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2020-03-09
ǧĪƣ飬ôͱ˹Ŵũ椣һǼʺѼʺĵطֱ޷
ḯţĸǰԸ񣬼ﻹĸ໴ĵܵãȫǼƷݣĪɣӿô

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һ 飬
ĪһƬģéݶЩ񣺡ô£Ҳ𣿡
ĪǻĹҵһǧС㣬𿴳ңŸеȨ鲢ûĪҳֹĪĸĸһģԻҸҲûҵ´ڣҲһ۰ûŮΪСӸŮĹŻĪǼ۰˵ҪǣҪ̫Ʋʡ
ĪΨһĲҾǼ޸һȫԼˣĳרģ֪̫߹ԼˣΪרģԻɷûУ꣬ɷûûдڸУֻҪǸŮһ֣͸ȥ
ʵڸĸ֧˻飬һףຣͻط˯ˡ
һҲû˯̤ʵ˸ΣһСŮһ꿪ʼʮ̣ӦóΪСŮļ䣬ȻʱͳСŮ
СŮԭҲĪǷɣĪƷɣѪĪƷɻĸŮװԵɾϱ֮ĶԹˣ뵱ĪƷɵĵĪӶĪƷɵһ飬ӲǲĸҪȢ˵Ҫ󣬰ԼİŮȢ˼ң
ĪǼи㣬еܵãм䣬ǸεĴڣټһñмֺ϶ϲˡ
ڶϱãϱìܾʹڣĪӵһ϶øϲýûŵݸЩΪõ¶ʱ˵Ǵĥ֣
ǼСȻǱģɶۣԸ˵磬Т˳˵ǰԸ˳ܣŵĴĥö֪ӵļѿ֪Ҳܲסˣһ̥ʱָǸкܸһĴأ
˭֪εһ̥ȴǸŮĪҲӣǷһίһºӣŮװɣ
ʵŮװĪƷ˵δһ£Ůصʱʹ϶ԶӸϱϲĪƷҲҹڿ𣬻ܰʱкһûŮôȥ顣
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Ī뵽ҲҲԼĸĸԼĵܵܣ˵ܸأʹĪĶ
ֻһŮĵѽһֻѼӣôôСأҪǼûСֶϲԣҲǣʵǲУҽĻôǵģĻ˶أһֻѼӶ᲻ã
Ī֪˭ԭҲԭĸĪӵĵܵĪ󽭵ϱ´ݣô
ĪӸĲУҲǡֻѼǴСѼõġĻû˵ء
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뵽ҪܾˣõͲķ죬˵Ͱ͵ģûеģ⣬ѼӣĲܣܸ㣬ǼңҲͣôֻˡҪЩСѼõģ
ǳϲûе˵ִ꣬ˣǲһֻǻʣֻ֪С᲻ãģҲ׳ģҼߣǶøжСӣʱҾ˵ҼСӡϲû÷أ۸ľˣ
˵ôҲͷˣ᲻øԼ˰ɣ
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ĪòУɿˤҲȷʵۣһʱ˲ѼˣϽԼӷ
Īû𣬴ԭļĪϣóӲŲ۸ĴһҴǰķУֺмӣϺ˵Īһң۸ռˣӦģ·۸ǿӣ֪ŲϲһԺ󣬸ǴŻ۸ã

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˵Īδּҵ£øĪһҹüҲռ֮һĹͣ
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Ī⻰ǲ٣ԭҲΣһǶƤˣȴ᲻ðֻѼӸˣһһֻŹԣΪʵûǮˣʣµֻǵѼӵģǰĪ˵ǰ֮ĲϹ˵ġ
ĪǾͰмģʹǮģҲмǼʱһѣǳԲϷһӶллĿ˵һм
򣿳Ǯûһ־ʹۣĪСɣɥİܵܶƼݵģѵԵõģҪôôݵģأ
⻰ĪﶼҪըˣ¶ڶˣ̣ƽ͵ĵû˵㣬ôɥˣֻԭŵЦҲάֲˡ
ôɥˣԼҪ㶫㾹Ȼģⲻǲʲôô˵ҲܵܣƽҲûҪʲôɣѵõһΣ㻹֪ĻΪҶףûʲôϵأ
ˣĪʧȥ¶ڶɡ
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ҼĵܵãٿңƼ˵ƼݶǿǵģѾƤˣ㻹ռǵıˣΪǲͣ˵ǶˡϾͶϰɣͲأҪܸƹ֮Ʋϵ˭죿
һ治ҵ˵¶ȥҪƽҲ֪¶ԼռôͲУóǳĲþ
ǿţ⺢ӣǶ˵ҲѣֻܵʵԣⲻźƤ𣿡
ĪˣƤһſھֱ׳˵ԼѣǼǼ˵裬Ķл𣿲˵ģƽǼҽ׽ͽΰͣҼҽͷӣȵȣǻ
Ҫѩصģ϶һƨڵϣһŴȿ޺ԼҵĿĪҶĺĳֻǿǶӲʵĵŶ˪أǿŶ䣬ȥ
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˵ЩҲǷּҰ¶ܾ𣿡֪꣬ڶռ˶ٵıߡ
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϶ʱһһģ㿴⺢ӣզ֪أøǻСǲԼôզôƽأøҲǹģ

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ŶԭøûҴ󰡣ѹ˵ҪҶЩԺǲǿԺøõˣĪ̵ĵ
ȷʵǷ̣Ҫ֪ĪĪƷɴ꣡
϶ʱƿԣһѣҲ˵ԼûĪ¶˵Ͳ˵ˣﲻֹĪƷСӽ쵽ô£Ҳûô໰۴Ķ
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һҲ˻˵ʮˣǰǮǸ⣬ԳѵʲôƣС˻㻹֪һȻ֪ТһֻѼӹ𣿿㻹Ƕأ
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Īôÿɲãһƾ͵ģ𿴳һ죬ĪƷҲݵø߸˶ƵģĪһСģ˵үҲΪʲôĪŮװû˻ɵԭ
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Īͷ⻰еҲǽܳãǽ߰͵Ͳ֪Ҫһˣ
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ٸĪһƣɸղűһ£ֻأĪûƵģֻŴȣ޺ҲĪҶСûİΪһֻѼӣȻԼǿС͵
ѼӣѼӾ͸ˣˣҼƷɺأⲻǸ𣿡˵⻰á


ԭøĪӲ֪ʱˣΪЩŤմӷţÿųϸԼŮˮܣܲסԼŮô˵Ů͹ίˣҪٱһͷԺǸӵļѣ
ѹĸմȻ͸˰ɣһƬ
ĪֻΨŮӸСҲøĵϱ˵֪ϱ˵ȴ֪ﲻԾ֪ӺαҲ۹ŮȻùǺҲֻͬˡ
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ϻ汣Ī᲻ôҪаգɽĪ̫аˣ
ϾŭңѼͬҵģСӣëûأ뵱ҵļˣ㵱𣿡⻰ͶˣĪӸˡ
Ҳ֪Īԭĸ黹ڣôģ⻰Īֱһȣ㿴ҸҲң˶ҪˣҪ˼ôʲô˵ǰɣͺñ㣬ûĵزأôҪˣοҪأ
һ£漴һŭСӣӣ˵˭Ҫأô˵ԼҳǾүүһˣȻ˵ԼҪ¶˵˵ùȥ˵ţĪҪߣһ棬ҪܵõѼӵص㣡
ҪĪ֪ϵƶҪԳϸʰ·ˣΪ˳Եģܻȥ
ĪҲ̲סĵŭԳϵĺһѳֱ˦㲻үүҶүү˵˵ˣĸϱô񶾣ΪһڳԵģǱ˼ҲӲҪĳԵģӸģ
˵ҲЩ飬ֵͦģֻ⻰治ǹģֻӲСӾǰƽϣⲻǻϻզˣ۸ûǰɣ
ĪȴûиٱȥģֱӵǷֱԼҲ㲻ҪѼһҲˣҪץҼҵѼӣģҵ͵ģֻҪˣҾ͸ȥҰҵĶù˵𣿶Լˣ̫ƽϣʱˣҲ˭˭ĵģԣ
˵꣬Ī·ÿˣⷴóԥˡ
ҲɿĪŭӣϻǲ׶ˣֻǿ򶨵ȥһֻѼô㱦ĸʲôƵģߣ˭ϡأĲʵˣǰĪӸһۣ÷߯ûˣôӶܲס
ˣҪӲҲͲᱻô۸ˣ
ˣԺڻָƽòͬĿĪƷɣô˵أô˵ǳ
ĪҲΨŮСҲǾǸ֪ˣαظƽϣ̫ˣ
Īû˵أ˵ˣĪùǺ
Ī̵֪˾ܱǵǲƽˣԾҪǼҶǿģٿԼ˵꣬ĪֻĻ䣬ⶼʲô¶ûñ
ˣˣ˭˭ܣҲļңʱҪˣ˵ܻصִȥأ
˵꣬ĪҲܲסĻˣһ˫۾ĿĪ
磬Сһ˫ĳ۾ǳݣĸԼҴ֧֡
ҳԺҲҪһСܲͷź׳ֻҲģ۾һĳ棡
ĪСܵģѾʼˣܸоõĪƷɲˣΪղŸĸĪƷɡ
ĪСٵ磬𲻿ˣԸֲǲ֪˵Ů˵ǷǣĪӸöԺҲ۰ģĪСٻǲԸĸһ˿ԹĸһЩǼҲڹ
磬Ҳµ˵ң´˵ĪСֻԭԭǲܶԴܷҪö˷

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ǰο˵ĪܵˣôģǶ԰ӷƵģ˻֡
ǰȺܲͷĪȴ̲סᣬΪʲôģǰģȴû𴲣Щ˯û·ǴǼֻ޷
Īһһ֮ҪӦ꣬ҪⶼҪٳ֣û·ȻǻᶳģȻһǸĪƷˣΪĪƷɻҪ顣
ղĪ˵˶ƤҲ˵ЦģΪûԣֻܺһϡһ컹ֻܳһͣܲ
Ҫ˵ĪƷɵĸĸĪ²ۣúõܹҲһֱ£
ĪӵĸףҲĪƷɵ游ĪĸҶĪΪ游ͦϸģԺҲǱȽϹƫУǲϲ֣壬ܾøŮ˼ƽ̫֣ҲĪӵԸϵƫۡ
ӶŮĸ϶ĪҶҲǹⲻϲֻĪм䣬ЩԣӳҰԺҪϣԲ۰֣ڶ̥˸ŮŮôæչ˺ḁ̃ľĪˣտʼΪСĪҲǱ۰ģֻǺܿ˸ӣĪӱԾͺˣСֻὲԶ¿ʼŸĸģÿÿ˵ϵĿȥ͸ϻϲˡ
ٵȵСŮʱǾӣΪСģõĳ谮Բ˵
ĪǸмʶģСעӣԼеӶȥѧ飬Ī󺣱ͶעѪ࣬ΪǵһӣҲȽüϧһԴܵˡ
ΪС͸˼ҵĺӲһ飬Ī󺣴СһĪԽУչ˶ԽС
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ͬǶ飬Ī챿ΪҲȸѧĪںģᣬּĪںʱ˵ŷӶĿޣǲϻˣĪӶԼ鲻Уá
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ĪҲȥԸ˵䲻ľǶɵˣظľҪʥѧϰԸҪȣ̫ƽϣҪϲԼ
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ֱĪںϵĵڶ꣬ĪӲȥμӸԣȻһٳš
ʱĪںＵʣȴǺοﻰⶼĹͣ·ǿĪӸͿƵģ
˵֮ǰĪиտı󣬵ʱĪ֪ԼǸæҷӪտıΪҲЩʶһЩˣйϵĪ˷ݽ͵Ĺ˼ҿĪʵѧģҲ˳ˮ飬ĪҲˣؼһ˵ĪںͼˣΪȻҲһ˽ӵӣǸĪҵҸûȣǹģӲ豸ϣȫһεģҪǸҲһεģҪ˽зӣĪӵĽнأͿԿˡ

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Īֻȥտı˵Ͼ¶Ұòص
տıҲҪڶ֪ĪѲ۾˾˲ģĪӺһͨ²Ű¶ҹȥտıٰĪңĪԼҲ˼ˣˣԼһ꣬˳飬һá
Īں˽վȽŸԺ󣬾˷ּһ磬Ī˵ǣҪ֦˴ּңǣܶܵǮøĸ帣ΪǲͣǾôּˡ
ּǺнģĪȻԺӹƽɼܲסиϲϺȵڶ߶߶߶ˣԭԵĪǲòġ
ֻǼʹƫĵ£Ʒֵùƽʵһ㶼ƽ÷Ӹ˵ɣǹ˰֮Ƕũ˵ǳҪ
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ֵĪأҲзеأȴéݣֻ䣬ŵģѼӵѼỹԼ˻Ǯģû취˭أأȫµͺء
ҪĪ˵Īûȫɵң֪ԼָϲţҲ۰ԼĺӣȻһȶûУ
ȻǮƣǮƷ浹ǻãƽˣĪҵǮ࣬ϾҪӶ飬ĪѾǳ˲ˣȻһĻҲȥѧãʣʲôǮһµҲ˴
ȻĪҪ²һĪĪĪˣΪСкĪ󽭵õĳ谮Բ˵ϴСͻĪ󽭴СǼСϾͲĪ󽭳죡
³Ī󽭱軵ǿ϶ģͬжĻᣬĪȴԲǸ࣬ɹģʲôҲûȥһȦѧãûѧƤøˣʱʱ˵ӵģԵرĻ
ǾӴ˶֪Ī󽭺óϲռˣӲȢϱأҲֵĳϣһɫҲǱĪ󽭵ġĻƭˣҪĪ˵˵ͦģϲҲǺóϲռ˵һĪ󽭲ͬǻ죡
Ҫ˵ĪĪҶӣǸûģֻּ֪ԺԼʲôͳʲôĪ󽭻ΪȻģȻˣҲûʣǮ˶֪춢Ŷռˡ
ĪҶȻӣɸΪֵ֮ıٵģиּһҪĪҶһ԰Ѷȫˣʡ֮Ҫã˭֪ԺǸĪڣʱľ裬ȱʲôͽʲôȥ
ҪǵһּңûûûƷ˷ĪҶ£һЩճĵζƷҲֻǸտʼʱһ㣬ȱ˶ĪҶ裬ʱʱ˵ĪҶкóԵģһԲȣⲻռϰˣͼĪҶö
Ȼͻݣ»ãҲãĪ򿿳飬ǸҲֻܸɵƣ٣ö࣬ԱиڱʱʱһѪĪҶŹأ
磬ҶӺöʲôʱˣܳԷ𣿡ĪʫӨŴó۾Ī
ԷСܲͷµĪСٶ̲סεͬó۾Ī
Īᣬǰĸ۾òЭΪ̫ˣƤǣԵ۾ܴ
ĪΪǰ⼸ӣҪúõİӹԼɡ
Īһͷԣǵţ
ĪȥѸƿȻϡճӰӵϡɫܲÿ˸Ͱ졣
ô˵ҲҪȥĪȰʢ׼һ࣬ôﹻԣѵȸˮ
ֻŴ룬ĪܲϰߣȻҲ֪ôģһɣžһˤ˵ϣѳˡ

 ɱ
ߣϲıĪӷȥߵѼͿԸСɲˣСҲܸ˵㣡
ԭøĪҲ֪ĪˣþɥԼܣҪŮæͷͷŲ죬֪ôܾ
ĪҲԼܣȻ֪ŮǺ⣬ֻҲŮôͷԼŮֻеģҲȽÿԼѾˣȻѩϼ˪ʶõãǲȥѼǷѼ
ԹȻת飺ԣȥҪеĻСɲҲܲˣ
ͱô̬ȥѼң˵컹ǸҲֻ֪ĸѼ˿ŵɰѷֻˣҲֵŷСѼӡ
ϲĸߵԺžһ죬Ҳ˲ԼˣĪӵȥĪǼˤˣЩۣɾֻʣˣҪˤûǮˣ
ĪҲ۰ڼѾɽˮʲôȱɲһˣĪҲ˲ˣãվȽȥ
Īӿŵ뱾µԼŮĪǻŭҲɢˣֻЩ۵ĵôôôСģĪ˵⻰Ѿˣ˵Щڣ
ĪҲЩڨڨģ⣬̫ˣ
ˣԷȳһĪӿ˸ȻڻԷʱԼĴŮˣô죿
ǣǵܵǶˣĪʵҲ
ĪӾ͵ǻǵһɣڳˣٶô죿ģʵǲĻﶬͳŲȥ
ĪܵѾܶˣڲúְ裬Ȼ˼һĸרƺ˵ĻĪҲûôѣ
ĪȰСɣǺģֻǣЩڳˣͷһϾͳŲȥ
ǾͲţĪĪӵĻܵãǼ˶̫ˣеģóԷҪԣȻǿ϶ŲȥҪģ⻰٣Ȼϡﻹ˺һһŵùȥ
ĪҲᣬֻϣڰɣ
ڣҵģϡȳˣٳһ٣Īʹг˶ܲˣоԼܳһֻϻοСӣ
ǣǺðɣĪ뵽ĺǶƤǣĪӺݺݵĵͷǾͳ԰ɣ£Ұѻôҳԣ
ĪҳԷʱǳյһ㣬Ȼ߳ԣůʡóġ
ʱѾԼŲˣŮѾԷ飬Ҳûзԣ¶ĵ룺ԼͲˣʡʱǶ˻ܵӣ
ĪʵҲ뷨ĪؿûĪˣԼϡʢ÷̨ϡ
ĪҲٶˣһ룬ͥѩϼ˪
˵ԳԷˣǻϲıһ˳һϡûгԱǴҶµûҪĪӸûԣȴĪ˵ˣŮһ
ĪӸýõĪˤƵǸ룬᲻öСʢԵ㣬Ҳ졣
ǹﻹʣµ㣬õҲܺˣСıߵ˵ˮСİΧǵ㰾׽ϴȻԼȵ
ĪŶᣬһ˲ԭ˷ʵԷ˵ôôأΪ˸ʡˣǲǲӣֻԸ̫ˡ
ĪԷʱҪô죬ȱ·ȱʳǮֲ£ôأ뵽ѼѼӣĪͶģѼԳԣӣѼëأ޷ã
ʱҳ˷ů;ڳصıQÿҲܻһֽˣȻҲ䡣
ĪϴõǰѼֻѼӶɱ˰ɣ
ɱѼӣСɣǲûԱղһѼţѼԣһСĵ
õҲûֻĪûԱҲۣŮǷ࣬ԾܾĪʱ򻹵
Īҡͷǣ
û£Ѽ飬ҲҪúõĲӣĵ
ҲԣΪĪˣǼУҾҪٲĸģӣͳŲ죡ʱҲǶҲǶ

ڰ Ӹĸ
Ҳγ֪ȥУǼʵûѼΪ˷ѼµģҲǾһģ÷粻ֲܿģЩѼӣéݺСϪѼӿԷˮԼʳȻԼȥЩҲ͹ѼӳˣʱѼӳ˾ͿҪĸѼӣѼѼҲһã
ԶĪ˵ֻѼԺİ֮ôã
ûãܶС
Īõ𣺡˵ûõģҵģ㿴Ǽһһ޷ûУɱѼӣʱѼǴҲһ壬ѼëĻãĪҪôǽ޷飬ɡ
ǣѼѼõģɱˣҪôѼӣúԥ
˵ҪɱѼӵܲͷǸΧĶøĪ
ʱĪӱŲ߽ôˣ˵ʲôأ
Ī͵Ҹ˵ѼѼӶɱˣͷһֻѼӣҲ㿴ǣǵܵǣңƤˣȥǾǳŵõ𣿡
ĪҲˣѼܶСɣ֪ҶûԱֻѼҪѼãɱã
Ա˸ĸҪıȥ̬Ȼֵÿ϶ģĪҲȽ㣺ѵҪǶ𣿡
ĪӿƼݶǿ޵ĺǣ͵һʶĪ˵ûȥǳŲ꣡
ǼѼĲܶԺôӣ
ĪӺۿҧҧСɣ취
ĪΪĵʲô취֪ǵԺ󣬿ȥˣʲôԺ󣿶Ҿͽô֣ǲѼӳ˵ĻѼӱס𣿡
ĪЩͬĵСɣ鳤
˵ˣĪý磡
ԵĶˣΪĸǿѼӱ˵ţñ˳ˣԼĺӳˡ
ҲʲôԺˣҲȰĪӣǾСɵİɣԽǵʲôĶǿ
ĪӻԥԺۣŵùȥõȵѼӳˣʱǮӾܿԣһЩˣҲܳԵĺһЩ
ҪСѼǿܱѼӲɱųԣͷñ˳˺ðɣΣӣ𣿵ʱʱһ£ֲģĪҲĵȰ
ĪٴβͬĵСɣ˵˲Ҫ鳤
ĪûֻĪӣѼɱ˰ɣ
⡭ĪӻǺԥԼΨһ·Ī˵ĻҲǲ֪ôɹؼǼûǮʲôȥСѼӣ
ˣ㲻⡢ˣĪĪӵĥߴֱӶõҵģѼӾɱ˰ɣ
þͷĪӵȥץѼɱɣ
һ˵ԳѼӣܲͷǻһǻС⼸ֻѼӵĺ壬֪ǿԳԵõˡ
ĪӱԥĪ˾ҲֶͬôģĪֻ̾ȥץѼӣŻͷǶȥҿʲôƸûУôСѼӵǮ
ĪȻǸɱֻѼӻǻģǷһѼëһɱѼӣϵõͦá
ĪͲմˣǰûɹôµ¶ǶѼëˣϸСëȻˣЩëҲܶûֻһ޷Ͳ㣬ܱȫõĺã
һ磬ֻѼӶɱˣûҪĪķԸϴѼëϴģô飬ϴѼë͸ɲˣĪôҰѼëڿϣЩϸСëȥëһǱ˺
𣿡ЩɣСɣﲻϣֻǣû˵Ѽëѵģû뵽ĪҪѼëá
޻ѵԭǿԱů룬Ѽڱѩﶼůͺ͵ģҾû⣡ĪֵҲûˣǲ޻𣿡
⡭𣿡ûЩԥû˵ϴѼëǷѹѲЩνϾȥɽϼУҪҪ߸ƥģѵ
ĪҲԥ⡭Сɣû˵˰ɣĪӾòף
ĪҲˣۿʤͲһˣԥҲ㿴ˣԸʵ̫ˣû

ھ ζѼ
ĪֱİвеģԾ֪ˣɫˣҰѼë˺һԣ
ÿĪܼӣͶĪҪҪǾ԰ɣ
ĪҲĪһ͸оԼҪǲͬ⣬ŮˣǣҪ԰ɣҪǲУͷȻͰ·ٲȥ
Ҫ˵Ҳǹ躢ӵģĪһ仰˿һˣҲûһʲôõģҲǵǴŮҲôһʣĪĻȥ
̲סСɣʲôû²ģҪеĻҲúû·
ûʲôѸѣȻȥĪ
˵ȡůĪСټСܲͷ۾ˣҲģ˺ë˵֣
Ī˺ëܲͷʱĵͷӣʿˮʱʱĶͷȻܶȴµĲ˵
ʵẢˣܶĪԼĶӣ߳ȥõˣ
ֳˡ
ԣʡʡȫҵûˣĪĵ⻰治ΣĪҶЩôӣҲǶԲҪ취
ĪӲìܵģʳ£ܾúǳŵùȥֵһŲȥأ
һҧȥˣҲûҶ󣬲´ҳ̫ǾôһӶˡ
СܲͷȴǺܿġ
Īűϻϡϡ̾Ҳû˵ʲôˣȻĪҶҲȷʵѹ
Ī޵ģúõһǧ𣬴ʳǵڵȱʳ˭˭ˣҲ֪ܻܲȥȥԼĸĸԼִʲôĸ᲻ģİ
ţĪҲ̲סĵĿ޵رСġ
ĪߺᣬȴŻãΪĪ⣬š
ЩţСɱޣҪǻûԱ߻һ룬ţﲻ
ĪҲۣ㣡Ķˣ
ĪԼûãúӳԱúӶˣ
磬ҲԱˣҲУԣĪСҲµĵ綼ˣҲûЦ磬Ǻ⣬ϾͱȽϴ󣬰˵óԶһЩ
磬ұˣ㣡ĪСʿˮȴǶµĵ
ǰĵĿԼԭļˣûԱȴðԣĪ£ʵĵɵǣǸжģǶ޵ģǵİɣָжҲ˲⻰߼
öŮĿ޴룬Ī˵ʲôҪ˵࣬Ҳͳˡ
ڿϣŴ˯ʱ̬˯˷죬Ī˯飬ִ飬ôȥ븸ĸܵܣᣬ˯֮ǰҲһ˯ܻصִȥˣҲԲԭͥ˲ΪҪܻȥ϶Żȥģ
ȻĪһ˯㣬ڶϱѣɱˣټڹŴҲѹ鲻á
ΪĪûѣҡԼŮСɣˣ
ĪѣõȥСɣ
Ī޿ı۾ˣӦӦ
ûʲôĪûĪѿɫЦǺǵĵСɣһȥѧˣ
ѧĪԭж¶ðɣȻʱزȥʵһЩ
ĪĲ鲻ԸĴϺϴʱϴܼ򵥣ˮ֦ûйŴˢǼ۸ܹ󣬲Īļͥġ
ĪʱѾ˷ΪǵĪҪȥ飬ϾˣʱҲܳԵ̫ѿԸĪһӣҲ
Ī緹Ѽ࣬Ѽþϵġ
ûöţķ֮һѼӣеرС飬ȻˮһһѼͷˣʱֱѼ࣬ĪҶ˵ѾǼƷζˡ
ȻˣõûĪᵽԳѼʱ򻹸ִһѹͷ³ҲЩЩ۱³Ĺͷ
Ҳ֪ǲǶ˵ԭĪоѼԼԹζˡ
緹ĪﴧŸӣǽ緹ˣȻĪӺȥ
Ȼ濴ĪкʵԷʱĪԼߣһ˶ĪӾͻÿ͵ڡ

ʮ 鲼ͷ
Īȥһ˽ӽ˽ӣ˽һ㣬ĪҵĺӣĪӡĪںĪ󽭶˽ӾͶģΪ۸ˣ
ĪƣվڴڶĪСɣﻹǮţһҪǻԲԼȥЩԵģˡ
ȻĪЩ߶ǴµǮĪҲɬʹĪųԺǵİȴǲ۵ģ
ɰĵܵǣϹıĸĸĪų⳹ʧʼزȥĻʵҲ
ĪǲӵģǺ뻹ǽӹˣûǮҲȷʵǲУֲһôȷĪ˷ġ
Īŵһ죬һĪƷɣʵǲҲû취
ǰļĪƷɵѧ֮·ߵÿĿİģѧõʱѾٵˣǱӡº͡巣վΡ
ĪƷɵǾͦõģûʲô˼ϿΣʹǽȥ˹ҲǷ˵ҪӴأ
磬кʱĪƷ־ɤӣ־ζ̫ˡ
һĪƷͷˣӵ֮Ҳͷˣǰ츳һ㣬оҲһ㣬ѧʱĪƷ֮
ͭ壬ĪƷɾҪȥׯһ죬ڼʲôȱôǮû뵽취Ǳůе˼·ˣĪƷȥׯ
ֻĪƷɲ֪ׯأ˷ܵĺƷɣҪؼҵˣҿҵһ̣
ĪƷһתͷһСӳǰ͹Ŵձȱʳ£СܳҲǲװ
ĪƷ֪Сӣ﷢ɱģŴɱǺ飬ҲѹСܳ
﷢ļҾײɱҲӪ̣ϼũ廹أԼﻹţƽʱء
﷢ĪƷɹϵԣԼĪƷվŷĪƷϳ
ĪƷܵлл㣬﷢һؼң
㲻ؼң㻹ʲô𣿡﷢ʵ
ţȥһ˲ׯ﷢֪ׯô𣿡ĪƷɺȻ뵽﷢ǰסϣӦ֪ׯôߡ
ҪҲ֪ׯôߣҵ϶֪ȥҵ﷢ȻĪƷɾҪţȥԼĸס
ĪƷæ˦﷢֣﷢ֵĿʱĪƷɵк̫ˣʵĪƷɵĹﵹûʶģӦԭķӦ֮ǰԭΪ¶ڶͬ־롣
﷢е㣬Ҳû£ȥҼţǰ棬ҵңȥҵׯ
ûţ﷢¿ˣ֪ׯҪôƷȥׯƥ
˵ĪƷɶˣɲȥƥҪ鲼ͷ鶼ûϵ
︸򣬳ðԲģţ´ĪƷһۣǸ˾һӾͿĪƷɵ޷ϴ÷ףһ㣬˵ȴ˿ֶȥ򲼰ﲼׯ٣ʵݹҪׯˣĲ۸ҲҲ
ĪƷڵڣ︸˹֣ллʳׯôأ
ֱƷɹȥɣҲû︸˵﷢š
ð︸ǺƢֶɣ
ĪƷȴæƾˣллã̫鷳ˣԼȥˣǲ鷳ˣΪ˿ȥ鲼ͷģ
νһǮѵӢۺĪƷɼʹǳ˵˼άҲ֪Լûʲôöģͬǰ뱣סԼģΪʵʵ̫ˣںһ֪Ҫ˵ʲô̩Ȼ֮ģ
︸⣬˵ȴºֶûϵģ˳·һ㶼鷳ֻǵʱҪԼ߻ؼˣҲ֪ǲ︸ʲô˵ôһ
ȻĪƷҲƴˣ͹ֵȻˣллˣ
ѽƷ憪£߰ɣǸϽϳ湻ģ﷢Ⱦţ
ãĪƷ΢΢һЦţ︸Ūһ׵ĳȻéԼΧţȷʵů͡
︸ϸģĪƷȥ˳ׯ·ϻĪƷָĪƷһ˲ׯô߲ܸĻص˽ӡ
˲ׯ︸ȻĪƷɷ¾﷢ؼˣ﷢Щʲô¶զȵƷɣ˳ȥأ

ʮһ ò
︸û﷢Դһ£ɵСӣûͬ˸𣿡
﷢ɴ۾ΪʲôҲû㣬Ϊûۣ
ɵСӣ㿴ͬҾð˵ȥأ︸ûԼǶɵ
﷢˼ðɣֲЦʲô˵ģ
⻰˵︸̲סԼӵԹһ£﷢ĻûͷȥͬϹʲôΣû︸øԼĶӽˡ
﷢ԼԴ벻ף͹︸ˣԴǸɵģ㻹˼ұ
ĪƷųׯׯ˻٣ҪˣҶʼΪ˹׼ƥȥ£
ĪƷɿģ̨һŮĸһекˣеͲ󣬲ʮӣӦҵӶСһŮģϰ塣
ĪƷҲûдյǰȥ˼æţҪ鲼ͷܲõ˼ҵ⡣
ע⵽վǰСһ׵ɫ·
ʵãҪʲô
ûʲôҾȿСȥк˰ɣĪƷòĵ
⻰һͶĪƷ˺øУò۾ˣ
̬º͵ĵȿҪʲôҪģ˵
ſͻػصģĪƷҲЩļˣϾɫɲˣҪϻؼңڵصģɲһ˻ؼң̫ȫˡ
ĪƷɲò׼ʱ㽯ĻĪƷɵ̬Ⱥܺã𣿡
ģСҾ£ûʲô鲼ͷ֮ĶĪƷţ̲ס
Ȼɫȴǲ䣬̬һ֮ǰĪƷɵ鲼ͷУֻǴʲôģߵ鲼ͷʲô
ĪƷԣϲĵʲôҲûϵ鶼ûйϵ֪ǷУԭҵûг·Ϊû鲼ͷأ
͹٣ȷ𣿲Ȼһøһ
ˣСУֻǲ֪ҪǮʵɬĪƷЩĵ
Եȣȥƹģ֮ǰҲû鲼ͷҲ֪ôۣ
ȻĪƷɾͿŽǸŮƹ˵ʲôָһߡ
ûһƹ˵ˣ鲼ͷҲûʲôãҪҪĻ˵㣬ҪǼв֮ҲУ
𣿡ĪƷŵǴľϲĻﵹеģʹûУԭļҪɽŶҲܼһЩģǻȽʪʱ԰ѼĲøƹģȻԼҵĴ
ģͷ
̫ˣֻǲ֪ôأĪƷɾϲʡ
ܵ˵鲼ͷǰһһǮģĻһƽǮڶǮ㣬Լ㣡˵
ĪƷر˵ܲǮѺͷòꣿûڣ֪УҲ̫޳ˣĽ˵Ѿܺˣ
֪鲼ͷжأĪƷʵһҪٵĲ˵Ҳֵ߯Ǯ˰ɣһŰǮ
еĻȻǶˣʵĪƷɵǾͦõģױȰͺãŲǷ˭
ĪƷɺ޲ýûȻǲеģֲ뻨Ǯûôõ飿
ҸղŴִֿһ£߰˰ӦеģһǮ˵
ɫʵǲˣĪƷɲٵȥֻܸϽߡ
Īڴ͵ȵļˣʱŮôûл춼ˣҲûл
ĪӾһĪƷҪǻĻҪȥˣȻʵ˷Ų
ĪӾȥҵʱ򣬻ûĪƷɵĽŲĪӶʱɿСɣôôŻʲô𣿡
ûУҾȥׯһˣǻȥ˵ɣ̫ˣĪƷɵ
ããǻȥ˵Īһ˵ĪƷЩۣæٵĵ
·ϣĪܺãС˰ɣ㻹һ࣬ȥܳˣ
ллĪƷҲû˵ԼΪȷʵǶˣһϡʲôԼͷſԴȽʵݣ
й𣿡Īʡ
ĪοСɣûˣ
Ȼ̲סСɣ㲻С֮ĶȾ֮鳤㲻ã˵⻰ʱСġ
ĪƷɲΪȻûôˣֻǶĪӲΪȻĵ㿴ɣǾӲģӲһͲˣ˵̫۸ˣ㿴ȥ۸󲮼𣿡

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ĪƷûĪɿ̲֮ס̾Сɣô˵鳤㲻ã
ĪƷɲΪȻĵʥ˶ƣТТǰܹȰ㿴ǴȰǣǾûУʥƣᣡȻûͲܹѧ㿴ˣҸܵǶǵ̬ȶ𾴣ǲǣ
Ī⻰ܱŤ־úͦеġ
ʵĪƷɵĻûֻǸĪǰЩͻ⵼Īúܲϰߡ
ĪƷɲĪ⣬Ǿͱ˵ˣǼҵ޷ô
벻ףĪҲͲˣ˵ԸôȻ˵ǵȻʵ˵ˣЩϣų
˵¶ĪҲˣͦõģС治տʼﰴ˵ֻһȻԣ찡̫ůˣ޷ůͣʡܵÿ˶һģ
Ȼ֪ĪƷԻǺܸˣ̫ˣ
ĪƷҲĪӵǡ
˵䣬͵˼ſڡ
ҲĵĿ⣬֪ʲô£ôŮûлأ
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ĪƷɳ࣬òĪƷɣСȥׯʲô𣿡Ȼָ˵ĵСɣ˵ķ治Ƿļ޷Ѽë޷ʡůͣо޻ǿˣ
ĪƷ룺ǰǵ˼ǧǻ۽ᾧܲ
Сǿɿˣ綼˻ˣ˵Ҫ㿴ģ̫ˣǳŲס˯ˣչЦա
ĪƷЦϲͺã
ż˿ĪҲãղĪƷ˵ȥׯĪӹĵʵС·𣿡
ǵģôģܵõ·ֻܲһɣôҪи滻ģҲ޻ģ𲼣޻Щ鲼ͷӦûϵģǵıҲӶûУҾǲǿԴӲׯЩ鲼ͷԽ˵Խãǵ޷ͿЩ䵱޻ȥĪƷɵҲ֪޻ůһԭȻ벻С
⣬𣿡ĪЩԥȻѼ޿ףѼëǮҪǮɲء
Īԥþ͸ԥˡ
ĪƷֻ죬ɶԷյ׼׼ģĪƷɿ϶ĵвеģǻԣǼҵƹ˵ˣҲԲǮֱò𻻣ǼҵĲ𣿾Ͱмһ鲼ͷĻһǮ㣬һ𰴰Ǯ㣡
ǸС磬ǲׯ߰˰鲼ͷһܻˣĪƷɵ
ĪԾ͹ˣ˵ֻҪǮͲôأ˵ⶫôͷɽȥͻеġ
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ĪƷɾ֪Ľ
Īһ£ߵļҲׯҸһ£չһ𣬾ȥ
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ѵӲĪӣĪƷ룺˶ɻ˵С
ĪƷʵҸо˵Ҳ˵ׯ֪𣿡
ĪҡҡͷֲǸˣûּ֮ǰʲôùܣҲסϣô֪ׯ
ɣһʱ䣬ѧˣҴȥ˽ſڵң㿴𣿡Ī룬
УĪӵ
Ŵҹ൱ģټǼҪʡͣ϶᲻õ㣬¶ԼǰĪƷ仳ִĵƣԼѾҹΪƹȾƹȾĽصˣҲӣϡͲˣûǾڵģױ
ĪƷڴûþ˯ˣûôѣʵҲǣô磬绹ûݣɲͷ
ڶϣѼ࣬ĪƷȴԶٸɷִԵİ׷ˣˮ˻ˣԽԽˮ

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ĪƷȥѧԺĪСҲ˹۾ļĪСٲЩôûס˯أûпҴ·
ĪСٴƮƮ޷˵ĸˣЩϧĪƷû
Ϊû·ĪҶĺҲ𴲣Ҳôܡ
ĪСٴ·ܵȥ춯
ǲˣĪСʵ
ǰҪȥѧĪº͵ĵҸ˵ǵ޷ƯϲҲˣ
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С٣Ӷϴȥ԰ɣ඼ڹͣ¼֣һº˵
֪ˣĪС˵ھܳ緹˵ܣоԴӴȥԺ󣬼к£
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ǾͺãҪܲסͱˣ֪𣿡Ī˵
ûһܲͷˣĪҶéһ֮ǰԺ֣Ǵ޷ж࿪ˣԺģĪСٸĪСµĹæ˵ЩҪ鲼ͷҲǸ·õģǶرĪʫӨĪС湻˶µĹæ
ʱĪӾĪ˵ģһ𣬱߱ͣȥҲһ֮ˣ֪һ֮ѵ
ĪȻԼ֪֮ȻǺģ֪ԼУ˺
һ·Īϵ״ٳҡҡλεģǰߺͣǰͺߣҪҡһΣûҪĲߣȻҲԣĪӸоⵣҪһ
ĪƷɽһڿõı־㲻ϺˣĲᱳд˴֣ʦַ˲õҵֻҪд飬Ҫдı飬ĸоҲ˺ü£Ȼ屻һ죬Ҫ֣Ǵ֣ĪƷɺˣ
ĪƷɾĲԼԼдϰ˼ˣ˭֪һҪдְȻëҲûѧдඣ
Сɣôˣû°ɣĪԶԶľͼĪƷһƵվ˽⣬Щġ
ûʲô˰ɣһɣĪƷǰѵõķ֡
ã廹ûⵣӸأˣĪӾܾˣôŮأ
ĪƷҲûǿԼ֮ǰˤ˵ģȷʵпܣԼǲҰɣ
Īӵ˳ׯǡûʲôˣԶԶľͿСһӹϻһ
æӭ߽һɵЩЦСŴ𣿸õͦģֻǶӸһЩ
ҲĪӲǸɻˣæ͹٣Ҫ鲼ͷ𣿡
ǵģ鷳СˣĪƷɹ֡
ɣ˵ţͽӹĪӳûµıⵣӹ
мһ֣֪ûУļһ֣ĪӺÿˣҲ㣬˼ɵׯĺԺȥﻹɵ˵Żأ͹Ҫ鲼ͷ׼ˣȥԺȡ
õģллСŮȻûˡ
һ˰˰鲼ͷĪƷɻͦģһ·ϾĪƷɸĪӻĪҲĳŲסˣûɹ
صңֺˣЩĵ㿪͵ƣĪѾ˲͵ƵĽԼˣǶ۵·ʪ͸ˡ
ڶϣĪӲʵ̫ˣоĹͷɢ˼ܣۣۣ
ƿĪӵļ򣬲һУôҪЪ𣿡ֻһˮݣ򻹺ͮͮġ
Ī̾Īޣ̫ûˣûԭԼô1
ĪҪȴǲãĪЦЦû£ͷͺˣǶеһ⣡ôУ
ۿźӵѻû䣬ҲûãҪϽٸŪһ
ĪӴ·˷ˣǻЩôģ˵ɽ
˵Ҫɽ𣬺ǶҪȥĪӲͬ⣺ɽϻǲ±˰
ǲ£㱣ǣĪʫӨĵԵĺһ㣬ȻƤǣ˵֮ǰˡ
ԣȥɣȻڼҲû¸ɣǱ֤󣬹ԹԵĻ֣ĪСű֤

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ÿѵÿģҲȰȻúǸŰɣѵܳ棡һ붬ǻϱڴϣҲǲס
ǺðɣǿҪϽңҪˣĪӳĿźǡ
ĪҶĺӶܶ£ɽȻû֣СĪʫӨߵÿĿİûпޣĪСٿȥڱϡ
ĪƷſοɲٲרˣͷҪĵģҪȥ淣վ̫ˣ
ĪƷҲֻܳ¿εĹյҪôԴǰѧƣ黭ѧ٣Ǹ٣ѧרҵѧҲǵϢѧֱҪڲˣŴûһõģĪƷᵽʲô鵽ʱ٣
ĪҶéмҪ˵ΨһһƾǰСϪĪҶѼᶼСϪϣ
뵽ϪˮĪƷɾ뵽㣬ּҪ̼βǶǼõģǴľˣСľԼԣ˭üûأ
СϪͷɽˣ˵ǿɽڼ壬ϧԼûа취ɽ鿴֪ʺ壬ֻĪȥˣҲ֪Īӿס᲻壡
˶ܾԼ˷ģˣ
ĪƷɻ˼ĪӣԼҲûľ飬֪ȥ
أ۵۵𣬵ãҪϿˣ
Ϸüͷ黹һֽ߽
ѧǿϷӺŵ纮һ֪Ϸ鲻á
ϷӵȷʵǲãžһϣĪƷɣվ
ĪƷĪԹΣûʲô°ɣ
ϷʣϷ㣺ӳ˵ִ֣֮ϣ⣿
ĪƷʶľ仰ʵпӣʵ벻仰ʲô⣬Ҫ֪첼õҵֻҪһ÷ģִð
ĪƷ޹ĿϷӵĺӣ仰˼װģ빲Ҹ˵ҽǣ֣Զϣ
ĪƷ˵꣬ͬǶʱôЦϷúӶڶֱ֣һɺԣһɺԣ
ĪƷɵҲ֪Լˣ֪Լ
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ĪƷɹԹԵ֣Ҳٱ磬ЩͬѧķӦȻˣ
ĪƷûб⣬ϴ̬ãϷӵɫÿһˣϷӻͦģĪƷɻ˳Ÿˡ
УƷɣӳ˵ִ֣֮Ϻ⣡Ϸ˵
ֻһɫ޷վθ߸ݵģӳ˵ִ֣֮˵սʿ֮ս֮꣬Ϊսˣһͬоսʿ߰ο˵ǹѵֵܣһͬ룬ս˫֣սϹ
ĪƷĿɿڴ⣬˵õõİأ뵱ִ׵ʱ򣬶仰ģ˵ʲôִ֮ϵʲôʱ仰Ȼս֮䣡
ϷӶԷеĻشȻ⣬˸Լĺ룬ĵͷã£ȻĪƷɣϿβġ飬飿
ĪƷæҡͷȻᣬɷòԩ˼˵֮ͬ壬Լ˵Ů֮İ飡
Уͨͨʮ飬һддÿЩҪдˣд֣ĪϷٷϷĪƷɵĿҵǽһͨƪûд˵Ψһһд˵Ҳǹƨͨû
ĪƷɿӦˣë߯дˣô飬Ҫ̣࣡
ĪƷ¿εʱҲ˲Ǯˣôҵϲǣ
ĪƷæſμ䳭д˽壬Ķ˵ѣһǷְģͷۣ
ƫƫ﷢ǸӻڱֻϷӵĿһܹ꣬Ʒɣģզأװģ빲Ҹ˵ҽǣ֣ԶϣģԵøӵĺЦ
ĪƷɶʱ߿дҵ
﷢ȴƤǲŲдˣƷɣȥԺдɣȸң嵽ôģ
ĪƷɲ﷢ͷд֣룺ôģǿ˼ұ׳仰ֻ˼ұ׵ʱôһ䣬˭֪Ҫ룬ܽͳͲˣ
ĪƷû﷢﷢һĻλ
ǰͬʵҲЦȴû﷢Цţ
ĪƷҲԴΪ䣬Ժʫɲִٰķȥˣ
ѧĪƷɻڷܱʼ飬﷢һ㶼ղĪƷɲĪƷɻĪƷɣһõӣ˵ƷɣôСɣҲǿЦͲˣ

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ĪƷɲ﷢Ƶд֣ĪƷεķıʣ˵磬ܱûдҵأ
ǸԲ𣬶ԲҲǹģ﷢ҲԼĴ󣬺ĵǸ
﷢ҳĪƷˣȴҲڱڰģĪƷֲûۿдȥ
ĪƷεĿ﷢ôˣ
ûʲôƷɣղûɣʵǿЦģ﷢ڰĵԭΪĪƷˣЩ
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ܣܣܣ˵ĪƷɲ﷢ֿЦݡ
﷢ûߣĪƷٴεĸ˱ʣͬѧʻʲô𣿡
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Īϻ˸ӡ
ڼС鲼ͷߣŮ˵ˣѲͷɢˣԽ޻
˶ˣϲķߣôôࣿ
ǺǵĹͣĪ˵ã鲼ͷôˣ
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ĪӲЩ죬ֺãϲ̵ģ
ĪƷɻˣû취Ҫʡ͵ƣѧҵͲôؼˡ
ĪƷɺܹĽôˣĪ˵ڵ壬ĪƷˣڸӣܽȥﲻܳ𣿡
ĪڨڨЦˣŮ˵ĺЩû˭֪ôĽ
ĪƷɲ֪廹Ҫڶоĵط˵Ҳû飬֮ԻܽĪӣ֮ǰС˵ôдģ
Īӵˣû÷żҲûа취ǺСϪĪƷͷۣСϪ˶һıĪƷô򵥵㣬֪أ
ĪƷɵ˵ڱ䶴ȻҪͻ¶ˮ棬Ϳץˡ
ĪƷɰԭ룬ҪһӾͺˣʱֱӰʱ򣬰ˣȻ˭Ǹ㣿
ĪƷǲģĪƷɰҪһ˵þͱʾԣ˵ûҲûϵﲻǻке鲼ͷôкܶ鲼ͷһһģرխûаָʲôˣҲֻ޻ȡůһ;ˣ÷ֻһ;ǿӡ
Īˢͷõӣⶫͦõģһ鲼ͷˢˢ£ܸˢһЩȻٰ߳У红ҲæѾһѵ˿ˡ
㣬˴鲼ͷǵһһ㹻ˣõĻڳһӻǿԵģĪƷ˵ҪԵҲһýѧģһִַԣΪĪƷ˵ҪԵģ뵽ˣֻܾûϹˣҲ֪ܲã
ֻҪУĪƷɾоûϵôЩϣ
ĪƷһڿŬϿΣŬаͲһҪˣټŴķӸι鸺Σȴܺģ巣ְ塢վʲôĺĪƷŵסƤŲסŲסĻ˵
һ߻УôԴĪƷԼûִѧõļأӲûһļܡ
ˣɰĪƷɸûģִ٣ڹŴʮһ٣ĪƷôùŴĺӱִĴдﵽأ
ĪƷɸ˵ҪоˣͿȥˣ
õĸոպãխͷһܽʵȻĲͷֶ޷ָԼҵı˲ٵ˿統ĪƷůԲ࣬ǱȲëĪҶ˻ˣܹǻ֪ôأΪѶˣȻǸûǮµĲƥֻˡ
ĪҶһˣĪС١ĪСܻĪʫӨĪС˵Ҫ㣬˵òˣⲻ΢е㶯ĸӾͶѣڽΪĪƷɲȥѧòô

ʮ ߲
ĪƷεĿŲŸոĸܲͷ˯ģĸСܲͷĶˣģȥʱһǺòãڹԹԵ˯
˯𣿡ĪʫӨʣ۾Եر
˯ĪƷɵЦѵõ˯˭˯˭ɵӣԴŴҪѧÿʼ̰ڵ
ĪʫӨЩʧˣô˯أ˵˽Ҫ㣡
ĪƷɲĸܲͷˣĸСһѹûǣѾˣĪƷ˯İã
ĸܲͷôܲСǳʱ򣬶˯˯ǺõģûһҲٵĶ׷˯ˡ
ĪԭΪǶҪˣ˭֪ûһû˶ŵ߽һ˯ˣ㣡
ĪӲһЦ߱ӵССŮҴҴӣű߳ãջ𣡡
ǲ˵Ҫ𣿡ʣԴӼ޷ˣõϿʼЦݣ֮ǰţž
ֶ˯ˣĪҲһ
÷˶λøĪÿջһҸ飬ĪӻԽŻ飬ĪںΪ˵λ飬ĪȻ츳һ㣬ȴǺϲģ
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òǲ֪ĪƷɵ˼ֻǼûǮĿǰֻܽԼãҲû취飬룬ֻܵùҹ
ĪҲЩţԳɵҲ֪вУС˵ԣҲأҲжˣϾ⼸Ѿ׵ϡ
ûõ϶Ĵ𰸣ЩʧĪȴǱÿοͬʱҲǰοԼã֮ңҪǲУǵҲǰ׵õģ𣿡
ǣĪӵ⻰õٻָ
ϰʣµǵѼⶼ뵽һǳԵÿģþ㡣
ֻĪƷ̲סָûĪ˵Сִԭ֪ЩĪǳ緹ȻԵģΪʵûʲôˣáĪӾȻͷһԣǣͷѾˣûô
ȻʱĪƷɶ˷ˣСһҲ˵ñı˵ĿģĪƷɿ˻һЦֻϵЦûչأͿǼСԺһˣ
߽һˣƫݣ֣۾񣬺ǣʱһࣺСɣҪȥ
үү̣󲮣壬ĪƷɶòкҲǰүүûˣүү̵ĳƺ͸ִˣĳƺҲνƺҲǸƺѣˡ
ôһȺӣĪƷɾ֪߲ƣ
ĪƷЦЦүүʵûԵˣſܲҵԵģ
ĸСܲͷһôһȺ˽һµĺˣĪʫӨĪСͻСЩңôһȺˣкµĶĪƷɱ󣬱ĪƷɰοģʾ£
ĪŮǵк¶˴Цݣһȴû˵һ仰Ϻࡣ
ĪƷ⻰Īϸ˿۾ЩϸûŮǶƤˣܲζֻڲ˵µʱ
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ĪںȴǶź¶ͰЦݣϧڳСܲͷǾЦݸӿ£ų˼άĪƷ֪ܲĪںʲôЦݣ͵ֻ
Īȴһըģ˭һ£
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ĪƷˡ
Īû뵽Լĸ׸ĸ׻Լֵܻæӭ磬ܣãȻſĪôˣʲô𣿡
Īһࣺ˵ɣСҲ
ʵûĪ⻰ĪƷҲ뿪ģЦ·أ
һôһˣǿϺۿͿһ£뵽ǰ췢飬鰡˵ʲôͱĪƷɳһѣЦԼֲ飿
谵ķĪ˿ϣĪĿڵСɣ˵˵ҪС͵ǿûôһ£

ʮ ߵڰ
ǰһĻĪƷĺЦûΪֻҪİڳľǳϣĪƷɾóĪɵӰɣ
ԽίĵҪΪ
ĪһߵӣݺݵĵĪƷɡ
ĪƷɳסĪСٸĪСܳסֵܺߣĪ岻ݴǵǰȷʵСɲԣѾ˵ˣĪúףŮ𳤱ʵҲû˵
ĪƷɣ˼ҶǿӵרſӺӵ
ĪƷɱģĪӵĻͲˬˣĪСٸĪСҲΪԼĴ籧ƽȿֺĺǵģģ
Ȼͱϴˣ˰ɣˣǻѣ
Щҵı⣺ǵģûѡ
һ⣬ȴĵã˵ûѣ˼Ҹ𣿲˵ĸĻԼĺӣ˵ѣ˵˭ѣͱˣ
һʱͲ֪ôӦˣ˵ûѣҲ֪⻰˵ȥֽͲˣΪĪƷɲ𳤱ʵ
ָõ𣿶ɩˣ
ĪƷɿȥˣܱﵹæ𣿼ֱԽԽæ
ĪںĳĶĪƷɵСɣ˵⺢ӣôأҪѧõķ֪ˣôˣ
ĪСٸĪСֱܼţţģ
ĪƷһѣӿĪƷһŰĪƷɣ
ĪƷҲѾڲסĳԼһϣǶѾüͷĪүүȲû˵үүһ⡣үүҵңԼҵĵܵǣүүǵӹú𣿡
ã˵ĪҲζƽôҲûúôأǰûа취ȣ϶Ҳ߯ûˣ
Ը⿴ĪƷҪڣͲĪƷɿˣСҪɣͷСɣֻ㣬˵û˵С͵ǿҪ
ǲ˵ǰ𣿡ĪƷɲƢʳϡ
ֲɱ˲ŻĪƷ˵ǰϾ͵˵̲סĪƷ֮ǰôϬǴԼôãԼҲɵǸСӣǸСܸɶ
ϧҪʧˣĪƷɿɲɵϻȡ壬浱ԭ
ĪƷɾ͵ŶǾûУ
һ룬漴ŭ˵㿴Сɵ͸˵ѣ
ĪƷʵģԽԽƽͣ˵˵ǰģ˵ǰȻûˡ
Сӣ˵ѻҲ°̲סܻ䣬ΪĪƷɲϣҲûޣۿʤĪƷȴϣܲһʱʧȥǡ
Ȼˣڳ˿ɶĪˣ˵ĪӡЩĪںֻֻĶȥϸǴŭϣ죬˭أ϶Զ಻ģĪӶϵĶӣĪƷӣԼȴУô񶾵ˣ
ƽ˵Ļѻ˵ǲǾҪڰˣҲݺݵ˵Żۺݺݵĵųϣ
ϵĳάĪƷ벻ģһѣ
ϸŵˣΪţϴĥϱֶοɲ٣˵ˣ˵϶ʲôҲǿģϵﻹǺϵģڿϷŭϾˣֻίĵҲǹģǻϻ𣿡
ĪȻԼϱҲæԲϱˣֲǲ֪ǣǸûŵģղžǱС˵ѸͿˣ
Ī󽭳ڣϲûôٿڳԣֻǻЩĪ󽭻ԼĸײͱĪˡ
ֳһʱĸгƵģĪöͷۣԳϵĻҲСӵĻҲͲ棬ɫÿĵûˣӱ죬Ҳ죡
ҶˣĪֿĪƷɣΪʲôѣ
ĪƷˣүүǰ㲻֪ƾ˵ңҵ鷳ƾһ仰˵˵ѣ˵ʲôʲôǲ˵ԼɱҲ
磡ĪС۵ĿԼĴ磬ȻԼĴ磬Լ˺ί̲סۿĪСܲסˡ

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ҵĴĪҲۿ
ĪƷȴǸˣĸܲͷΧоůɷôﵹæǳǳˬˣܱ˵𣿡
˵ĪƷҲȴҷӦͶĪүү㿴𣿾ƾѾ챻ˣ
ĪƷʵǲ²죬ٲȫ˵Ҫˣүү㿴һ߿ڣƤǣ·ûôǶˣҵ֪ԼũУֻѼ˻ǮǶˣҪֻѼã֪ˣӲҪǼ֣ҪӲãˤڵˣҪҼѼӳԵľģҸ˵ǲȻ˵Ƕ׵ģȻݼ佲ʲôأΪҼѼӣ˵Ҳ𳤱ĹΣүүңһǲǸøһ㶼ܷ㣿˵ţĪƷɶ̲סۿ
ðԼͲԼǮȥ㣬ұҶҪ㳥һŭ⣬˵Ż񫣬˿ȥ£㣬û㿪
ֻһߺۣһԼԩģɩʱӦˣС˵С͵ǿҲҪ
үү̣ҵʲôԣǶ֪˵Ҳûһͨҵ˵ҳ棬˵ң˵ҲҲĺҾ͸ͬãǾ͵Ȼ˵ǿС͵үүԼӲҪףҵĴȻҵﵣұͷҵͬˣĪƷɵүү̣ǸңӦôǲҪôǣǶҪ˳ţŽоس
壬ҲңĪƷɲŲĪ󽭵أ첻˵Ҫ
үүӷּԺ󣬸ּһ¶ҪԼû⣬ҼԺ󣬾ͱڶˣʱģ˵㶫Σͣͷ˹ûнʲôһûǽùӲϣҼҺòеö֪Ժ϶ҪҪߣ˵˵ҪȻҵũУҵֻܸ˳飬ƽƽٳ࣬ӱѹ壬ǿԼٿǣ·ûôˣѾԲˣÿһףһ࣬߸˳ԣһֻһ٣ҵܵþҪڿϣΪʲôΪû·ǶҪǱˣǻŹǣôģôôģ˵ĹΣң˭ĹΣ˵棬ĪƷҲ̲סˣүүңǲҪˣŸģ
ĪúܲģҲĪ󽭺ͳŭȵ󽭣ϣǸӹ£
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ĪȻĽƱ磬ȴҿ˵үӸʵʵĹˡ
Ī󽭾Ǹ˰һĪˣҲ֪ˣԹˣֻĪ󽭺ôĪĶӣеģĪƷɵ˵Ҳίһ˼·
Ī󽭱߹±ߺԩ¶ҰҲ֪ôѣҪ֪ĻҲҶ趫ģҶþûˣ
ΪʲôҪ裬ԼûǮ𣿡ĪֻþǽƱ磡
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Լһ˼·Ҫǳû㣬ӿ϶ܸ£һ㶼꣡СӴТ˳أԶĴ
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˵ǳҵѼӣҲûŰС͵ǿ˵ҲҪʹƫģֹҲҼһǮɣֵ𣿡Ŵȣֵ

ڶʮ 
ĪͷˣǸϺ˵ЦˣүӲͿϣ˵ҲôйǷּҵˣǽ˼ҵĶҪ𣿡
ɣⲻֵǼҴ󽭿Ƕ׵ܵܰţҪǮǸⰡǮǸģ͸Ǹˣ
ֵҲأǷּҵˣҪô˵ǲںȥҽ趫ûֵҪеĻҲУںӽ쿪ʼҪûûȵľȥҽ裡ĪĵǴϺͿ
ɶأĪһȣϳϵĻϲаۿĪҪˣԼϵôԼöүӵԸЩӵĻ˽ģҪǶģǾûأʹĪӵԸãүӶõģ
ĪֻԼôôɵأôûԼǻ֮أĪҲˣ
ҵģû뵽Ī󽭻ŭԼһʱЩ㣬ȻͿĪʹɫϾͷӦˣνӵҲ˿ķ϶ǵҵģǼûǮô
Ī⣬ȴһΪѵĶĪҼҲȷʵѣǮҿ϶ǻỹģֻǣҪ
Īأ֪ĪӵүӺܿأ˵⻰תͷĪӣ磬ûɣܵʵûǮǲ뻹
ĪӲᣬǿ޵𣬰һӷּԺԽᵽﵽ۷壬ֻԼ̫ûˣΪ˸У
Īʱģʲô
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Щνײ裬ƽЩˣ͵Т˳ģĪƷһĹɡ
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ŵòҳۿżĶһİᵽ˼ȥҲ̲סۣصĿĪķҡ
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ĪͷԽĪƷǸúˡ
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ȥĪ󽭼Ұᶫͻ˴죬ڶĪҶ˵Ǵ£ΪЩļһȷʵǲˣȻԷ⻹ûõ
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Īʵǹµģ֪Ī󽭵˼Īǵ֮ٸĪģˡ
ȶˣҲû꣬ĪԳϸĪ󽭵ϣһ񶾣Īҿɾݲˣ

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ǵģԽ˵ԽȻʼలοҪĪƷƶܿԺðŵķۺˡ
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ɲ˵ܡʵҲͦѵģϧĵʱ˵˵㣡
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ǣðɣЩΪѣöˣô˵ҲݣûɣͷҪǱ˵ô죿
Ī̾Ǿ˰ɣǲˣѵҪС˵ʾͲһˡ
ãǾ׳ʿģ֪ĻΪҪʲôܴľһ

ڶʮ ߵĪ
ĪŴһȥ緹û˯⣬뵽ͱĻš
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ʲôҳȥȦĪ
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ϿĪӣҲЩĪ߼ˣæСﰡо仰˵ʲôʲô𣿡
Ǿӱʮ겻Ī
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¶Ī󽭶ĪҲвĪȷʵûй˼ֵ꣡
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Ī˼ֱ̫ˣֱӾͰĪզأСǹүүˣ
ûУүүĪﲻɵʸڷϡ
ĪҲڱϰԲˣСﶮأô治뷨˵ţͶĪȵˣСȥɣ˳㿴ܵûѣ
ĪסˣȥСվ
С£ĪЦ
Īɫѿĵû¶С£ѵҲȻд˽̵ġ
ĪĪﵹҲû̫ãСүү㣬Ϊʲôүү

ڶʮ ϴ
үүΪʲôôƫĶǣǼҵĶߣȻʮ꣬Īﵽ׻ǸӣǸûôĪôʣҲﲻסˡ
ĪĪǼҵĶȷЩǼҵСղСǰߵģӶĶȻǽȻҪǶٰѶ𣿡
Īһʱ˵ʲôֻĪﻹǺܲģԼҵĶĪҲ֪⻰ү϶˵ͨġ
ĪүӲ˵Īﻹ飬ֻĪȴһ뷨ö̫ݣһ㶼֡
Īүȴǲ֪ΪĪԼ˵ͨˣЩģղ¶Ӱӽ̵ֵģʵҲˣֻĪĪүӵĻиоүӱȽŶԲ˵ѡ
ĪүĪȥˣĪЦҾ˵Сﶮأ
Ӷ£ôô£Īүѵ˵ˣģ㿴ֶӣݳƤˣ˵ô۸磿
Īæǲ֪
֪治֪Ǽٲ֪Լ֮ǰڶǸӣΪ֪Ƿ϶϶ϱ˵۸ɩȥǼռˣɩҪǮֵܣҲͲ˵ʲôˣԼҹʲô˵ôôݵأĪݺݵѵС˵ûǴװͿ
Īæԩԩ治֪飬Ҫ֪ĻôҲֶܿûԲǣҲֶӣ¶ܳϡ
ҲѹҶʱҶ綼û˵ʲô治֪Ī߿ࣺȻôҲ°룬Ҫģҿ϶ҶҪǽˣ
ôģĪԣɫЩֻǰŰɵĿĪ󽭣Ī󽭵˵е
Ī֪Īô˵Ϊ˸˳ϺЩˣΪֻ֪ҪǴĪģֻҪûҪĪӿ϶ͲҪ
ȻˣĪ󽭻ûԼԩӲùǺﲻ㣬ҵʱŶɩ϶ǲһԲȥģҲû˵ҾΪô۸ɩˣô˵Ҳԩ
Īɵ´Ī󽭣˵ô
漴ĪֶĪ󽭵ϱ¶ô˵ɩ˵ˣѼӵģϱǿҪҲѹСôϱڸģСɣ
Ī֪Լϴ׾ͲˣҪҲΪ¶ԣϴףϾ趫ʱĪӴû˵衣
˵ĪҶ֪ùҲȷʵôù
ֻĪƷ˵Īһ룬֪жѹˣΪ²ؼֻԼˡ
ĪҲǺֲǲ֪ǾǸģҲǲ֪ģͷҿ϶úõѵ¶˵Ҳݣ
Īôһ˵Ī;Ī󽭻ͦģĵ
ɫ׺ÿţúøϱ˵˵ͷ٣˵ϱ˼ôڻֻǶֶӣҪһ죬иʲôأԺúý̽ϱɣ
Ҫ˵Ī󽭸Ī˵ô໰ûйģĪ仰Ī󽭾ˣԭܼ򵥣ΪԼҲǸ˽ˣ
Ī󽭵ĵģҿ϶úý
ˣĪҲͷˡ
ĪãĪ󽭾Ϳʼ߿ࣺҲ֪εȻǲ֪飬Ҳд˵ҲÿڵģֻҲˣĲùܷһӣĪ̽ţĿɬһ¶Щ϶ҪģȻ꿪ĵء
Īʵֻ΢ãΪĪǱߵ¶֪ôأ
Ī߿࣬ĪҲ֪Ī󽭵ĻҲ飬ֻܾˣǵ㣬ǵҲûǮҼһ¶ҲȿʱҪʵûˣ翪ڣ϶ģ
ĪףҲûжǮּˣ˵ײı϶϶пܻĻͱ뻹ˣ˵ˣѹѣҲǷݶϣ
Ī󽭶һ£Ҳ˵ʲôϾھ˵裬ʵĸ֮ǰһ⣬˾ͲûģϴģôܣǴϣɩҲϵģ

ڶʮ 
ĪֻƳȥˣ黹ãԼҵҲûԼô
ĪƷɴŵܵǵǸ߸˵СϪȥСϪҲʵˣʱ򾭳С
ĪƷɿ˰죬˸طΪʱСӻܱĪƷ߽߰ģˮֱȽĵط
ȻĪƷõþӸΪ˷ֹ˶ѣһСʱĪƷڳһˣŪһҪĶȻĪƷСİ˰춼ûеȵһ㣬˵Ǵ˷ܵͷĪƷɶʧȥˣָĪСٸĪСǰЩʯͷԲͲεģܿᣬĪƷҪĿսߣĪƷɾͰܣʯͷѹס
ٵһû㣬ĪƷֻܴĪСǻȥҵҪĻˣҪһθչʱ򣬾Ϊǵ£ӷĿɲˣŴ巣治һܵģˣ
࣬û
ǻЩεʵô𣿡
ûУĪСһɥĵΪôܴһأ
ʵĪӼֿտյĻ֪ˣûʣͦɥģ͵û£ûû㣬࣬һǾܳˣ
ĪʵҲʣĲˣǳԿ϶ǲеģǼʵû¹ˣڽ컹ʣʮҳⱾͳˣȥʮǮţĪӻǶ
޷Ҳ䣬ϵ¶ҲУī׽붬дڳдȽůͣҲдţȵ̨󱳿̨į̄ϣͲˡ
˵Ѿˣ˻һŶһͿԳˣ
ĪСٺܶ£ҪȥæɣҴŵܵȥɽټ𣡡
УС٣Сܣȵпˣȥ񣡡ĪӲӦҪʱĻǱǧģټն𣿡
ΪﾭѣĪСٸĪСܶûȥѧҲû취飬ʱĪү˵ˣȻûзּңĪںǶˣ׵ܰѾܲˣСһĶͽЩĸˡ
ҲȷʵǣĪүⱲȷʵףڹŴҹܹһ˵£ĪүܰӶͽѧãɲģȻﻹеǮѾ൱׵ˡ
Īүһ˵ñ˵ľ֮ǰøԼ˽Ǯģ˵󷿣˵ľǶʵģֻĪƷȥѧö飬ڷּˣһÑ֪أ浽Ǹ˵ĪƷɶûö
ĪԼţԼҵӻǿԵģֻʱڳϣֽʵĻҲûиǣƽʱǼһ½ǱУȻֵ֣ĻʱǱˡ
ұˣĪСٵ
ĪСҲģҲˣ
飬Ҫûٱ˾ͰٿˣĪӷԸ
ĪƷɼĪֹԼɽҲͲˣҲҪдҵùԼͷ೭һηӲҵҪѡȽƪԨƪ·ƪƪˣһֻûأ
ҪִƪȻǼˣˮдˢˢģ첻˵Ҫд֣ͿҺһ¾ͿԣŴУҪǳͨƪһֶֻҪһֽдֽ֣ϵˣҪд
ǰдһƯĸֱ֣ŴëдøƵģԼȥˣҲû취飬֮ǰΪ˸Ͽҵֻܱ֤ȳд꣬Ժ˵ҪСʱҲѧë֣ëôնᣬԺôëдǿӦ˿ҵѾˡ
ĪƷҪץʱдҵҪƪйĪƷȻ֪ȱٳдٶ죬ű飬ĪƷɾͿʼĬľĪӡ
ĪӳֵʱרģĪСٸĪСܺܶµĽĻ鱳УĪʫӨĪСҲܶµĻط˯ңһһЬӣһ׶Ьһʱ仭˵ĺг
ʱ䲻֪߹Īӳˣֿʼʱ򣬾ִһ꣬һ½ǣʵůͷ̨ϣ
ĪƷɰƪˣȻЩİͣǳʱÿԱ߳Ĭϵʱټһ顣
ĪҪд֣һĪƷд֣ʱüͷ΢壺Сɣô˲ôࣿ

ڶʮ Ī
ĪƷĪƷɸЦ⼸ӲõĿҵȽ϶࣬дĿһЩ겻ɣ
ĪüͷûɿѧϰˮۣˣҪãֽ֮ףд־֣Ҫúϧ
Ī⻰ҲûԼôģﾭòԣÿдֵĻϧ͵֡
֪ˣ´һעģĪƷɺγдˣëĻûϰߣ
ĪĪƷɵ֣ĪƷɶĪӵֲ棬쿴һۣ˵ĪûݹʲôңֻͦƯģٿĪдֵʱرרעĪƷɾ֪ĪӾôģʵĪҲͦ׵ġ
ĪƷȻдë֣ɼʶеģĪӵֿžƯ
ĪĪƷٿԼ֣Ҳʲˣԭȸ˵Ҳüôҵͦ˷ѵģҲдһЩ
֪ʲôʱɫˣû˷Ӧֱﴫ춯ĪƷɲžѾˡ
ĪʫӨ·ȵ߳ãʲôʱԳѽ
ϾͿˣæˣոһ˫Ьͷɫʼˣȥؽһ˳ĥϾˣȻҲûĳԵˡ
ĪƷɵĿҵ㣬ֻʣ¼ʮ֣ĪƷɰӰᵽ棬ʣµļֶдˣҲ֪ǲĪӵӰ죬ĪƷɵֺԽдԽ˳Ҳû֣ȻƷٶȣʵٶȲ֮ǰġݡ
Īȴվ˸ڰⱾ鳭ˣ뵽ҪõֵʮǮĪӵͺܺá
ԷʱĪûʲôʳ޲˵ĪӶĪƷɵСɣһȥϣ
ôȥˣĪƷʡ
鳭ˣⱾʮǮĳͣʱʱǾͲˣĪܺõĵ
ĪƷҲˣǿãⳭôǮģʮ𣿡⼸˰춼û뵽һǮķӡ
ǿûУڳⱾǲʮģΪȽϱҪǺˣ߰ʮģеϰģʫЩģһǶʮģģټЩǮһȻҪֵģֻܱȳ˵ĸһЩĪ˵
ԭĪƷĶĪӹĿ࿴ԭΪĪӾǸһأû뵽һֺ֡
ĪƷɵĿĪӺãܲϰߣͬĵˣûҲС򣬲ԵõֺÿʵȵֺÿĶȥˣʱСɿ˵ҪЦģ
ĪƷԼڿһ䣬ôϸˣ뵽˵ĺĪƷֻܸЦŶһ
ĪֵСȷʵҪúˣ
ĪƷɲ˵ˣ֪Īӻһ˵Ͳˣˣ
ôԲ˵ģСɲҲǿ㻹˵ӣǵģȻĪƷɵСɣĻϣҲΪã
֪ģĪƷɻô֪
ʹֻϡɴȴԵúܿģõ¡
ϴŴ˭ò˲֣׼ȥš
Ī߳õãæģȥţ
ôˣĪһƣվԺ档
ôĪ߽
ĪԺӣĪĪӣĪҲϣĪӵˣ˵仰ߣ
ӣ˵Щ¶ģû˵㣬ǸӣĪһҪûˣҪӸûǮǲ˵𣿲˵ҪҲаһԣܵ趫Ҳأ㿴Ѻģ㲻үүĶۣ
ĪεĵԲ𣬶ûãϲˣ
Ī̾Ҫ˵ʵ治ϰףԸĸҲТ˳̫ˣ̫ʵˣ鶼ЩɵˣЩͨ񣬲ȻɺǶӣҲһ
ĪѵĪһѵ⣬Īӵ̬ôãĪѵȥ
Īֻת룬οԼҲʲô£Ȼ֪ӲףͷԼͶ࿴˵㣬϶ҲʲôóģԼˣôİѺǣ
Īˣ´£ʲôòľ͹ңԼɵ㶵ǵĲҲۣɶӣҿɲӦ

ڶʮ 
Ī֪ܲĪĺģԺԴлл
ĪãĪͣȻóһ鶫ĪӣӣĵҲûУһǵģȥãóԵĲ
ˣҪǮأǮԼţǮĪæƾܵ
ˣҲôæŻŵģǮôˣ㣬ͽţסңгкȣòǮĪǳ
ĲãʵҲûôѣҪҪҵȥĪܽܣԼּˣôҪ׵Ǯأ
ˣС㣡Īٴκǳ⣬ѹͱˣǮҲǵĲҲǵĴּҵʱ˿
ԿˣֵܣзеôСҲһģĪҲѹүѵ⣬֪ܲǮЩ
Īٴ̾úǺúӣЩ̫ɵˣ˵ҪĪ󽭸Īֵкһ£ĪԼҲòôģ
ӣ˵һǵģͽŰɣҲѣҲģĪ
ĪӼҪǮĲҪ˵ˣҵĻͷҴ֪᲻˵ģ
Īʲô˵ģҪ˵Ҳ˵˭֪
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪĪ
Īѽ̸ӾĪϺݺݵ£㻹ѵǰɣ
ҲǣĪӵ
ǣǵĻͰӸˣҲǸģǸҵĸӣһŮģֲǸģզôܾأ
ĲУĪô˵ĪӾǲգľӣûĪ
ΣĪֻܵҪǮأ͵ǵģǮٻ
ˣǮҽֳһ飬ܽȥʮǮأĪӵ
˵Ī쵽ʮǮĪҲĪӸˣֻǰ㵱
˵ģ϶ҵʲôģĪæ
ȻһˣҪգҲҶˣĪĵ
ĪӺΪѣĪ˵ôôأ˵ˣǮģͷǮٻģʱҪǮˣҪûҪ˵ҲҵˣҿûôԽҪӶԼӵɵӣ
Ī˵ݶˣĪﻹƣֻܽӹ֣صĵллģȶǮˣͻ
ĪѾ˵ûˣԽôˣٲȥҪ˻ˣɲУ
ĪǮԼţ˭˵磬ܣɩӣϱ㣬Ƕ˵֪𣿾ǺǶ¶
Īǆµ̫ɵˣͷԼûñˣҪǱӸϱ֪ˣԼ϶᲻С˵ԹԼϾĪǮû衣
֪ˣİɣСɸã˭˵ĪҲʲôﲻ֪үǱϴԼǮԲŻôҲΪʲôһֱյԭ򣬾ǵ
Īһ˵һҪǵĪƷɻΪЩĻԹޣĪƷɴӽǸ׵ģĪţֻĪĪһҪñܹ
ĪķĹĪӵȺġ
˭ѽʵ
ǵˣĪӵ
þȣǵأôû
˵ˣĪӵ
ǵʲô𣿡õĵʣûɣ
ûУǸǮˣұ˵Ҫģǵ˵͵ǽģĪӵã֪ͳɣ˵ȥȻҲ
ţ֪ˣþȣǲ֪صģϾ͵ͷӦˣԹǺܸмģѩ̿ĺܲףǽġ
ˣһȴţͷҪûҪͲҪˣĪ˵
ĪƷɻǵڶϲ֪飬ĪӸ˵ҲΪĪƷ֪˸иѣǼȣԶˣԳҪһݣ
дôãҾǿȥһĪдֻ֮صġ
𣿡ĪЩɡ
ôˣôãƽǴ׵ģҲæдôҾó˶԰дţҲǮأĪƷЩ˷ܣΪ⣬û˯þ

ڶʮ лܵĹװ
û취ССأǰѧĶûһõϵģԸûʲôõ׬Ǯ⣬Ҳǵɽˮˣ
ˣ϶кܶ˶ҪҾȫǿԵģĪƷɹĶĪӣǾ԰ɣһҪȥ𣿽ʮǮǿϼźֽҪǵľһ㣬óȥȥҲԼã͸ˣҲ˱ҪأֽС١СܸæãȻдǿдһЩȻ󻹿Դϱīֽ⣬д˵ˣ͵ˣ
Ҫ˵ûбĪ֪ģҳԣĪƷ˵Ĵһ㣬Ҫʵȥ͸ҲǺõģ
ĪӵĶˣǰЩֽˣԵĻԸһ룡
Īû¶ʵûף⣬ܳ𣿡
ɲɵģ£˵һ齻ǼķıҪǵкֽҲȱҵĹֱдĪƷɼĶ
ȻĪӵӣЩĵĶֽҲּ֪֣ҵ˼Ǳ̫Ҳ̫õģǾеȵģҪ̫ĻģҪǵģͰѼķıùôԼȥֽīֳдһӺǮ
ĪԽԽĶǺ⣬ֱģȥ飬ʺֽǮҪǲһȻһؼķıȥ̯
Īû飬ĪƷҲû飬ĪƷɺôִˣһϢըʱĪӺôʶ㡱һ㡣
ĪƷ·ţܾʲô¶ûأĪƷûĪӿʼ־ҪԼ⣬ûףĪƷⶼʶĪӾͰĪƷɵĹˣˣĪʵû׷ţ
Сɣ˵ʱдһ˳ƽҸ꣬Ǹ飬㿴ôĪʡ
ȻˣرĪھȱģĪƷʹĴ
Īͨͨģ⺢ӣϹ˵ʲôأƽģܸˣС˷ܣĪƷɣСɣľò
ȻˣĪƷɸĿ϶
ĪһӰˣУһӭӭϲӭ󣬽ӸӲƽƽ⣡
رĪƷ˴Ĵָ
⺢ӣ⺢ӣĪĪƷɲôô˵ģʵ̫ˣ᲻˵ֻô䡣
ϲӭļƽЦɰ˷ƣǼǸգĪӵ
ĪƷɿ˷ܵøƵĵĪӣȻůůģޣܺãرİ
һ˳ãⲽߣ帣ţţ
ȻˣĪƷҲǷܵĿޣĪʾʵЩҾЩԣ
ʲôԣĪʡ
˵˵Ǹ̼֮ˣдԴĶܻӭĪƷ˵˵һЩٵģˣĪƷû˵Ϊ˼ҶԼд
ĪƷɱԷһһ򾡵˼룬ҲĪûʲôŴ䴺ġ
ϧ˰û뵽ĪƷɺȻЩԱˣЩִԽŮȥŴĸʫ鰡ȻǳģɶҲҪлصŴä˵ѧ
޾֮·뵽ǰС˵ĪƷɻ뵽˼С˵ģҲǱȽϼ򵥣ĪƷɼǵãҲ￴ˣҼǵҲмҾúܲ㿴ɲԣ˳һаٸƽֵǧ𣻺£ƽգʱϲӯţƽӭ󴺣ӭɸϡĪƷ˵һ룬;ﲻԣס졣
ĪӸղͷּĻƣ˷ܵԸӣһʱҲûӦæʵأ
ĪһӵӣĪƷɶˣһ˼ǲɣڣҲԣ
ͿӾˣܵĹװ簡С˵ףϿڵľԣ˳Ҳͼˡ
ãʵ̫ˣĪӼòУСɣⶼ￴ģ
ˣþˣҲͦõģĪƷɵУ˫ҹУ˫ϲţȷǣʱ⡣
ĪƷɸоԼϱӼǹжˣ˵ĪƷ뵽ʱ˺ϲ˳⣬뵽һǧžԣʹִû˭˵Ե÷ǳõġ

ڶʮ 
ҪĪ˵ֵȱ𼤶˵ģĪӼðĪƷɸղ˵ĶһһĬ׽ԽԽرĺã
ĪӶ˲˵ˣĪƷΣæסЩƮĪӣȱ𼤶˵
ãã˵ĪӾԼ·ڷɣ
ò˵ȷʵƮˡ
һһӣûдҲ֪ΪʲôĪƷɵ
ʲô˵˵Īʡ
ĪƷɵǵÿɲףôĴԽС˵ŮǱõĶ
ĪͻȻһסĪƷɣСɰ￴ôöϽ˵ҪúõȥЩʵ̫ˣ
ҲǵˣǺǸʲô±ɣֻаӣΪʱдҲע⵽ģ֪ĪƷһһ飬˵
ĪƷɺȻЩڸĪ˵ôˣЩɶǧöԣϸ룬ˣĪƷҲ˵ˣΪ뵽֮ǰеʱʦ˵һӣΪرأסˣƳˮ䡣
ѽϧʵ̫ϧˣҪң˵ʲôҪⱾãʵ̫ˣĪӻڵֱĴȣرź
ĪĪƷɿЦãô䣬һʱôͲˣĪӻΪһܳôడ
ҲĪǸû۵ģĻĪƷɾҪˣ˵ĪƷɻǺҵģһĪӵĺͿŵ㣡
֮ĪƷɾͲ˵ˣĪﷴ߶ص߶ֱϣĪƷɸоԼ䶼ˣĪħĪӻ֪Ҫʲô¶ô
ۿҪԺҪֿˣĪƷæһס߶߶Īӣȱ֪߰һҪʲô𣿡
ĪЩȻʲô
ѰҪиɶǼҿɾû˻·˰ǼһҪأɲɵѽʱĪƷĪӵĸ첲صĻ壬ͼãȻĪӸѣҪ֪Īŵˣ˵ǲ̼ĪƷ뵽˷о٣ѵô³һѣ
Īӻҡˣʵôʲ׼ȷ˼ұûɵѵö̲ס£ڶȥʲôоٳʲôϵ
ĪЩμӺЦСɣ⶯Ҳ߯³ˡ
ҪĪӳִƾͻĪƷһ䣺СͯЬЦ
ˣĪƷɻЩ㶵ġ
ĪӸѵ÷ɵŮЦˣʲôѲѵģûɵ֪һҪȥ飬ȻһֽȥˣȻȥ̯ҷԲԣ
ԣԣĪƷɴͷԵĽԺֱϲŷӦŶԭûɵ
ȻĪƷҪˣûɵղǱʲôĪƷɱʾԼһ
˵Īȥ˷˸壬ҲкֽǵĺֽȽϹҪһĪӾûתȥӻ̣ûⶫĪӻ治֪ⶫҪȥӻĺֽĲֻҪʮһҲ˾ˣĪҧҧҲˡ
ʣµʮģĪһĲףһĳףҲû취ģûʳˣٲȥҪˡ
ĪҲ֪׳Զ˶岻ã׸ײųԣҲԣôӱȽҪ
²װһһͻʮһǮʣµģĪʵ᲻ʲôˣ뵽һҪдĪͻȣ
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С˵ԳдЩȥҾֽĪӵãҰֽˣ
⣬𣿡ûɣ𣿡
ҾӦûɣʵĪҲеûףС˵ȥĻҲˣʱ͵ǰˣ
ҲУȻˣ԰о͵ǰˣôһ룬Ҳûôˡ
ˣ㣬֪ʲô£˵ȥˣֻȥˣð׵׸ףףеףֻĪƷԣ
û˵ʲô𣿡Īʡ
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ֽĹ֪֪ĪҪôãҵģҪôã

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źֽôģźеģŲСģȻʣµĲú֣ĪӶˣĻ
ĪһĥīһʵСأղȥҲûˣ
ЦСٸСϷ˵ҪȥҲãȻʫӨСɴǴı˵˵أ
ĪӺЦ춼û㣬ôУнСĵ𣿡
û˵ҲҪǮõ
ĪĥīһֽѸղĪƷ˵ļԼԼĶĬдղˣһͰʱ˭ܶԳ
ʵĪЩźģĺֽȻãĪƷ˵⼸ѶҪϺõĺֽϣϧ
ֽúˣĪӿʼдʣµĺֽܿϧҲûа취飬ֲõĺֽСʣµ˱ģԲóС֣ȻĻܲóɴ֣ɼʹʣº߽ܶϣúܿϧ
Ҳûа취飬ĪĶԣзԣСԣʮһСʮĸʣµľȫǱ߽ϣЩŻͦģɾûãúۡ
ú޲ʲôܰЩʣµƴһдÿϧĪӶܿϧҲû취顣
ʹ˵ЩûãûЩֽͷпԵ֬ãлȵȵҲá
ֶģдԺĪӾͰѶ££
ʣʹ⼸ȥ𣿡
ţ԰ɣҪǲеĻԼҲУҲУĪӵ룬Īְѱīֽϡ
ЩҪȥʲôʡ
С˵ṩֽңҲ԰дıһЩĪӵ
Ҳͦõģ˵óǮǮʵ
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Եģڼչ˺ǣĪӵ
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ʵϣĪҲû뵽⣬վĽֵϣĪɵۣ⣬Ҫôȥ
Ī룬ȥĪƷɣҲǵĵĪƷɵϿΣԵѧ¿ˣ˽ȥĪƷɳ
ĪƷ˵˺ͲµĪӣһϿζĲɵģĪӵ鲻֪ôˣ
Сɣ˵ȥأУǵĶǮһĪĪƷЩͷ۵ʵԽûˣЩĪƷɵġ
ĪƷɶԶۻ治Ҳû⣬ȥѾʺˣ͵˵ٽ֣ʲôĶУܶ˶ȥ̯ӣҲ࣬ȥһĪƷʵС֡
˵۸һ£ͬ
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ĪҲǾ鷳ɵһȥˣֽˣȥﶼҪȥĪӲͷƤҲֻߡ
ǵȥʣ˵ͬĵǰɣĪȷϵ
ԣͽƣȥʱ̬Ⱥõ㣬ôãÿ϶ǵĶ࣬׼ûĪƷɵϴο︸Ǹ˻ͦġ
УǵˣĪӵ
ĪˣĪƷɲһԴ˵ôűīҲûһⶫôѽ
˵Īرң︸֪ԼȱôĶ︸˵ĪĪƷɵĸףӡΪ﷢ĪƷɱȽ﷢︸ǰüĪƷɡ
ڼ϶Զ˵ľأ֪Īţ︸ͦģĪ︸͸Ī˵Īûã϶ȥƽǶǮŹдģ۸ĻǴһзСġ
ҿֽ׼ˣǴһʮȫʹãеʮǮСľǮ︸Īӽ顣
Īûף⣬᲻̫ˣ˼ֻдҲǮԼⰴʮ㣬оЩģ
Ī︸øУֻ˵ģӹģ
︸϶ĵ󣡡
ĪӻǾЩʵûף±̯ӣ˵Ǽ̣Ҳÿģ
︸һ£ֽĪҪùҿҪͶһʮǮеľǮСİǮ

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ȻĪӷʵ۸ĲˣĪúֽһʮǮĲѧֵǮĶǶ򵥼ӹһ¶ҪЩȥοѧʶأɲһеĶ
Īֺÿȱ˵ĺãҪ˵ʮȫʹãҪˣ㻹˵أΪҪ˾ùģȥд˵ǲǣ︸˵
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Īӱ˵۸Ҳˣ︸һ˵˻ˣʱͲٽˣɼ۸ˣֵȥɲ︸ôġ
һʱЩ֪ôˣ˰죬Ī︸˵Ǯʣã
ʵҲǸ飬ĪԼãҵĻһʮһ︸
ĪҧҧǾʮһеľͰʮ㣬СľͰ㣡־˰ɡ
ĪӽԼĽ飬︸ҲͦõģͶĪֽĪҿ㻹˱į̄ǲֳд
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ĪֺãҿİɣеĸСľͶġ︸ҲǸоĪ˻ôʵĸĪӽ飺Щ֣СһǮһţǮһţҪǶԷúֽдģһǮСһ󸣣
ĪҲܸл︸Ľ飺̫ллˣ
Īˣ︸ˬʵЦˡ
Ȼ︸ͺĵĪԼϰ̯֪ĪûдκεĶԼӸӸƳĪãԼС¯ĪӣĪӺܸлС¯ĪӾܾˡ
ĪŷԼǵ̫ˣ︸æ֪ôţ
ˣ︸ĪӿţһģСģС˰š
ĪȻ᲻ãǱʾҪ͸︸
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ĪӼ︸ĲȫܣҲȽϺãͽˡ
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︸ʣ²ˣʹյĪĪߺȣŹдĴƯв˻ȥϣ֤˳ģ⣡ʶǸĪѧأ
Īͨͨģȳ
︸ĪӵĴǿˣʱû۹ʱȫˣҲֺ֣ûȻ︸ôһ˵һףԽԽÿҪֺÿˣһģģϾҶͼòͷȻûǮǼﲻԣģеĶҧҧһ
︸ĪӵֺܿˣãȥдȻˣ︸ĹĶĪȥֽдҲ԰æ
ĪȻ˼︸飬ϼʵǾȣĪӻȥ˺ֽֽĵţǮԺĪӾд︸ڱϰŲֽĪӾ͸дҪûˣͰæã
дֱ֮ǰдõĸܻӭΪĪӿԸݶԷҪһ£ȻѧʶޣǿӦˡ
︸ҲˣʣµҲŹǻһЩͷǲģȥԼҳҲʹá
︸ǸˣͦϸģֽֽٶȱÿˣĪӾֻƼдͿˣ漰ѧô˵Ķ︸ࡣ
ȻĪҲ͹˲ϸ︸ˣСů¯Լϣдֵʱţ˽ܡ
֪идֺõ߿Լźֽде˵Ը죬˲ˣ캮ضģֳڱ¶Ǻ׽ģΪǮĪҲͺƤһѣ
ʵҲ칫ˣǸ죬̫ϻůģûô䣬ֻܵˣֻʱԽ䣬û¯ͲС
ֵڼ䣬ҶʼԽϻǺֵģƽֻϵʱЩ
︸Ī˵ĺֽɴˡ
︸Ī˵ĸмҪû︸æޣǳŲ
棬︸غֽһʮڶֱʮ︸ԲģʮֽùֻС˼һµġ

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ֱĪƷ˿Σ˲ŽЩĪӸ︸йӶСҲɿ
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﷢֪ĪƷɵĸҪȥһѧرĵĪƷǰƷɣһ߰ɣ϶
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ãĪƷȶ︸֣ĪӣôʵʣĪƷɨһصĺֽ֪ĴӦĲˡ
ĪǳĺãܲﲮȻⶼ֪ܲչأ
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һͨæĪӶ︸ܸмԷǿɽ֮ˣ˾Ϳʼֵˣ֪︸Լ곤ͳΪ磬︸Ҳƴǡ
ɲǿȷʵǰҺܶæСʵǸмĪʵĵ
︸ĪӵİȷʵǲС֮ǰӽӣԼ̯̯ˣһֱ߰æҪ︸ޣĪӾչˣ϶Ҳô࣡
ֻС£ӿɱ˵ˣ˵ˣܸŹ֣ĺ£ҿ˲ټʶأҲܸˣͱлңҶ˼㽻ˣ︸ˬʵЦ
⻰ĪҲȻˣãлСģ磬ԺҪʲôҪæģֻҪǴģĪҲӣ
ѽʵ̫ˣȻô˵ˣǺðɣ︸ҲĪǲϲǷˣȻһҪʲôرĪӵ̬
ĪӸҪ˵ʲôˣڲúõֽŻкܶ࣬ҪһģСģһСģţСš
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︸ܾˣˣһߣڻȥҲûʲôˣ﷢︸˻ȥĪƷȻ°æˡ
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︸ξܾˣˣڼ˷أҲҪȥ
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︸µĪҼҾãԻģĪӣӣ費ҪЩؼң
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УǾ߰ɣ︸룬⼸ȻǶĪӣȻϻž޿ⲻǴ׵ķô

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ҲΪʲô︸ҪĪӻؼҵԭ
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Ӱжʮģȥʹ׻ôݿɲУҪԱģϴԼ˰죬ͳůůµĶʮöͭǮĪӵϣ
ĪȵͭǮĬˣʵĸ׵ƫγ֪ĸ׸þҲоܸɣСԱȽϲĸ׻ϲҲ֪⣬Թĸ׸ǰҲӦӦֵġ
Īû뵽ĸ׻ԼǮֻǶʮģʮĵķᡣ
ĪӵĪжҲƾˣˣӽдһЩˣǮԼʹ
ϵдǮ˵ˣǮҲǸģǸҵŮģ׻ԣһһͣԵôϡܵˣģǮˣҲ֪Ǯ࣬ﲻʲôæҲһ⡣
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⻰ʵ׵ĪӲûйľøĸ󣬻Ѿ御ˣ֪㡣
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ӣĪӶ˲ϳԷʱҪˣ൱ȥĺֽɲ٣տʼһٺʮЩǶˣȻʮֽҲʮڼʣ¶ʮҵĺֽ֮⣬вٴӼúֽĪдģȻĪӱȱ˹˵㣬ȷʵǺá
˺ϰԣƽڼԼӹÿ࣬ɷڵʱ򣬶ŲǮ󷽲١
︸ĽմҶΪӣָòͷģĪӵֺãûʲôǮ˶ҧһֵĴοеǮأ
ԼʹһģҲе
ĪƷסĪӣǻȳԷɣҶӶҪˡ˷㲻٣ҪǲģǾСٰæ㣡
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ȻҲĽ⵽ôؼ˵壬ҲСɻȳԷɣҸСٿ԰æ㣡
ĪҲУϲİװǮİ򿪣ȻڴϣһͭǮĪҶʵ̫ˡ
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ĪƷҲˣҲû뵽ĪôǮ⣬Ӧһǧİɣ
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ϲĪӺۿʵ˵ֻĪƷɵļΪĪƷɵ⣬ôǮ

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ǼǼĪͷÿޣĪ۵ᣬֻǿĪƷһۣ˻ȥ
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᣺̫ˣȻϲֶŰǮ
ȻĪӿʼܵĽǮľ︸İ
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Īһ£ֵ֣ͷҪúõлл磡
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ĪӵţĪƷɶĪӵѼëǻͷѼë£ⶫһûҪڴ¥϶ɱѼӵģҹŻһǮһѣʱٸһЩ²ѣ˵أ
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һĪҶ˯жЦ⡣
Ȼ︸˵ȥĪӻǸĪƷһȥϣһĪƷҲиĸĿԷһЩĪҲʱȥռѼëȥƥǴȥׯЩ鲼ͷ¶ĪӶԳׯкøС
ˣһƺˣ̵ø߸߶ģ︸ų˵ܹʮģ
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ĪӸ︸磬һͷٸϸ˵
︸Ҳû룬ⷽ︸Ŷ壬УҸ˵ȥƹˣѼëⶫûҪǵС˵ûѼëó㣬ѼëҪĻǮǵС׼ܰÿѼëţ
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ʱֻҪģĪӹֵллˣԼȥɣ˼ҿϸ֧оͲˣﻹ鷳˰
︸ҲûĪӸô˵Īӣ︸ȻҲģ֪Ǹɵ˵ӣ
ĪӰѶ︸ߣͿʼѼëóˣ︸ָȻĪ˵ÿĿİģɺô鶼ˣĪӻǮʮֻѼӵѼë

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ĪƷȥԥʲôˣԼȥسӺˣԼͷҲжʮǮ
ǮˣĪҲûĪƷӣԲϸʮǮҪʲôҪԼȥټ֮ǰĪӸǮͷҲжʮǮˡ
ĪƷȥѧ˼٣˳СϿҪʼǣͷҪ֪԰ĪƷɵæСظĵžž죺ƷĵĻȥչɣһѽӽĶģҪǼǲұ˽ȥ
ĪƷȥٽӣ֪ʲôģ·︸̯ӣĪƷͣ񣺡ﲮã
ƷɣôûȥϿΣ︸ʡ
ţˣٻȥչĪƷɵ
ˣû°ɣ︸ʵ
ĪƷɵû£Щ纮
Ҫúչţô䣬һСľͻ纮ˣԼҲעһ壡︸֪ĪƷû˵ʵҲûʣֻ˳һ⣬ݸĪƷɣƷɣﲡˣﲮҲûȥȥúò
ˣﲮûʲô󰭵ģĪƷ˵ʲôĶҪ
ѣǾӦøúúõĲһˣﲮĲãȻɣﲮͷ˵㣬ȻǲҪģ
ĪƷôϽܣ︸ҲûǿУֻǹͷ͹Ҫ𣿡

ʮ 
ģĪƷЩɣǸ֪ûУ˵βΣĪƷˤԴǳԵӦÿԣǰʱ˵Լ嵰ҲûԹҳԡ
ԣȷҪ𣿡︸Щ졣
ţţĪƷɵ
ԵĻǾɣûеģ︸Ҳûʣⶫû˸ҳԣһ㶼ӵġ
ĪƷɰ̯λϵĴǶˣ︸ǲҪǮģĪƷɸ︸ƽļ۶û㣬ֱӸĪƷ˵һǮ
ʵͷһճǮڵʱһģҪǮһ
ĪƷҲգȻĪƷɿ̯λϻεģЩˮģ︸ҲˣĪƷɵСɣˮҪҪһ㰴һǮ㣬ƽⶫûҪģ
ﲮֻҪĸвУĪƷɳţûЩִֻ֪˳ԣЩҲͦóԵġ
ȻԣȻֻҪô㣬һǮɣɱˣȻǸˣ︸˵
ллﲮˣҲͽ죬´ﲮ˶Ǯ͸ǮȻҶˣĪƷɵ
ã֪ˣ︸ЦţȻĪƷϵˣĪƷš
ĪƷЩˣ֪粻ҪأҲɵûϴҲͰˣĸοǻѪģѵҪһ·λȥ𣿶ҼǣЩɲᣡ
ûĪƷɿˣﲮȷȥ򼸸ӣ
ĪƷŰҲ̲סʿˮʵ̫ˣֻԼϵǮʣʮǮǮһÿг˵ȭͷ󣬻ǰģͷҲǰģһǮһ
ΪֻʣʮǮˣܲɣûˣˣķܶˣ֮ʱ˵ˣ
ĪƷɾ͸ϰ彲ۣϰ壬ö࣬˵£
Ҫ٣һҺˣƤƫڣĿ࣬ΧһɫΧ
ϰ壬㿴вУҾʣʮǮҼ߿ˣ߸߸ͷ㿴ĪƷɵҲһǮѵӢۺ뵱ԶҪǼǮ
ϰ´ĪƷһۣ·ϴķףͷԣСӱ˵ȻԺû⣡
ããллϰ壡ףϰ¡ԴĪƷرĸˣû뵽ܽǮ
ϰ͸ĪƷ˰ӸͷʱҲǺʵڵģӸͷͲСͷͷ󣬱ȰӻȦ
Ȼص̣ĪƷɲŷʧߣﲮ԰ӣ
ˣ˰ѽǸϽؼҰɣͷ˾Ͳóˣ︸ܾ
ﲮͳ԰ɣɱ˵ģȳԣҲҪϽȥˣĪƷɷһӣĶߵ÷ɿ죡
ȵ︸ˣĪƷɲߣŹͷһ㣬ѪûĪƷɶĵģֻߵ÷ɿ죬Ҳţð˲١
ĪƷɵҵʱĪҶڿأԶõĿСɣҵСȥˣǲˣҪˣأأСɣСɣﶼĻߣﲻߣ
ĪƷɲӿ죬һˣ
ĪӵĲ¿첽߳ʱĪƷθķֱܲӷ̨ϣͷѪ
Ҳ˲ϲ֣طȻͱһѱסأأСȥˣߺòãԺģ㲻ҪҪأҪߣһߣһߣ
ĪƷģãȴֹ˼ģҲˣ
Ĳˣòŵʡ
ģȥϢȻҪģĪƷɹ
ããȥϢæСɣղȥˣﶼҲ㣡Щί
ĪƷɵȥѧˣڼչ㣬˳ȥЩ
Ƕû緹ɣ˰ӸͷӶȸһ
ﲻСɣ˵ģ㲻ˣɲƭҡͷһҡͷͷεģֻסĪƷɵ֡
ҵ֣ղ˵⣬ŪģȥźòãȥϴĪƷĵĵ
ããȥţñĪӲŻ˷䣬ЦãСɲˣ
ĪʫӨĪС֪﷢ʲô£ֻ֪ˣ鲻ã˵ӳԣܿġ
ĪСٸĪСĪƷɵɫĪƷӵԴôܿ磬İɣ˵߾Ͳߣǿԣ˲óԣ

ʮһ 
ĪӼĪƷɻˣԼĺֽķıĪƷɵСɣˣúչʲô¾͸˵
˰ȥɣҲһĪƷɵ
ĪƷɻԸ⺰ԼԼ԰ӣĪӻϲӦ
ĪΪĪƷɲҪˣۿ̲סֺˣ
ĪƷ̲סǷģĪƷɵղȥʱҲдҲ𼱣ЩǮôҲǹˡҲﲮûʲô⣡
ˣĪӻϲӶû˼ˣЦɵģĪƷɿ﷢ᡣ
ȻĪæСɣģ߱ˣԼˣ˶Ǯ߱ˣ˵СĿĪƷɵɫ
ĪƷ̾ô΢ĪӣֺڣҲԼ̫ƫˡ
ĪƷɵͷţ֪ˣ͵ģĪƷֳֵϾĵǶ˵̬ϡ
ĪʵҲһȻ˵Ҫģֳû˵
ĪˣʣӣĪƷɻǳ˰ӣΪӸͷСĪʫӨĪСԲô࣬˾ͳ˰Ҳ֪ͦġ
˴壬Īӵ־Żָһ㣬뵽ղĪƷ˵ĽҲдĪͷҪû¶Īӻûô
ϣƾͷĪӳüģ͸Īӹľӣˣ̯ӰɣҳŶҲдֵģҸղȥ̽ˣֶûдĺã
磬˵ҽ컹𣿡Īӷʡ
ܰôܣ˱㣬ҲûУ˵
ô̯ӻҪȥģȻû֮ǰĺˣƵߺȣĪ˲ǶҲûĪӡ
ƵǸĪһ飺ӣҿӻûģдһЩȥӻ
˼ҿ𣿡ĪԥҪûˣд㣬ǶԷҪҲ̯λڶдģǲ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰȫûȣԭƣŹûƣΪҲŹһǰ׷޵ͷӣһȴСӡ
ϲϣԾ֪ˣĵдңȥԣ
鷳ˣĪӸмĵ
鷳鷳˵
ȷʵб£Ī̸ˣķʽĪЩûףҲȥ̸ģҪĪȥ̸϶ķʽȻ϶ɣ
ҪĪƷͻǸӣΪִձ飬ڹŴˡ
ȥʱ򣬴˼ȥΪֺã˼ӻҲҪ˵ҪԷͲˣ»ͷȥҪԼϾûˡ
˵ַʽҲĪṩ֣ӻļ۸Īӵļ۸һģӻÿһǮһһİ룬СһǮֵĻСֵĻʮһǮʮǮ
൱ڲñǮӻ̵ϰô᲻ϴͬˣ
ȻˣǸ˾ֻṩҪҪȥҪĪӿϲϣ
ĪķʽԾѣоף
ǺæûףĪӶӦʵĴ㡣
磬˵дٸֹȥȽϺãĪʡ
ҿСдʮȻСд߰ʮŰɣƼĪûӦˣҲãղĪ˺üӻ̣ЩǷɢӻȥġ
û˯ĪӾЩ㣬ĪӣƷ˵˷纮õû
Īӱ⻰û໶ϲˡ
һ⣬ôˣû°ɣҲᣬôĪӾҪޣƿɲи
ĪӱҲƵƺŷֻ˼ɵҳ󲻿һֱš
ˣĪӾ˺һҲǱܣ¶˿˵֪ʲôǶԣʲôǴĪӾƣҲƵ
ֻǿһ۲ֽСĪйǡ
һӾͶˣСԸС־ȥϵļӻ̿ǵĶôˣ費ҪҪĻҪʲôĶ٣ܽ˵ȸˡһģ
õģ壡СҲûκεΪƣҲСȻﲻȱǮȱѽԶܸл

ʮ ĪӵĿ
СˣĪҲܲػˣȲľͰ¸˵ˣĪ䣬رĿգ磬˵ֵܣҲѣȻܸſ𣿿ҼСɣ;ֵûң
д𣿡һϴϿһӣվǰʡ
дд֪ҪʲôģЩõģҲдƼĪӵûתæĪޣ
ŶﶼʲôģҪһլƽģ𣿡ϴʡ
УУ⸱ǣдǼ˳ƽҸ꣬Ǹ飻һ˼˵Ī˵öˣƶԼϼ˿ĲţˣҪԭҲʶֶˡ
⸱ϲӭļƽЦɰ˷ƣǼǸգ˼ؾǡʵҪĸ
ӴⶼͦõģϴȻǾˣһһС
ĪƵ磬˵˶Ǯǹ¶զƭĸֵأ
˵棬ĪӺۿʹĵ磬Լһ϶ûף˵𣿲ȻΪʲôӣӹңӣӹңĸֵҲûźã磬ҺʹడѺӱƳҾ;رûãȻҲúôԹңҾú˵Ҳԡ˵¶˭˭
Ҳû뵽Īҷô飬һ£˵ĪӵĽ鲢Ա˼ҵļ²ۣ˵ĽǳˣҪ֪¶ģ˵ûˡ
ֻǿĪȷʵ̵ģҲˣĪǲԸ񲻹ϣ˵ĽûûȴЩų̫ˣ˻Ǻܲġ
ҲǿĪøģҳܸ˵ҲǸˣƲſ˵䣬ҪǱˣҲϷܼ䡣
ʹƶҪһôôʣˣƲתͷĪӵӣ¶ɣҾƷͦԵģ˵ҳ¶㸸ĸѡ
ΪʲôĪʡ
壬Ī壬ǽˣһӻӶˣҲĲˣ԰˶ˣǸϽһЩȥʮȥСʮƽĸʮ帱ȻƵҲҪʮ帱СָʮţһҪСԻͦõģ˭Ҫʲô˶ǮҲǵġ
ӣ¶ǻͷ˵æƵĪӵ
뵽һӵ¹Īǿ񣬿ʼֽī׼дд棬ĪҲ֮ǰĲˡ
һӻĪӵⷴǱ컹һЩЩͭǮ֮ǰĻأ
̯ĪӻؼңĪҲûǸһԯϣ˲徻˵
ӣҵҲ׼أ΢οһ£ô˵أҿƷ⺢ʵͦõģܾЩˡҶ˵иʲô˵˲ɣ˲ɵĻ鵽ʱ٣ƾ벻⻰ô˵š
Ǻ֮ĲУ֮ĲޣĪӵ
ǣ⻰Ҿ;رеǮ飬ӣô꣬һǸܿµĶʱ˾ͻƲ㣻Ǯأе˲ȥ˼ΪʲôôǮǻۺ켵ʣʲô鶼ǲ֪ġΪʱֻһͷĸı䡣Ƶ
⼸ЩЩһ궼û㣬һֻһӣȻͻȻԭһһʲôӦ
ңһĽöԷĪӵ
ۺ켵𣿡ʵ
Ī룺ᣬ˼Ǯ˼ҵı£
һʱ˵˵ôˣһŵǲᣬɲе˶ѣܶ˻ۺ죬ἵʡۺ켵ʵʱȥһЩµͷ
ܰɣɣ˼Ǯ˼ҵģʲôۺ켵ʵģĪ벻ס
ӣ벻ͱ룬ֻ㣬᲻ܱ֤𣿡ʡ
Īҡҡͷ̲סɣֻˣ
ûûмʲôֵܷĿ¶Ʒʡ
Īز˵ˣ˵ģĪҴӣΪĻǼëƤС¡
˼ҲΪǮƣĪ룬˼ҸϵĦ

ʮ 
Ǯƣϸ룬ʵ֮ܶì漰Ķ棡Ƶ
ȻҲĪףƾͼȻˣҲ˵ֵܾģֻ㣬Ǯ˵˭Լ˶Ǯ˵𣿳ûӵģƼĪҪ˵æһ䣬ȻҲǿòЩԽ
Ǯ˵ⲻʲôƭֻǱԼһֶζѣƷ˵ģҲ˭㸸ĸֵܣֵܣи㣬߸˵ʵԼжǮĲʲô£Ҫȥֵܽã˵ҲͲ˵ˣ
ĪӾĪƷ˵Ǯ¶ĸǲ֪
һѪָҪģͲ֪㵽˶ǮֻЩ˼˲ŻʣΪһֻĶ˲֪һҪʣǾ˵⣬͸˵ˣ
⣿ɣĪӲƵĻֻЩš
ûش⣬ܰĪӽʵôѾ御ˣҪĪӻܣҲ
˵һ˵ƷԹֵܣûֵ꣬㲻ͬĻ𣿡
ԣ⺢Ҳ֪զ¶ǰҲû󲮡ôų⣡ĪӿյĵܵöϲҴǼˣ
ӣ㱾ļҾأ˼ǱֵѣȻ˵ĻΪʲôӼֵܣֵܽӼأ㶼˵ˣֵܣֵܣ˵ֵܣǶ˵Ҳһģ⻰Բԣ︸˼˵
ԣֻԼ⣬ûڣĪʶıһ䣺ҿˣǾͲܾģĪӺš
︸ȴôΪʵĪƷƢȻЩǸеģ˵Ҳû
︸˵⻰ֻǵ㲻ͷһ£
⣬ԭҪʱûڣֲҪĪӺ۵ĵ
︸ðɣҲѹĪƷôĪ۵ӣִԲģȷʵģ
︸ֻԶѣû衣˵ûģ
УôûУȻ㡣
ĪӶ󲻳Ǹʶľ;ÿ϶û
Ī⻰︸ֻۣ˵һ˵˵㺢ӶԹӣòӻֵܣ׶û𣿡
ǰ̫ûˣĪԱĵ
ҡҡͷҾ⻰ԣ
ԣĪЩȡ
ƵͷԣĻԣ
ΪӣҾͦõģոպáΪֵܣĺܵλ̫λˣ׵ĻȷʵܲƵʵ׵Ĳ˵ûģֵ̫ˣӰף
ĪãȻĿƣڽʲô
ĵĵǶǹԼܵģҪȹǲܹܱˣֵӹñãõܣбҲҪȹܺӸţжֵܶҪֵܵҪҪǲܣοֵԼϱӶûأզȥֵأ
ĪԼһ䣺ʱҵ˹ֵҪҲоܾģֻˣ
Ҫã֪ΪѣÿǸڣ˵ܾԺˣƲĵܶȹĺţ֪ҲҪȹܺļңĪԼ֪ҪȹܺԼźӡ
ҲûˣֱǸľ
ƳΪɶĪƷɻᱩˣ˵ʵҪĸҲҪߣĪ˵Ľ˵˾ûӣ
Ҳ̲ס˦һ䣺˵㣬Լﶼһʺأľȥܱϸûɾ
Ī޹Ŀƣ磬ˣ
ƣôôʱͱҪñʱأεĺ
һƲŵûУʵҪǿԣҲͦĪӵľˡ
ҲûˣֱӶĪӵϵܣҲøҲŸ˵ЩҸ˵Ļ¾ͺãҲȥ˵ǲֵܸ˵ҪңͰЩ£Ǯø˽ʲôˣ㲻һӣɷֵģҲû˵Լ˵Լ˶ǮأԲȥͰ͵Ľ㽻Ķۺ켵ʣҪ˵Nɪˣ˼һ㣡
ڶԼźȹ˺ˣģԼҶûˣȥܱˣܱôǶǱ˵¶˼˴ǮҲܷһ룬û㣬ҲܻĺúõģŲԼˣ㻹ȥܱ˸ֵܻ˭ҪиȣֵܶãͶãҪ㲻ãҲöҲǿĪľ񣬺޲øÿˣЩ¡

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ϵܣҪңǲ׾ͼ˵ЩȻԺ˵ˣҪǲأ͵Ұ˵Ҳûϵ㲻ܸ˵˵ЩܳңƸ
ţ˵Ҷţģһģ֪㶼ΪҺãĪӵ
ҲĵͷţҪʱ֪ôأҾƷɵûҿƷͦõģ
ʵֵܶòãԼĸһ£ҾҲԹҺӶֵܲ׽˵ģҾֵ֪ܶ㲻զƫɵĸʲôƵģͷΣ˸оԽĺ۸ˡĶģǶҲãúеģûôԵģ
ԣҲĺӣҾǶͦµģԹµķĪӲŶԣ
Ҿ;ƷͦãµԭࣺҺãҾͶãҪ۸ңҲҲҲǼĪӶŷ̲סͶˣʲôˣҶ뷨ҵأҾƷɵ׼ûҪǻףҿɴƷɵˣ
ĪƷɽӴôΣĪƷ⺢ӻͦгģ˵дѼë鲼ͷ·Щ¶ҲĪƷɽԺƶĪƷɵӡԽĺˡ
ƿĪӾǸͿûߣûĪƷأһ㶼ĪƷɵʲô⣡
㵣ƷСӣҿҲûɶ⣬ǸӣƢЩ¶ҪӺú˵˴ģҿȥӸǳԣӲͦТ˳𣿡
ĪӲ˵ˣҲˣƶô˵ĪӾ;ԼҪˡ
ֻһֱͻ̫󣬲ȻҲôĹܳԻܷ飬ԳҪмӣȻܲĪƷɵһ
ⲻ⣬ĪӶرĸм磬Ҹоʶ֮һ£
ƺˬİ֣ɶ˵ģ㲻Ҵ𣿡
磬̫ǫˣ⼸ҪûæʲôɣĪӼĵ
ﻹõģʵĪҲظȻҲܸĪôӽ
ĪӶƵ磬ʵ˵һͨҾ;Լرûã
ƾԼѾ܆ˣĪӱƵ£ֻܿοĪӣӣ˵Ҫ಻壬ֲΣʵ˻ȻǸŹûӣҺǫ飬ĵҲãЩЩѧѧͺˣҲģܶŹҾѾܲˣ
𣿡Īˣе㾫
ȻˣȻҲܸ˵ô࣡˵Ҳʲô²µģҾֻҪһҺԼӹϺӾǱˣƵ
磬ǰʱ˵ʲôһǻһԳɲģôûأԴҳ˼Ժҷֻˣ˵ģüϺӾǱ£ǮᣡĪӺܾɥ
զ˵ģ㿴ÿҲһˣ⻹ǮôǮʡ
ĪҲǣԼЩţǼˣֻЩϧӪܳãҪӸúð
ȴΪ⣺⼸͹һˣҶãֻܲҶӪˣ
һ·ţĪӵ鵹ǿ٣صﵹֵͦģһھ͵Īӻˡ
ĪҲõƣõ֣ʵãоô
ЦţҶˣ㵣ˣ
ǾͺãúЪţҶι㣡Īӵ
ˣֻ˵ܾҵĻͷֲ˵Ҳ´õ
ü֣ĪҲ˵ʲôҲӰ
ĪƷһڼңÿɸˣʱĪƷææҵģõָ£һϡ˵ġ
ź˵ϡöֺǺǵģûĪƷɱֱţ˷ʳ
ڼǮˣĪƷɾ͸˵ԺһҪٷҲû飬ڼǮҲȱԵġ
ĸĪƷǲģ˵ˣôжᣬñĪƷɲû취һ棬ҪĪƷⷽǸϲģô̶̲ᡣ
ĪƷȻǻ԰֪һͨõģǷŽⲻֻҪŽȥɧζ
ĪƷ˵ˣһ˸ΣĪƷǰϲΣ֪ҪոʱóԣҪջô𱬳ŵζˣʢ̡

ʮ 
䳴ΣĪƷͷ
ô˵Щ⣬Եô㣡
ĪӰ﷢ıʼøĪƷɣвҲ
ĪƷĬĬӦˣĪƷڱϼǱʼдҵĪǮñҲæģȻЩͷΣæˡ
һͭǮĪӵϲĴЦ쾹ȻĻһ
ýڴһˣҲҲʲô飬ļĪƷȻɱֱŵģ߰ģԼȥ
ǮĪӾðǮȥЩԷּҺаæԼĪƷɺöˡ
ĪƷɼ˶Щ˼תͷȥĪӣǶŶ˯Ҵܵĵܵǵ£ԹԵ˯
ĪƷɣĪСЩܵöŷĪƷɰҲжԹԵ£
СӶȱûһ˯úˣ
ĪƷѧϰĪ񣬸ŮյͦгģڴʲôɣЩ˯ˣĪƷɣСɣĲ˰ɣ
˵˾ͲˣҪߣҸ˵òãĪƷ̾ҲǸԼŻˣѾԼˣһ۲Լǻҡ
ţţ߲ߣҪ߾һߣòͷΣĵͷ
ĪƷõ㷢Ĳˣ˯һܿңȻָ±֤ģұ֤Ҫߣʹһߣ㰲˯òã
ãã㣬С㲻ҪߣĻԹ˯ùɵĵ
ţ˯ɣٿҲҪ˯ˣĪƷ˵
˯ˣĪŶĪƷɵСɣղȥѧ𣿡
һٰɣҲģĪƷɳĬһ˵ҪôƫҲûЩ¶
ĪӸֱ˵УţСĵСɣ컹ȥѧĺãߣҲģտȥСٸСҲܰ£㲻̫ģ
ĪƷɿĪһۣĪСĿԼһ
ĪָĪƷ˵Ǯ£СɣǧǮ֮ǰģһǮǼҵǮѾŲˣ˵¶Ī̲סϴЦ
ǶôôࣿĪƷЩ졣
ﲮ˵ԷЩӻĪĵʹȥǮٽˣȥ͸Ǯ
ĪӺҲﲮʶ㣬Ҷ֪ôտʼﲮ˵ʱﶼûף
ţﲮȷʵмʶĪƷҲ˵ģͳ⣬ĪƷɶһִģûô죡
ĪƷ룬ͭǮӵıǲǲ̶ģ
ţʱߣʱͣĪӵһǧһĲԻһǱй涨ǮׯǮͭǮܳһɣ
ڶһıǶ٣ĪƷʡ
ͲˣĪӵ֮ǰҲûǮ˭ȥ⣡
ĪƷɵȥʰɣҵ˼ǸһǧĲܻһСչ޻ǮȷŲءǵһǧܻһңʣµЩͭǮˣʱȡҲûˣӦҲЩǼҵûҲ֮ЩǾͲˣϾ֮꣬ĪҪʲôӪ֪أ
˵֪û˳ҵģִרųʵ𣿸ʵһ˼ĪƷɺȻҲһǮķʽ
Ī룬ĪƷɵͦõģĻҲע⡣
УȥʣҾչ޻Īӵͷ
ʵҾóȥǲҲȥҲƵĪƷɷֺ񻹿Ĳ
ǼҵĶúЩ󣡡Īӵ
ĪƷɶʵҲǺܶҲȷҴô࣬ĪһһߣҲʵ
Īӵû£ﲮ˵ʲô⣡
ĪƷɵڶҪȥѧѧҲǳűģҪǾǮҪֵŴҪ治ףѧѾҪѧӷѡѡīֽȵȵĿ֧˵һӶ飬һʡٶҪʮӡ
֮ǰΪʲô˵ĪܲףΪܰӶȥ飬ųȻзƵԭ򣬵Ҳּе

ʮ ︸
һ¾ǿĪƷڲڣһڣ;ʧ룺СɣСȥˣ
ĪڳдƿӣãСȥѧѧˣȻͷθ˿ɲã
ȥѧˣ㶵ġ
԰СѾһˣȥѧˣʡùθϣô˵ҲǻǮģĪӵ
СȥһѧûʲôҪСԼô죿ЩԹĪƷǸŮģϲѧӰ첻
ĪӳĬһһˣĪСٸĪСܣлڿ˯ĪʫӨĪСѹãСɵ¶˵
ȴǲ£ʲô˵ģҪɷĵֵǣǼܹŮˣ
ãֻǷּңﻹܹǵģĪѹ˵СɶҲͦõģ
ðԹʲôãСɶʮˣ࿴󣡡
ãȵȵȣҲһʱģǲǣĪӿĵȰҪǱĸ֪ˣͱˣ췢¶̫ˣľƣʵûоȥӦһ籩꣡
ò˵ĪȰã֪Сɣ¶ôģǼҷ̫¶ˣãҪǵʱһٻãҪЩͷأ
ã⼸췢ô£ˣ֪ԹңҲ֪ûãۣ֪ܿСͽҪѵܣѧĿ֮Ҳô˵ĪҲѹ
üĪһʹ̲࣬סۿûй㣬ֻǾĸûþˣںŬæʱ򣬻վںߣ
ãǿĵģĪ۵ĸò᣺ãˣǶģ㿴Ҳ˸Ǯ·ˣٳ⼸дЩ꣬ٸ˳飬ѧֵأǺúõĹӡ
ţĪչδҲ̲סϴЦ
Īֵ˵СɣҲõģСǸúӣ˵㻰˵߾Ͳߣ㲻ȥ
ţţԺˣæ
ĪûýƵ̸ϴ緹ͼȥдˣڳȽůͣȻףдֻǸоһ˿Ť㣬ôҲûůͣ
Īӿһʱ䣬Ѷʰһ¾ͳˡ
Ī׳־ҪúǮңһطͿдֶ̯ңʱܴ
ҲûοĪˣĪġ
ɲô̯ӻҪȥģģĪӻοƣ磬ûµģѾ֮ǰúˣ
ţƵ̲סֹӣ˵Щ˰ƽҸŹɲףһ̯ǮզͶðأ
ĪȻܣĵͦģͬˣ磬ҵҲף
ʵЩ浹ŹҲֻѣĪӻ˰̯д⻹ͦģɲͶҲǲŹҲǺƽֱģ㣿ûϵǼ۸Ҳ˰
д㣬Ƿӻɣ˵
ţڼд˲٣С־ȥͰɣĪӵ
УƵ
磬Сɸ˵ҿȥôⲻãĪӾĪƷɵˡ
ⲻҾС߯ʹˣȥĻⴺķʽҲҪһˣ˵
ôĪ˵ãһϲ
ûɶǮǼʳ࣬ʲôӰĶ࣬ԣֻҪôĪƷ϶˵ƵӲźʹֻǳ˸ʵʵĵӣȴܰˣɿеķ
ԣҼɶȱҪܻĻҲãĪӶʱһϲ
ӣﶼȽĶأ۸ܽ԰ڵڼ۶˻˼˵
ҪĪƷ϶ҪͶأãûĪӽۣʵⴺļ۸ȴ½ˡ
Ҵ̰ʵݣЩʣµĺֽҲûãִĿɼֽŰһǮ㣻Сأ͵ǴͷˣƳ⡣
Īͷãã
Ҫ˵ҲͦģҪһһӵȥҾҲ¶и⣬ҪҪһ£Ƶ
˵Ī۷Źˣô᲻˵ء

ʮ Ѵģһ
ҪǲĻأҾøɴҲˣЩкĶȥȻ԰֮ǰӻ̹İ취Ǯ㿴˵
Īӵͷ絷⣺ãã
⼸ε߸ʶж֤δ֪ĸıҲһǻ£ҲʹȥҲʧ˶١
ĪѵһѣûвУֱӵ磬˵ʵ̫ˣ
磬㿴³Ӧģ磬ҪǲĻҸ㿴ҽˣƶ³̣Ȼ֣Ī˵⼸춼ưæΪǰߣʹĪ˵ҪǮƶҪ˵ȽˣԶٺóԵľˣ̸Ǯǲѣ
һΣȻгҪƵãⷬĪ˼ǵģ˵˵ķֳɣĪӵ̬ò뷨ȷǶ˵ֻٽְ̯ܽӻǶǶģֻҪǮЩȻν
һҲһĪ˵ЩǶģҲ֪֮Ƶǲ̯ӲСûûֻ飬дֶô޵
ƾܾҰ޿ԣǷǮͲˣҲֻǰæҵҲĪӳģǮֶĪӵģ
磬ǲУҪǲǮҾԼޣʵҺƤˣⶼҳģ³ҲҪҶȻҿ϶㿴ţҪû㣬ҿ϶޲¶㲻ƣĪӳϿҵĵҪˣҲǮ
ƼĪ˵ÿУҲŤӣˬĵȻˣҲͲˣǮĻǾֳɣȻҲ˼
ãǮУĪ˵
ô໰ҪǲϣҲˣƻ
ǣаɣʵõģĪֹ
ƲĪǵСֹȻҪϻ⣬ǾͲܼˣƶĪӵһȥֽбʸĥ
磬㿴ĥأҲУˣĪæ
ǼȻô϶ܴ󣬶ǲȻҶ磬ǿûˣҵģֻңĥҪɶģʵĻΪԷһһ㿴ͺˣƵ
ĪӸ˵ĥʲôԺƾˡ
ǰĪ˵дЩдЩģ˳ҿ̯ӣһ㣡
ƻȥܵһ̯⣬ȥīֽ⡣
ƱĪӻ߱źֽīֽҪ٣̨ĻҲûֱӾĪӵĲˣǺֽĥбʵĻҪġ
˵ƻȥ׼ˣĪȻ֪Ϊʲôдһ㣬Ƶ׼ûԴˣĪӾͳд
һĪдĶǳõģ⼸ıȽϺõģ˵֮ǰĪƷ˵ǼĪǾͦõģκϵûʶòײȥˣƾͽĪӱдǼˣдЩİɣ
ûãܾ̯ܵˣҲĺܿ죬һţѾһĺֽĥëʾϷţӻ̵ĺֽ㹩Ҫġ
ȻûҲˣĪӣӣд˶ٴˣ
ʮɣһţĪӹһ£֮дô죬ΪС־ƵĵܵܰæһĥīһֽĪдţߵһдһţٶȾͼӿˡ
ЩҪ𣿡Īʡ
ãдõЩѶʰһ¸ߣûдĺֽúõĺֽϣıīֽҲϣ˵
Īûˡ
ȻƸС˵С־Ҽǵ㻹һܵܣȥǮҸһʮǮҪֽڿģ緹ʱдһ£ĵĽУȥ
ȻƳĹܵ˵һҪôһǮΪ˵Ҳ֣ƵĵܵҲ֣΢˵һ¾͵ˡ
ĪʰöţֹȥİѲõ
Īӵ磬ЩǮ
ЩС£ҪĻȻͷй㣡ҪҪ˭أ
գƶĪ˵ӣҪģһ㶼ϣƽƣԣԺŽƽɲţǳĴ뼸ȻʱǾô⼸֣

ʮ Ѵģ
ƼҲũģȽϽҷש߷ɣһԺӣԺѾںһԼӣվСӡ
ƽܣֶӣһֱӼڱ壬ԽйҲܿ죬صҲ֡
ȻԸˣССǰţϵĺֽ
Ƶֶﺽæţϵĺֽ
ĪӣҪдҾ־ͺãʺµģ
ţҪд帱Ī˵
ãƵһҲûϵ
ӣԼֽ̺дһ£ȰдʱЩ֣һС־ôֽ֮ССֽ㸺дͿˣסˣֻһķһ𣬴Сܻ죡ҲĪӲףֶһ䡣
УĪӦ
Ȼƾȥˣ㣬ʱĻһӣһӣӦӣʮӣǽжʮˣ
Īĺ֪֮Ҫ̯ӿɲСҪʲôôƷôۣԶĸĶвأʱô㶼Ǹ⣬ϾȥԶ˼Ҳ࣬϶ܸһ۶Ȼ˭ȥԶģҲۡ
˶ǷҲ࣬ҪЭȻҲǶ˾˵ģĶҪôҲǸ⣬ȥԼԣԼҳԣҲòôȵȵĺܶ飬ȷʵĪһġ
ƽ˶ʮˣ׳СӣϵģҲдģǻ黹ʵܿף׳ƷҲãֽڿˣ
ʮ˽ƾô֣ͣΪ˸ƹõģ˳΢ѵһ۸ɱ˱Ǯɲס
ȻˣЩҲΪԷһġ
ʮ˱ֵʱС־ѾĸСһֽˣǰĺӣ˵һʮǮһ緹ҲػǸɵöҲۣȺûɵӻƣԸ˵һͶС־ˡ
Ҳͬ⣬Ҳû¶ɣۻ緹һʮĵĻȥ
Ȼﺽһֽһա
ΪҪĪӸɴСһдʮٻһдʮôԭΪͬһдˣٻĻдҵЩ֡
ⷽû飬Ī˵ʲôʲô
Ϊ̫ˣֱͷ˵棬ζҹܱΪģֱ˴ͷһȥҲܳζ
Ȼķ˴ҶԵýζģ㣡
緹ҾͿʼˣϱ͵˲ʱ䣬ٲҲûطȥˣֲͬĶֲͬϵţڴСۿԿû֡
ʱֶæƵĴӸӣȥͻҾ¥һЩС͹ݡ
ò˵ƵĴﳿ곤öֵģͣ˵Ժ󲻼ְ̳ҵûţ﷢Щ֣ȴǰװֵģͷƵģҲȽƵϱ⣬ϱȴ㡣
ΪĪֻд־ͺãһٵֽƶ࣬ʵ緹ǰдˣһٵҷһ¾ûˡ
ò˵Ƶʵ̫ˣʹǼûʲôǮģΪжĶԵƶ棬ϺȵȣõԼ֯Ĳƥֵ޻չޣεȵȶԡ
ΪĪӵĶȻ󣬵ĶֻҪãҲǰڵĸ߼㣬ԼȥļǮ߶ˣ൱ռ˱ˡ
ĪӵĶܻ𱬣ýģȥûþͻˣһˣһٵֽƶ࣬һĪдˣʵҲĪ֮ǰи˳ģȻһʱôǿȵд˭ܲˡ
ĪҲû뵽ôãȻʮ㣬Ҳû뵽һٵôˣƵϣС־ȥӻ￴ûкֽе
ȻֶĪӣдţȥسǣ޷ϾǸСѣԺֽõˣҪϽȥس֪ˣƶĪаˡ
ûƵĺһ¿Ϊ׷ٶȣȥ¿¿ȥسǣٶȱȽϿ죡
ϵӻҲûٺֽˣļҶˣҲʮٶûˣʮֽܿͱĪдˣҲûŵȥˣѾʱˣˣԶȥҪܾã˵ˣʱ϶

ʮ Ѵģ
ʵѾʧˣһٵֽƽһ£һ˲öʮֽûһͲˣ֮ҪæãȻʱ򣬵˰Ѷ˻ͿǮˣȻС־ӽļ˾Ҫˡ
ȻһٵֽʵҲдǧĶǧĶƶ࣬ʮ壬һָʮûˣûٵġ
ʱĪӶڼǮ۸ĻͶˣдֽˣֻҪ۸Ϳˡ
ĪƷɷѧʱȥٽ֣ĪӲڣ̯Ҳûˡ
ĪƷҲûͻ˼ң˭֪ԺŷĪӻû
Ѿˣ˷ϲ¾ˬ·ˣۿҪˣͷϻˣȴȫһˡ
Сɻˣϴϴ֣𣿡ʡ
ллĪƷˮϴһ֣оôȻ͵ұһٵģҵ˵ûȥϿΣչ˺㣡
ţи˵õȻʣأ
ҵû𣿡ĪƷʵ
ûУôˣõ
ȥʱ̯϶ûˣΪˣĪƷɵ
ʲô˰ɣɫ䣡
ĪƷæģҵﲮʲô°ɣҿ̯ҲûˣҪʲôµĻܰѶʰĺܸɾ
ǾͺãǾͺãõͷﻹŸģ
Сɣ˵ҪҪȥӭһСĵﲻǲ㣬ֻЩģ
ʲôʵҲЩģȥӭӭɣĪƷ˵
磬ȥɣЪĪСĪƷɡ
춼ˣĪСٻûøǲˣԼȥǱĪƷţĪƷɵ㲻üȥڿҹŵӦҲˣȰѷϣһǾͿԳˡ
ããȥõ
ĪҶȫҶȵĽˣĪӲʱţĲƣһʶˡ
ôŻǶˣĪС˵
ʲô𣿡õĵʡ
û£Ǻ£һ˵ҶӶҪˣĪϴϲá
ĪӸŽһ½춼ʲô£˵ĪСٲŻȻ˵ʱǴôأ˵öԭǵ
ĪƷͶأⶼˣ
ҲңæˣĪ˵ţǲ֪ɶˣͷȽʣǼҲûˡʱԸɷУͷͷԼԼĪ˷ܵıȻţ
ҪԽӣԽӣɲԣĪС˷ܵĵ
ȻˣĪЦĵ
ҪӣӣĪСһڿˮȻĪƷİ
ҪͷҪ·ĪʫӨӵʣԳԵǿҡ
ããУȻǮ׳˵ԭĪĵԸÿǮǽ쿴֪٣Īǳĺá
Ǯϲɢʹ϶ЦΪյĸоã
˷ʼǮЩ࣬Ī̯ĸӻ̵ģЩǮ˵˾͹ĪˣҲˣȻҲҪˡ
ĪҲͲȥƽˣʹĪҲǧģ̯λıȽ٣󲿷ֻǿӻ̡
ǧǮĪӵĸˡ
Сɣ̫æˣȥʻǮ¶ĪЩĽͣĪƷ
ĪƷɽס̾ĺ֢
ĪƷЦЦûµģʵҲй˵
ڶ͸ˣƾһϵƣȥԶôˣȥسֱӴֱʵĶǧĺֽĻ۸ȻǸˣʮһֱӰسǵĺֽˣΪⶫ˹ʱãƽʱúֽ˽֮ϲ»Ǽ֮Ҫõ
ĪӸĪƷٴͬһʱ˴·ٷֿĪӵء
ǧĺֽˣ붼֪ܴһƼһͷǳ֣Աλˡ
Ƽҽ˽ģһͥԺռаĶǴ˿ǵԺӸĸоǻǽСˡ
ĶʣһЩĪӻҪдҷΪôȥҲǷ˴ʮţ¿۸ֱʮʮġ

ʮ Ѵģģ
ܴʮѾܲˣбˡ
һ϶ǿˣһεĻ󣬶ҴҪһģ˺һ飬ÿȥĸ壬ö࣬Ҳ࣬ʵǮҲҪ۳ķõģԸĿ£ԸĿߡ
ʶ˵۹ⲻûʲôȻЩÿʮģĻֹ˵ֽſ˽һģҲû࣬ȥͷɶˡ
컹ŵӵģ컹ıЩҲû˻˳С
ǮҲһ𣬶ĻΪ˾ܵĶǮԶǳװװ٣Ҳе˼ҶﻻģҲǮģȽ٣ΪȥĵطеĺƫʲôĶС
ڻԽԽ࣬Ҳи⣬ڣտصسȥˣڼȻ׬˲ۣ벻سǱҲߡ
Īһдϣܹдһǧ߰ٶ൶ĺֽ
ҲΪоˣÿһ࣬ÿһ壬ࣺˣˣӼլƽ彡˽٣ļʳ֣Ůɲţ෢ƵĴˣǮĳǮûǮö򣬼Լ֯ĲƥֵʳɹɵĹ߼ۻ˰
һͨ죬ټ˵飬˾Ͷ֪ˣǲ֪ģ˶ụ౼棬ڰʱɣǾͿȥһˡ
ʵΪ൱ڼ©ˣЩǮ˼ʱĴˣдʣµЩǮûʼ׼ûǮﻻֲģϾ˵ڵʱ۸ߣȥ̼ң̼ɲһ۶ԼԶȥԻܻĶҪûǮҪһСģԺǰҲǺõģ
һʮϰٸǺĲԽƫԶĵطԽ࣬ԽԽ١
˵֣ĪƷɺźԼȻûвμӣǾͷżˣĪƷҲȥæ˳㿴һǵʢ
ЩæӶôҲͰѴӦҪĪƷɵԸˣĪƷɿûָãҲûˣΪǶ֪Ǽ嵰ǻûмĶɲ֪ҲûԹ
ĪӼĪƷҪԼȥ£ȴͦ˵ģΪĪƷûϵϡ
ĪƷɣСɣ㲻Ϣһ𣿡
ˣ˵ôæȥæĪƷɵ
ҲѾõĲˣĪʱȥһ˸ڴ壬˳˵ûָĺܺá
ĪƷɺԥľҪȥæ
ǺãүһĪӸ˵ĵ
أĪ˵Ҳһķأ˵͸ӵķˣҪ֪ûˣЩҪϽ˵سԼسǱϵĴȥ۸ĻͰмʵ۸˵ˣΪԽ궫Խ
Ҳ̰ģֻҪܰЩԵõȥǾͿˣҪ֯ȥҪ֯ȥĪæˡ
ĪƷɸĪӵԺӵʱԺѾȻæˣָЩ˰ȥĪƷɸĪˣҲֻ˵кһ䣬ͼæȥˡ
ĪƷȰæЩܼ飬ûв죬˼Ȼ
ĪƷһܸҩģҪԴԴϵ˽Ͷأʵ̫ˣ
ĪƷʱͲܸҩˣֱӵ˻ƣ˭ѧأСʱѧ㣬СԺܵˣĻĻʱĪƷɾ͸ˣСָæˣĪƷɸˣȻǮ
ʵ֮ǰĪһֽһһʮĵôһڣһֽҲ˾ʮǮ֮ǰǮˣԱһʱ˵Ҳܶˡ
ĪƷɷżٵĵһǶˣһȻдʮʱ仹ǺܽģԭǺæģʹкü֣ǾĪƷɵİæƾͷˣһĪƷɶİ֣ؼǻܰæЭ飬Щʱİ취ãر뷨
ЩƶĪƷҲǹĿ࿴رĿϧ⺢զԼҵء
ҪĪƷ֪뷨ҪգɲҾӹĺð취ǸִˣϢըԺܶ鲻п˵㣬ѧġ

ʮһ Ѵģ꣩
ĪƷе⴦κһִ˶УϾöˣȻҲˣһˣ߼ǺԲûʲôֵúý˿޵ġ
Ե죬ĪƷɸץ׳ˣæǻ
ܲдˣĪӻҪæģ⣬˾ͽˡ
ʱһ˻ⳡս׽˵ʱˡ
ҲûĪ㱾ǮǮѾֱӴˣĪ˵˵ڣΪҲԣΪƲûпǮ
Ŀ̫ˣʹĪƷɰæҲһʱŰǮܹʮһǧһʮģ
Ƴ³һۻæ죬Ҳֵˣһʮ
ĪӾˣ磬ûɣ㵱ʱ˵Ǳ𣿡
Ǳ˹ѣ˽ɣȻ࣡˵
ʵϣ⼸ȥĶ˸ӯ⼸ٵҲ˶ԭֻֽģظǵʮģòֽʱ򣬼ҲȥϼһҲİģǲˡ
ĪԶʱˣôࣿĪӵûԹԣ뵽ɵǮʮ̲סˣ
Ҫô룬ҪЩˣҲôĴȥƵǿÿ
һΣǿǰسһһأһصү˼ҲҪĶҪˣûۣΪ˿ٵİѶĳȥ
ֵ⼸ǮĶһһԽ꣬ҪͭǮԽ࣬ÿﶼȥǾŰʮĻһǾŰʮĻһܹһʮʣһһǧңƽһÿ˰ʮһǧģ˵ǧģʵƿһĪˡ
һεⲻ˰ʮŹˣϾǾǵ֣öȻԼˣȻҲûã߸رõĿ϶ҪģҲòϣһЩũԼ֯ĺõϸ޲Ϻõ޻ĶɹɵĹȵȵЩƶҪõġ
ͬһΪЩ֪Īʲôû׼ǼһͷˣͷЩǣŮҪǮģһɣԼʲôǮǲˣ
Īֻ֣Ƹİ͡廨ԼŵԣĪƷɻҪŹǣԼһЩ⡣
ƿĪƷ⣬ǸˣֺǺǵĵҪҪ㣿ⶼûʲôͣп廨ɣ
ããˣˣллﲮĪƷæһȥʮɣȻ˵ȱˮɿǱ廨ҲûθڰҲ߯ˣ
ƵҪǲҪ˵ǼҽͷأܹõԼûóԣ
ﲮҾͰݵģĪƷɵ
⺢ӣӾǵЩȥúԵʵĲŲ˵
ţšллﲮĪƷɸЦţʵǲҹͬʵĲɲǲ壬Ҳû˵ʲô
ȻĪӸĪƷɻؼˣߵʱֿտգʱȴġ
ﴧž޿Ī뱣һģȴûɹһ·ֹģģûжɵˡ
ʵϣ֮ǰǮϵĶҲӻ̹ģźֽˣӻҲΪһֽȥسǽɵĽĪӵĴǣ죬ÿĪҲЩǮƾûĪˣǱǮи۵ȻĪҲⲻȥ
Ҳ˵һĪһ㣬Īӵ鲻òŹأ
ĪƷɵǱȽϵȻҲܸôǮΪζδһҲΪǮ鷳ˣʲôӪ˵ˡ
ĪƷɸŮѾʱˣĪӴż˳æᶫҹĪҶȴæһĺֻǴҸ֮£رĸˣ
ĪƳԺӣ磬ôҾͲˣȻͷһҪҼҺȱƣһǿæСһӶ֪ܻܲ꣡
ӴĿɲ˵ɥ̫ˣҲĸ˲٣Ҫ˵лҲлл㣡˵ȷʵӦúһҸᣡ
ﲮͲǫˣһǼȷʵǿ㣬ȻҲôǮﲮͱƴˣνлãҲһʱСӼԺҪǼҰæģﲮܿڣΥҼͣΧ֮ڣĪƷɵ

ʮ С
˵˲ǿ˵һҲûûʲôģҪɾ͹ˣ˵ˣмǣллȥģҺգȴֲ
ƣĪƷɸĪϲĽĳңЩѼˣҲû취£˭Щʵûطأ
˵ô࣬ǲӦøǸӣĪƷûﺬϲĻҲû𴲣ǻһЦڣһ⣬ΪգҲѧϰ
ţǵķʵ̫СˣҲŸһʱǸǾһһˣã˵Ǹש߷éݣľݣĪӵұȽϲש߷ģҲȽϽʵǼҵש߷Ưɣ
ǣש߷᲻ܹ󣿡ԥЩǮ𣿡յֵǮҪȥЩ᲻ãؼǶˣʲôӪ
϶ˣǮ֪ǿʣĪҲ᲻ðǮȥֳ϶û¶ٵҲ뾭ˡ
ĪƷҲҪש߷ǲ֪ש߷ҪǮ
ʮĪҶų׶ɨĴɨ񣬶ĪƷô֣Ϊ֮ǰûǮǮûʱ䣬Ϸ飬Լʲôû׼
ԽĪҶæû˻ţĪʫӨĪССһﶼҪЩܼ飬СһҲܹɵİæɻûбԹ
Ȼæµһڣ϶Ц˻ûôˣĪӸЩźģܸǹ괩ѣʵҪҲû취ȥׯ£ļ۸ܴĪӸøովûǮĿȥ׬ۣ
ԷԺǺǸΣĪƷɾȰˣʹѣʵҲͬǴϣǼôĶѾˣҪټѣǸ˼ңǮˣȻǲеģҵ˼ԺǼҳ͸óԵĳˣҪĶҲˣȫҪٻǮˡ
ɣǮǻģĪûʲô۵ĵ
ҵûĪƷɵʵرѹܼȨùģìܡ
ȻĪƷֶĪӸһ飺˵ģǼҪеۣԺ˳ʳ棬طʡĻҪʡȻ˶ǮҲҪ˼˵ĪƷҲ̲סˣĵĿȰ㶼£˵İòǮܹϺˣɲٹˣ
ĪӸҲĪƷС㰲ģǿ϶˵
̬ģﶼģԼ֪ͺã׼˵ǰɣ
ţ˵Īӵ
ĪƷ˲⣺ʱ˶Ǯ˵һڶö࣬İģΪд˶ˣҲĳͷ棬ҲһģЩǮֶճõģΪ˹꣡
ãûӦˣȻĪӶԸĸЩΣƵĻ˵ʵ氭˭Ҹ͵Ҳ͡
ҶûϢæֳԵģըĪæ˾͹æջĪƷȥѧϰĪӵ˵ѧϰˮۣˣ
ĪƷҲĽңΪڼҲ㣬·ҲˣԴҵҲ䡣
ĪСܸĪʫӨĪСûסڳ۰Ͱ͵ĳŹ͵ʱģܿǵĿǵԵģͷǳĿġ
ãǮǻû˵ôĪŽùˣ㣡
Ҳ뷨֮ǰ˵һ𣿵˵õģÿÿһ߸ٽȻǾ͸һɣȻֻ˰꣬ҲˣǲǶТЩģ
ţҲ뷨ֻǸһ᲻̫ˣĪЩԥȻûõĪһӣ׶ȷʵͦõġ
˰ɣʲô뷨ʵ
ĪСܸոճһøըΣ̵ֱţȴ᲻ɿڣò׵ˣĪСܳԵ㣬ŸĸĶԻĪСתתתͷܽ
磬磬ˣүүǮ¶¶˵һ̫ˣҪǳǿλû¶ǣ߾͸С״֪᲻ǰǣ

ʮ 
ĪƷ˵ĪС֡⡱Ϊֵÿ϶ģĪƷԱ
ĪСܱÿļˣĪƷɵģԺҪҪǮ׼㣡
ĪƷĪСܵСԴţֻ˵ͺãҪȥ˵ˣ֪𣿡
磬ҲɵĪСȷʵǲɵ⼸ε;ȵ￿׶ˣŻô
ĪƷɻ˹Ҫ¶ˣ˵Ҫүүһ顣
ĪƷ룬ǽȥǼǲǻû׼үү̵ǮĪƷҲɵɵĳС
ǰҸأĪҲû룺СɣҾýǼҺô˵㣬Ҫүүɣ
ĪƷɵҾòҪǮûǵˣǮô֪Ǹүүҿ϶µ˺ܶǮʱҪǮǽ費裿裬ʵЩǮǼԼã裬˼˵ǮϽ裡
Ҳ뵽ϵ飬ĪƷҲ̫ǿӲķԣίĽͣҾҪТ˳Ĳһʱ¶ҲһӵҲˣͿʼˣ棬϶Կдˣףȥдٶδ֪ģǮǱʡã
ҪԺǻӪˣӺùˣТ˳үүҲ٣ڵһ;ǶԺҪͶ𣿡ĪƷĵĵ
ȻԼ֮ǰ˵ҿɣǸİǮǼҵЩ޲ﶼ˵ܺãЩ޲£´ȥĻǾһ͸ҾҲͲˣ
ǼТүү̣Ҳ֪Ǽ˶ǮĪƷɵ
⣬𣿡ĪǼͬǰ˵ɲǻ𣿵ȴѵĪƷɡ
õûʲôĪƷɵãֻһԼ˶ǮͿʡܶ鷳ֶΪأο˵ĪƷɵˡ
һڴӦǾɣȻĪӻҪ˵ʲôĪӵӣ
Ī˲ĿڣУǾôˣ
ĪƷǿ˷Сû
Сɣ˵үүǮҪȥ𣿡Īʡ
ĻʵҾòûȥĪƷɵɺܼ򵥣ҲҪ̰үүǮҾǼȻ̰үүǮүүҪҪ͹ȥ͵үүǼĴģĪӵĴܵܣĪƷɿûʲôθУ
ΪʲôҲȱȻҲҪүүǮĪӲ⡣
þĪںĪЩвµĪƷɵ˼
ĪƷ˵ʲôŮܣæҲȱǮǮ͵ܣҪǵȱǮٸȥҲʲô£˵ǲǣ
ĪƷɿĪĺر˵һɣ
ֻǻ˵ڣҪĪƷ֪ȰĪӾͲйˡ
ͬˣĪƷҲû˵ʲôֻܹ̣Ҫͺã
ĪƷɣƷɣ˵ȥ⹫żңЩʲô
⹫ÿҲǺܺãȻǾͰ桢׸ɣ˵Ҳû⹫ţ˾ǣټһ㹽ǿôĪƷ룬
ĪƷɽͣ⹫ÿҲǼҺöණҲ֪ҪТǣǸöˣ˼ҲΪ˶٣ǮأҪ鷳ԺǼҪǻʲôöٸȥҲԣ
úܸ˵ĵͷţͺܲˣ
ĪƷɵǵʱ͵͵⹫һǮɣҲ̫ˣҪǷˣ벻Т˳
ããõ
ĪҲûռҶ϶ǷȷʵܺãҪԱĪҲ˵ԼֵмӶԼá
ĪƷˣòŸĪ˵ҿˣС⺢ӾЩ˼أɻǶøжġ㿴ҵǼҺãСҲС
֪ҲûҪôҴŰɣ˭أĪӺƣʲôҫ˼ֻҴŵģ˸оܲãǱԼˡ
ʵҾ÷ˣҲҪ˭ССģ˵ҿСĵҲû
˵Ǽһƺܶ࣬˯ǰ룬ҪǸש߷أأҲҪСٸСȥɣС٣궼ʮˣÿıīֽҲһʲСĿ֧Ȼ˵ǼаĶأĶأֵأҲ֪ʱжʳأš

ʮ λ˼ҹڿ֣
ǵճã·ˣҲЩ޲޻ȻǼһҪƥ޻Щˣʱǿ϶ҪʳӪȴֻܿ㣬廨˵ãһҲܵü㳭һܳͲˣһǵǮﹻãøĪϸš
Ҫ֪ǼǮ˼ҲǼҶǿҪ˼ҾͻǼǮҪǽǮԼȱǮأ˵˵軹ǲ裿õҲҺģʵǳҪ֣ȻҾöҪ裬ǵҪˣҲû˭ǵʲôôѵǶԼˣб֮ǰӸѵ㲻Ҳ֣ҾСɵҲͦõģ֪ǼжǮҲʡЩ鷳ˣ
ĪӺһҲû˵Ҫˣ
ȴ̾⼸࣬˵ǺúõôܹأǲҪǼҵҲڹúǶҪһֱ룬ΪʲôʵʱҲ֪ԼѣҲģƤȽϱܾñѣЩ룬˼ѣǼôУҲǼɵģǼҲѣСɸ˵ıģҾ;⻰رãҪһ룬Ͳ֪ǼѣΪˡ˵ģǼҶҪʱҲûȥ˭ǮҪ裬ǲҲҪŶԷǲѣҪѣҲˣҲŲ鷳ɱôͲôأ
Ĳ϶û¶ٵˣԼûϵɾΪҵӱȴúۣԽԽܣõ
ĪҲܣãûã
⻰ôˣʵҾ˵⻰û˼ˣҪ˵ãûãǷӶӶ磬Ҫ˵ûãҲڣ㿴ǰһũңһ굽ͷʮӶҪ͵ˡҾ⻹ӱ
˺ûûǸܶе˶ãȻû£ǺαأõҲ˵Ҫ˶ҪҾǿԶԶǺõ˺áĺտǲ٣ǸмҪѣֻҪܰæģڣǾͰˡ˵Բԣ
ûǡĪӵ
˷Լú룬ҲʲôҾ֪û˺ˣֻܹ˺Լļˣõ
ţãҺú룡Īӵ
õĸıԵģ벻ǰ˼˵ʲôȥ£ѧ˻λȥ˼˲ܺ޵ߵĶԱƤ
ʮϰ˵ӦҺһԸҹģһּҾ͸ˣڵĲĪĪ룬ĪںӦҳԸҵģڣּˣٰǾҲŤǣ
Ī֪Īںʲô˼ȴΪͬͷӣҿں˵еǺİǽҪǴҲ鲻𣿼ȻˣҳԸҵģѾּˣ
ĪƿԣĪںЩʧģԴǴһȥĪҶһΣֶݳƤǣȴʾûУһдһԸȷʵбöĸųԵõĵ˼˼ְɣ
һ굽ͷҲôһΰˣοⲻǷҵĵһ꣬һԸҹٺ飡
Ị̄ŵںּҵʱ˵˹ʱһһԸҹģ
֪ô˵ڲ𣿷˼ңҶϲڵģٰǽʱǲ黹ҪԹ̫࣡ʱҲ鲻Ըģ⵱ҲŵȥԼҿ϶׼ԼҰԵģ¶ԸȥǿǲãĪںЦЦ
Īû˵ˣרĵĳϵ̡
ˣںȥæİɣҲôһ˵˵öԣûǻǮԹģϷ˻
ĪںһҲû£ͳȥˡ
ͷӣɶͳ飿Ѭǲǣֻ¡
ӣ˵ںΪʲôͲͬأĪʲô⣬ô⣿ּ˭ҷּһֵģοͷ꣡
ͷӣ˵ҲǣôƫĶҲϴ᲻ˣϲΪ⣺ں˵ҲûѾֳȥˡ

ʮ л
Ҫ˵ͷǺõģҲôˣҲ֪ѣ㿴ϵǮǲҲûźǽôҲѾǵһˣϵ
ӣĻ˵˵ô죿һ㶼𣿡Ī̾
ôۣʲô취ҲͷӸӰˣ˵ʲôҲģңϵɲ֪⼸ȥ˶üΣɶҲ֣ûʲôڣҲ֪Ǹȥˣˣ˵ûϳҲ֪ǲǻңǺӻڣҲ߯棡
⣬ûʲô¶ɣĪ˸ǹˣǽǮðȥˣ
ɣģϴʱҲͦģ˵дȥҲ֪ûǮϵ
УҵÿȥĪԽĲġ
ϱҲͦģ˵˵ţҲˣ˵Ҳû԰ɣûǮѲǼҾͦõ˽費ˣ
˼ҵĲҪ˵ɣ˵㲻֪ӵӣǶҪˣǶ˵һ㻹ָȥǮĪһۡ
Թ϶ǾǸľˣǣ֪ô˵ˣɵТ˳гкȵõǣ
ٲãҲԼģһТ˳Ҳ˵Ҳģ
ǣǲȻȥɣ˵š
ĪţǱĪҲֹҵģּҵʱ˵ҹҪһԵզĴ绹ûȥæϿɲɩϻôĵˡ
ǰʱˣĪ󽭿ʱ̣˵УÿȥССȥ󲮼ҿҪҪȥæ
ҲͬĶԻȴǲһģ˵ҹ˵ҪһԣɵڴǱ߻ûǣǲҪҳԸҵģҪãҲԴ󷿵Щˡ
⣿ɣĪӳɣνһĭһ˵ȥĻܲ
ҾԷһǼһҪԼ׼ȻһҪǲ׼ҪûԣҹûóԣɲǿЦģĪƷ˵
Ȼ׼ɣǱЩȷ涳ţҪûǾԼԣͬĪƷɵҲô󷿵ûУ˵ûˣԼҲûԵģҪǱȥ䷹ģܲˡ
⣬үүּҵʱ˵ˣԺÿҹҪһԵģĪӻЩԥ
˵̱ĻүүȻǵˣҴ󲮵ңĪƷһѪĵ
׼ҲûٳҲУ˾
ĪӲ˵ˣҲûԣֻ鲻ĪƷ˵źøŮ˵ˣ󲮲飬ԲҪ뵱ȻȥϹ¡
ʱСôӳˮˮͼŴֲ֪ҪȥæҪȥ𣿡
ţȥתתȥϻһ
Сû˵ʲôתͷͶĪںҵģû㻹˵ǣ㿴˵ҹ᲻óԣͳȥˣҲ֪ǲǸǱǮȥˣ
ȥˣĪںʡ
ɲ𣿡СƲ졣
ˣķȥô໰ĪںҲֹҪɲ
СϿɲĪںǵó˵˵˵˵õģ˹ֵܳǮһҪôӣҪôÿʮ˭Ҷֹˣ˵һʲô㻹˵ǣôŵģ
¶ĪںҲĪںǺȵҵӦõģ
ȻֽͣǲֵôȥûŰҶӹģǶˣҵô죿ҵҲ
϶һҲУҲͲ˵ˣܾ̫ˣԼ˵˵ǳģûûĸûǾûûεģĪϵҲˣ
ĪںĪҲرĿϣˣʲôֲǲ֪Ǿ첻ߵģռҲռ
ǵأҲô۸ģСЦҪ˵ʲôȻŵһɺζѽҵĲˣŽѹĲ˸ˣ
ĪںεҡҡͷϹ߶Ͻȥ

ʮ һθı
ҵģҪҪҲȥתһתҵǲģܿɲǸõģͷҪǺ强Ǯô죿ǰСôһ䡣
Īں룬վҲȥתתɣ¶ҲҪǳԼĺԼģٰȥ϶ﲻ
ʱ۵ĶѾ߽ĪҶСԺˣүү̣ˣĪС棬״æСԺš
СڸأĪʵ
үүЩҪᵽѼȥĪСٵ
أʡ
̣ҵڳĪС˵ţ巿Ӻһүүˣ
զˣĪƿӣһʹһһ͸Ͷȥأ
ӣأĪʵ
Īӳһ£źûأҹʱԡ
ȻĪϵǶǵӣ
ˣǾתתӣ˵ЩȥôĪڰ֣ĵʵ
УտʼΪûİģд˶ˣǮˣֻöĳͷ֮ͶһңĪϾ侲ȴͨ죬һθĸѣ
⺢ӣǺ¶զô˼أĪ˲˼ҪҲûĪӻƭǡ
ϸû뵽ˣʵøƵģ˺ܿϡ
ͦϲģӴҲû׬϶˵զûⷨأȴֹһأզûҪТǮأ˵ģǮɻûأ
ĪӸˣҲǡΪƭĸһʱ̣ĪҪѿڶ嶯
үү̣ˣɣĪƷɼʱĴĪĻ˵ĪˣͲģĪ¶ڶˡ
ȻղſĪӣ˵˵ʲôأ㲻ǺгҲ¶ڶ
ˣǾתתĪܾҲˣҲûȥˣһҪȷһ¶ţĪýĻЩӰҲˡұһԸҹģЩףȻǶּˣǸҳűȽڣ
Īһ£漴æӦţӦõģӦõģǵϲȻҼҳ԰ɣҲ˵ǮʳǿԵġ
ˣǮҲʡŵ㻨ҲֻǰûˣĪ˵
϶˵ǰҲûź⣬ȻܶǮأĪϧ
үү̣Ҳ֮ǰҵû磡ĪƷĪӽӻ
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ĪƷɵүү̣ȵһ£
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ŶԣԣǵȵȣĪӻˣæ
ˣǼҲѣʹɣȻͷӺùТ˳ҲһĪϷ;ܾˡ
ϵҲûԭҲǲǮȴϵ¶¶ˣĪô˵̹ˣ
ɲУԭ˵õģĪ˵˵겻ݾܾȥǮˣǮѾ׼ˡ
үү̣ǿɱߣǮ˵õġֻүү̼£ǼӲùǮֻȸİģһǷţвУĪƷɿ
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ĪƷæţүү̣϶ҪģôѣӦøǵТǰף
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үү̣֪ǣӦТģүү̣ǾŰɣȻҲܰģĪƷɵ
ȻֽͣʣһǮ꣬ͷԣˣٸǣ
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Ǹ˵˲Ҫ𣿡ĪõĵôôԽأ
ŰɣǵТǮеģĪЩһģҪܸ֮棬š
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Ī϶ˣĪοĵӣⷬТģοӹúˣʲôǿǮ⣬ˣǮˣӺùˣٸҲһ
ţģĪԽ
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ǾŰɣͷͿԣĪҲǻȥԺ侲£ȻղҪһֱû˼϶Ҫгġ
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ĪҲʶȤˣæİĵݸϣĪ˵Ķԣ
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ĪܲõŶӵϳһ֪ʲô뷨Ƕ
ĪֻܵӰǮȰţҪã
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үү̣Щ涼ҵде˼ûǮ滻ģТǵģĪƷɷѾĵﰵпࣺһΪʲôʮﶼˣ
ˣԭҲֻ˵˲ȻǮȻǮѾˣĪֱӾܾˡ
̵ǰ滻ģ̿
Ӵ⻹ϺõأϸְףǾϸ˰ɣףûǶĥɾƯʱ᲻ˡ
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ĪƷɶĪȽкøУĪүˡ
ĪƷҲĪЦЦүүûɶģǼһأЩǸүү̳Եģ
ĶĪƷϵ棬ĪѹûԵ͵ǰͷӣȻǺǵТģǾ°ɣ
ϣĪƷɵûʲôУҲûٺøоˡ
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ĪҲæͣǰǰѾͶԲסĸˣٲǮˣΪˣ
ĪĪӶҲӱ죡Īһ㶼ĪӣǸǽͷݣû㶨ԣҪеҲڰӹһ˶Ҫ

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Īڨڨı죬ҲûɶΪɶأ
תͷĪɫģСɰүү֪һ⣬үүˣøүү֤һǮҺܿԣ£ˣ֪𣿡
𲻿׵ĪӣĪĪƷӡ
ĪƷɵͷүүİɣĪҪТТģҪĪ룬ĪӰôТôТ׼ţ
үү̣ǾͿ߰ɣȻҶҪ᲻ˣĪƷɵ
үүţĪ53꣬ˣӹǻӲأС˵飿ȻǮˣͷúòʵĸ⣬ֻڼﲻˣ鶼ܣ
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ʵѾĪƷˣȻһӣʮĶԣ
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Ǵ϶СҲڰĪںӭϻŴ׵Ī
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ܣĪ
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ĪɲСʱ˺׼һ
֮ǰĪĪ˴ҹ¶ͱСϴ򷢻ȥ
ҲĪںˣ˸ۣȥʱҲû¶Ī˵ȻĪ󽭻Īںôɵˣ
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ܣģ㺿ɥأĪںǽһԼǰޣ
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㿴û㻹أҴ綼ôˣռһȥƽҲ֪ǣЩֵܣҲҲûɫģӣûģ᲻ǳԣ˵˵ǾԼ׼ˣڶˣԼʲ֪ԭ˵׼ˣĵĪ󽭼ҲҵĿ޺
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ĪһֱĬҲֲ⻰˵ģʱĪںҲû飬µͷˣŸ˵죬ԼܴڵĲˣô죿
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⻰ĪûǶӣĪǰĪںһܲ¶ֵֵܲͰɣô
ĪȴǲɵЦ˰ɴ磬⻰Ҳƭƭ磬ƭҾͲ˵㣡Ҫľ͹ˣ˵죬ô죿Ҳˣ㶼˵ˣһûǮû˵ģֻͬ£
ּҵʱ˵ĺôһͲˣҪҪ˺ú˵˵¶ĪЦ
˵ʲôּҵʱô˵ĺˣ˵ּҵʱˣһӣҲһӣҰĶأҲĶأҲĶأռʲôˣ˵úĪں˭ҳӷּҲҪĸûһЩҶƽˣ㻹
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ҲҶǸɵӣ˵ʲôʲôĲ¸ˣԹԣĪ󽭲̨ĺ顣
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ĪûӿΪһٷ¶ֵ̨ܻˣĪںʧģɶĪҲʧġ
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ȻֶĪںˣˣˣҲǲ֪Ǹûŵӣ೴˰ɣ¶
ţ֪ˣĪںЩԹģ֮ǰô˵ڵ˺ˣ
ĪںҲû⻰˵ڣǰתԺӣСֶȥˡ

ʮ ϲƣ
泳ôСôûԽȥҲ鲻ԸģڳùŪƹ졣
ĪȻģϵĻƤЦģţ֪ˣȥкԷ
ȥɣȥɣ˵
ĪҴ󷿵ҹȻòƽҲ죬СҲǺǵģڲϾＷһңĪں̲ס䣬Ƥܺ˵ˣ˼ûһ£óԳԸúȺȣҪ˵ˣòˣҲǺǵģ˻ȥ
ҹҲְ
Īö˵Ҳûʲôθڣһͱˣˡ
ߵĹ˾ĪҶȻǲ֪ģ֣߱ĪҶҹͷʢ֣ӭµһϲϢ
ĪƷҲܺϲȵŹˣֻǼ㹽ζʮֵڵ⣬ϸ壬ִĺóԶˡ
ˣĪƷɻ˵ǴŹǣҲᣬ֪ǴŹǿǸҲʵǲˣǸԿû뵽ûˣؼζ
ԼҲϲˣû뵽ڵζҲܺá
ȻʲôΣ˱ʵȵȵĵɫˣΪûʵ㣬һ㣬ϴȥΣȻգҲǳˣٷʢҹԵô춼ͣ
ĪƷɶûпסԼԵˣοأ
ҺþûԵôˣ̲סЦ⡣
ãⶼĹͣˣĪܺõĵ
ҵĹͣҶæһˣòӹ˵Сɵ뷨治û뵽ŹǻǴ׵ģؼǻôóԣ
ţȷʵĪӵŹҲҪǰԣǻͷڼаĴĪ˵ˣ
˷ҪʰˣĪȥЪţæУԭŷԶҳԴּԺ仰ԽԽСˣû취ȣҪĪӲæͿÿɲУ
ҲȥЪŰɣҸܵʰͺãĪƷɵ
һڵİ궼ʰˡ
꣬ڼģĪƷɾ͸ʫɣҪûϵģһˮô
ððĪСܳţ»ȫѧ˶ã
Ҳ̫ܳƫģĪûռǱ˵˼
飡ž죬û˯ѹöһ¹
֣ϲƣĪƷĪӹֵȻȻ£漴֣ȻҪ
Īһ£漴̲סЦѧĴʣͦ˳ڵģĪ׼˺ĪƷɵһ
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ĪƷɸĪС٣ĪСܶʱͬĵ֪˵̲꣬סһЦ
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Сĵ㣡ĪӸһǵƤٲǵģʲô
ѽĪƷԼӣоԼҪĵˣ̲סġ
СǸиĺӣЦеĵ
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Īӵ˵ʱСЦŸϵТ˳ŸĨǳ̫̫ŻеĶأ
ҲЦ˻ɲ˵ôᰡ»ؿɱƷˣúö飬ԵõģɱΪʡǮԣ㶼ˣ⼸úòĪᣬҪ˳ж˳ۣ̲סĪġ

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Īһ˿Уɫİֳ漴΢Цẉ̂ӦģʵĨҲûǮҲûʡ
⺢ӣ߯ʵˣûǮһأ˵ʲôسǵ¿ˣСŶӱ
Īǰɩ˰
ɲʮ˾ͷżˣ⺢˵ҪѧһֱŻⶼˣСҲ۵ģ⻰ǻشĪӵĻҲǽϺĻ
ĸĪ᲻ɫĴһҶϴķ׵޷һ˿ӣȴǲɫ
̣ĸø磬ãĪƷû˵ĪСȺˣĪƷҲ˳ſڡ
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Īһ˿ͣԴֹ˹֣̣壬ȥ飡
⺢Ҳ̫ùˣСװģ̾ȻתĪƷɣСɣѧô
ĪƷɸЦĸҶһ㣬ûøùҲûĪƷ˵úܸɴ࣬λ
ȻˣĪƷҲ֪֮ģΪҲʲô£˼ҪȣҲֻ˼ҲˣȻô
˵ĪںҲˣĪںһīɫĳУͷϰźɫͷ˵ŻͦƵģֻĪںЦţӣǹˣɣأ
磬ãĪӹ˹֡
󲮣ãͬĵ
ĪںɫɨĪһ˵װˡ
ĪںЦԽ飺ãǳûҪûԣڴ󲮼ҳԵ㣡
ˣ磬ǳԹ˲ģĪӾܾ
˵䣬ҶĪмϣϻһѣǸ׼ġ
磬磬ãĪҲˣ磬ôô磿
δֻĪ󽭴һɫĳ񲼣Ͽ˿ĪںͷҲһһģ
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ãףϸ綫ٱɽ
ףүү̼⣬󰲿
Ī촩Űɫ޷ϣͷЩ㣬ȴЦ棺ãã춼
ȻϿʼһһҪ
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ҲǣһҪĵĪ˵⼸Ǯĺôۣ
СɣߣҷȥҸĪϴЦĪƷ˵
ܣҿʲôöĪƷҲҪ˵ĪҴΨһкøеľĪˣΪĪϲĪǰ㿴ˣֵܽöҲǫ顣
զģø磬ô͸õܴҲ̫ƫˣҲĵܵܣĪڱϣ⻰ܲޡ
Īһ£漴õܣôûǵģֻұһĸǣиϲģȻȲˣǾһɣ
ʵĪϻĪƷɴΪ֪ĪƷ˽飬Ĳû䣬ȻҲûȥ˽Ӷ飡
ø磬ҲҪĪϹű飬˵Ȼ̵ֻһ죬˿µıȥˡ
ĪƷɣɪɪ
Īϣ
ĪߵľٶɹĶĵһߵĪƷɡĪϻĪˡ
Īܲ˵ģ̲ס˵СôҲܵܰѱһ񲻶ģ
ĪﲻΪ⣺ø磬ʲôСʱҲôģҵܵЩ纮ϰΪģ
Īĵ˭СʱˣΪҸһ̭𣿡ҲԼʲôģҸұȣ
Ī⻰ǲţСϵĸǾˣҲһѧһжߣʶ֣˾ǼʵͦɾģͻݣЩ̫ƽˣЩС
ںǣСȻˣչ˵ĺúõĲ˵ΪԺǼ˺ԶԺǵоֹҪϸʳסҲ޾ϸڹţ

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ǲȻѡЩʲôĪӵĪӵѼëִ޷˲Żѡġ
ҾͦõģǼһƥӣԸøѼëĪƷûĪӵ˼

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ĪӼĪƷôϣ˵ˣĪƷֻĬˣСɣҪǾÿԵĻǾɣ
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ãղſСϵΣģʱˣöЩȫ˵ģֻҪͬ⣬ãܷϵ
СɣһѼëҾû͵ʲôĪ룬ǲ˲ŴѼëоĲ˲ϣίһַʽ
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Ӣ˵ףеģԼҸŵļѼҪ˲ӵģã˭ﶼҪе뷨ǿĪƷɼӶֻʣһѹͷˣҲЩҲΪͬ飬õ֣˵óôǶԵģ㿴ӶˣҪúòãԼҲҪۣһӣɱûڱ˼ҵҪĻǵﲻۣҶҪ۵ģ
ɩǷּˣþԼ֮ǰôûŸ˵һأڴҶ֪Լּˡ
ӢĻҲû롣
ʵϣӢҲȷʵû˼ǿǸĶǺöҲǿзѺǸɲţТ˳ԼʹũɼӼЩö˼Ҷǿôԣģ˵ˣĪ˵ҹͺ˵ˡ
ӢЩȣɶּˣʲôʱ¶
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ıԴΪѧ˵ȭŹ򣬳õ˸ģƤڣĪƷ͵͵һӢŴ˴ˣһŷĹˣү
ԴĳøѣһԲװֵģЦ̬䣬Ҳ΢׳Щ۾ƫСЦ۾вˡ
ĪƷı٩ɽýζģطﶼȥҲûһеֲžܿȫŵıĪƷɶԼˡ
Ӣ˰񫣬źͣ˸ظңҸ裬ȻˣӢܻ¶ĪҶȥĪҶȻǲϣһ˾ô·ˡ
ĪƷŽţ鲻Խķһ̾оڼȽҪ
ڼȱƽĪӻȥĪСٸĪСǶҪţ˵ﲻ϶æǶƣʱĲշУẠ̊́տǿԵģһ⣬̴ֱǺˡ

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ʹĪƷҲǱȽܵģҪǿԣԼһ䣬ŲﲻɾĳС˯һأ
㻹˵شңĪƷɵ
СɣȻСܲϴǾ˰ɣЦš
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ˣһϴϴͺãݾͺˣ˵š
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ǶȥˣʣĪӸڼҡ
ã˵ҪҪȥտߣĪӾᰡտıϵǺܺû֮ǰ飬տıóʱûò˲ǣտıˡ
ĪӻЩڼտıҲտı
⣬Ҳ֪治㲻˵տ𣿡
û˼һ⣬ŪⲻˣĪңտҲû֪ǲǻҵ
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Ҫ˵ԭĪҶֻѼӶɱˣ˵ҪĪһֻһֻģĪΪֳѼĪӾ;òóˣĪƷɾûйϵĪӾǾ飬ߵУĪƷɺ
ȻĪܲѼûգõȻҲóˣȻͷ˵©ˣ͸ˣѼӻһֱأ
ûĪʲôͣĪ֣֣𣿡
ڣڣĪ۾һտ֣ôˣ
갡Ī˵Ҳǵģּˣ˵һֵˣտı΢𱸣ȴ͸һǡ
ֻտıһԲΪ㣬Ƥ𪣬üëŨܣ΢΢˿ζһ°ɫУŲƤѥͷл壬ŵһϢ
տıô˵
տ֣ʵᣬᣡĪӿˣտı󻹸ǰһĳװˡ


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տֲ֣ʲô£Ҳʲô£ֻһ£ʲôġĪտı̲סˣտ֣ǲ⣬ԺӰɣһſĪӺȻûտıȥѣ⻹дʱлľĻģ
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ã̸һĪӶʱ緢ܾû˸̸ˣƵѹѹˣ绨ѩµ˵·ǺңԶˡ
ĪܸտıĵӺϵҲкܶƣôͶԵȻˣ˵ӺϵָԸһտıϾһȽԽļͥǵʦĽͣ游ҲǵʦĽ͡
ֻѧͣүүѧԺͣСտı˼ϸֵõտıԸɱĪӹ϶ˣһǫ飬ǷǣʶɲĪܱȵġ
Īӵʤڹϣ֪ͼտıĪ˺ܲЩûôأͷҪȥˣָĪĵһЩ۵㣬˾˵ơ
ȻˣҲųտıĪӺܿЩɵ۸ģȴһƣĪƷԻԭ
տ֣Ǹʲôô˶أĪӱΪΪͣأ˭֪տı󻹴˶
Ī֣ŴӦõģĪֲƾ˰ɣҪĪֻô´ҿɲ˼ˣտıĵҲ֪Īӵĸԣ˵úࡣ
⣬⣻տ֣»ĪҪˣǸˣĪЦ̾˵һǷȥ֮꣬ǰ£ʵǶԲס㣬㻹
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ѶȥźãտıԺϣһֺ󿪿ڣĪ֣¡ӡѵ桭
˵ѧϵ⣬ĪӾģʼտı粵óӡⱾտıԽ
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ĪƷѰ˰죬ҲûһĶļñϵʯͷûڣȻѾˣǱϾǰ汻Ա㲢
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ϣĪƷɿüĵطмˣЩԶڹȻɾͱסˡ
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ĪƷֻܶŽţԼַһ߹һصĴ꣬ϣˣðؼҡ
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ּ֮ľʮֻĪƷһˣ˲У߿͸ˣĪƷɾһ߿㱻ˣǿ޶ûطȥûװӡ
ĪƷֻԼûЪһСŻصȻͷּһİˡ
İ˳һŶ쵰üĿģƤְףΪ˧
İ˳ڰ֣Сɰûôˣôˣ
տãĪƷɷ˷䣬տı󣬾ĪΨһĪ档
ãã˵ţտı˸ĪƷɵϡ
ĪƷæллտ壬ǲˣҶˣ
ǰտ֣ɲܸĪҲû뵽տıæš
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տ壬Ǯ治ҪҶˣĪƷ˵
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ĪӸտıһôģԭΪǺģ˭֪úӸˣ
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˵ТסˣҪӲТӺΪТտıεҡҡͷĪ֣һֱ֣ΪĻӵˡֳƣǵܵܣҲʲô񣬶Դ㶼ûꣻȴǣؼԼԼҲ֪˼ȥˣ
ĪӲˣտı˵ĺ񶼶ԣ־úﲻԣʾԼɭôûվأ


ʮһ 
ּ֮ľʮһտıĪӾľҲٶ˵ˣֻҥܿɣʥдģĪɽĪﻢύĲƣΨ꼰䡣ܹƴʥܲݡҥһڣ뻴ֵ·ˣİӡ˷䣬ɽǧءѣɷ塣䣬ɡܱ˼١Ҿдرãⲻ˵Ҳ
ڹ±Ҳһסҥʫ߲֪Ҹ˾дļáôдģύ֪αסʵءӷҲݣ졣ɽΪнʾࣿϳú˼ɣ˼͸ˣҲͶˡ
Ī֣ҿ벻ҲˣԺ¶Сɵо⣬ղ˵ʲôģ㽲ӦҲˣ
Īӱʾǲɭ⣬СɻǸӣʵЩ²
ôˣ±ǿӱ㻹òƲ¶ףѧо仰дΪʦСɱ˵ֻ⣬ңҾöʹãտıˢˢˢֲĪ
Īӣ
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ĪʫӨĿտı壬Щ죿
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տãĪʫӨġ
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ĪҿĺܷʢĪƷȻҲˣĪƷɵǿҽ£㣬ûôԹ˸տʼЩԲߣζЩǳϰˣǾӵ
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﷢ʼӳϰᶫҲĪƷûش⣬ĪƷ԰ڣƷɣ㿴˶㣿˸ģ㿴㣬ǲǸ񣿡


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ĪƷɻϡ棺ͦģ﷢лл㣡
СֱлĲ˼ͷûʲôġ
漴أ㿴⻭ǲرĺãҾ;رĺÿɽҵҲɽʱһţһ֪ǺˣСرĿġ
СָĪƷɴĶ治١
磡ĪʫӨĪСͼԺİˣЩµĶĪƷߡ
ʫӨСˣﲮﲮǺܶæأϲԵǴŹǣﲮǵŶĪƷӵԴӡ
ﲮãĪʫӨĪСġ
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﷢СһĪƷɣƷɣǼѽܵ𣿡
ǰĪƷɴ
﷢ЩĽǼСȻҲţǼڴ͵ģΪСģ˭һ£﷢ƣ޲øĸСĺӡ
ĪƷĪ﷢ͻȻ۷Ź⡣
ʫӨСǰɣҲǴˣԹѸ񫣬﷢Ҳ·ģҪԼ߶ͳľµѣ糵صǺ«ҪĪƷɷģǻûü˵ֺõܵˣ
ĪʫӨĪСܺҪ͸ſɻǱֽ֣ֱĪƷ˵ԣӲŽӹǵ﷢ϵܵԽϲˣѽô£ɰأ
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磬ˣʵǲ˼ˣĪӶƹ˹֡
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˳壬ǵĪҲжˣһУи¶͹
ôˣ˯𣿡ǿ⣬˵ôһ䣬ͦģԱڡ㡱ﻹ˯Ű
ã˵ǰԼõһҹĵ𣿡ĪӾɵ֪ԣֻǵʱûϸ˼ԽĥԽòԣȴһֱû˵ֱĪҲʵǱﲻסˡ
ΪĪ˼˺ܶ⣬Ǹտı̸ʱĪӶ˼˼Ϊʲôƻտı󶼱Ƚ֧ĪƷɵ·ĪҴ󷿵ӿĪӵͷ
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⣬˵𣿡Ҳʵ
Ҿ¶磬ǰҪ˵ʲôѶҪ֣Īӵﲻ֮ǰĪƷ˵ĻԽֹ
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ã˵ΪʲôСɵʱҹϣ֪ʲôǲµˣĪѹʵĪƷ˵ĻԺصĸ֡
⣿Ҳûпܣõ
ĪӲˣʵ֣ɷϣĪӱʵʱ뷨˼żû˵ȻҶ֪ʵˡ
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µģԼ룬ǰûּǰռ˵ļң嶼ûڴֹãҹС£ҴôҴҲʲôˣռ˱ȥ𣿡ĪƷĵĽ͡
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ּ֮ľʮ½˵Ҳɣ⻰ĪƷǰŴʱ򿴵ģôһ䣬ʱľرãż
ĪЩģ֪ʲôĪƷҲû
ӽûгȥ棬ѩˣһѩʱ綼ǰ׵ģĪƷɳʱ򶼾ú׳ۣװعõʵУʵ̫Ưˣ
ĪСڶѩˣĪƷѵҲ¼УĪƷⷽȻ缸ӣĪСܳЦ磬㻹ǲҪˣ㿴ѵĶ󣡡
ðȻҳЦңУĪƷתתһѩ򣬾ĪСܡ
ĪƷɶѩ˲զ׼ͷеģĪСһע⣬ѩˣѽ磬ˣв˵һͿģ𣡡
СܣҵˣĪСεĨһϵѩ
磬ңǴ̫թˣĪСܱ
ĪƷС٣ʲô𰡣ѽ˭ңȻĪƷɾͿĪʫӨСЦۡ
ۣʫӨȻ͵Ϯô㣡ĪƷɺܿһѩҹȥûȿأѽ˭ңðĪС٣㱨㾹Ȼңǰɣţ
ѽҴˣŴϵѩȴĺɣȻѸٿҡ
տʼǼһ¡⡱ҲĪƷɣΪĪƷɺܻ㣬ȻˣǾͱ˻սҲ֪˭ǵ˭ˣ֮һң
ЦţȻȥ˳׼һ
˵ˣһƨɶնϣԣֱĪƷɣĪƷվԺֳϥǣͨ죬ˡ
ĪСٵ磬Ҳ̫ˣôôܶأĸȻԸһ
ǣѧ츳أĪƷɻΪ⡣
Ī߳÷ԸȥȽĪƷɵĻ̿Сɣ⺢ӣٶĻĪҲû˵ˣΪĪӵĪƷŮģôѧ츳УҲðŮѾˣҪŮȥ
ĪԸʹȻȥӡ
湻˽湻˿ȣĪӵ
С٣СܣʫӨСȽȥĪƷɶԵ֣ܵ
Ӳ鲻ԸĪСּۻۣ˰ɣҲûɶ
Ⱦͺȣôôϻôѩ㲻𣿡Īӻû˵ĪƷɾͰѵ
ŶӲٳˡ
ӳüģĵ֪ǲȽŶģղﳢһ£ζǺܲģ
ĪʫӨ۾һ𣿡
ȻˣʫӨһ¾֪ûƭˣĪʫӨСԴ˳ְһĵݸĪʫӨ
֪мǣûôųˣֻĪСԼˣֲԾˣ磬ôûȣ
ŶǴˣԲúȣĪƷɴȻûа졣
Сɣʮһ꣬죬ѽˣùſӣûĪƷûȡ
Ҳô⣬õĪƷ˲ĵĺˣ֪ôԼãúܷģ˭֪ˡ
Ĳˣ㿴ӻȺģͷϻкأûţĪƷɾܾ˵һὪ𣿳ԵһҪ׷ȥܻ
˷ŽûǰǲԵ˵Ľˡ
ҲУ˲ˣģȰš
ĪƷɻҡͷܾĲҪȡҲҪһȣúõȥȥ
Ҹûѩ̣ˣСɣѽ˰ɣĪҲȰû룬ֻǲĪƷ
԰磬㻹Ǻ˰ɣǶˣĪСҲûô࣬Ȱ
磬⽪ͦúȵģ˿˿أĪʫӨСͷ˵
ĪС°ͣоԼʲôĪСҲǸ磬ǲǲϲȽ
ĪƷһƲͷȥŲأǺãȻǲúˣ
ĪСӹ๾תҲ֪ûš
ǱĪСĻͱƣĺҲˣĪСٵ磬Ҳ̫ˣղŻѵǣԼȣ
磬ҲȽ𣿡ĪСû뵽羹ȻҲһȽ
ĪƷʸڷϣ˭˵ˣ
㲻ᣬΪʲôȽ˿˿ģʵͦúȵģĪʫӨ֪ĪƷȽˡ
ĪƷɵƤٺҲסش֪䣬ĵĺЩǱĵ˵ˣôȽأֻʣһˣҪǺˣûô죿



ʮ ָݣ
ּ֮ľʮ»ָݣɶ£ĪСٷӦܿ죬ŵƤ
ĪƷɣ
Ī̲סЦ⣺û뵽ƽضµŮȻϲȽ
ЦȰУСɣŵǰɣζûôŨˡ
ĪƷǵֲס˵ġεĵǸ׼ˮһҪȡ
ãҪ𣿡õ
ҪĪƷҡͷ
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ŪöЩģСɣôˮû°ɣѶӳŻˡ
ģĪƷɵ
̲סĪƷɵԴӣŪĪƷ˿˼תȥ飡
ңĪƷûչĪС٣ǸСͽ
ĪСʵ磬
ĪСܵ磬ˣǸģ
ԭһȽѽǽĽúȣ˿˿ģĪʫӨĵ
磬˽ŲܣԿҩҩĪС˹ɡ
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ʫӨͽʫӨΪãĪʫӨϷ
ĪƷɣ
ĪСٿĪƷһԱӣҲ̲סЦ
һʱ䣬˻ЦĪƷҲסˣ΢΢
˵ǲӦûָСɵˣСĪӣۿźùˣòճ̣СҲСˣٲѧЩŮգԺôˣ
ã˵öԣȷʵӦùˣЩСɣĪӵͷԳŮεģȲҲϲһУڼѹŮӵӾ͸ùˣϵǲ֪ɺΣֹˣԿĪŮΪʲôȡǾΪָݵʱ򣬲û֡
ãЩˣĪõ.
࣡ҡҡͷȴס۾һ죬һᣬ
ãޣǵĺӻںͷأĪӵһܶǮʱ
ţŷõСɳ޵ʱҪǿԣЩױ˵𣿡
ȻˣǿǷСɵģΪӺùЩһֱί⺢ӣںӶ£ԽΣĪھεĵ
ҲǣдЦʵҲ̫ģСɵҲܴŮʮ޵ĶǣСִֶѧ꣬Ӧþܼ
ţҪŬǮҪСѧŮҲûϵʱСɼױһЩСɾͲˣĪ¾ģͷȥһЩ鱾д
ʲôҪָҵݣҲͬ⣡ĪƷɻΪصԼϲʲôϲأǻָԼݣĪƷ˵
Ϊʲôͬ⣿Сɣ㿴˴ƯȹӣƯ·ԴƯΣͲĽ𣿡ò⣺Ҳ̰ڵȥѧϰһкһɻ˵ţõҪЩ꣬ˣ
ĪƷȴһ㶼ĽǾˣ⿴ôˡ
ôҲ룬ŮȻԴƯ·ԴƯΣҲ̰ڵѧϰô˵ŮҪҪæҲٰũŴĴãĪƷĲŮܱȵк٣ֲǴҹֻҪѧͺãǼҪģȻҪιѼιɨأȥժҰˣȵȣȵȵĻƣͺܿ£µǲţȥȥ
ǹŴøеĲǴҹĲǴûǴҹ㣬ŮһֵܵӣĪƷһ㶼õк࣬ң
ĪƷɵҲÿ࣬ҾõкͦõģŮһŵģ˵ʲôʲôҪܵӣ
ĪƷһĿ࣬ĪӶԲ۾һò૵ĵСɣ˵𣿡
İΪʲôҪָŮӵݣҾͦõģĪƷĵͷ
Сɣ㲻ͼ޲ȥ𣿵ŮװȲѣһֱˣ޷ˣõ
ˣ㿼̫ԶˣĪƷɲ˵Լˣ룬ǰ⻰ʻȥ⻰Ҫ˵ڹЩˣ



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ּ֮ľʮ˵ԶˣСɣѾʮһˣʮ˵ŮӶǣҲǽЩ꣬ҶӺһЩҲʮͼˣʮĶȽˣ㲻գŮ죬ЩɶҪѧİøĪƷš
ĪƷɿ˵棬Ȼĺݹ¶û׼һ뵽ԵĿ籩꣬ĪƷɾЩǰͲһӶⱲҲˣΪŴĻҲǸܿµĴڣĪƷǺ޲һӶеģԼ
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ĪƷ룬ҾǵĵȫŮôѧϰˣԺʫӨˣҶҪѧϰЩҹ㲻ж𣿡
ûУǼڻûôǮ·֪Ҳ㣬¶ҪǹˣǾǶүүƣý̿籩Ϯ𣿵ʱأ۷׷ףܵ𣿡
ܼܲˣ᲻ŮգŮװûʲôϵֻҪŮ㣬Ƕģ˼ǵģԷŮװ飬ʲôʱ򹫿ȣһĲõŹҵݣĪƷɵ
⺢ӣĪƷɣĻûڣǣզأ
е㷢ŮҰ˰ɣ⻰˵ģŮӵķӦûУܼ޳ȥ
СɣܲһӲɣĪӱĪƷ˵ЩˣﶼЩҡˡ
ȻˣǵʱٿҾھԲǺʱĪƷ˵úƶʵţһӶкʱģ
ĪƷָĸоͷǳ˵ˣڷĪƷ˵ҲͦеģҪĪƷɣ񲻹ҲǲôҴŵʱô𱸣Ŀ籩꣬һ뵽Щ͵ˡ
ǣСɣ᲻᲻ãΪԼ£ͻŮһӣ
ģǾ仰ֻҪҹ㣬ʱ˶ˣĪƷ˵ն
ɣŮգŮӶҪѧģҪǼкӣЩ㶼ûʱѧˣüѵĵоԼ׶ҡˡ
ҪҵˣҪҵܿϾˣнʿǮˣǻ᲻ŮգʲôϵĪƷдʵĵǼĸҹҪԼŮյģΪ޲ȥģЩг𣿡
ãȻúеôƣ
ĪӣȻüϵĵҪѹôƣ
ǣҹҪ黭ģĪҲҡˣҲòΪԼŮһӡ
Ҳÿҹ㶼ЩĪƷɵ˵ˣҶѾˣʲôǿ˶˵ȢȢͣ͸ϻֱĿⳤԶŮûҪôʱǾ͵˰ɣΪ˲ݣĪƷҲƴˣɾԼ
ĪƷ˵úţƽĪƷɳⶼûôŹĪ˾ȻЩ췽ҹ̷ŮЩϻ֪ģ˵ƷʲôģԼŮôܻ᲻أԭĻɣֻӲһЩˣ漰Ʒ⡣
ĪҲˣֻĿⳤԶĪҲûù㶫ŮŮװ֮»мкܻʶ飬Ϲɲô룡
ĪӻеǿԵģ֪ĪƷ˵ЩʵЩ췽ҹ̷ֻǴҲԿĪƷж෴ˡ
õŮãȻкܶжѡˣȫûġ
ùϵĵȻˣǲʱ˵Ȼ˵˻࣬ǻ粻˵˵ˣŮȷʵǺ㣬Լ֮ǰĸʲô
ЩǵĪӳɵĵǣҪĻʲôʱʱ죿
ĪƷûƱˣǵҾͲ֪ˣǵ֪ʱ϶죬룬ǼһéݣڴҲûʲôеʲô¶ҶҪ۷׷ϣһһĭҪˣοүү̣
ǣðɣĪʵﻹʵģóĪƷɵĲԸĪƷ˵ҲһĵԾ;˳ĪƷɵ˼ˡ



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ּ֮ľʮͺզͬˣĪƷ˿Լ˼أȴû뵽ȴĪӿˣҪƽĪӿ϶עⲻǽ첻һΪĪӲĪƷɵ˼עĪƷɵı飬ⲻĪƷɿģˡ
ĪĪƷɵԴӣСɣ£ŬǮ㵱ϴҹģ
ΪʲôŬأĪƷɺʡ
ĪӿЦԼ֪Լ£׿ˣǲôˣ˵ԼٴĪӶΪԼһĶãһǮһ߶飬ⲻԲԵ˿⣬ȷʵû¡
ôˣĪƷɲףҿ󲮲㿼˵𣿡
󲮣󲮱ȵˣĪӵ
ĪƷɾͲΪȻˣ˵ҿðɣ󲮱ſ˺ü꣬һξͿˣ˭˭һȻ
Īæֵô˵󲮶ģҲᣬ󲮻ǻᣬôҴ⿼£ܶģ
ôô˵һ⣬ܴܲδζɣô˵㻹ȴ飿С㶮ö಻Ӧõ𣿡ĪƷɵ
Ҳô˵ģ㿴󲮣ΪʵһЩʱ䣬󲮻ʶöˣûãûʶˣĪӻûԼĪں
ʶ˶ʲôãڵĹտҵģʶһտ壬ȴܰǼҺܶæʶôˣʲôˣһտͿԶ϶ˣ㻹㣿ĪƷɺЦѵǱ˭ʶ˶ǻף
Ҫʶ˶࣬ͶȥμʲôʫἯģ̸ϴǮ˳Էò˰ֻ꣬ΣҲʶöˣҪʶ͸ˣÿվϣҲø𣬷˾͸˵ãк죬ͷ㿴ʶ˶಻ࣿĪƷɵ
ĪӻǾŮ佱Լ̫ˣȻЩϲɻǾûţ
ɿĪƷ˵һ棬Ī˼ĪƷɣСɣ˵ģ
ʲôģĪƷһʱ仹ûץסĪʵĵ㡣
Ϊ󲮴Īʡ
ĪƷɿ϶ĵͷǰԼżꣿ󲮶ּꣿЩСûȴûõ;ϣǵ㿴ޱľȴ󲮴㿴һξͿˣҴأ˵⣬ܴܲδζɣҪΪҾҲʵһ֣
԰㲻ҪԷƱҪ֪֮ûҪԷƱ̸˵̫ˣûн䱸ģ˵ʲôʲôȥ˼Ҳȥ˵ĶԲԣû˽ģʲô̬̫ˣŻĪƷɵ
Ҳ֮ǰϷҹĪƷˣ֮ǰҪҳԺĪƷɶ֪ĪӵĽˡ
ھͲͬˣҹ˵Īӿʼȥ˼ˣɵɵĲȥνˡ
ȻĪƷ˵⻰ĪûƵ˵ĪƷ鳤ʲôģĪƷɵԴӣ֪ˣõú룡Ů˵ǶԵ
ţúɣȴ̫ˣƷжȻЩظΪǫ飬ֻԸЩ֮ǰ̸ѹúˣԸ񲻹ϣ²ɴ࣬覲褣ĪƷпϵ۵
ĪЩȵĿĪƷɣľԼŮˣưԸ˵׼׼ġ
ĪӶĪƷɣСɣЩǾ˵˵˵ȥ֪Ļ˾õ񣬾Ǽ˶񣡡
İɣзִģ˵꣬ĪƷɾͳȥˣڸղ˵ЩҲʲôûпϾˡʿûǮҵȫõˣΪĸԺԼģԺúûǿԼǿǣҲ̫ѹ
Īˣϲֺ죬˵⺢ӣզ˵ôأʵǻϲǴѹѹȥһֱ߸ߵֵ⻰˵ĪƷֻܻĵӿȵΪĪƷɵԴԼָжģ˵
ĪֻԼӵȫõŮΪʲôԼ֮ǰûŮĻ˵ɶɶԼµһ˵
һţĵĺۿµϲõˮ
ĪƷ죬ʵĪӶԼԴͷͺզ죿



ʮ Ϣ
ּ֮ľʮϢһĪ˵ԺĪҶվ͸ӺгˣŮ֮ĸҶʧˣȷе˵ĪӶĪƷĸʧˣڿĪƷɸʲôϡƵģҲȷʵǶĪƷɱòˡ
ԭĪӵƢͺãҲ㣬ڶĪƷɾ͸ƴӣĪƷ˵ɶĪӶġ
ĪСٸʲôϡ¶ƵĿ죬ȷˣͷ͵͵ĪƷɣ磬﷢ʲôҲ֪¶ΪɶҾյرĺã
ô㲻𣿡ĪƷɷʵ
ͦõģĪСٵ
ǲ͵ˣĪƷɵ
ĪСٲ磬ɱң֪Ҳ˼
ʲô˼ĪƷɵǲ̫ˣﱳûУ
ˣĪСٵ
ȫˣˣˣĪƷɿɲúơ
ĪСˣû
Ȼ֪Ͻȥһʱ𣿡ĪƷɶֳǣĪСٸȥˣ
ʮͼˣ⼸ȽУĪƷҲϽѹμҪ֪Щ൱ںҵġ
ĪСҲҪȥˣĪ⼸ҲץʱѵĪС١
磬տıˣܼ򵥣֪ĪڻûͿ˳ΪտıȻĪӵǣһϢտıⲻ
ӣ˵ҪҪȥһԣտıصİĪһߣѹ
տ֣лĺ⣬ҾͲȥˣĪӺ֪֮ȻûƷҲְΪûҪĻбģһСţũģҪĻûĻҪûģܹϣҪ֪λÿһģúˣ࿴ָƽأԾ˶Ҫȥġ
㻹ɶûأ˵ȥտıҿɴˣһȱ˲ˣǿȥԣ
տ֣ǸģȱɶˣǶֲңտһƬ⣬ˣĪΪ˴ƣɵӣˣ˽ˣϵٻ˽⵽һЩģ֪ʹҲ˭ȥԵģҪԱƼ߿¼ã󲿷ֶǹԱƼΪģʱͺˡ
ϢҲǺڲģû㶼֪Ī֪տıܵϢ϶Ϊȡģȥʲô
ҪԣҲҪտƼȥԣⲻ֪ҪѶ飬տıտӦõģɸĪӣĪϲȥռˣ
Īĵףտı󣺡տֿȥԣһϣ
Ī֣ûԶûԣô֪УҸ˵ѵõģտı
Īȴѵõļ֣տ֣ĺˣĲˣ
ǣɵӣտıյΪĪӵڤ粻顣
ĪˣЩЦտ˵ɵҾտҲòȥտֹˣȴҽǺѣȴ㾡ľûеõκλرǸɵ
տı̲סĪһۣզģҰ㻹ˣ
ȻûУֻЩпտ࣬ĪӺεºʶôһλʦѣǷЩ飬Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹϣ
տıȴǺЦӣɲƽ㣬пˣʲô̼ˣͻĨƵģΪҾͲˣ
տǧգ˵ĶǷθ֮ԣ֪տǵңҲ룡տֲõģĹȥæģڵҲˣԺҲδû·ӿߣտĪҪǣĪӹֵ
ĪӾ֮ǰĪƷ˵ĻʶտıһĵֵùĪںʶЩˣĪӻȷŵģĪںʶЩˣûͣû˭տıĶĪӾ;ĪƷɵ⻰̫ˣ
㰡ӣ;㣡տıҲĪǴⲻˡ
ʵĪӲϵԭտıҲΪʲôĪӹϵãΪĪӴԳϣ飬ҪῼΪѲΪأͲץסأʹֶӵĳæ
տ֣ﵹһɻҪտְæһ£ĪӵҲתƻ˼
ʲô£˵տı
տ֣ҸҸ磬˭ȽϴĪѹʣüˣ⼸һֱ顣
ǻ˵ǰǸ߹ˣ翴ƴǶЩСõ;ϣ㣬ˣûǶ˼ֻһֱţôˣտı



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ּ֮ľʮнĪ𣬺֮ǰտı˵ʱرĲͬҲտıĺģԶտı⻰ѡԵĺˡ
ĪһЦ⼸첻һֱ˵Ļ˼𣿾ͺȻ뵽ˣ
տı˵úǿ治ףԴӻ˼˰һֱΪĪӵԴľͷţ
ĪεЦˣտ֣
˵ĺݣҾһ㶼ݣտı
տ֣Էɣòˣףտ쿪ʤĪӵ
ðǾͽ㼪ԣĺþƺòˣտıûĪ˵£ѾĲˣȻѣЩҲ˵ô͸ԺʹĪ֪Ҳġ
Ҳãտı˵Сƣ㷹Źȥ
ĪӵҲСˡ
ŪΪʲô£Īӡ
ĪӸ˵ĵãľС˵ûʶտһ϶أ
þˣȻأΪ⣬ôˣ
ǵȻˣѵһ֪տʵΪĺѣ˼Ҷٺأ˵ֵֵøˣĪӾһϲ¡
ȷʵӦøˣЦˣΪʲôأ֮˾ͺã
ʱһΣ͵ԪڣĪҶԼԪһֵԪ
˯ǰĪӶĪƷ˵СɣҪܵȥ
ʮһ죬һ磬ĪĪƷɸĪСС·ϣ·ϻ˴к
ӣôźʲôȥѽ˼ʵ
ûɶⲻСҲ𣿸ȥѧöˣĪӵ
Сٽ꼸ʡ
ʮ꣡
ǲСˣС٣ȥѧúúöۣѵˣ˱һĵĵ
ĪԺ˲ۿˣ˹ˣ˵ĪҶզҿŻͦǮأ
϶Ҫȥˣѧѿɲأ˵Ҫ
òҥɣ˵ҪҲûۼŻйȥǼأ
ǣǣҲˣһǼҸ˲⣬þԺӵ
˵ۣĪȻǲ֪ģĪƷڸĪӽ˵ҪȥץѼ𣿡
զ᣿ŻץͶˣﶼҽˣĪӵ
ĪƷһʱ֪ôˣΪ⻰˵ҲûɲлץôܾЩԾֻҲѼӣ֪ôץ
ʱ䣬ĪҵѼˣ˸ȦֻץСѼﲻ˼Ѽ
ĪƷɸտʼûʲôֱһ죬һ缦ʺȥѧһ·ԼԼŵһʺζΪԼŴأȽѧã﷢Ҳŵˡ
ĪƷɵʱͲΡΡԼЬ˶ţ﷢æ϶ĸĪƷɣȵʺˣ
ĪƷɣ
ʱ˶ˣҪǻڣĪƷɶ˫Ьӳȥ
ĪƷɴŲĵ﷢ܰңô
﷢ĪƷŵòҲƤˣοƷɣʵҲʲô£ôϴϴͺˣƽֲ˵ʱҲҪ÷ʽô
ĪƷɶˣ˵ôʹǺĵİοҲϡ
ʹ紩ЬӣĪƷɶоڣϻؼһҪϴ裬úõĴϴһͨʵ̫ˣ
ѧĪƷߵ÷ɿ죬ĪСٶĪƷɵĲˣ磬ôˣ
ûûɶĪƷɲ˵һžҪˮϴ裡
ϳԷʱĪƷɾ֮ǰ˵Ļ⣺ǼҴʲôʱǷӣ
⣿Ҹĥһ£Ǯܻש߷ģҪٻĪӵҪڼҲûʲôʹϴϰӣⲻǼҵװڼһͣͲͲ䣬Եķʳʲôܱ֮ĪƷɻҪӪʱĻҪﲻܹ߲ˣҪһʳЩɶҪǮİ
Ȼ··ôвƥҲ޻øһֲѿԴȻѸѣ֮ǰѼ޷ˡ
ʣµĲƥÿˣҲ͹һ˲һˣٶûˣ⻹Ϊ֮ǰտıҲЩƥ
ȻĪӸĪƷ˵һ£ְǷǮһĵβˣǳģϸĪ
Ҫ˵᲻ã϶᲻õģ֮ǰ˵õģܲҲܿ˸øĸǮ



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮ±˵˵Ǯ¶
ũ棬Ƿ粻ֲܿģҲ飬Ҳ͸Ѽӣιιͷһ¼п˾ȥɽҰˣôˣԼԺֵУȥʳ治ɡ
Īأûأ˵ˣֲ˶ᣬƽҲǳ飬㳭Ǯԭȥϰڸ̯Ӹ˴дŵģǵȴˣһƣ˵ˣԭˣ˼һסϵģƶˡ
Ҳʣ³һ·ӣٰιιѼιιżɽȥ֮ǰڵ￴ûеȥɵϧˣﵹǷҵĽӡȻȥˣ
ԭû廨µУѾֲˣǲ廨ģΪϲˣ׹˿
ĪӸ⼸ϲ˵ȴǷģۿżǻǼĴҲһһ٣ۿʣµĹƾֻܳһµĹˣʱʳҲҪǮӣνײҲҪǮٶǮûнҲлһ찡
ĪӸźļѼ͸źʲôƵģŵʱЩѼǮ
˵ˣĪ˵ĪӾʱҪȥ԰æѰңǼ۸ûɢĸߣ
Īֲǲ֪ôˣȻЩۣȥľѧһʣ
᲻ϣֱм㣬·˰ˣܲģ
Ƿӵ飬ҲͱˣŵȻͷ˵
ĪƷɿɻˣש߷ȥҪǮʵǲУȽҲаϼ䣬仹˵˯һҲůͣҪˣʱһ˯ǶȰ
ĪƷɵǼҵĵطôѼһֻѼкСϪǻЩܷųȥǼأɲӾʱô죿ѵҪԺɢ
ĪƷɹ˶òˣ
ʱʺѼʺز˵ؼԺأûУһֻļѼѼǵطﹻס
ʺѣĪƷɻ뵽һ޷ܵ⣬ѼˣʺѼʺ϶Ͷ࣬Ȼأó棬ЩģӣϲܲˣԱ뽨ӣû
Էӣ뽨ĪƷ˾
ĪӿЦСɣǲϽӣֻǼڵдһֵصҲᣬǼļĶأ֪ôأճǻҪĿ֧԰ӿŶ࣬Ҳסջûн
ҵģԴİ취Ҳǲǽ²ߣҪôԴȥһ½ҪǮܲܳܵסҪܲסҲǲ£ĪƷɵɲǷӻûʲôҲûԼԼ˵аɣ
УͷȥүүĪӳһ¡
ĪƷĪӴӦˣ˿ĪҪĪûֻĪƷɶҪүүô𽨷ӵ飬˵ۿһҲˣסⷿӻãʵǲˣſܲܽӣҪүүǮô죬˵տ裬ߡˣҸһȥɣԽ˵ĪƷԽģĪʱǸͷ࣬ǵ˹Ůŵȴĸ׵ģĪְˡ
ĪεЦЦŮж಻İ
ǣ츸Ů͸ȥĪҴ󷿣ĪӵûôѸٵģֻĪƷȴȲˣҲûڵʱĪӰѼļҵ׶¶ˡ
ӹ˰СЩôˣĪô
ɩҵĪӵ
أСϵ
ĪˣĪں߽Сϣ˭ˣ
ܣ˵ҪҵСϵ
ҵҪҵ𣿡Īںʡ
ǰ
ĪںĥţʣСܿղſžöҵǺ»ǻ£
ڵϹģСҲתתҲû룬ĪںôһʣСҲˡ
ĪںҵģҪȥʣ
ţУ͹ȥĪںеҪ֪ĪӹʲôҪ֪ĪӴӷ˼ң²ߣҲ˵ĪӱѶʲôģƽ·Ͼл˵ˣôϵԵúܲѰˡ
ĪںѽŴ̧òһЬӾҪţֶˣһ룬СϣӣղŴ˵ҹȥ𣿡



ڰʮ ѯ
ּ֮ľڰʮѯûУ˵ҪҵСϵ
ǻˣҪʲô£ͷ˵ģĪںְӻת˹ôȥԵúܼе̽ʲôƵġ
Īȴ֪ĪںĹ˾
Ī˵ĪˣЪˣæ͵ơ
ϴŹǷ·ţôˣæŻŵģ
Ѿ˯ĪЩ˼ЦЦ
ĪƷɶû뵽Īϻô˯ҲЩ˼үү̣˯ǲȻǸĻ
û£ҲŸո£㻹֪ܲ𣿵춹ģĪϵҪ˾Ϣɣ
ϻ˯ˣĪŤͷʵ˵ɣôˣ
ʵҲûʲô£Ҿʣ֪һҪǮ𣿡ĪӿĪƷһۣ
ӣôҪǷˣĪһӦ
⣬ĪӾ;ԼĹŮ㡣
ⲻǺҲһһӣһ𣬶ﻹãһ˯Ҳůͣһ˯ǾˡĪ˵
ӵĻǴСʲôģҲнǸʲôģĪûˣҲˣȷʵǸ⣬СС߿ˣͼǼȷʵǲӣⷿȷʵӦøĪԽĺڣĿ˶ˡ
ĪӶ⻹ûҲ֪øǸʲôģģҾ;ðɣЩо仰ͦ˼˵ģǷź˯һҲ¶
ĪƷɾͿˣүү£ҪǸǸĻҪǮأһ߿ˣôҪһһӣѧϰҪһ鷿һȻҪһҪв񷿣䣬ҪзʳģؽҲҪһĻҪǮ
ҪǰǽķӲСǻãũ˲ôæһ죬ũʱˣȻéݶҪҪһģͻҪҪõģҪרģҪЩǮټϽϷţΧԺӵȵȵģĻòˣĪźӵԽڵ̫Īˣ强ûʣˣǵĹײıϣҪǮ첻˵ʱŪ˾֪
ĪӾˣĪƷҲסˣ⣬ôˣ
ĪӸĪƷȻûǮĿ࣬ȻǲҲ֪ιũǮѣĪڼ֮ӣǸĪƷӣûôȻĺ¡
Ҫ֪سһ֮ңһĻҲʮϵĻԣܹúܺãũ͸˵ˣũҪĲЩνײ裬Ա˵֮ˣһʮˣӶܹúܺˣʱĻܳԸʲôģϺˣϺϪԼ̣Ըˡ
ȻˣȻԸˣҲ࣬ͬȱǮ
ñˣҪǸũ󲿷ֶǮ
Īˣ͵ҲӹҲû취飬ȻũæҪǮҪ˹ܷɣҲҪĺһЩҲҪģͷˣȻҲҪȥЩɶҪǮģҪǻʳ΢㣬Ҳˡ
ǣǲӹ󡭡ĪӲ̫˵
ĪƷɼʱסĪӣ廰үүǲӹ󣬾û뵽Ҫô࣡Ҹҵԭţһ͹ˣүүһԼҹҪô࣬ש߷ǸǲҪȥ
ש߷Ǿ͹ȥˣҲûգҪרŵǵģʱҪȥǷʦæܸ־Ͳˣ⻹ǲģ˰æĻ˹ʡ㣻ҪֽģҪרŸǷӵǵģǻѲŸȥĪЦˣǵӴ˭
ģҪǮĪƷװ̾ģɵ㶵ǵĪһѡ
Īȷʵɵ㶵ǵģһ϶ᣬȻˣҲȷʵΪˣһѵ㻹Ϸⲻ쿪
͸ҪСˣĪ
үүҪǼǵôأҪǮ˵үүⷿӾͽúãҲש߷˶ǮĪƷɻ˺汦
ĪĪƷɵԴӣ˵ԼķӣɦĪˡ



ڰʮһ ˼
ּ֮ľڰʮһ˼ĪЩԺĵѽүүҪⷿӿǲףо˺ܾأשǮģҲүүãһҸǷӵĳ¶ˣשҪˣүүȥ֪̽үүҲ˼ҪǣǾıЩʲôҲһүүͼ˸©һаˣǰǷӻүүӣ
ĪȷʵǼ˴©ˣҪȻԭļ۸ǶѲҲҪ֮һļ۸񣬾˹ҲŻݣֱӾͳϻݵӵŶӣЩټϴæŰӽɵġ
ʱΪĪ˼Ǯ׼ˣֲǷ˼Ҳſϸ۸ģصľָ
찡үүҲ̫ˣҲö࣡ĪƷɺĵ
ĪǣȻⷿӰмҪǺˣҲҪʮ㲻ۣ
үүãĪƷϸпţЩż⻰ⶼˣôȥ
ĪƷﵹеˣҲ֪ûǣⷿҲ֪ʲôʱǵģԭм俪ʼסⷿˡ
˼䣬Ī͹ĪӸǷӵ⣺ӣǱߣǵȷʵǲȫĪ͵֮ǰǮͱ𻹵ˣǵĲּҵʱȷʵǿ̫ˣ
ûµģãĪæ֡
ĪĪӷֻĪӣӣҲøǷˡֻǣҲҪӣأĵ强ͷȥĻٰ취
ãĪæ֡
үү¶ǻͷ˵ɣҲĪƷɲȻȥһ£ҲһҪҪҪǽש߷Ҫ֪ש߷ҪǰĪ˵ӦҪ˶ǮҪǻҪǮĻӦҲ࣡
Уǻȥú롣ǸýˣҪǮүү취ʵǲУСһģ˯һҲɣĪӦ
˼ңĵţ˻ˣæӭСɣǻˣȻĵʵôˣ
ǽȥ˵ɣĪƷ˵
ţţǾͽȥ˵ɣúҵĵͷ
ңĪСǿŻû˯ĪСܱҲҪȵģʵǳŲסˡ
ĪСټˣҲæٵʣ磬ôѽ
ĪƷҲ̲סǹЦûشĪСٵ⣬ĪӵҾש߷Ǽһǽģأû뵽Ǿ˰죬ʵʲô£
ĪӵҲ˺ֻࣺܶСɣש߷Ժ󣬵ǵûҾҪȽ
ҾҪҪһλҾÿϸˣ׽ש߷ҪǮҪǶʮԽĻǸﻹҪסĪƷɵ
ţǵͷʣҪǶʮܹˣǾͽש߷ĪҧҧҲסש߷ﶼ޵ĺ
ȥүүʣĪӵ
ĪƷȴסˣ¶ȲҪҪש߷ǮôҲҪи˵أܸܲոүү˵ǼûʲôǮóʮ˰ɣ¶Ҫô˵
Īĺ˵ǾֱӸүүǼ˶Ǯɣ
Īû˵ڣַ˽ɡ
øĪСˣ˵۾ʱ⣬ʱò廰ˣСɣҪǲĻҾÿľ˾ˣ
ĪƷɸĪӶʱתãĪƷʣľ˾ˣ
԰ľ˾˾Ǹ˸ǷӵģǸʦˣҪǵĻҾÿǸש߷ģҲǶɣõ
ĪƷ֣ⲻ
ĪҲͷվȥʣ
⣿ǿľ˾ʣܲͻأʰɣҵǾõһңʱҪľ˾ڼңľ˾죡ĪƷɵ
Ϊ˴Ƿӵ£ĪƷֶøĪһĪС
һЦûвͷûУûĪƷظһĻص˵һĪƷɵĻĪƷɷĲ١
ǷģĪƷɻҪú룬ʱǮô˵ҪôȻҪ͵ĪĸߵɲãǮĳҲҪһǼĽ⣬Ī˵ҲȷʵǸ⣬ĪӼ粻ֲܿģĪƷҲǴдţˡ
ڶ϶ĪںʣϾˣҵģ϶ɶ¶
϶ǷӣңĪ
ɶ϶ܸǷˣһ



ڰʮ δ
ּ֮ľڰʮδ϶ǱǣܸǣĪһۡ
ɶбǣܸǵģסĪզأ
զףô˵ɣ϶жˣҲͰˣһ϶Ҫô죿һ˻һôסĪûҾ͸˵ˣӿ϶Ǯ϶㣬㲻ϣ˵϶ţб£ƽ֣ǮҲҪƽ֣˵ıһҲأҪˣˣ
ĪյĵҲǶаˣĪҲģͼʡµġ
⻰Ͳ̹ˣզ
Īͷϣɲ˵Щʲô۾һɣŭզһ˵զأƽ˶ˣ϶
ĪˣҲǿӲˣҲĪƽϵԸҪģͲˡ
ί۾һ죺϶ҲұƵİԼӣզԹˣּҵʱ㲻Ҳͬ𣿡
˵д϶ţб²ٰɣǷҲһһףǲȻô죿ǮҶüƽô죿Ϻί
Īİڰ֣Ҳ˵ЩԲ϶Ҹ㣬ҲƲ϶ָԺ󡭡ԺҪ˭⻰Ī˻ȥ
Ī϶ĵϴʲôҲزסûӣϴ̲˳أ⻰ҪǱϴ֪ˣûҪһǷˡ
զ˵ɶʡ
ûɶҳȥߣּҵҲѾˣô죿ÿǷﲻãĪҲֹһεĺڵûͼʡ£ĪӳôĿ
ȻĪĪǰŸճţϾȥĪںߣһ䲻©ĸĪںɾˣ֪ĻΪڸĪں㱨أƫƫϻûԣ
ĪҪ֪ôȥ
Īں˵ĪҪǷӣֹ˵ʵû취ʱɿϸһ룬ֻǶĪ˵ĿǷ϶ĪںЩˣĸѾĪˣӡǮҲû϶ģôˣǾ˭ռ˱ˣҪĸ˺
˵ߵͦ˳ģȻܵһӭɵõĸڼңǵľש߷
ú׵ľʳ˷ӵļ۸񣬸Ǹש߷ר˵ĻĪƷҪôķҪʮֻʦָĻҲҪʮӣ
ĪƷϻʱϢȻʮԽһש߷Ǿͽ
ĪҲͦ˵ģСɣ㲻˵ҪʲôҪû⣬ȥүүæ
ĪƷɿЦãô򵥵飬룬ǼҵǮûأ
Ҫô˵Īһ룬ǣֻ˵һӡ
˰죬ĥ¶ȻǾ͸տ廹ͨ˵ǹǽģôĪƷ˰죬Ҳֻ취
﷢ҾĪƷ˽ģټ֮ǰƶĪ˶ǮҲģֻ¶漰ǼҳҪĪƷɾҵ˲Ҳνˡ
⣬𣿡Īʡ
ôãܱƾճǮúðɣҪ֪ǼյĹϰ룬һҲӣ֪ǵǮжˣƲģαȥأĪƷɵ
ĪӱܵľЩףСɣ˵ǽûʲôҪ˼ʣΪʲôǸأҲ˻ɡ
⣿ĪƷɻû⻹һ⣬ʵҲǣ߼Щͨ
Сɣô죿ҲգҲסש߷룬˵
磬Ƹտ𣿡ĪСڱСĽ顣
ĪӵҡͷУֻǵĽǮã̫ǣǿˣ
ĪƷҲòã벻⣬Ҫ˵ƸˣĪƷɻ⣬˵տıǿҽģֻտı˵ǵۺûǲñе
⣬ĪҶǷӵļƻʹ˸ǳˣԴˣ벻һ⣬˾ǼԽש߷ΪǮġ
˵ȥ¶˵ĪƷˣøĪӶȥ롣
Ī߶Īżӣôˣ
⣬ĪЩţôشأ



ڰʮ 
ּ֮ľڰʮ¶ĪȴˣӣģøǻҪǵģһӻûҪûﻹģȥ˽裬ոôѷӸˣ˵
룡Ī̾ʵĪ⻰֪ô˵
ʲô룬ôϣĪɸ֣ɿĪӾӣҲٱˣֻ̾ҪҪץˣУҵĵأô˵
һͷҲһ룡Īӵûڶæɵ¶
ͷĪӾ͸ĪƷ˵ˣĪƷûʲô⡣
Ī˵ǼѣСɣҾãУĻȻǾͽɣĪ˵ѣҲש߷أھΪɿô£ԽҪ˵Ҳѣ
ĪƷֱӾ͸ˣУ
ڼĵأĪƷɾ⣺ҾüĵزȻ͵ȥɣ˼ҶӣӣҾÿ϶кܶ˿ϵģǼǲ˰˵Ļȱ˶㡣
ĪƷɾˣҵĵػû˿ϵģµˮֲϵˮ˵ҪѱϵˮﻹҪĹȴֻܵõеˮصĽǼ࣬ʵǳԲϷ˼Ҷ⡣
ֵľˣϾЩ߲ˣСҲֵ֣˱Ƚ٣Ǽҵĺﲻʣ
飬Ī˵ȥ֮ǰҪĪ˵һġ
Ī˵ҪȥĪ˻㶣ӣȻְɣ¶Ͳòˣ
ôأҪֱ֣ҲУǾͲ˵ˣʱʳҲøˣĪæ
ôУĪ
һĪûֹĪֻܻȥ˵ˡ
ĪƷ֪飬ĵǵȥɣ˵үүҪǰǵĻ󲮻Ҳ󲮿ܻᵱ˵ϾҵҲүүڹܣأҲģ¶ܿӡȻʱĪҪ۵ġ
ãүү˵˵ĪҲûôһĪƷɷ
ĪӲĪΪѣֻĪãƼˣǲ˵ҲǲزסȻøã
һ˲䣬ĪıһЩĪ˵Ĳûеҵﶼܣȷʵܲڵ岻ȴǰˣµصҲûмˣѲҪ
ĪӿĪӾͺˣ룬Ҫæҵæģ
ĪĪӵļ򣺡ӣ֪㣬ģû룡Ҫ裬͵ȥɣ
Ҫ˵أܰʣ˭ϵˣҲ죬֪ҵĪæ
ֻµˮǺҲҪ裿Īʡ
ɣĪӵ
УʣĪֵӣǷӵ㿼ǵôˣڿʼũæˣҶû򣬵ǻͷũҪپˣҪũæˣɾûǷˣ
ţ룬ͷ͸ĪҲء
žĪƷ޿̵һֻӣǷӵ¶ˣʱôûл¶ˮ֮أȻ;Ҳа˵ɿãͷԼЩֺˣ
Ҫô˵ĪӿգȻǾͽɣ
¡һ죬ʱꡣ
ĪƷɴŲЬŢϣٴ޿̣ûбʺѼʺţ
ĪƷҲ޿̵ĳ̶ˣֱӾͶĪӵͽש߷ҲˣȻֻҪʮӣ˵ҲõũˣǻǸϽѷӽɡˣ˵ܲŢ·棬ʵ̫ˣ·࣡
⣿𣿡Īӳɡ
ͻȻһȻһȥͨ˵ҵôģ
ãĪ۾һã
⣬𣿡ĪƷЩˣôûñԼɺأ
Сɣˣ˾ǵķҲש߷Ҿõʱǿľ˾ǼҰæ˾ǵķӶľ˾˸ģý͵
ģ̫ˣǾôˣĪƷɵ
Ȼ˺ʵɣǽĪҶжѸĪƷɸĪСٸѧڶĪӸþȥռҶȷ˵ŮŮש߷ȱڣռҶô᲻ͬ⣿һӾ˰壬ĩ˻ȱȱǮҪҪЩǡ



ڰʮ Բ
ּ֮ľڰʮԲĪؾͻˣֱӾܾˣ˵Ѿ˽Ǯ
ռҶ˵ש߷ĽĪƷ֮ǰĽڣҲ֪ЩΪˣСŮװڶû취ָŮݣڼＦѼöˣӾر࣬ܰҧСɣʱضŢģСҲʵܲˣѵøǸĸҪ󡣡
ռҶͷҪǱ϶ĪƷ̫ˣռҶȴܿͷĪӷĪƷĪƷɸֿѣ˳صǿһ£ȷʵǷǷĪƷɵģԲ
ҲĪҶһĪƷҲֲ׵ģȻռҶôӻѺӳ軵ȥ
ռҶͨտıƣĪӾͷſˣϾʲô֪һԶһڴӦ
տıҲĪ˵һϢӣ첻ңҲҪȥ㣬Ҹ˵ҪȥӦîˣ
ģ̫ˣտ֣ϲϲĪտıˡ
ͬϲͬϲտıҲȷʵǸˡ
տһ£Īʡ
ʷտıҲ֪Щ˺ܶࡣ˾£λةĸ̷ֲóҲǸģˮ㣻ֻ񷿣Щ
ҲְͺܺˡĪӰο
տıҲ֪㣺ǰҲ񷿲Ī֣ϾͱˣԷȸƣȥ͵ǸˣһͷҪȥͲˣʱҪңɾֻȥسˣ
ȻᣬҲˣãҾˣĪӴӦҪȥ˵һ
ãɩһտı
ǲУҲȥԶˣȻɸ˻ؼ˵һĪӵ
ãտı
˵տıȥϰ࣬ĪƷûʲôӦҪǶԹŴƶȲǺ죬ǰӾӰֶʲôү֮ģĪƷ֪Źأ
ĪƷɵտı˵ģΪĪӵе֪ȻǸְλкܶ˼
ĪƷɺʣʷǸʲôģ
ƹܼ롢ԡѧУ캱Т̻ڵģĪӵ
ѧУ˼ǰѧҪȥ񷿱˼𣿡ĪƷɺȻһ
࣡Īӵ
ĪƷ˼ģ
ʲôʱʼӣĪСٶ˭ʲôȤҪ˵ة֮˷ЩʲôʷģûҲûףûɶоԼҽӵ⡣
ĪƷϱˣĪϲĵȥľ˾˵¶ȥ
̫ˣŶҪ·סඣ⻰ĪСܶˣ
ŵĪƷæżǰģһ
ֵûĪӸһЦһӡ
üĪߣæʵҪȥ
ȥµǶû˵أĪӵ
ĪƷԣæһȥɣҲ֪˵Ҫʲô籩ꡣ
Сɣǲȥ𣿻߰ѵ뵽Ǽ˵ý˵ϴȥʱүӶ˯
ҲڼңĪƷɵ
Сɣ㲻ڼңҪȥղ𣿡þȣȻתĪС٣С٣ûǴɣء
ûǴҴ̫ˣûĪСЦ
ĪƷһԴǣԼ⼸Ҵҵģ¶ˣѹֽռֲ˺ܶҵԼ˵Ҫдͨأ
˵ɣĪƷȻҲȲү˯磬ǲҪȥ˼ҵĺã
ĪҲĪƷȽϺã԰Ī뵽˼滹ϸ꣬ĪƷɲȥҾڴһô죿ȻԼĵ̱Ƚ˰ˡ
ɶ˵ɶĪˣҪש߷
ӣǮĪ
¶ｨǵģĸǸ˸ש߷ģǼҼǷӶש߷ĸĸ罨ʱҲñһЩĪӵ
Īǲ֪õĸǸש߷ģ֪ռլש߷ǵһ˵ռҵļǵҲש߷һʱ䶼Щˡ
ֻĪ룺ӣש߷ٱˣҲҪһʮľ˵㣬ҲҪʮɣǮô죿
⼸գҲһֱأҸտֹϵãտѾӦʮСɵһͬѧСɹϵҸСͬѧĸҲ죬ҲӦһЩ㹻ˣĪӵ



ڰʮ ͸¶
ּ֮ľڰʮ͸¶ӣ뽨ש߷ԣҲοûУҪôʮʮһĪĳĵӣҪҴӦôǮ˵ϵܺãɹϵٺãҲģۿɲܸ¶סķӣҲϣΪסõӣʧȥôѣ
ûµģǮǿĻѼӸţͷµǮѼӸҲǮСͬѧҶæҺ·ˣӽʡһ㣬ܹģĪӵ
ѼǮûܲȥ̯ɣ㵱ôףҲҪ򣬲óȥĪεĵöЩ档
û⣬ѣҲСͬѧĵ˵Ҫˣܰҵ·Īӵ
ĪǾˣСͬѧʲôģôʶģ
Сͬѧģ⣬˺ĳ֮ǰȥ̯ҲһֱͬѧװţĪʵĵ
ĪƷĪүүͬѧҰҵ·¶ɱ˵ȥȻͷҪͬѧͲˣũûиܣһȥҲҪæô죿ֲæǼҲܴȥ
ĪĪƷɵСԹϣİɣСɣүүзִģ
ӣϣ룬ϾһʮһѱǮҪǵʱΪϣʧȥѣЩòʧˣĪ˵
ĪллѾˣ
Ī뿪ˣĪӵľĪЩʧģܸש߷ȻǺˣֻҪϣڵûȴҪ飬Īȸֵģ
ĪĪԺȴЦնûչСɣĲܸүү˵ʵ𣿡ôΪǳĺھ𣬷˹붼ĺ
ĪƷʵҲ⣬ĪǵģҲܹⲻȥ⣬ʵүүŵģֻҲ̣д󲮴ĸҪ֪ˣ൱ڴҶ֪ˣǵʱֳ֪ʲô
ĪҲûôֵǱˣĪҲֵܶôտıƵĶԱ£͸òôˣ˻ЩʣҲǰӦˡ
ĪֻǾöүӺΣǲҲãСɣǸүү˵ʵɣ
үүܱ֤˵𣿡ĪƷķҵĵ𣿡
ˣүүôˣ㲻ǻҪȥ峤˵Ƿӵ飿ʲôҪ죬ҲҪ˵ĪƷɺȻ뵽
Īӣðɣθиˣˣүӻϣ⣬ûô죬Ҳûᡣ
ĪӺȥүүɣ
ĪƷһסĪӣҿԸүү˵үү˵Ҳ˵٣˵˼ʮͺãҪүүϸʣ˵˶ʮ๻Ĳˡ
Īɻ󣺡ȻҪ˵Ϊʲô˵
ʹүүţҵĵүүС˵©죬ֻҪүүľͺˣԺүү֪ˣҲǵģԶʮոպãүү˵үүϸʵġҪүүҪ˵ȥĪƷɵĪＫƷˡ
ãĪ룬ǾɣҲеİ취Ƚ˽ܡ
ӣʲôˣ˵զǵҲ˵ĪĪŸոߵأֱĪӼҴҵ׷ˡ
¶ղŵ¶йأҪŲııĪӺ
ҪĪƷ϶ҪĪнˣƣ˵úˣỻˣǰҪǰĪֱֻ㶵ģղ¶Ҫ˵ȥ˵¶ӵ¶ǻûأҪúõһ²ǣȻ˵
⻰Ī̲ס޺޵Īһ£˵¶˵¶ɶӲû
ĪڨڨЦˡ
Ƚ˶ĳүһ߶ϵ£һʣ˵ɣɶ¶
үүˣĪƷֲĵĸˡ
ңҾ˵¶ĪģĪĪҪĪ֪ĪƷҲͦģָΪʲô¶أ
˵ɣ˵ţĪƷ룬ǹүǰүүԲʵƭ㣡
ȻЩԽܣףĪүȷʵǲĪƷҲûôų⡣


ڰʮ Ϸ
ּ֮ľڰʮϷĪӹñĪƷˣﻹ̹ˣҲûôǿˡ
զˣǸǸɶɶ˵Īһĵ˵ҪĪƷ
үүǣ˵¶ʵҵ⣬ҵĪƷɵֻүүϣǱܣ
˵ɶ¶ĪĶЩˣ⸸ƭ˼ɶ¶˼ܲס
үүʵȥҵ˶ʮӣǣǵۺ죬Ÿ˵ֻһ࣡ĪƷɵ
ĪĪƷɵ˰м䣺ɶ˵ɶ
С˵ûʵȥд˶ʮӣĪΰͨͨģڶǸĪ˻ѡ
զզôأĪ㶵ʣ˼ҳּеţש߷˶ʮĶأҲҪһʺƣ
տʼûдǰնһȻһҳ⣬ӻٺ棬ŪЩȥͣЩˣĪ࣬Ͱ͵ĵھμҪûټٶ۵ķӦ
ĪƷ˿˸ֽˡ
ĪɨĪƷһۣĪƷɹעĪȥˣû뵽ԼĶԣһӾĪˡ
Ī˵ǶʮĪСٶ飬ҪãҪǽһӻûˣԺô죿ͿĪƷɵķӦ
ĪϳɾĪƷɵķӦһӾ;ˣ֪ûȫ˵үϲã˵⻰ȻʻȥˣĵǶû㣬ɲ¶̫㡣
ڿһңһµĵϿŶ֮ǰ⣡
ĪȻЦˣĪӵļ򣺡аӣǳˣҲͷĶˡΪһֱôɵɵأòŵͺã
ĪķӦȫĪӵ֮⣬ĪҲסˣ㣬㲻𣿡
ĪĪӵʻûĵʲôùֵģ㶮ΪԼ룬Ϊ룬˻أҪ֣ҲҪǰôɵ㶵ǵġ
ȻĪͰĪƷСɣŰɣ
ллүүĪƷչЦգ֪үӲʧġ
ллĪӲɵˣԼٺٵɵЦţ
Īֱӣѵģǻ߾̲סеĻϲ˴ʶֻЦɵЦӣ
үүܲܲ˵飿ǱܣĪƷ۰Ͱ͵ĿĪ
İɣүүͺεģԺүү˵˼ҽǵǮĪĪƷɵԴӡ
ĪƷɰˡ
ĪҲˣʱ˷ܵĵ߰ɣ˵ˣʱԿˣ
Ī̲ס˸ۣӣ˵ʹȥ˰¶
ͷȥĪ
ñĲ𣿶꣬Ҳû˿ĪЩͰ͵Ŀүӡ
ĪĨ˰û˿ͷأǷҲָû˿
ǲܣĪӲɵ
ǲˣˣҪй򣬻뽨ʲôʱܿĪЦ˵ӣҲǹˣ޵ôŵģ
ĪʣǼʲôôʵһȥˣͷɶöõ峤
ĪɱĪӿ׶ˣǰķԸĪ˷ܵͷĪƷԾĽñһһȻи˾ǿס
ŽҪĪæĪֱĪһӣǷӵ¶Ҫ鷳ˣǮţҪǲٸ˵һӣҵģ
ĪҲİɣȻҪظͱ̫ˣͷ⣬ʱȥ峤ͷٸңһĪǮȼĴ
ĪĪӺɵҪ˵ĪҲĪӿס
ĪֹΣܻݣڶ￪ĵģ˶ͳüģտʼûװɣԼǸȥˡ
ҵģզˣæŻŵĺȥǰ㶼أһòĪһ̲סԹ
Īû˵ĪںҲˣǰôɶ¶˵ҪȥǼң
ˣˣӣˣ˵Ķѧ۸ֵ͵ģɶǮûأ˵סҪǷӣҲʵڣҲ֪ôϱͷһƣҪǸש߷˵˵ҲǸ𣿡Īװַǵĵüͷ壬硣


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ּ֮ľڰʮ³ɡɶש߷Ҿ֪ﲻʲôˣҪҶǰɣӲĲۣǲҶˣøļް˼զôأզȥأˣ໵һ֮Ϳʼƿڴ˻Բأ͵ס÷
Ī
ȱ𼱰ҲǸûģ˵ǮأȻŽש߷𣿡ĪںòƺĵȰţǰɣ
Īģɶ㰡ǰ˸Ӫ˵Ǯأֻܿ飬ǵأ˵ȥˡ
ɣҾ֪֪ǳǹͲҶӵﶼҪˣס÷ӣݶﲻúʰʰһƿڴ
Ī
Īںȴǲүӵ˵ǣܹɣҪû㣬ܴôש߷ܲ˼Ҹ׸ɻϲҪǮɣ
£ĪЩˣԼǲǱ̫ˣô;ûһûأ
裿⽨Ӳ˰ɣש߷˵ҲҪʮأȥŶǺˣĪں̽ŵ
ɲô˵ǹѽģĪĵ
ģĲûզأܸɶҶģҶģҪҶɣȥﲻݶŭģӾҪţһҪ˵ģ
죬һǶNࣣĪһŭȣܲܲң
ǰܲҪ𣿶զأ˵ҲûĪں
϶ʱͬҵ֪ҵģ㿴ɣô˵
ɣĪŭҰѻ˵꣡
ľʲô£ҲȰأɶԼ֪¿һͷбԼȥȰȰĪŭ
ȴһ㶼ûоԼдһ治Ų⣬Ҫ⣬ܸôݶ¶
Ī֪ʲôϹ
զ֪ҵģͱˣҪϣ¶Ҷ벻ǾǸɵӣ˵ɶɶֲ壡ϹִĵĵĻ
ˣ㵽ˣҪ㰮˭˭ȥˣҿɸ㣬ĿɲңĪ
ţ˵öԣˣôţϺܲΪȻ
Īֱû취ˣҲŭˣһӣզأҪ˻ˣ˵¶ӵˣ㻹ʲô˵ٻ𣿻˵Ƿƨ
ϸһǣҲû˵ɶӲ㲻ʹģҲûã
ĪϣˣҪͳȥɣﰭ£һҪϴ˵¶
ΪɶһĪֲͷˣ֪֮ǰ¶ȥˣ׳
ˣ˵ɣĪں˳ˣ˵
ĪںЩ֣үθоͦϵİΪɶȻôģͬأ
ĪںֶĪ˼¶ЩˣôأôҶô֣
ܵľӾǸ˸ǷӵģѰ˼ľܱЩԼ˻ܸʡЩϼﶼ˵ש߷Ժ˵ϵĸæǵģ˵ǷѲʲôǮҪǮⲻ˵˴ǷӣӲҲǸש߷϶һϰ˼Ķˣש߷ҲͦãȻҲ֧֣ⲻİ嶨ôĪϸϸ˵
ܱ˶ٰ̲סڣҪԼҰæķӣʡЩǮֻѲǮĻȷʵռ˴ˣ˵ˣ˶̲סģ͸оиǰռǲռأҪռأһ㲻ռĶûôãҲռ
ͲˣӦǲ٣Լ˰æ϶ˣҲ϶˵ȻҲ룬ҪʡǮְѷӽƯˣҧѽǮĪĵ϶Ǹûģ˵¶治ô㣬жͶ˶룬ǷӵǮҪˣοש߷أ˵ģĲҪ
˵ţĪʲôƵģϵȻȥɣȥһ£Ҫܰ϶Ҳã¶ռˣҲҪռ˰
ȴôˣҵģô˵ģȻռҵһ⣬Ҳܷˣ˵ˣǶּˣԼˣϿϱҵıǲռײռ˵ûͣӲǽ赽Ǯô


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ּ֮ľڰʮȦء٣ӳǰɣղˣֱ׳ģˣͲˣǰɣĪ˵
զˣҲ𣿲ȥˣզУϵȻĪںں˵ǲǹҲ磿˵Ҳԣ
٣զҲˣҲ磡ĪǸ
ʵҲ˵еϾּˣҲСˣ˵г㣡ȻǮǽģҲ赽˲ֲû赽ûͣҪԴ룡ĪںĥԼףȰ
ĪĿĪںһۣںôģ
ľöϾ¶壬ûˣҪǶܽǶҲһݷ⡣˵ˣҾռ⽨飬ָ۹Ůأ˽˵ҪһĪں˵úܳģ¶ҪǲĪںĪںԼĵܵռ˵ġ
ʵĪںϣĪӿԼש߷ʲôĪӱӹıãôأ
ĪǽǮķӣĪںͱȽϰˣڣ
Īũң˭֪˭ҿռޣϴأҵ˼ǣѾ¶Ҫʵݣש߷ˣ˼ӻһ㣬㿴ܲܽһ㣿
Īںһ£Ц˵ܽȱǮģ˵һ£ҲȷʵӦýһ㣬ҲʵûǮҵ͹ʸߣɵҲ֪϶أÿҪʮҽ͵ǮȥˣҲǶڴ˸ʳҪǮȻҶŲȥˣ
ĪʣĲڳܻỹģ
զģҶ˼𣿡Īں
û˼ֻҿܴ̣ô㣬Ǯ˵㣡ĪҾţǺôֵܣܲܽܵ
ĪںﳹĪǴˣĪں̾ú￴һ°ɣǷʣµ㣡
ֻҲ֤Ҳ֪ﲻǮҲ¶ھһǮҪûУɵø˵һ£ҲѴǲϰҪʵǲеĻ˾ͱռˣָԺש߷أʱʵݻռĪں
ĪοĵУȥ¿˵ô˵ĪȴĪںԽʧҲ֪ǲԴӶĪں˻ɣĪԽĪںһЩΪԽ⡣
۵ĵںϹҪûǮͱ裻ܱҲûأԼûǮҪõģ¶ֲ㣬ϣ
ĪںԽˣô˵ұϾǳ֣ܵӦõģ
ĪĿϸĪںĸ
Īں۵ĽҲϣȻûǮ
Ī⣬ǳʧ֪ĪںܽǮǳأĪӻǱһ˿ϣϣĪںûԼô
棬ĪϷصǲϰˣĪںסˣûаɻ
ǽˣĪ̾ԼҲǿɱӸǷǺ£ȴҪҴţΪʲôǵֵܲϺ
ĪʼȫĪڽӵ¶Ҫǵػ룬ԼЩˣ˵ֻǵĸǷӵĻشȦһˣҪʲôģǿһһ峤ˡ
ĪƷɿǵȫⶼǼƷݣԻǰŪһЩȽ˰ģҲ໨˼Ǯ
ЩҪҴ峤Ҫô峤æȥæﶨ·Ǻ鷳ġ
Ϊⷿ£ǰǰͻӣĪƷɸĪҲ۵ùǺʵҲɵտıĴڣտı֪ʱĪӾͱݺݵһ٣տı˵Īǲǵڣ
ⶼǺ󻰣˵ڣǷõ֣ĪҲܻϲܻӣۣ
Լ˸ǷӾǺãԭȥģᳵ·ֻĪԼȥҪûˣƭˣԴγʲô⡣
ҲòģԼǼ๤ЦԼķܸǲô
ʦˣȲе˻ö࣬ǷӸøǳʲôģôǱȽϺã˭



ڰʮ æ
ּ֮ľڰʮ°æĪֻһԼҴŵҪϸĪṩѵķĪӽⷿӸôΪʲôôĪģֱõ֪ȥ
רŵǷӣҪ㹤ǮҪܷģܷҲҪǮڣЩ⣬Ҳ֪ǰͷңأԾ½ɴҶʲôԹԣ
ĪӸһѾܲˣˣԾ͸˵չֻǳʳĻͲ̫ˣܱûС
ǿ̱ʵΪ˲ظҲû취飬ܲԼǷһƨծˣǮִŵİɣǶûûΰ
ĪҶӿҪҪש߷ת䣬ڴҲһƬȻ˵ΪͷŶΪ
ӴСɡС٣ҪѧȥһȧǸ߸һ̱긾ŮסĪƷɸĪС١
ǰϺãĪƷ΢΢һЦ
Ӵľòкķʽϲ̵ЦţȻҲʱϲϣͰԵĴСɣ˵˵ǲȥ񵽽ˣȻȥ˵ҶҪˣզСȥѧܸǷأ
ĪƷﲻͷϴЩȵĿǰһԵ긾Ů˵ʲô֪ҼҸǷӵǮҵܵܶǮǶǽģ
С⺢Ӿǲʵϣģ˭ҳøһʮܽǰզû˶СɣɲŻ㣬ǲ˵ѻģУɶ˵ģҪǱ֪ˣǲܿŵģš
ĪƷЦȴǵ˵Ķģҵ˭ǮҲǺǹ˽ˣ
ѡүûһЩתתֵ
ûУѡүƽǾͺܺˣҪҲҪȻĪƷɲʧòĵʱҲˣҸСٲߣҪٵˣ
УǿȥѧȥɣæȻȥЩСðȥˣ
ɶûզأ˵ռҿǮˣסĶש߷ҲǸܳģܲ˽㰡
ǣҲģ
У˵ɶ˽¸ܸ٣һģģҪǣǸɲһǮ¶һʮ¶Ҫ٣ˣԹˣǸ𣿡
ҾҲ
ҰҶ˵ˣ
˵ɶ˵ģ
˵Ȼ£Ҫ˵ͼϴǰ߹æ
ʣ˵ɶأ
˵ӼңզûȥӼҰæǳϵĺѣ֮ǰҲͬһӵģּ޵ͬһӣԸܺã
ʲôæûǮãƲ졣
ⲻܰɣ㲻ǮôĻһٳԵİɣɵѽܸǷˣǻʳ϶ˣҲ
ߣʲôԵѽ˵ˣǾһأƲ졣
ļٵģզ¶ʡ
¶֪֪һСֵأüһͦģ˵秵ģкķʽˣ˺ãſ̹
˰ɣ˭Ҫ˵˵զ¶ļС
ɲǶûǮǶǹ˽ģüһҲǹģЩʵĵ
ģܹɣСԾĵ
ôܣȻϾͰİ˵һ顣
ʵΪʲôô˵أΪϸĪ󽭸տʼ˵ĪҶҪǷӲ˵Ҫש߷ģʱͰѷۺ켵ʵİһȲĴӸһŮȥĪҶ䷹ˡ
磬Ҳ̫˼ˣǷôܲæأǵܵˣĪظ磬˵ɣҪʲôʲô
󽭣ˣĪӿһĪ󽭣ҪǰûǸж뵽Īæ
զأ磬˵㣬Ҳţʹ£¶֨Ī󽭵ҪæǸɵɶ
Ӱ𣿡һͣסˣ˲ʣĪģҪģǰæûʯͷأ
ǰӣܣĪЦţĸ֡
Ȼܣ㻹ɶϽаæҿҲˣЪܸ֣Цŵ



ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮ±⡭Īӱ˵õģȻҲ֪ʲô˼ͶסˣĪ󽭵ܣȻҲҰһ£
ǣУĪ󽭺ˣ⹦ˣ
Ī󽭰飬Ͳˣ˸ڣ簡ʯͷ
Ȼ˺ˣҪ֮æס˿ڣ
Īʵܣ˵ɶ
û˵ɶ˵࣡զҲæأĪ󽭵
ллܣɶܣˣһȥ԰ɣͱȥˣ
ˣﻹأﶼ׼ˣһȥأĪ󽭵
ȻûǾ߳£ܣѵҲɣ
ⲻУĪƴǵ
զˣõһɣĪӵ
ȻĪԸڶԺԷſһ㶼׵ͷԼһƮżҶӵֻƮǣĪһnסˡ
Īʿˮ磬Ǿͳ
ǰĪû룺զˣ԰˵ţĪԼһС
˵ͷȻڸһ㣬ͦнͷģصǶױ
ҲΪ˲¶ڶڶԵЩһĪҶ֮ǰÿֻһò֪ȥˣԶĺҲ֪㣬ԵͦĵģǶԣֻҪܳԱӣܳɶãûа
ʵҲĪƷɽĺãĪҵĺӶһؼҪĪƷɵķִ˵ΣʶС¶ǽõĽҲǷúһʶԳԺóԵľˣٻصʱûһӱԹġ
磬˵㣬⣬ⶼǮש߷ˣզôСʦǲԵõģզɻĪһ㶼ɻĴһ湤ǱƽģôҶ׷׿
ҪǰĪӿ϶ͻ֣Ȼϴ˵͵ȥˡ
ڵĪ΢΢һĪ󽭣զ󽭣ʳզˣܱ𣿡
磬ǵܵ˵㣬㻹˵ͷ˵ʲôͷզҲҪİɣզ𣿵ǹܱʳԲã磬㶼ǮǷˣǮʡǴ˶ʵˣԵĺˣ˼ҸɻҲǣ˵ţ˸ͣһ˵ǲ
Īӵܣ˭˵ǮǷˣ
ĪˣǣǮǷӣǮǷӸʳʲôϵ涨£ĪǾһģ֪ⲻõģҲģܱһһͷȻģɶеζ
һ޷˵ĻʳĪ󽭵СǮûӹҲܽɣ˵٣Ѷ࣬ͷ֪ǮȥأأָܵܵæôĿŵĳȣָܲĺ
һ̣ĪӸĪ󽭽ΪɶæˣȥǽĪ󽭵Ϊ˽ȫ
ĪӺȻΪʲôĪƷɶֵܷˣ˲ǮɴҲ֪֪ˣûĪ󽭵ⷬûʲôĪ󽭵ⷬǲǾͱһ̱ˣʲôû
磬⻰˵Īǰ˵ɵӰɣûǮǷӣڸȻˣ֪˵⻰Ҫɶ簡Ĳɥģ
ס죬ԵĶ²סǰɣӹȥĪû뵽Լ㶨˴ӸԼӾˣǽһ
Ī󽭻ûĪ
Ī֮ǰһæȻԼݰæǷʡܶ£ֻǮͳɣǷһϵͳֺ飬һЩӻʲôĶ齨ӹܣ˵ôˮȱʲôҪȥһزÿڣʯӶҪʳȵȵ飬ĪǸûģĪ͵ָӵˡ
ҲȷʵүӵİæĪʡܶ£Ȼ׼Ҫڵæҵģ
ʲôӹȥʡﶪۣɥģôɥˣ˵ûǮǮôɥˣӽͽͣĪĪ󽭾û뵽Ķô鳣æˣָԼĶɥģⲻ񾭲
Ҳ˼ĪЩŵ
˼ĸ˼Īûˣôãʧʧȴܻᱧһ˿ģĪ󽭸Īںȴһδεİϣƣ



ھʮһ 
ּ֮ľھʮһտʼĪ˵Ī󽭹ʱͦοģȻЩСʱԣܷʱ˵ҪæĪˣĪ󽭾Ǹǣﶼ
͵һڳԵģΪûԺãֵܰڲ֮أ
Īܲ
Īתÿ죬ⲻǻϻ˵ʵҲ˼˵̫ˣҾǾʳ˵㣬ҶǮӹҲ߯ڼ˵㣬С
Ī͸ˣĪҪǰϣﻹĪΪ֪أȥҪǮôˣƫƫÿζøˣȻܹô
Ī󽭸Ī˸ѪͷĪ󽭻Ĵһˣ
ĪҲǰ˵ɵӣ̫ˣһ˸ɻһԷⲻŲ䷹ٺķҲͦĵģ˽Ī󽭵ĪĪӺܿˡ
ĪʵҲүӲԼӣҲԼȻԼ˵еˣԼǽ𣿻ϻǶˣֲǹģ
Ī󽭾ȥϿߣ˳˽ˡ
ǣҲ֪ĪҶǴˡ
ʵĪܵÿ죬ȻҪȥҲүӼӾ
ĪԶּֿ𣬼ʵôûأʮ˵ͽ裡ĪҶӣЦĪҶ̫ҪˣſԺôأ
ôһɲŶˣϾҪظǷ϶ҪǵˣڽӵʱĪҶͰǽǮǵķϢȥˣֻǴҶŰɣϾҪûǮ˭ȥȺ¶
ĪҶ൱ڣֻǮȴһȫϯⲻ쿪ŵУǲŵĸ࣡
Դһֱ̽࣬ϵҶ֪ʲôˣûܣҵģԴҲҲˣ
ܴôȻۣĪҶһµĹڽˣõĵ죬ĪƷɻϲصĲУʵܲԺӵļʺѼʺҲܲǳԷҪʺġζҪԺ죬͸ˣԺǶ˵ζĪƷܹˣ
ȻеӣĪƷץΪʲôŴûֶûõĻ¶ˮǱɸһҲа
Դӽĺս࣬ÿڲͣһδһƫƫҲӰҲУһΪ̣ĪƷɻӣԽԽ˵̣ĪƷÿȫжȹģ֪жѰ
ʵҲûر࣬ϾǴ죬ûģҪȷʵȽϲĪƷɣϵȽϺóԻզġ
ԽӵһĪƷǽһ갡ÿ춼кϢ
ĪƷɲҪűˡ
ɶҪĪƷɻΪѾ԰ȥˣ˭֪Ҫ
ϰզأôʱչأĪƷʡ
ɵӣǶ¶أҪ˻ƵգſȥĪӺЦ
Сɣ𼱣Ǻܿסˣðο
ĪƷæʣʲôʱǵĻƵ𣿡
ˣľ˾˰ģˣĪӵСɣգСһ٣ؼҰæϲǿɲܲڣ
ִǹŴǴ£ƵʱһصҪлأлɱӣڱӸȺ÷˳ɵȵ֮Ԣ⣬֪Ҫ
ðɣĪƷɵȻҪˣΪʲôŴ
ĪСȡЦĪƷɣ磬զôļأһ죬ûʲôģ
ûʲôӲҧǣǵȻûʲôˣĪƷɷ
զˣСɣ㱻ҧˣզ˵ЩݻѬѬûǵһ˵
ʲôĪƷʡ
ݿѬӣЧɺˣȥ򣡡õ
Ч𣿡ĪƷ۾һ
Ȼˣõ
ϽȥɣĪƷɵ
ĪƷɺڰ֪Լ˵ˣҲˡ
ܿ͵ĪҶһˣĪƷѬŰݺһ㣬·ϻӻѡҧĪƷɺ
ֻĪҶ·ǰںŸʽĹƷ֪ĪҶգĪںĪԼһЩ˶æˡ
겻СĪվǰ࣬䵱ִ˾ǵλż



ھʮ ϯ
ּ֮ľھʮϯĪվǰãȻĪƷɼӲţ߿˫־㣬һ࣡
ʽԺĪΪ׵·ſڣƷһȦȻŽ룬ŴȣԷȵȣĪ֮ǰ˵·һ飬Ҿ֮ǰ˳¯
˲㣬վ㰸ǰֻʱѾվˡ
Ī֧㣬ݸĪӣӣϣţһͷߵ֪𣿡
֪ˣĪһµĽӹ㡣
н˻ǲ촵ֻȣҡ㡣
ȻĪ᰸̫ڴˣλ󼪣ĪᰵĽĪһİĪ᰽̵߹ȥ
ȵλãʼĪʼ
Ȼ˺ӴӴУֻĪʮ޵ĺûáϣһһƷ϶˫ﳯԪڣĲļƣ岽ȷǡ߲ͬǸաϰ˲ƯϾŲӵǿƣʮϵȫٻ꣡
ã˱һȲʣˣ
Ȼ󹤽ǿʼȥߣĪҵֿʼæµǹһԻæ
ҶĪӸˣĪӵϲĪҲЦۡ
µĹƷϼлм䣻֮ǰõЩȥΪϲ£ЩҲ൱ϲҪôմһմģЩƷѾ׼õĸŮŶӽ֣ټһƽϲʦȫ̲ٿأʼˡ
ũϲ磬˼ҲǰһͻԶԾϺȻڶϲ磡
ЩһЩѺľҪˣ˼ҲŻϺտıƣҿ϶Ҫеġ
һæҲǺ࣬ũĺôݶ࣬æҲ࣬һ͸дͺã
Ī֣ϲϲⷿӸǵƯտıĪӸˣȻ˵㣬нġ
տְֶ֧ĪҲˣһ
ߣտıҲˬƱ͸ĪӸ
磬лˣĪӸҲһ
aiԼֵܿɶȺˣƸˬ
ƣҳĪ˵㣡տıˣҲչ
Цˣ˵ɶò˵һɣƴȤ
㻹֪ܲǣ˵űչտıҲ˵Цĵ˵
ɲôֵܣһƹЦĪһơ
˺žƣ죬Ȼһгտ֣þò
˿ȥĪӵĴĪںžƱЦ⣡
տıҲһ£漴Īֺã
տ֣ӱȽֱеĵطຣգҲͽ軨׷ллҵܵܵչˣĪںһֵģ
ȻĪںӲм䣬ϲʱվЩĪںȻá
ҪĪƷ϶֪ɶˣþִĻģ
ãϲϲש߷ģɰĽԺ󰡣͵ɣһͬ˹ϲ
ҲģЦţ㼪ԣ
ǱȽϻ˵ģҲǲ˵ģã˵Ϊ˸ⷿӣǷ϶ǮǷ˶٣
⻰ЦЩǿˣôش
Ƣãû쭣ĵҲǺ֪
ϱģҲϲģǸͷһףжϲˡ
Īǲ˵֪ģЦúܲã˵٣ҲǣϾӳϢ
ĪҴߣСϴЦ۾򼵶ʷĿɵԺӣȻ˵ǽǮģ˭
Сϲɵϲӿɲ˵ʲôùͷĻ
ĪӶɨӱߵһȦˣǿЩ˾ſֱӾֻθȫޡ
ĪĪƷһ˱߳ԱģĪҶкˣЩ͵Сһ
ĪڵϣĪ˿ûа㲻˼·֮ǰûʲôƵģ¾ͷԣⷹ˲˳Եģ֮ǰԵɶ
Ҳûа̵Ծ԰кˡ
۾Ѫˣ˵˽Ǯǵķӵôש߷Ҳˣզôɣ
漴ɨСһֻۣⷿӿſɱլɶˣǸɩָ಻þأ



ھʮ ¼
ּ֮ľھʮ¼ҳҲԣԺ󲻵ԼУԼӸСŮˣԲţÿβһͶģſӾȰеĲȼһͨԼӶкˣҲʣµ˹ԣ
ҲͰˣɳϳ˶Ҫ˵лͿˣͿƲסۺ켵ʣ죬˵ﻰ⣬ⷿӿɣǷծأֻô
Ǹ˶ûۿˣ
ۺ켵ʵĻ󲿷˻ǻĹϲĪҶ˵ġ
϶˼ܹ黹˳ˡ
ʱĪӸڰͶˣõߵıȽ˵˼˽ܻҪ˵һ˼ĪҸ˵ľõЩˡ
ûص̨ߣͲ٣̨ģݽҲȷʵ࣬ϴвˣ˲ˣĩ˻ҪϴϴŹ黹ΣһЩϴˣҲҪŻȥ
СˣЩˣǲͷһ֣ǰɶʹɶõ
ˣˣԼҳ԰ɣæ֡
ũÿֶ񣬸ɻʱҪõôƴǣ
ȥģöסϱϵСĶˡ
ֻøٰѶһ֣ȻĪƷɡĪС١ĪС˸ȶСЩæ͹ȥ
ʣˣʣµһЩ⡢ҲָЩæס
һεǹ׿ɲһ㣬ǹһɵģԼõĹƷҲʢ񣬽ΪգҪȣһͷһͷţʵǲõãҲûɱţһֻӴ棻ǵġ
鶼㶨ˣĪҶһͻݵĵǶ˰ɣȥϴϴɣ˯þˣ
˲延Ŷ̫ˣ
ĪƷɶ̲סЦɨԺ䣬ĪƷɲһ⡣
һظǷӻѵĿɲֹһʮǷͻ빤˵ǮӲԼʳѣ˶ʮܹʮ⻹ûռĹƷЩҲӡ
ЩǮûа׻ڷӽɣܹʮ䷿䣬ԭԤƵĶļ䣬ļͷҲãÿסķﶼһԼСһ³䣬³ĪƷǿҽģСĻͿϲˣĪƷɸɴŪһԼдֵĵطżȥ鷿ˣͿԼ߿飬ʲô
ԺҲûʲôģҪ˵ĻһɣһͣĿھש߸ΧǽǽǽϻӦĪƷҪżƬĿھǷӣϷһţǳ淹ұ֡
ȻˣĪӷס࣬ųĪʫӨķ䣬ΪĪʫӨŮӣСԾסĪӷһЩ
ĪСķ䣻ȻһͷŴֱȥͷ鷿СͷΪϱߣɹã䷿ŴţĪСܵķ䣬ĪƷɵķ䣬ĪСٵķ䣬˵ķĶ棬ǰԡң滹һ̨ˮϴ裬ԼΪ߹ůģԼȻ֮ǰ˵䡣
ǰΧһȣȳΣһǴӴ쵽һǴĪӵķ䵽ĪƷɵķ䣬㴦һͤųǴӦĪƷҪһھˮȡˮҲ㡣
ȻһȦݣ˵ݣĪƷɿôô񱡺أ
Щ⣬ĵذ壬ԺӶĵطʯ壬ڴţĴҲһʯ·Ȼʯ·߲˼
Ժûʯ壬ӦĪƷɵҪ˺ü˸˵ֲĹ÷÷ӣӣˮ㽶
һܷó滹ʱͷǳˣĪƷɹ붼ú
Ժĺ򿪿ѳ߲ˡ
Ժ󣬲ԺȦѺСϪСϪСɽҲȦһ飻СϪѼãųȥϸϻɽ¸ãųȥͬٸϻѼᰤš
ҪĪƷ˵ĪҶλѡرĺãСϪΣҪΣĪƷɻ治ôŪȻȱ°Ҫ֪ʱСϪǿԺȵģ



ھʮ ¼
ּ֮ľھʮ°¼·Ϸûȫ깤ҼҾҲûȥ·ȫŪˣǾͰȥߵϷӾҪ˳ιѼĵطˣդʲôĶˣŪһģʱդĳڿڲ棬·
ԺŶԹȥĪƷҪֵЩټդðֹ߰ĪƷɵĵ⣬ԶŵԺŴҲһʯ·
ԺĵͲôݳˣʲôʯ壬öʯʯӣֱҪ̫ˣҪѵ˹ѣСϪ߶ʯҪ˵ж٣С¡
ȻԺŴϣǽ˸Ҳ˿ھרȡˮģû취ĪƷɵ֪׿ӵˮɲ㣬ĪƷܱ֤òɾЩͺܲˣȻ쵽Ժ⣬ʱҪȡȥؾͿԴУӰɾ
⣬Ժӵ»޽ĸؽѣһĪӷķ䣬һ䣬һڿһؽѣͷ޽Ժ
ĪƷܹܲʮһõסֱֵ̫ˡ
˵ĪƷɿ⣬ĪҶ˿Ŷ⡣
գĪҶУӳ깤ҼҾҲ½ȥˣĪƷǿҪ󽨵ĲʼĪҶܵʵʵڵĺôȥéҲõĵȥⲻ˵ؼرĸɾǰסļһɾ
Īҷӽש߷ǷĴõĿĪƷɾÿܵİů
¼һ죬ĪҶû˳ԷˣֻǰĪĪӵֵܽãǿ޼õֵܽöһԸʽסˡ
СɣˣôģĪƷɲȥԷּԺһεסһսܼң
ҪִĪƷɶܳԵ٩ˣϧǹŴĪƷֻܰǻʻضȥ
ţĪƷҲ
ȥϴϻ˾Ͳˣõ
ļµˣĪƷɾȵĵ
ǰ˫ϲţȥιʱֵģе滹źѪ˿أϲĵ
Щˣ⼦ͷµĵʲôӢ˵βģҩпܻգĪƷæ
þϲĵģҪҩֵǮ
ǺҲôһ˵õȥʣҪǿԵĻЩֵǮˣĪƷɵ
ţţǣǣúˣ֪⼦˸ɶȻͷأ
öĪƷɵĻ˵ţŮ޵ķʸ
ҾȥȥǮС
ĪҲѵ磬ͬٹ棬Խ֤ĪƷɵĲ²⣬ﻵЦϧû취⻰˵˺ܶȤζ
ĪӶĸŮЦ˵ʲô
ǼҵĸµˣС˵ʲôӢҩܻգҪпоȥʣҪյĻǾͰӢ£
ģȥʣĪҲˡ
ľ˾˲ǻҪԺôˣðɣĪƷѵȻҲǮͦҪģҲһʱ
ûϵھˣĶˣʱСդΧһѼϽȥͺãѼֱӷźϪæ
ϷΪȫףԭԺõһЩԷļһ°˹ȻĪӸⷽ漫䲻Ը⣬ΪҲⱲ⣬ҲǻõһˣԾﵽⶼŪãŪµģԸ໨ǮҲۣ
ĪƷɲô飬õĶԭʲôˮ׳ͷɨȵȵģֻҪãǻһǵģĪҶҲڹ
Īӳһ£ҲãǾһ£ȥҩʾͻأ
ĪƷȥϴϴ緹͸ĪСٻĪһȥϣĪӺļģ߱߳緹ڼʳûʢǹܱ϶ҪһͷΪǾ仰Ϸȫס
ȻˣĪƷҲǿǵг޽ģȷʵЩģҲͬˣ˵ˣҪĲҲУԼֵ߲ˣҲҰˣĻЩŹȴҲˣ˳㲹ơ
ʵҲͦõģãǰˣϸ淴ǳԵˣǮ˿ʼԴ߲ˣ
ĪƷȰĪӣôȥ˼ҲҪŰҪûţĪӻҪ׵ţĪƷҲû׼Ͼֻǰ￴ģ˭֪ǲǺߵģҪģǾˡ



ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮĪƷæȸĪӴԤ룬ĪڶĪƷĪƷɶԼҪ֭ţĪƷѹܴ
ĪӺܴĵû£ҲʣҪûԼҳҲãҲգͦã
Īֻѹסļȳ緹
ϣĪļȰ͵ѧȥȥҩꡣ
ĪƷ˵ĹȻûĪӵʱ˼ҲſʼŰ塣
ҪҪץҩҩСĪӡ
ǸǸ𿴸ղĪôµͷ˾ЩΪȻĪƷ˵¶Ҳֻ˵ģҪ˼Ҳգû˵Ǿˣ
ʲô£ҩС̬ȵͦõģĪӻ֧֧ģһǲҩĵģʵƽҩĵҲֻ˼ҲĪ˹ģžͲǸҩĵģ
ţ㣬Ҳ֪㲻㣡Īǵͨ죺˵˵ĸͷµĵʲôӢģҩգͣʣĪԽ˵ԽС
Ӣȵȣ´򣡡ҩСûгЦĪӣĪá
һóһ֮ǰĵСǸĪʶģĪ򣡡
Ӣ𣿡Īʡ
ǣĪʱеˣ¶ġ
ж٣ǸµĵĪʡ
ԣĪû˵ǼˣĪӸһĸûأ
һǮ𣿡Īڷȥҵĵ𣿡иĲҪΣмڷʪҲҪӢȱ
ĪҲûŽ£ϲֺڣĵٵȵǸµӢѾ˳ˣȻĪӼæǸǼһļûµҲվˣ
֪ȱǾȻ͵ͨļˣˣզôỊ̄ûס
Ī˵Ĳ֪ȱҲû˵
ǿűŭĪĪӹԵĸƵģûһ졣
Ǽ˶ֻĸԺĪɫڻһЩ
֪ǼܹʮֻжʮֻɣĪСĵ
ĪһСһˣ𣿼ȻӢΪʲôĸֿ
ĪӰͰ͵ĿĪûҿԼ֮ǰֲ֪
ĪⲽˣҸȥȿ
ĪϲǻԼ˸˸𣿡ҩСæ
û£һȥĪ
ȻĪӾ͸ĪۿĪߴ·æСѵĪߴˣ
ĪˣǲǹģǺҸղ㣬Ȼߴ·զ˵
ĪӱʾҺԩ
ĪĪӵҵʱѾæȻˣĪС²ŷɷһʶ߽æλã
Ī˿ãĸ˸룺ţĺܺãĪ򻹼ǵĪӣѹֿھ˿⡣
Īĵţˣ
Ī˿ǰԺӣתͷĪӵȻǼǮˣզӿǲˣȢһ
ĪӴ󺹣ԩˣĪ⣬﷢˺ܶ飬Ҹæˣ治ǹģȻˣȻϱ
⻹࣡Īһ漴ĵЩȥ
ĪʲôĲΪӢԭ򣬶Լ΢һ㣬һĪҶĸһ𣬶ˣǳûӣӢôѹĸֿͷҪɶˣʲô
Ī򲻿ָĪȥøդѹĸֿһЩĪĶˣʮֻĸãã
ĪЩĸҪֿһܱɶӢĸһµĵǰʮζҩЧûϴΣһ
ǰʮζãǣĪ㿴ЩĸûбǸɶûĪһ߸ˣȻһ䲻ԵĻ
ٴ磺㵽׳ûӣɰܿĸûɶǴ򣬲ɣҲҽҽҲ
ĪٴαøƵģöˣǱڸһĻķʲô£͹ʣ÷ôˣλǣ
Īæĸ磬ĪϵĴ򣡡



ھʮ Ƿ
ּ֮ľھʮǷŶĪãƣȴǵ
ĪаһۣȻת֣߰ޱȵˡ
ãôˣѹʵ
ҡҡͷʾûʲôҲЩ֪ô˵ĪǸһ׷Īƨɺ棺ĪôˣǻҪϱ𣿡
ǻϽϱզӳ緹ɣĪ
Ī³緹ȻðӭһϱòˣĪӲһСĵҰϱ
ĪĪһۣĪӻͦģûһǻϽȥУ
ĪҲû³緹ĪӸȥҩ·ϲʩĸĪӵˣҲˣһ㹫ҪɶҲҪ£е²ܳɣЩҿˣû죬ûʼЩӢ
ͷЩӢжͶ٣ĪһôʵķݶϣӾٸˣЩӢҪҲǮһˡɲԼ˳ˣ
˵ţĪ̲ס˳ˣһӢȥ
ǣǣĪ˵ĶԣĪЦ
ĪӸ˶ӵҩǮֲԣʵСǲˣ
ûⵥӶأСһҩ
ǣĪĳѣĪӵ
Ī˵ˣֻȥģѾͲˣС
ĪӲ˼ˣ⣬Ķа㲻ҪѣҲҪ
ĪˣһզģԼǮ̫ࣿյûţ
ĪӶʱʵˣûû
û͸ӻȥ£ôǮҪͬⲻɣĪ
ŶĪллˣˣĪӶл
ĪˣһǷ
ĪƷɻϢҲˣʮֻĸһֻĸʮپʮ۵ϵҲٰʮһǮĻҲһǧʮǮ
ĪƷɲҲϵˡ
ĪƷĥһ£ȻĪǱǮһǵʣҪӢǲҲǮһգҾǿӢǮһȻĪ򣡡
⣬ðɣҾûˣֿӢӢ𣡶۸Ī˵ģĪӾܾ
ĪƷ룬ĪƷЦģ¶УȻͷĪȱӢҪȱĻǿ԰Ī򿴿֪֪׵ģǿ԰գҲۣ
¶ĪӾÿԣÿ԰ﻹˡ
ĪƷɵ¶ҾÿԸѡү˵˵Ҫ˼ҲӢǵҲռǿ׵ˣȻĪƷҲ֪
ҲãĸĵǰӢջرˣ;ÿġ
ͷȥץЩСؾרĸˣҪˡ
ҲĸҪģͷɱ˳⣬ǮĸͿµǮǮĪƷһ۾Ϳõ˼
ʵһҪԭĪƷû˵ǰ˵ĸȺûйĻеĸԼؾͻ࣬ĸҲ乫ġ
¶ĪƷû˵ڣȻִѾ֤ʵˣڹŴҲ̫ˣĪƷѡĬ
ҲǣϨֻĸ˼Źȷʵǿ⣬ȥҲԼҳԣȷʵͦõģ
ĪҶԺʱ͸ŪˣԭȫƵ½һŵļᣬѼᣬǼᣬĪƷɵҪŪĺܷˮ滹һļѣݶŪˣЩҪĸµģ˶ʯһЩСʯӡ
ȻɽȦһطȦСϪľͷһ׵СţŪ÷ǳġ
⼸գĪҶϲģÿռӢúܻ֡
ĪӿÿԽպο
ԺȭɣһգĪƷɵ
ĪƷɾôҵ嶼Ǻܺãʳˣ廹ǿأһ˶ɫЩ԰ףɫã
ʵĪƷ˵ܲģһ˵ĻͰͷϨˣתִ̫ȭоٽˣһǿ塣
ܵ˾ţȭСɣѧǲǱ۸ˣ￴ˣʵǲУǾͲȥˣýŵشĪƷɡ



ھʮ ȭ
ּ֮ľھʮ´ȭĪƷɿЦãȥˣûˣ
ûˣСɰҪҪ˵ɲܲҴţûǲţƿĪƷɵӵ
ûˣҲû۸ңʵϣĪƷⱩƢ۸ɲס
ԴӼǮ˷ӣѧҲû˳ĪƷɰĽţĪƷȥˡ
զҪȭʡ
ҾǾǼҵ嶼ãСǣȻǼڳԵĺõˣ֮ǰյĻأ˵ȭǿ壬ֲҪǮĪƷɽ͡
룬ɵĵСɣȭ𣿡
аôȭ˸׳ʵ𣿡ĪƷɿ϶ĵ
СɣСǴȭﲻԣʫӨͲҪ˰ɣСĽ飬ĪƷңȭӰɣ
ĪƷɲ죺ȭΪʲôӰ飿һ¶ѣͨһ½ǰˣ
ԷˣǾСǴ򣬲Ȼı̣̽˵ԼȭŹ
ĪƷû뵽ԣֻǣΪʲôֻСǴҸʫӨҲԴģ
СѵСɰϾŮӣкӲһôܴȭأ̫³ˣ
˵ĴȭĹ򣬾һǿ˶ͨһ½ǰˡĪƷʧЦ
գգۣû
ӵģĪƷɵվˣڿƣҪ˵ĪƷɻ̫ȭǰݹװӾͣڵӾɲͰ̫ȭһͨ̫ȭܼˣҪ˵ʲôȭʲô׹ץ֮Ϲģ̫ȭȴ£ȫض˼Ϲ԰̫ȭ
ĪƷģɲͳûѧѧôû˼׷ǣĪƷ׷Ҳû㿴ƺ쳾ʲôãĪĸĸԣ֧֣ĪƷɺú
Сɣ⵽ɶôֵֹģƵģø󾵶Ƶġ
˵ⶫǿģʲô򣡡ĪƷɵ˶ã
ļٵģƵĴһȦͶˣզҸоȥܳˣòţ˳һ³СɣѧģǱƭ˰ɣ
ĪƷɸҭһ£漴ƭǲܵģҿһ׺үүӶһͷүүɫãͽ˵ÿȻͺˣ
СɰأǱƭˣܵҩβɣòţ˵Ƶģܸɶ
ĪƷɿЦãûôҲûɣ˵ˣҿɲǰ׺үүңզ˵ҲһͷҪǮɶô
һĥǣֻǻǾûɶã
Ҳʲô¶һȦˡ˵ǼеطǣԼҲû˿ĪƷȰҲȭƵģҾŰɣҲûʲôһкôأǰɣ
Ҳǣõ
ȻĪ֪ʱһɣþͰĪƷȰĻȰĪӣĪһҲǣɫ¶Īӻϣ֪Īǵ춹ģĪӾĪ˵ɫãʲôԲûУ
ɫãţһˣɫеҰףҸѰĪӣ
ĪӾ͹ԹԵ֡
ĪȷʵЩֻⲡǸģƽҲûɶõģҲʲôҩҪƽע㣬Ե㣬ţܶԵͶԵ㣬ʲôģȻͲˣ
ĪҸ伸ҩͷҪʱͼһȥȻζ˵㣬̲Ҫɶ˲֮ҲУʲô¹Ѫʲôģ֮ĶУҲûϹԣЩöҪУ㻹ҡ
ĪӿЦҲû˵ûʲôǮĪҩҲˡ
ֻĪСĪ򣺡ĪƽҪǲţⲡû¶ɣҪã
ĪصѵõûĪӣҲûɶӰ죬ԺҪˣ˵ƽﲻǾͻĿ죡ҩûȥҲһǼѼʱһȥһҩΣˣ´ҪҲУҩţ
ĪӵллĪ򣡡
Ī˾Ϳʼ̫ȭĪƷ˵ģһȦֲӰʲô
˵ԼҺ¶Ƕ˼ˣһҡ



ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮ±ԴͿЦСã˵ҪҲþܾ㣬ֻѧȭھ̵ֽģûǵǲ⴫ģ㿴Ҫȥʣ
ûû뵽ĪƷҲû뵽ϸ룬Լɶ˵ʱˣִҴţﴩԽŴʲôԴǸĺС
ĪƷЩǵһЩǼֱվ˵ۣǣɷϰѼһཻѧϰʱĽչǶ治˵û𺦵ģ˭Լ༸ŻѪоͶɹͷ˼Ҹ˶ٵѪأ
˵ɣǲΪֻǴӱĶˣûа㸶ʲôֻѧϰˣ
ĪƷɻͦģ˼ƾɶҪԼо˼֪ʶ㣿˼ŬѪ˵һ䣬˼Ҿͷ㣿ƾɶ˼ҲҪԷҲǲʳ˼̻ģ
ԴȥʵĽȻǲͬˣ˼˵ˣͺȥѧҪѧÿ춼ҪȥҲܰ;ϣҪѧѣ
ĪƷû⣬ȻʧҲֻܴͷ
ĪƷȴǶ˵˼ȻСѧ򣬵ҾǴ̫ʯ׼ͷɶʱ׼ͷˣҲѧѹҲͦõģ
ĪƷǻڵóӶˣִѧʲôɣƵִ˲ѧʲôӽȭ׺ȭƵǣ˵ѧʮʮֻҪѧôҲѧЩƤëɣ
ôûѧѧأ࿴ЩƵҲа
ٻҲûãĪƷǰǰĸĸĵܵܣҲ֪ԺǱߵôˣģĸ˲ģ
ĪƷɵһҲ֪ûģ߳û֡
СɣС٣ǻˣôŪģȥϴϴɣĪӿһۣĪƷɸĪСٸӲݶƵģȻתĪС飺С
ƣģӯ꾣šĪСĵ
Īӣţ˳
ĪƷɸĪСֱھϴ֣Ūĺܺãϻˮۣһϴϴףһϴϴ·Ī·ˮܵ˵ڴ϶ŵϵġ
ĪСܼ˻ˣհ鱳꣬ǾͰæˮ
ĪƷһϴһʣСܣҸСԼˣ㻹ڵϰɣ̵Ķ㶼ѧ𣿡
磬ûµġҲţտʼҶˣĪСܵұѧһĲãĪСЩ
Ĳãʲô˼û𣿡ĪƷʡ
ˣǿĿİͰ͵ģ˵ĪСܺ
쿪ʼѧͱˣĪƷɲţѧöˣҲ֪νѧһɲ٣ʹһ첻ϵıܱѾˣҲǹŴĺģҶԴ¾úӱ㻻ִĺԣǶһСһСεҪģѧһƪҪһڲܱȻˣҪһ첻ɾͱĪƷɾҲҪ죬ܱĽͰͣΪɶΪСӵڴʲôԣ
ĪƷľĪСܺ
ţòĪСܿͰ͵ĿĪƷɡ
ĪƷĪСܵСԴϣɵСӣ绹ʲô¶أô˵Ĳã֪米ѧһ˼ô
죿ĪСʡ
죡ĪƷɵСѾܰˣ
𣿴磿ĪСԣĿĪƷɣ
ĪƷɵȻˣҪ֪ĸԣ綼ΪҪڴǰҫأ˵ĪСܵԴϣ´βڴǰҫ˴ģû
磬ҲǹģĪСܲ˼ЦЦֵҪ
ĪСֿĪС٣磬㱳ﻨ˶ã
ĪСٶһ£죡
磬ȻñĪС˵꣬ЦԶˡ
Сӣ˵㲻ҪҫҵģһĪƷװĵ粻򱿵ģ
ĪСЦ˴֡
ĪС߱ˣҲֵУĪʫӨסĪƷɵĴȣ磬ûиǣ
Ӵ绹ˣֹԲѽҪǹԣǻòãĪƷɻˣĪСٻ﷢ȥţ﷢Ҳеͷвô
磬ҽɹˣҸСǧģҶбĪʫӨĵҲʧΪһĪʫӨ͵Ǵ粻ˣҪҴǵģȻʫӨͿ޸㿴



ھʮ ܴ
ּ֮ľھʮܴããǴĴʫӨǸòãʫӨԭ´磬ɲܿˣҪǿˣƯʫӨСèô죿ĪƷɻͳһס
ĪʫӨԼʳԺЩ⣬µٿʼֳԽƯƵĿɰˣټȵĪƷɼֱ޷ֵ
绵˵ʫӨСèʫӨŲСèĪʫӨĵ
СɣС٣СܡСʫӨǱˣԷɣĪӳһ
õģĪƷӦ
ڶ·ϣĪСĪƷɣ磬ƭСܵİɣ
ƭСʲô˼һʱĪƷɻûת
СܱĪСѡ
ŶûĻʱ䱳ģĻûСͨ˳أĪƷɵǻɲԭȷʵǻ챳ǻԭأ֪ԼŮӣѧҲûģĪӿɲŮҪ۹Ůأ
ȿȣȻˣĪƷҲұ֤ҪԼĻҪòܱϾĿһֱãѧϽǸϣҲΪĪƷǰһͷһѧЩģּЩִļʶڱ治ô⣬дϣĪƷɵǱȱǿһ㡣
ȿȣĪСû뵽ԼʴӱоʲôĴ羹Ȼһ㣬һʱǺˡ
ĪƷû뵽ĪС㼤զˣأƭСܵǼ챳ģ
ĪСٳһ¡
ôˣ˵£ûɶҲС˵ģĪƷɵ
һ죡ĪСٵ
ɶһ죬Сһ𣿡ĪƷɵˣ
ǣһͱúˣĪСĵĵ˫۾Ҳ·˵ţĺܱ
ʲôĪƷɴܴĪСǹİɣ֪ұ㻹̼ңĪƷɿ϶ԼȷĪСǹˣǹҫʵ
ĪС֪Զˣ磬¶治ңҲû뵽ô
վסҲ˵̼ң㻹˵㲻ǹģĪƷɵһĶ̼أ꣡
ԴˣĪƷɶ⹢ڻĪӣʫӨССѶˣȻĳܴ̼ˣҲĪ˵㰲οУĪ˵ˣҲǻ챳ģֻĪû˵ʱ䣬һƪҲͦġ
ĪƷƻˣԴ˴㷢ͼǿ˼Ҳ˵˱ûϵŬϣҪŬ
ĪƷɵŬѧϷѧĹĪС˻౳ģʫʣĪƷɱĪСĪСٱĪƷȻĪƷɾʹܴˣİɣΪɶѧĿαĪС飬ҲʱһҲᱳˣ
棬ĪƷʵڹŴѧѧԱȸߵͣǲŰô
ЩǺ󻰡
СɣֿʼˣǼǲǲȥ﷢ʡ
ۣôĪƷʣǰᵽ
Ҫôȥȥس޳ǽ﷢СɣţǼӦǲõĵġ
ҲǺǼأĪƷʡ
ǼҰǼҪأ﷢ΪǼĸжҵԥҪҪǮأ㲻֪ۿɿˣסĲԵҲڱصĻãҪأǾĿף˶ҪԼǮΣ
ôࣿǹܷ𣿡ĪƷ֪ܷĻӦͦȥġ
ǹܣһҪ߸ʱˣҵ˵ȫҪģÿ궼ڷ۵ʱأ﷢
ʲôǲβ𣿡ĪƷͻȻ뵽ѹڹܶ඼˵ʲôǺûԵģֻз⽨Żᡣ
ĪƷɾ޳ǽɶĻðҲһ˰ɣʹִҪ˰ġ
ʵĪƷǲ֪޳ǽʲôȷʵǻãҪǸʲôү췿һģ·;ңԶ˵ؾҪ꣬·ʲôĶҪԼҪǰ·ԼԼģ˵ġ
ȻˣҪǸβǶǮİֲȥүģ﷢ҵرܿţǼҾͲٷˣ
ŬŬܿϵģĪƷ﷢ļʾ
ʵҪܳǮõģҪǲܳǮǾˣΪ˵أҺΣա
ĪƷɸ﷢˵ҲеԼˣ֪ǰŴźֵǮ˰ۣʱĪƷôҲ˽ˣһĪƷ˵ʱһЩǰ֪ʫʸ踳УʶĸҩɶģֶһֶǰŴ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ۵أһ֪ĳʷĪƷɶˣҪ˵ʷǰĶͬͬգɳʲôľͶ߰ģû
֪ʱЩܲ
С٣ǼҪ𣿡ĪƷʡ
ţãĪСٵΪʲôôʣ
ðǾͺãǼҪ˰𣿡ĪƷʡ
ҲãĪСٵ磬ôˣ
ûʲôǽ﷢Ǽǲǲ÷ۣ˵ǼҪˣҲĪƷɵ
ŶȷʵӦóˣ﷢Ĵ綼ʮˣﲮַ﷢Ͳ꣡ĸжˣĪСٵ
С٣Щô֪ģĪƷɾ棺ô
˵ģĪСٵô󲿷ֶ֪磬㲻֪ŽйªŰɣ
ðɣĪƷֱһ¡
ոջ˵۵¶صһϸɤ·˭ɤƵģҪһˣҪҵҵȥۣҾɢ˰һڼܸɶ¶
ɩ˵仰֪ģҪǱƲѣҲǣ
ĪƷɸĪСٶʵ̫ϤˣҲ
һۣӿ˽Ųǲڵʱ򣬷Ӧʲô
һԺӣͿͤĸˣĪӸãĪ󽭸ϡ
ǻˣĪƷɸĪСٵ壬
СɣСٻ˰Ī󽭷ܵĵ
ֱŤͷûĪӷ㵹Ǹ仰ܣܲڼȰɣ
զˣĪƷɴչȥûѳϵ¡
ûɶĪ鲻õĵ˿ͨ죬Ȼҵòᡣ
ĪӵȻطȥ
ĪƷɸĪСٶһۣȻĪƷĪСٽķ䣬Ϊͤ˵Ļ
ĪƷֵֻĪ󽭵磬ܵˣѵҪ֪ҲҰۣҲǰˣҪ治УҲ㣡ۣҲ治˸ɵ¶˵Ǵ壬Ƿûģ¹¶ĸԳһңжѣ
󽭣Ҳǲϰ㣬Ҳ֪ԼǷһծǮ㣿ĪΪѵĵﵹЩҡֻһ㣬ҪǮҪĪƷɵͬ⣬ҲûҪݵǷǮ״̬
Īӳɳ˺ܶ࣬ǰɵɵģһطӣ˽ʶˣټָţĪҲ˲١
ûǮܸôķӣûǮǻмѼôЩˣҲܴЩϵҲҪȫҪܰųһҲУ
ĪƷ涼ЦˣǷۣƾʲôǼҳǮ
ĪˣЩˣھͿǼѼծأѼԼĸʲôƵģһںò˸ѼĽûأһſھӪˣ
磬Ƕ˵һʶĪЩŭˣĪЦ˺ֻǶ磬ѣһͭ嶼ûУھָŻͷʳأ֪ûǮǶ磬ûضǮеطǮҲû˼ܰҽһ֮ǰҲȥˣ磬һ˽һͷǮҾͻǣ
ĪӳĬŲ˵Ȼ֪ԼǮĪҪܼԼûǮ״̬˽ǮĪӲ룺ʱǮô㣿
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ЩΣĶȷʵǱǰģôеΡ
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ĪٴγĬˣĩ˲ŵ󽭣ɣһӲС£о仰Ī˵ˣҪĪ󽭷۾ʹɥ϶ǹⲻȥġ
ĪӶҡˣĪаϲٴκۿᣬ߳ĪҶ
ȳԺӣĪϾޱģԹҵģ磬ڶɶˣҳ׼ǺֶӸ̻ģӲģǶôˣϰæ˵С£㶼˵ỹˣ綼Ӳˣ



һһ ô
ּ֮ľһһôĪҲ˺ܶ࣬ʲô취ԴԽҲʶˣҲ֪զ£Ȼܸ̬ȣģǾΪ֪Īô䣬ʻǺõġ
߰ɣȥ󷿣Ī󽭵
󷿣ôڴɩҶɶƵģ˵ôǮզԶٷƽˣҲԹ
ˣǾ͵ûĪ󽭽͵ԭҪǶܴӦˣǾͲȥˣڿЩȥҴ˵˵ϾȻͷϣ˵粻ϣһأղҲûĪӵģʵûϴ˵أ
ܰɣڵôӲϲţզǲЩģЩݣȻǰҲ˵㿴ЩѼ˾ܴչһȥ˽һҲˡҪûּ֮ǰ֪ѣ綼ǿڣˡզأĪƷСӣŻʰ
ĪҲ˼ǲֻҾöȷʵӲ˲٣ˣǻȥϴ￴˵ɣвǻеôһˣӴղ룿һǸҲҪҲҪ
˵ĪƷĪ󽭵ɱûҪһʰҲҪƻˣɲ緭绹ģֵĥ˻϶ס
ϳĪӾĪƷɣСɣ˵۵¶뻨ӶۣûǮ˵Ǹý𣿡
ĪƷʵοĪõǽ裬ǳ
ĪƷɵҾðɣǮǲҪĺã˵ĺãǮ裬ֲǮ裡ԣػǴнûģԼ룬ˣԸǰһ֣ǼûǮæǮǷǲǾ͸д֣ǵʱ岻ǲϣ
ʵҾͲӦÿڣǹܣ֪Ƿ˼ôǮķݶϣ廹ڣһЩǮ룬ծ۵£ôȥڽǮ嶼֪ԼǷ˵Ǯûٽ費ˣѵ㻹ܽ𣿲˵Ƿı࣡ĪƷɷ
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ָ֪տ壬տǮտǮҲǼҵѽҲõѽٽ𣿡϶ûеġ
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Сɣ˵ЩĪҪ֪ЩʹӦˡ
ĪƷĪ˵ĪƷɺο뵽Щĺܸˣûǰôɵˣ
ĪЩ죬ǰͦɵġ
ֻĪҲԼĹǣֻǵо仰˵öԣÿȷʵǲ٣ЩģһĪˣĪҪһӵģѰ۵Ļȷʵǿ࣬ܲ˵ģôԼĵܵܣٲܲڼȣ
ĪƷǰ滹񻰣ЩˣֻǿĪһǣ뻹ˣĪӻнġ
ҪˣȷʵǸ⣬ĪƷǿЩƷݣǶԼƷҲڵҪȥĵزĪƷɳһµŵĻܲȥһ½ȥʵҾòȻտ壬ȷʵǺΣգôȷʵǸðһѣҲôǸӣ˾ͱˣֺеģ˵ʲôһ²ڣû˸ɣЩҲǸڿˣ
˵˵ּôٻûҲûȥҵɣǼ⻹еҵڣǻĸʲôƵģأеģһѣ䣬ĵģӻͦģ
˵˵ҲûɶУҳŸ죬ӴͷĵβģĺҲûôܣǼҵĵأҿ˵ˣүү̿ǰŲأûǶٹҲũæʱӲˣأûˣ



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ּ֮ľһִҾҪǱˣܲһӣԼи徻𣿻˵ܵһҲ񣬾ҲԣĪƷɷʡ
ĪҡͷˣȻܹˣǼҲԣȻнлˣ
ҾòȻȥسǴһ°ɣô£Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ǸģȻ˵տ񷿵ģǴһǿԵģΣգҾûǿȥԳԿ࣬ʡڼֺеģҲӣĪƷɵտ岻ΪѵĻȥۣǻտæ˽´һ£չŵˣչĪƷɲָĪ󽭲Կ࣬ȷĪ󽭵ȫ
ǣСɣۣͦ˵ģĪӻЩġ
ԿˣôӣⱲѵҪôˣûڳԿ𣿳٣¶ٲ֪ģƤͦģֻҪһͿԵ飡ĪƷɲˬˣĪӼֱľɵҲʲôʱˣĪ󽭣ؼҪ۵ǵط
ҲĪ˵СɣҾã費ǮҲеΣ
ĪƷЦզˣ㱻ĻĶˣǼҰǵĶˣ𣿿ɵЩҲǴǼҰߵģôûأЩҲԼģ
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ĪƷɶõͷתͷĪȴǲ𣬻Թ¶㣬Ҫ壬Ҳῴȥ
ĪСҲĪƷ˵Ҳ֪пģǺõģǲ֪ô˵ǱˣʵҲô˵öԣ壬嶼㣡ˣֲ漰ҪûˣҲģҲô˵ҪΣգȷʵǿҸӽǮ壬ծҲǵģǲܰŻҪûΣգҾĸȥһ£
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ҾС˵öԣ簮ʵҳ˲ɵΪɶһ飬ûأˣĪƷʡ
Բ˿࣡Īӵ
ԣǰ򣬽չ嵱ܳԿ࣬Ҿ˵ǻ翼ţǲ;ϣԽյĿҪԼʣ;ÿˣɵ岻Կ࣬ԺأܲܿǽӼðɣܳԺ󲻻ؤɣԵڰ𣿡ĪƷҲ
ǰҪǲģĿӻںͷأĪСٵ԰ҾôҲûãǵȥտƽϰɣ
ǵȥտɣĪӿЦȻźǵ֪Ǿ岻ãСʱġȻԲ˿࣬Ҳ֪Ϊ϶ӣʱƵʱƼˣοҡʱң廹˵Сʱֹֿɰǲ֪ʲôʱ
ĪƷɸĪСٲÿɷ񣬲˵ŻǲţֻĪ̬ȣĪƷ°ˣĪӣʹӻ˼ˣɲʲô
ĪӼҶţæ˵ģǿ壬Ȼһ㣬ҲûʲôǰɣܳЩӣռˣȥ¶ҲģҲûɶϵ
ĪСҲĪӵ̬⣬ɶȻ˰
ĪƷɴתã㻹ĻȭɣҲ֪ղôôˣǻ˵ˣĪƷɰյ˵õҪԼơ
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ĪƷɵԴСɣ֪̫ˣֻǱϾ壬ֵܣܲһ궼˰ɣ˵棬ѹ
СɣЩҲﱣ֤ԺҪͬͲ㲻ҪòãղЩܣõ



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ּ֮ľһ¹˾ղˣǴȭɣĪƷҲˣʵ⣬ûɶë
ҪСɣﲻˣ֪ҵСТ˳ӣõ
ĪƷ룬ɴ̧ͷһڣ㻹𣿡
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ĪӣǺôиҰ
ĪߣҲŸոմӴ߳ոճԺӣϾȲѹҵģ᲻᲻ãղֱӸĪں˺ˡ
ĪƲƲ죺ɶ㿴ǲ˺иûǿˣϴͱָʲôֵ꣡þðɡ
ǣ粻ᱨǰɣϵ
Ī󽭺ܹɶñģ˵ˣǹŵģѵЬģһӶ˵ʲô£㿴ɶΪҲ֪Ƿݽ͹һӣƽЩѧĳʲôģҪңҾȥ淢ȥѧ֣һˣ
Щȣôࣿ˵һ࣬Ƕ𣿡
ǶǺǵģĪ󽭵Ҷ˵ˣ
Ҳ̫صˣһ죬˵ǵ㣬żȥһٷӲǱӣ۾۾ģʵ۾ˣѹֿĪҴôù
ǰΪأֵܾǶˣҲҶɵĪ󽭵
ǣǲһɵȻôõӪܶˣȻҲ㰡ϵ
ƫģĪ󽭾Ȼó˵͵
ߵܵܵĹ˾ĪҶǲġ
ڶ죬ĪӰѼȥƵ꣬ƽţȻһҪߵʲôʱسǣ
˵ĪҪسǣҲ£æӣȻҸһȥ
˵λտְôƸţ߸Ī졣
ԣһȥȥĶĪִ̾˵ˣصĪӣֻҲûվĪߣӣʵҵǾƷ⺢˵öԣܾҪúóԿ࣬ȻǺΪãѵһ
⵱ȻˣĪӵ
ǲ͵ˣóڳԳԿ࣬ͷ˵ԼˣڿϽˣզҲƵ
ҿһƷСӵҰɣҾҵǮɲȫƷɱгˣƼ
ĪӾ⻰ģԼһ䣺Ҳûôסɣ
˵㿿סɣ̫ˣʵ¶ûöԵطҿСɾͦãƶĪƷɲһ
磬Ҹ˵ģ֪ͺãᰡĪӵ
ҲⱻĪӶඣһ䣬ˬʵĵãִ֪磬ģ
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ô£ⷽɱĪӶĶ࣬ʵûĪ¶ҲǴҪ̽һģҪĪӷˣϾǼҲûʶˣֻܹĨǵġ
ĪӣĪտıߣɱ֮ǰʶЩ˿׶ˣҲˣƱĪӻάϵء
ӣ˵ʵҽسҲΪ¶ģҪܴܷ̽λտ飬ΪҲҪ֪һϢտģƲǲ֪صˣԲ˵ȥģƻ֪֮ģûһȾƵĽ׽
УģӦòʲô£Īӵ
ţôȶȶˣʡһʱ䣬سǣƵӣسû£Ҳȥ䡣ͷҪ¶ˣǾԼɣ
УĪ˵š
ӣտıû뵽ĪԼϲģôпسǣ㲻˵ڼѼ𣿡
ı㣬û¶ɣĪӲ˼ĵ
ˣҸ㵹ˮտı˶ء
ǾͺãǾͺãˮͲˣı󣡡Īӵô𣿡
УҲ̫æտı֮ǰһ緢ҲǣЩȨˣ֮ǰֻ𾴲һԼ𾴣



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ּ֮ľһԼһ£˵ʲôɽȪˮŸζǲģտıЦš
أ·סΣ˵ӶˣˣҶûȥأտı
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ǻ治տıȤĵ˵ҶˣͷҲȥס죡
ǣҸ˵ҰȤģ˵ûɶǮÿȥ˼ѼͻȻӶ飬ԺڲСϪȦһƷŪӣ£沶㣬ͷСִϪɱԣǽһĪӻͦ⾳ġ
ҰѼӸϳѼȥҼҵѼëǽһѩװرƯѼСϪϷżԼѼϪһģһͽˣҶУǼأԼȥĳӣҶӹӵģɰµˣĪ˵ŴЩ⡣
أøһãѼӾԼ¸µΣųһӣԼҲǣԼɻҼҵļСɵĻ˵˶ö࣬ӳģҰЩԼũҼۣĪӵ
ӰͲ˼ˣⲻǲ𣿲УȻͷݵʱҪݼңҲҪѼӣ㣡տı
ţǻϪ㣬ǺԺˣԼժˣʱɶԼժҾ;ûͦ˼ģĪӵ
˺óԣóԣóԣǶĪĪƷ˵ģִôôĪƷҲô˵ˣĪӸտʼϹųŸоЩһҲ֪ǲǴ˵Īӵˡ
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ʵտıҲµˣȻĪִĻ˵ǸլУйæǮأ
ʲô˵ɣտı
Ȼǳȥ˵߳Ա˵ĪӵϾտıİ칫ĪҲ֪ûзɻ䡣
У֮ǰף㶼ϣһԸտı
տıĪӵһ¥Ҫ˸ᣬ˲ˣȥˣŵӣʲô˵ɣ
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¶ûΣˣĪԣϲĵ
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ҾƷɵɣھƷԽԽˣ㲻˵ǷӲⶼƷɳ㲻⣬ڿǲǶܵ˺ôտı
Īεĵıզ˵ǸһģһأҲô˵ҼҪƷɵ⵱ڣ
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ּ֮ľһ´̽տı̲סЦ㻹ԥʲôȻ֪ռϽó
Īӣ
տıĪЦһͣ£ˣЦˣô֪ģģ
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տıһ£У˵ûϵ¶֪ˣ⴫ˣһ²һ£
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ûϵɣҲҪ̽ϢģĪӳ£ô𣿡
أҪտı
ĪӵĴİֵûµģı粻Ǽƽϵˣ⣬أûɶ˵ţĪҲɵЦðɣˣҲտı˵⻰ʱ
տıһ£ɵɶ飬⽻ҪҴʲôҲģ
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տı㵽ɵǾ˵ɵ㻹ˣ㾫ǵطˣҸ㲻㣡ܱģûտıָĪӵ
ıҲôһ˵㼱ɶ㿴ҶʵϣǾϵԾʲô˵ʲô𣿡ĪӺƢЦš
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أʹŷѼӣӪٸҷݽ͵Ĺ㿴ôտı
ı󣬻ˣҾɣӻԹȥٿҪ浽ɽˮˣҿ϶ģĪٴξܾ
УҪҿɱѣտı
̫ˣĪӵı㻹ļȥסҾسɶãҲɣɾ̫ˣ飬Ҽң
˵ˣ¶Ҫúоһ£ţҰѼܣʱһȥҹȥտı

磬ĪӾ͸ˣտıҪĪϢģڸ˵ʱҲһִտıƢա
ЩĪӾЩ˼ˡ
Īʵϣǰ飬԰ȥ˲ݣǱߵˣһ֪ǰˣĪɫÿΪû취ҲûҶʣֱţڻȥ·ϣĪӲŰ˵ˡ
ƾˣⲻǺ𣿴ôˣ
ûУҾҵܵ¶Īӵ
ĪһĪӻƣֻܰοû£ЩЩ¶ûףҿҲ˲٣Ժ룬ˡ
ֻģȻûɶ¶㻹Ÿѵһզ㶫ȥ
ѽû뵽˵ֶأ˵ǲӦȥĪӺȻղտı뵽¶
ԣ˵ˣεҡҡͷ
ĪӲ˼ˣÿ´ٲϰɣ
ĪƷɸĪСٶܹĪӽ̽Ľ˵ҵʱĪүҲˡ



һ Ī
ּ֮ľһĪáүүĪƷɸĪСٺ
С٣Сɣǻˣ۲ۣĪʡ
ۣ˴ĪƷɵүү
ãأĪʵ
ҵҿĪСٷ
ˣȥѼӸȥȥ߳
ǲˣҵȵȾУĪ
ôˣһ˵ҺüΣҲǸջų˷ȥĪʡ
ȥˣĪ
Īϴ֣ĪĶ棺ҽȥˣ¶
ĪƷɸĪСҲչˣҪǵĵһ¾֪үΪʲô¶ҲĽĪʵĽ
үүҵȥտæ۵¶ĪƷĪӽ͡
һſھȥտһӡĪСٲ䣺ǼҰѼѼӶˣȥǮ۸ˣ
Ī˶ĪûЩֻĪң֪ܼô֣Īֻ˵綼·ϽǮ˵˷۳¶ĪͶ˵˼ʹ̸һ̸
ĪҲ֪ҵģԾţҶһĪ󽭣Īһѣ
ĪЩˣſڣĪҶгģô˵
ĪĪƷɸĪСٵԴСɣСٹԣѧ壬Ǹ಻ġ
ȻŶĪӵӣôʲô
ϢԼ֪ͺã⴫ȥĪȶ
ģзִ磡Ī
ģ˵Ҫһٵأ·ᾭվͽԭ򣬴Ӧǻֱӷ䵽ۡĪӵ
ҵǼȻ¶ûΣգǾͱô󽭳ǮôȥȥҾ¶Ҫŵ㣬ҲóԵˣӷּԺûҷӪţɲг¶ˣҪҷݹʲôǿ
ĪӵСɻ˵Ϊʲô󽭱Ҹ綼ΪɶûţҲĥ˰죬󽭾ǳԲ˿࣬ȻҲǷӦҿˣҾԳԿǺ¶Ҫܾʹ˸ˣԺȥҷӪĹӣʲôǿ𣿡
ĪҪݹͣǵ⻰˵ĪᷴǵʱǸ鷳ԸɴԼϣ
ĪСĪ˭ôûǵġ
Īͷӣ⻰˵ĿȥˣܿɲǳԲݿǰޣô죿ԼѡڿɲͳԿˣģȥȻûΣգúֻȷܷ𣿡
Ҹ˵ͱٸ˵ˡҲǣĪƳԼһۣ˵֪Ӻء
һ˸ܵľٶ˵϶˵
ĪѹҸıˣıҪеĻտ£Ҫûֵߣæô󽭷ֵ¶ӦǲˣҪ¶ˣǾû취ˣ
ĪͷУǾô˵ˡ
ĪƷһҲͦģĪӲһ㣺үү¶֪ͺãҲ˵ˣѹ۾ˣҸо󿿵ס
ˣ龫үү֪˼֪ˣĪĺõЦǽչĵһЦݡ
ĪĪں˱ڣĪ˵˻ĪںҲ˵ˣһˣ»Լȥǵֵܵģǵģв
ҪĪ˵ĪںǶĪҲҲȥĪ󽭺úõһ٣ĪǱһ˵ĪҲ֪ȻĪ˵ЩţĪںӻģʱͲ֪ôˣֱǹ˵˵
Ī߿ΪĪ󽭻һߵ
ĪҪúܶ࣬Ҳ⡣
˷ٻȥɣɶ¶ҲһʱôĪӵ
ĪƷɸĪСҲţǰүү
ü㣬ʣҲЦţŮⷨǺãϪŪһ۶һЩż㾭ܸסˣˮﻹǷʲôֻÿ￴һ¾ͺãżе㾪ϲ
ģҾ³ˣĪĶˡ



һ Թ
ּ֮ľһԹٸСƣôĪӼүӿҲͦˡ
аҺȵ㣡Ī˵ĵͷ
ôģоͦóԵģĪûԲϰߣľǵµ֭
ʵģϽͣٽȥģִһģĽ
Ī;֭跹ܳһ룬ˣ
ץ㻹Сͷ͸˸ͷ϶ˣúˣ
ţôȷʵǺóԣҾ֭跹ܳϴһ룡Īرϲˡ
ԾͶԵ㣬»ץ㣬ҽԣĪЦš
ҲϳԵ㣬׷Ȼƽһˡ
ǵˣͷɩҲôĪЦǺǵģӹúãġ
Ա˷ĪֺǺǵĻƻȥĪںɫûôѿˡ
ҵģʲô¶Сʡ
˵ˣξͲҪǰǮˣȻȥȥԳԿ࣡Īں黹ͦá
ܺݵģСЩţĪںӾ֪û˵ˡ
Сϵղǲȥˣǲ˵ʲôˣ
пܣû뵽϶ҲǸʵģĪںǮʲôã
ǰҲ룬ҪǸʵģǷܸΪɶȥǼҲ䷹Ǽˣô϶ɣСϲмĵ
ĪںȻһ϶ǷǮǵ𣿣
Ӧǣ˵ڼȻסˣ棬ȥһ˵棡Ӧòɣ
Īںˡ
ҵģ˵ôôĴϼҴڵ䷹ҲȥҸĹҲܹܣĲ㣿Сϲˡ
ôܣûҲ𣿿ǸƤģ㿴ҳǮ˵ɶҲҲôĪںǼҵķûҳǮˣҲ𣿿ǸûƤûģ˵ô죿
취Сϵôвˣ
ҲˣҲҵܣĪں
ȥ϶ҿ϶ڱܶ࣬˵Ҳ֪ȥ˵ʲôˣ͸⣬˵˶٣զ˵ģˣǰҲǶѣҲ˭ģᡢϻ˪Ҫ浱ǮϵģСϱԹ
ƫģǸԵõģԳˣСԹ
ˣô໰ҵô꣬ԵõôˣûԺõģĪںԹȴӲӵ˵
Ҷ໰զﻰٵ㣿ھ帣أٲģЩеûʲôԼ¶ǰɣСһ㶼ĵ
ĪںҲˣ۾һɡҵզ帣ˣΪҲ֪Ǽҵĵ˭ֵģҵѵֵģôӸҳԿǰɣ
һĪںˣСήˣֻǸ첲գⲻǮ𣿡
ˣ˵䣡ĪںԼأ
СϲñԹ˾ͲԹѵСĻܱԹˣ
ҵģȥ϶˵˵ɣô£ܲʲô취˵ԽԽˣʱ䷹ˣ㶼øжвţСϵѵô㣿
ˣˣȥߣϹ߶߶žͷĪںĵĪҲǺˣղүӣүô˵ʲô¶
磬ôˣĪæţ˵ãˣҡӾˣô󺰣
϶ûϢأĪںЦЦ
ûأĪæ
Īںɨһ谵Ժӣпĵ϶˵ֵ˾ϢˣԺӽľɣȴǿˣ
磬˵ﻰⶼǽǮǵģҲǲ֪ҪռľһˣҲ²ôľĸⷿӣҵʱⱲҲûʲôͣҲֻǮôһأĪӵ
һծ֪ôأĪӿЦš
Īں⻰˵ʵġ϶ôܸⷿۿһùܸˣ
лл磡ĪЦЦ⻰Ͳ֪ôˣ˼Ҷϻοˡ
СأĪںת˻⣬ĪûӣҲЩΡ
أĪӵ


һ ơ
ּ֮ľһ¡ơŶСһ𣿡Īںʡ
ĪӵǣСǼӶأ
ҲΣĪں
ɣ磬ĪӰѿĵƵĪں
϶ҽ;ر죡ĪںЦš
࣡ĪӦĪںʲô
󲮣ĪƷͳ˿
Сɰø󲮿ĺòãĪں
ĪƷɻԼĹù󲮣дĲã
ǲˣָͦģ̵İɣĪںʡ
ţǰ󲮣ˮĪƷɸĪں˱ˮС̣
ţãĪںź롣
ͨѣĪں˵⣬ʵĪںʹ˵ģɺĪƷɽĪں;⻰ĪƷɵ˵ãƫƫĪƷɲʶడһƨ¾ͲˣĪںĪƷȥʲôĪƷɶŲλãۿҲˣĪںô죿
Īں϶ղŵ˵ʲôˣΪʲôȥ͸ˣǲ֪ԽԽˣҼңһֵͨģ˵ʲôҼȣ˵ǷզҪأвң˵֣
˵ƽǶϼҴڵֳֺȣҲˣܹǵģܲڿĶɣԽԽˣ컹вţƫƫ˵ʲôҲף϶⵱ģడ
⣬ܹɣ쵹Ҳˣ˵ŽһۣҲȷʵͦģĪӻǸˣûԹ࣬ŵҲпܵġ
϶Ǹɵģ˵ɶɶۿû˭֪ôģƾɶУͲУĪں߿һû˵費أвˣã˵ʵҲҵܵܣҪԣҲģҲǸŹǲǣ
ĪƷ︹̣е˲ǲ벻ȥûǮ۷Ѱ
磬ҲƢûɶӣϲ˵϶Ǹмģզ˵ҲǴ磬ֵĪ˵
Īں⻰̲סһ˰ɣҳˣҿɲָж϶ͺ۸ģˣŵֵأ
ĪƷɲ̣Ҳûţ
ĪõĵʵҲûôأҲ֪
ˣˣҸ˵˰Īںڰ֣ʵ϶㵽׸˵ɶˣΪɶ͸ˡ
Ҳû˵ɶҾ;ֺеҲУòǷȥԳԿ࣬˵˾һЩĪӺЦš
ɲôĪںҲô˵ģȴҲֵ꣡
ǲܹô˵ͬˣĩ˻˵ͷҪҷӪ˵ֵͦ׵ģ鷳㣡ĪҲѧˣĻԡ
ĪƷɺοʹĪΪ˱ˡ
ģô˵ĪںЩţž̹һЩ
ĪƷɾͲ廰ˣ󲮣ҵүүô˵ġүүʵǲ˵׵ϣǶܹúһЩʲôүү֪ܲŴүүҲ۵ģղǼҳԷʱ򶼸˵ˡ
ղүĪҶԷ˵ˣǽžⱧԹĪں䣬Լˣûã˵ûҲﲻʲô˵һڴ󷿵顣
ʱĪӾһοǷӵ¶˵¶ŰүӺÿˡ
ĪƷȰүӣж̫︣ˣԺ͵ǵĸɣ
˵㲻ףҪǣҪ壬УĪСҲĽӻ
ĪСʵվһˣ߽
ҪֻĪһ˵ĪںţĪƷɸĪСٶô˵ˣǾûˣĪں̹ˣʵҲǹֵܾԣɵƫΪ֪ҵĿأ
󲮣үүʵͦģȻҲǼ˵ЩүүǲҪ˵ȥ͵֪¶ˣĪСٻĵ
Ǻǣģ󲮿϶ǣĪںЦǺǵġ
󲮣ʵҾðɣҵܸͣܲҷݹҲ֪ҵտ壬˭ʶտҲȥسǣҵʶ˶ûУղүүҲе˼ҵæɰҵˡʵҪ˵үүɶõ˵ˣҲʡòᡣĪƷֵ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ塰ǰ󲮣ҾԸæҲĺãĪС˲붮ĪƷˣ˵ôȻô˵үүãΪɶǿأ
ǰɣүүղô˵𣿡ĪƷʱչЩĪӡ
ĪѵһܷȻǲˣҪԲѣ
ĪӾ͵ǰʵǵ춹ġ磬ҪʶʲôˣȻͰңҾõ˵ҲûȥģеġҪǸ˷ӪôŵǵܸµҲĺãҾʵҲǺõģҲûģ
԰󲮣ҵͦæģֲʶ˭ôιһݹ˵϶ѣҪзӪҾҲйˣæɻأĪƷű߹ġ
ĪСҲҪǴܸˣүүˣָԴôأ
˵һƵЧǲģĪںĿֱӾʹӦ˰ҷݹĪ󽭽⡣
ʵĪںҲȫǱƵģֱ˷䣬׵ģҷݹ˵ȷʵǼ£ˣҲ
һүͻӶ⣡Ҳ֪͸ֱӶˣãԼ˳ֵΣʱ˭佱
Īں治
ĪںˣĪӲָӡǰ
զˣĪƷװɵ
ǰĪε˵һ䡰Ҳˣһˡ
磬㼤飬оţĪСٳĪƷĴָ
ĪƷҲһϡóϣСҲ
磬磬ЦʲôôģĪСܸոհдͼֵЦúܻ
ûɶĪƷĪСܵԴӡд˾ȥϴϴ˯ȥɽ
ãǴһϴĪСܵ
磬ҲҪϴҲҪɽĪʫӨܹסĪƷɵĴȡ
ãʱһɽ㲻ܣҪˤˣɲȥˣĪƷɵ
ʫӨܣĪʫӨġ
磬ҲȥĪСҲĪƷɡ
дд𣿡ĪƷɺЦʵǲ˵Ҳǵġ
дˣ磬һдһţĪСġ
С翴ĪƷȥܵǼ飬ȷʵдˣĪʫӨܵдЩʲݣĪƷġ
ڶĪķĪں̬ȷǳãֹĺã֮ǰҪãģһͷҷӪôεȥ
ĪͲµҲǶ˵ʲôĪҲû˵ɶֻǵͷˣͷúлл㣡
࣬࣡Īں
߰ɣĪƷɵ
СɣզŸñӣڲȰĪ
ĪƷɰĪһۡҲ̫߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
ҪˣĪƷɵ
ҶʹˣһͬѧԻɲܿҪڣϹڣҪжģĪƷûɽҪΪ塣
֮ǰĪڵͲУⲻŷż٣ֺãһ˾һ塣
ܷʵܹǸУĪƷɵȻûṩκΰһȦûҵﶯģʺǷֲ١
ĪƷɻ˰ţĪʫӨĪСָطӦ
Īӿ˶ⲻǺ
Ҳţ£
Сɣ᲻̫ˣʵɽСûɶޣǰȫȻס߶ɾΣˣĪӵֻĪƷָڵĿӣִ滹ǩӣһģžˡ
Էһɽǲ󣬵ҲСôһƬأСɽǱߴɽأֻһӣĪҴãкţҲ͹
ڰɣ˿϶ţǵʱϲ弸ٰ֦㲼ͷ˶֪壡ĪƷɵ
ĪСĪƷɵִź˽⣬˰ѺǸϽڰɣ꣬꣡
ӣӸŻԶҲ֪ҰβΣĪӿͦεģӸϣϲ֦ҪǻȥҲûˡ
ĪӾӦòᣬҲͦƫƧġ
ˣ߰ɣջ֪ɺûĪ˵
ãĪƷҲ˰Ѻȡ


һһ ǿѹ
ּ֮ľһһǿѹ£ҪĪƷϲͷƵĹӡ
СɣҪĸɶ᲻ģɲóԣĪƵĵ
ժɣҪĪƷҲ˵ҪʲôǰӲ裬ûӣſ϶зˣʷۣðɰʣʱһƬĿθ
磬õĪСٵֻĪСһӸţľȥһժ˺öֻ࣬ʣˢˢµ
ĪƷɼ߰˸æˣˣͷժɣ
磬ûµģժ㣬ⶫҲûҪĪСٵ
ĪӵСɰҪĶⶫиԣһȥĿˮ
ⲻˣǶԷⶫģʺϿθĪƷɵȥȣʲôģӵȥζر
ˣժôˣĪƷɺ
Сɣǹˣժ˺ö࣬㿴ðѱ¨¡
ĪʫӨܹ磬ʫӨҲаæժ˺ö࣡
磬磬Ҳæˣ㿴ժģĪСҲĵ
ã֪ˣʫӨСԣĪƷСԴӣȻ˿Ӧù˰ɣСܣժˣˣˣȥɹɹǾͿԺȾջˣ
ۣ֪𣿡ĪƷʣоջ뵽˷ۣ۾ջ˵ˣڻ˸ʣ
ﲻ֪ȥѣ֪˭ͦģһüʮأСҪ𣿡Щɡ
ҪĪƷɺܹϣȻҡõ䣺Ұɣ
粻ô˻ĪСܸĪСǸµģûЦ磬ĪСȴɴ۾Ȼ
ĪƷֱҧĪСĪƷ˲䱬죡
磬㺰ɶ¶ĪСɵɵġ
ĪƷûƢֺݺݵĪСԴһ£ˡ
ĪСתͷĪС٣磬ΪɶңĪСģί
ĪСЦ㿪ЦأΪղ˵Ļܻϲ
𣿡ĪСɡ
û磡ĪСٿ϶ĵͷ
ĪСҲͷĪСˣҲǵģϲϲң۵ģ
̫ˣĪСٸĪСͷ
þ￴żӿӽ㣬̲סЦǰͷǴ粻ʰǣղĪƷĶˣҪû¾ͻؼҸĪƷз
ĪʧЦǾ͵ƤɣС֪ˣͷʰǣ
Ī˵Ҳ֣ΪɶֻһĪƷɼ̳ɵĴأڷҲԽԽˣˣڼҾȻҪĪƷҪˡ
㲻˵û֪㲻ǰɣĪСپĵ
ģܣĪЦ
صҲȷʵǲˣÿһʱ䣬ɴˣҲԲȥ
ҾǻͷȻھ죬ʱˣĪƷɵ
ȴֵòɿΪʲôһҪȥۣ綼ӦҽǮȰҳˣ
Īֻ춼ˡ
Ҳȥǻ˵ģҸ˵˵ǮҰɣԺ϶ģĪ󽭵
ĪҲ֪ˣƵǮˣڲԵ࣬ȵԺզ죿㿿˭ȥԳλᣬȥԳԿޣ綼˵ˣֻҪʵʵȥۣͰһݹԼɣҪèģҷӪӣ
Ҵô𣿵ҴƣҴҪôģôҷݹడ˵ģĪ󽭿޲ҡ
󽭣Ҫŵأξʵʵȥۣ˵ҷݹͲƭҪ粻ңүү̶һݹҪǲģԺ㰮զզҲˣĪǿѹ
Ҫȥǻĺۣ˵ģĪ֪ĪľѸ⡣
ˣİɣˣ۲ΣգĪҪΣգȥ𣿵ҪӹǲУ޲ȥԿࡣֻǴ󽭰û취㿿һӣԺҪ磬θַˣԺأЩС㶼ַܸҪ˴£㻹ĸȥԳ绹û⣬ʵʵҲǸõܵܣԺиɶ¶ǰҲø첻ǣ



һһһ Сӣ
ּ֮ľһһһ°СӣĪ˵ĳ
ĪȻΪȻ֪ĪǱмʶҲȷʵҪ󻬼ҪĪҲˣǿ϶ò˺á
ĪĲ鲻ԸĵҪȥҲȥҴ粻Ҳܸҷݹ𣿡
УҪȥҪǮǮֳ֪ǾָʶˣԼûҹ𣿡Īʵ
ԼúɣˣղŴ峤ʱѾҲȥˣĪ
ĪԴ󾪡
զԼǰɣȥǲȥȥȥ峤㷴ڣɲǮԺҲңҪȥˣ绹Ǻֵܣɶ¶Ҳ˵һ£Ī
ȥȥ𣿡Ī󽭱ĵ
զˣСɸүүˮĪӺ
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ţС˵ȣժջɹջ裬ҲĪ˵
ͦõġӣͤԺҲȣĪͤϣһ
Ҫȣ⾮ˮɱˣϴϴ֣죡ĪӸһˮĪͷ󺹵ӣ
УĪϴϴ֣ûסĨһѣˣˮ̹
ӣǲˣĪʡ
ǰǸ鷳ɣĪЩ
Ī֪ûУĲĪ̲סЦҲͦõģȷʵǱͣʡ÷Ѿˣ
ʵҲˣĪӰο
ţͲģĪͷȥǶסϵ¡
үүĪƷɵ
ɶĪĿűﻹһƬһȦƵģ涼͸һڣеᣬҲе𣺡ͦúȵģ
үүĸӣɽʱ򿴵ģһ뵽ᾢͿˮģҪǼӵǣǲǸǺ«ƵģģĪƷɵˣ»ذҴˮշˣͷžȥŪñģȵһŽˬ죡
ԣãɶʱŪˣүүȣĪͬ⾮Ūˣɶˣ죡
ǰС˵ҪŪʱһأĪЦţʵ⾮Ҳ˲ǮһҪǰ໨Ǯϡ
СǸģû˵ҲСֵģǻûɶãҴ;ñˣĪ
ͱٿСˣ㶼û⺢ӶˣĪ̲סЦĪƷǵ
ĪЦţզˣþӦÿ䣡
үүһɣﶼˣķݶأҪǲԵĻһݶɾˣĪƷɵ
߰ɣҲûɶóԵģʹպһ£Īӵ
պɶԻܲˣĪȻˣ˵ԭҲûɶθڵģǱˮԺоθˣ
үүҪϲͷŪۣҪûðˣһȥԷҪûθڣͼһƬݰ׿ˮȣ׼θĪƷЦš
ãүү͵ĸˣĪԼģТ˳Էĳģ͵ԲóԵĶѣž̹
ȣҲûرʢҲûʲôθڣԾˮ棬ӵ˸ˣͳر㣬Ҳθ
ҲĪƷɸĪСٽڼңԽõǰ棬һȻײ˵㣬һǳԵͷȥˡ
Ī룬һǳ棬һĺ
үүһ룬ﻹأĪƷɳһ룬Ҫȥʢһ룬Ī룬ʵ
ˣүүԱˣСǵڼĪʵ
ĪƷЩ˼ǵ룡
ðܳǸСڳˣĪ̾ĵʵţҺ϶ˣȻǰСӳӣ
ĪƷɺҲû취ٵ㣬ĶأԱˣֽû
ĪƷԼ֪Լ£ǸŮӣȻô࣬Ķˣɲ˵
ǰҲͦõģĪЦţҲ룬ȻҲôɨһȦˣ⣬Ҳ֪ΪĪƷɽ̵ɶ̫ԭ򣬻ȵԭ򣬴϶˵ģǿ϶еġ



һһ ӡˢ
ּ֮ľһһӡˢ˯ɣпͷȻȥС˯Ҳ죡Ī
ĪͦĶģҡͷˣ´лɣ̫ȥᵣĵģ
磬Ī鷿ﳭ飬ĪƷΣĪƷĪһ䣺ڳʲôôһһģĪÿΣĪҲ鷿д֡
־˱ʴ⣬ϰ嶨־ټգǧģǵϰ˵Ҫʮ־ʮټգжʮǧģԼ̶ϸʮĪ鲻˵
ʮô㳭ˣĪƷתת뵽һӡˢ
־Ѿдˣ쿪ʼǧģĪӴ
Ҫʲôʱ򰡣һý飬벻ĪƷʡ
ʲô飿ĪӹȻΪֻҪĪƷɾǺýģʵ֤
㿴ô飬öһҲһһдѾҵĽǣдľϣ˵̳ȻֱӾīˮͿĨȻӡȥôĪƷɵ
⣬𣿡ĪӵźͦõģֻҪأҪǲУͷ˻ƿɲУ
ˣ԰ɣеĻҲ԰ֲÿǮҵ׼ûǾһ¡ĪƷɵµԭһģֻǰѿ»ľͷӡ໻īˮ룬ǲ
ҪǮɣĪʡ
Ǯɶô룬̺˵ľöأǲǣʱֻҪЩģЩɶͨ飬ͿôʱһֺֿãɱˣĪƷɹĶ
ҲǺ⣬ǾôɣĪСҲ֧֣Ҫûգô˵ģ
УǵȥҸľģĪĪƷ˵ҲǼȵġ
ʲôȥ߶߻Ҫȥˣ·ҲҪʼ׼ӼĺӸͷܵĿ죬ЬҲÿ죡
Сɸ˸飬ҪҸľĪӵ
ҪұˣֶԴʢͻľҪ𣿡ڵ
ԣԣԴʢľţȥĪЩ
ȵȻĪñӣְĪƷɸղŷھˮĪװһͲ·ϺȣСŵ㣬Ҫ̫ˣضŵ㣡
УĪ˵
Ȼæ׷ȥȥʣСۣ֪֪˭ģ
ã֪ˣĪӴǵţʵļвеģڴһˡ
ֻĪȥõԺ󣬾ͱһͷˮԴʢûڣĪǿ񣬸ԴʢϱԼ
ȻȥС˵۵¶СɵȵȣƽӼһûУ
ǿĪӣզˣôģҲˣ
ĪЦţû¶ҾеԴʢԴʢڣ
ɶ¶Ҫľ𣿡ǿʡ
Īӵͷǰ˵ԴʢľҾ㶫
ˣӣɣ㶼߰ɣСɷĽˡ
ãлл۶ǮĪʵ
ǮСɰڰ֡
ĪһԼڣһߵˣһһ롭
˵ˣŰɣ㶫ֵɶСɰڰ֡
ĪʵҲͦεģֻܺⶫˣţͷŮŪǷĸӵʱŮŪ㣬
ǾллˣĪӺ
ɶСɵ
ǿˣˣҪû¾ȥɣȻԼգСʢ˹ȥȥ
ǱҲûɶ˵ɣĪӵ
Ҳ͵ôĹĪӳ˴ڣָôŪأ˺Сø
ĪӶһⷽŨü˸ģɲҵ
ԴʢĪЩϲ
СøҪȥôߣԴʢ
ˣԴʢøе¶е֪᲻᣿Īӵ
ɶ˵˵Դʢʡ
ĪӾͰĪƷɵ뷨ϸϸ˵һ£øдľϣøֿ̳ӡɣӡµģֻǴģҪľҲҪҪ࣡
ø¶򵥣һᣬҪ٣ͷģдҸԴʢģҲУҪģҪ񣿡Դʢʡ


һһ 
ּ֮ľһһ¶ۡҲһŪȻ͸ӡ²ɣôľҪе࣬Ҫռ㣬ȻҿұˣĪӵ
Īӱ˱ȴСԴʢ룺ôҲУֻСøҪʲôΪľͦģ
ġĪϸϸ˵ԼҪ
ԴʢҲһҪôģҲƴСøҿɣҴľȥֳȻԿܲУ
ããǻ᲻̫鷳ˣĪӲ˼ĵ
ԴʢЦţ᣿Ҿǳ뷹ģ
Сø˷ٻȥɣʱȥԴʢˡ
ˣһȥԣСûڼأĪӾܾ
ĪӻصҶܹ⣬ĪӰѷ۵ݸĪƷɣСɣѸģûҪǮ
զûǮأۺܹ󣡡ĪƷɵ
żˣҪǴǮܸһ£ûǮүҰĪѵ˵Цһ䡣
ĪƷǿԸЦǻпܣ
ٰҶȥժЩĸӣȣҿ϶ûɶθڣʱһЩǻ͵ˣĪƷɵ
ţԸտһЩȥտ壬ɶҲûЩ˼ˣĪӶ˵
ĪƷɾĿĪӣһֱǸĴڣ
ɶ˼Īʡ
ɶģȻܽտôõѣУҸտŪһޣָտտأĶͲһͻǿԵġ
⺢ӣȤأǲĪĪƷԴһ¡
ĪƷɷϣûǿأ
㣿ɶˣĪӵۣ㵱ɵѽ
ĪƷƤһ䣺ǿɵɵأ˵꣬ĪƷɾԶˡ
ڱϱЦͨ죬ЦĪҪĪƷĲţּεĵЦЦɣΪҲЦ⺢ӣƤ
þá
ֹˣҲ˵£˵ԴʢĪƷĪ˵һԼ뷨ЩֽŶûأȰֽŲúˣȻöľӣʱֽȫ棬Ȼ̺õӡȥӡһȡһţһλöһ
뷨ã뷨ãĪͷ
ôҪٿǾͶ뼸ַ򵥵ľһ£ֱдľϣȻö̺ãëԣҪеĻԺòմī֭Ĩӡ졣ĪƷִеĿ֣ʵ֪Ĳ֪࣬һӡˢ֪Ļӡˢֻһŵ˼
ڶ죬ĪƷɾ͸ĪСٱȥѧá
ϻؼҵʱĪƷɾ͸ĪСһżӣĪƷû̫ģȻ˵Էźܾãϱ¶ڿҲãСӸոպãһһ£Ҫһӣỵɾ
磬˵ôˣĪСʡ
֪ǿؼҿ֪ˣĪƷɵҲܹ⡣
һңͷĪЦģզ
Īû˵ǵݸĪƷһֽ㿴զ
ӡ𣿡ĪƷЦ԰
ö籣𣿡ĪƷɺܹ⣬˽ҲֻȹԼңٹűˣҪȱǮˣȻԥİȥڵĻˣ
ĪЦģ˵ˣִ֪磬绹Ҫ
ЩҪźˣȻͷҪǻЩҪģͲ÷ˡʵи뷨ҪǷĻÿñ˵㣬Ȼȥسǣƹ飿ЩȻóȥĪƷɵ
ⲻ˵ͷϵҪ𣿡Īʡ
ҾǿԵģҪǴˣǾȥͳһһ۸ҪǵûôǾͰԭļ۸񣡡ĪƷɵ
ⶨأĪʡ
ԼֽǮеЩǮɣһε̵Ǯ㣬īˮֽţ㿴ӯҪеĻͷǾͰɣֽŵĳɱīˮĳɱǮˡĪƷɽ顣
⣬᲻̫ˣҪ֪һֽʮģһŵĻԲóʮֽ־־һˡ
۸һ㶼ߣ룬ʱȥƹ㣬·ѳѻʳأѵأҲ취Ҫǻ˱ˣҲ𣿡ĪƷɵ



һһ ̱
ּ֮ľһһ̱ꡰҵ˼ҲȻͷҪǱ֪ˣһҲ׬ʲôǮˡĪƷԽ˵Խ˼·ӵˡ
һ־ǮīһӣǮ
־ֵֽӱīǮǼҪʮǮǰ㷨ǶʮǮĪƷɿǶˣг۲԰
ĪƷŽΪռȻȥҪǼ۸̫ˣҲû٣ĪƷ˵ģ·ѻʳѷѵǮ
ҪҪһ£־Ǯﳭһ𣿡ĪƷɾԼ뷨˼·ݸĪӡ֮뽵ۣߵľռȻǵıǺģ˷ǮķӣٰѼ۸ռһȻȵⷽôˣǮҲ׬ˡ
֪ˣȥسʡĪ˵ţȻЩɵĵɲտЩ˽ӣЩĻǲҲṩ˽ӣ־ЩǲҪĻʲôҲӡ
ĪƷɾĿĪӣʿյĿû뵽С
ĪƷɼһĴȡãտǹ˽ӵģԸտ¶ǼûţҾÿ԰ﲮҲϣһͰտ廹ﲮһ˵˵ûʲô뷨տ壬ǹܽģ˽ӿ϶ҪӣҲģЩľС
ﲮʶ㣬˵бǸõأĪƷɵ
ĪһЦ⻹ǵһγⱻŮô϶ĪرãͷУҸտ壬ﲮ˵˵
ֻСɣܸտһ𣿻᲻̫Сˣտı󿴲ϣֲȱǵǮ
СҪôˣҪֻһȻСˣҪһǧһأСǴ󣿡ĪƷɵôĸǣ˾жٵݸжأ㣿Ҫ󲻴󣿵Ȼˣ϶ǲܵģҪܰҲѲ˼ǮľͶǵˡ
һҪסˣΪǵĴ£ӡʱǣĪƷɽƷЧӦ
ɶǣĪӶҲ
˼һⱾ飬һ֪ŶԭǳģĪƷɵ
ĪӲ˼ЦЦ۲Ǯ𣿡
ǲһǮǮҲһҵû밡ĪƷɿʼǰ̱꣬ЦڲʱĪƷһ㶼ûнõĲ˼
ĪƷɻûЩΪĪƷɾ̱겻ҪüǻҪԢ⣬һҪڵ˼Ҳ
ĪƷɻ뵽ˣִкܶͼ֣ǼͼĪƷɼǵúǰиӥͼŵЩֻͦ˼ģͼˣû뵽ϣ
ĪƷﲻָлԼˣûǣҲָȤԱ˳ŵȥо
ôĪƷɰд
һֻӥĪӵ
ٿĪƷɵ
ӥ裡ĪСָŻӥ
Īһǣôģ̫ˣСɣĪЩŮôôЩϧкӣ
ǵģֲģҲ֪զģԭǸ׺үүģΪ˼ҾͼˣԵҾÿöÿľ϶߾ͿһȻǰľǿϣȻӡȥĪƷɽ
ãããĪûĪƷɵƷ˼ǲֵͣ
СɣͷֵǮĪӸпš
ǰĪƷ۽ǳ˳顣
һҾý׵ĶҲôʱѼ۸˻Ǻܶ࣡ĪƷ뵽
Ī꣬ĪƷɾͼķˣĪҪȥĻôȥտıʡĪ²ȥұˣҲҪάġ
ĪСټӣöĪӻֻ߻˼С
ĪƷɵףĪЩˣһĪӾȥԴʢ˵Ȳùȥˣϻ˵ĪҲԴʢ΢˵һĪƷɵ˼ǼӸӥӡǣԴʢôŪȽϺãŪڿǶȥֱӿϣԴʢоһ¡


һһ
ּ֮ľһһ¡ӣܵôҪ𣿡ʵ
ҪģѾ˵ˣĪӿ˿̯ϵ⣬ơ磬и⣬㻹ıһܲ󣬾ǲ֪ӲȻĪƷ˵컨׹ģĪȴǾһж⣬ǣĪʵûף
Ϊֲһʵ֮ǰӡˢʱҲ˺ܶѣʱŪ̵ʱΪûо飬̶ַȻˣĪƷҲҲʲôѵ飬ĪӸԴʢһӲо˳ǶѼѡ
ŪԺĪӸԴʢĳɾ͸Ҳġ
ƶܸĪӻտıϹϵ֮أҲ̰ĵˣǺĵʲô⣿ƴΪĪǲ˼ԼһԼ˼ˣ
ĪҲû룬͵пҪеĻȻسһˣ·˵
УȵȣȽи̯û
ţ·ϣƲʡɶ⣬զأ
ĪӾͰĪƷɵ˵ˣƾˡ⣬Ҫô˵ٶȿɲǿһӰҲմǳģɶҲﲻæ̫ռˣƿɱĪ۹ˡ
磬˵ģ¶϶æĵط룬Ҹı˶⣬ɲҪռɶˣĪ֪ôˡ
룬Ҳˬ조УȻҾͲˡٰ뷨ʲôĶ˵˵ܲܲɶ
տı˵ңһ;ˡӣǿ
ĪЩļıȲˣпҪеĻǳȥ̸̸е¶㣡
ɶ¶տıɫЩˣĪô֣µġ
Īû֣Ʒտıˣæտ££
տıûĵĪһۣǵһ£ȥϷ٣
ʲôô𼱻ǵģտı
ġĪûտıİտı˵һ飬տʼտıĵģտıֱӡ
Ī󲻺˼ĵǲ֪㿴⣡
ϣզˣտıҲĪмʶаĪһۡ㲻ң
ĶҪǲ㣬Ҳܸ˵ǣĪЦšˣҼСķĸӣҪûθڣһƬ׿ȣͦθġ㿴ⲻкö𣿡
ģտıɫȻſʼ
ϵ࣬տıֱӾͶڸǼˣĪӶˡ
տıĪùֺ̱ܸȤʶȻе⣬ȴʶľ;Ǹ⣡
һտı󶼾ܣļƻ飬嶼ˣտıҲֻܲտıûȥд֣ĪӵҲ
Ҫտү϶ᴷضľôʧһĺûᣬտıʹ֪Ҳ⣬ҲĪӵôͦõģ
ڶ죬տıˣһȥ˸ǣΪⷽƱȽ϶ƿȥһ⣬ôãĪҪд֣Ȼ̳Щá
Īҵĵط󣬴һأڿͷҲû֪ʲô
Դʢһ߼ۣȻǲܰ¶˵ȥҪܣҪԴʢѵֵķ涼ˣô棬ôõȵȣˣӡˢҲҪǷʵ飬ѴﵽõЧ
ܿ켸ʱȥˣĪߵ־ȵȵĸѾˣЩȿӡõģΪĪҲӦ˼ң۸ͰԭĶˣµĶۻû
ΪʱֱܣǿүҲйæˣүһɴԴʢŴүӵģүӵϹҲ԰ŴֻǿԵģ߰ӡˢоռиڰģҲǿĵӣǸ͵ׯںѼС
ĪҶļѼֳǾָҲһЩľһ㣻æõġ
󣬶ЩȴǰﲻæģΨһľЩóԵļˡ
ĪӼ˽ģô᲻أΪֹˣоռҲռ˰ɣ
ϵֹĪסˣĪǰԽĺڣԶϲộһ뵷ңֱѹ

һһ Ϲ
ּ֮ľһһ¸ϹĪԼһĪӼʲôûʲôҪæġ
ȻĪҲץ˿ʵĪҶģǶһˣܱεˣƷҲǹȥġ
ҪӡˢֱֽӴس򣬼۸ֱӱһ룬ĪҵĿͷȫˣһרŰڷŹߣһרŷЩֽţһӡõ顣
ĪСܱ֮࣬ҲҪæĥīЩ¶ĪСĪʫӨҲᣬСһҲͦԵģûңҲæĥĥ
˵ַõ̵ģĪдԺǿֻҪīСĲʣµıϵľͱȽϺŪˣڱȽϾϸ̱Դʢ
̱ҲһһʱѧģҵȷʵǱȽ鷳ֱŪһ֮еֶ̳Ҫ
ڼĪƷɻһҪ󣬾ǲõִĲõĪƷǼģԸԴʢһ˵Īȥһѿװ˿ĵԴʢװá
õȷʵǺãֽŴСһûëߣԵù⻬ޱȣоһΡ
æȻ죬ǱҲûţտıƽܸүүְһһ£үүʹӦˡ
ȻƸտıտүүĽ£ոӶ˼ۣ־ЩɵģһʮǮĲڰǮЩȽϺģһʮģİٱϵĲڶʮģٺһЩľʮģڶʮġ
Ҳ̰ģֻӡˢѧԼ徭Щõ飬ûӡȻˣӡЩҲȽϷѹ˲࣬ȻʲôǮˡ
˸ߵģµݿһȥܵģտҶҲӣǮҲһҪԭ򣬶һˡ
æ죬ڰѸǸݿˣͷ͸ĪǧĴ󶩵νǧɲָһ徭ÿһʵһÿٽѧѧֶٲμӿԵģտүүԼڸǵԺģԺõѧУˡ
ÿѧж٣Ȼ˽ӣѧж٣
ܰЩ̸ҲǷ˴ˣ˽Ӹտүүڸģݿһ뿿տҵһҲƵĹˡ
ɵҪ͸ˣҪǧ⻹ûݿأЩƻûأ
Ϊæ¶ӲһΪܽԼʱ䣬սȻġ
ʽʼʮ죬徭ȫϣΪ˼ӿٶȣԴʢҪٵ̳һͬġ
Ƶ뷨顢徭гܴԻ̸
ֻЩѾĪҶܳԽˣҲЪһЪ
ĪҶְĶԴæԴԭͷģԵ
ҪæͺˣйǮ
ȻְСɷ򣬸Ī׵Īķæ
ԭĪϴʱСϱ˶æģĪķǹĶӣСɷ򣬵͵ׯں
ÿ쿯ӡ鱾æòֺ
ĪƷɼҪֽҸΪˮҵǴҸʲôרŸʲô˵ǿˣ͸ΪרŸۡ
ʶֵ˰ãװϻϸӣǿ͸ۣôҲ֮أװ
æʮ죬ӷСչˣܵؾ㲻ãη꣬һֻ꣬ܰЩŲȥ
ĪӶԼķӽСˣʩչһֻһҪȥһ򣬻Ҫٽš
ǸտʼҵҲûа취顣
ĪƷɸĪСٷżٵʱҪæ˵ϸɻûеģڵ͵ơǵƣһСŪˣǻȫ
ʮ峿һ磺ƽ˰æһǧٱ徭ǧ౾ĲװЩҪ˵ȥġ
ʮţ¿ŰЩװˣһ˸峿Ǽݳȥ
ΪЩеطţĪԺˣŹռװЩ飻һȥ˸ǣҪٽһֽ
Ҫ˵Ļ٣ûʱԶֺأȻƾ͹ͱˣ·Ҳ˵ĸ˼˼˲࣬û취ʱӡ
˸ǣ춼ˣտҵ˰ŽӦ˵Ժȥţȥطܡ
ڶϣƾæˣ㣬ٱѧġˡ
϶Ƿĵģֻ֪Σʵ



һһ Ǯ
ּ֮ľһһǮ飡ƹֵ
ֳıۼ⣺ôһⳤҲ̫˰ɣһԱȣʵ̫ˣҪ֪ʹͬһд飬ּЩ΢𣬿ȫһģһ
ôģԷܺ档
ЦǸˣǳԷļһ
аɣܹһǰɣҲΪƣƱݸơ
Цţлл࣬٣ȸ裡
ˣããǮҲףͦģ
˰ɣҲûȲ裬ȲģЦţͦϡ
ԷûգҲǣտүӵأҲһεͷҪǱտү֪ˣԼǸģԲ˶ߣ
Ȼȥ˽ӣ۸࣬տҵĹϵûպôģҲǺģ͸ĸʽôˣ徭ľͶף˵ʵݡ
æЪɣĪƷɸĪӵ˸ë°ֽ
Сɣѧˣôô磿ĪӲ˲
ã춼ˣǻʣ¶ٻûĪƷʡ
ˣæͲˣڲˣ׹ߣСæٶֿ˲٣ĪӺ˿ˮ˵
ǼҵĵطҲ̫Сˣ֪⣬Ӧýһֿ⣬ⶼĪƷڵʵҲ˵һ˵Ҫֿ⣬ʦڵģʱҲ֪ĻΪʲôأ
ԼԺڣﶼ۷׷ˣҲ˵˵
ԺʳûŽȥȷŵȻȫչ
ĪҲͬɣҪǻͷҪٽ˵ģͷմȥͲֵǮˣ֪ܸɶأ
ˣ
ãĪ߳ȥ
磬ôˣҲǸ˵ٻҪ𣿡Īӵ
ҲǴϻģǸ˵Ӱ⼸سǵⶼ̸ˣһǧɱˣ⼸Ҳûš
УĪЩЦˣ磬˵ҸˣҲ̫ˣоܾöûЪϢˣ
ӣҪһǧæϢһ£ҺܵĵƳЩӣеĻЩæƵ⣬ȻǮҲˣҲЩ۵ˡ
ǻˣĵطʵڲĪӵ
ټּ֣ôǵؿһ飬ЪЪ㿴ôƵ
ﲮȥ̸ʱ򣬱̸̸ⰡǴҲôӡˢǾ߱ôĪƷæѵȻҪۣɱ
һԴӴ¶ˣ¶ͷȥ̸еĻƶ뵽취ˣǽֱȥ̯ӣԶľ˶ŵ㡣
Ҳ죬ﶼأԻʱ䣡
ʮơĪӡտıĪҶɣˣأ˱ѶˣǮһǶģ
徭ܹǧף־Щ鶨ȥһǧף˵徭һףһǧףƼĵԿ۳һ¸֧ͳȥģܹһǧһʮ
Īû˱˶ܼһǧоƵġ
տıǱȽȵסҲܸˣʵĵһʴǮоҲûɶٶİˣ
Īӵǰˡ
տıҲˣʵ˵ĺǹʲߣҪǵŸʵȨȻѧЩܸһ¹ϵҪܿ㣬Щ㣬߶·
ٶӣҲˣĻˣԼģ
տıǲӦףһ£
ģȥ¥Ƶ
ȥʲô¥Ǽңı֮ǰһֱҰȤ𣿻ͷðѷʰס죡ǰɽɹϾ̹ĪЦš
ЩǮĪе׶ˣҲ÷ȱǮˣٶԭûõľİٶˡ
УסˣҲûɿ죡տıһҲС
磬Ҳһס°ɣԺտıҲĪӺˣҲȷʵо˻
ҾˣﻹҪɱǷʱҿ䷹ǲǻԼժˣʱҴŹǼǴŹҰԣǸϴ֣иС٣ⲻϲǴŹǡ



һһ ѧ
ּ֮ľһһ¿ѧáУҾͲˡŹǣٴ㣬رóԣʲôӵģĪҲĵ
ǰҶˣ׼Ƶ
̫ˣӾͳԲˣǸҪкþõģĪӵ
˵ҲĪƷģⲻǺܾûĪƷһʱռеĲһӣһƳܻӭ
ѼӶˣĪƷɾ͵ųˣⲻоˮѼ˵лˡ
˵տıס죬þ˺óԵģ棬ţҿ϶µˣҲĪƷɵֱʣĪƷɲǻԻްüֻһ͸óˣ˵þˣĪƷ˵ԣ˵ͦˬڵģⲻʹˡ
ᣬĪƷɻ治ʲôգ֮Ի֪ЩҲǰȥԷʱż͸ĳʦôɵģ˵ӸˮѼΪǰĪֲˡ
ǰĺܶණܳѼӣֳѼһʮǮһֻҪ٣ˮѼŶǮ˲ģƫƫĪְرϲˮѼĪΪĪְȥѧˣĪƷɿˣ֪Ҫʲôȥôˡ
˵ĪǱߵϴͳʽˣĪСĪŵ洫
տıһ棬̲סĴָãȵҪĲˬͷҲϱô
տ壬ˬΪõľˮȵģҪͨˮûЧĪƷЦ˵
ѹأ˵ôôˬڣտıȻȻĪӵӣҾھĴˣ㿴ʱҪˣøˮϴֱ̫ˣ
ǰҲôõġ棬㲻֪ͨ׿ȵľûˮȵĺóԣĪӵ
ĪƷô˵еģȵģ⾮ˮһӽȥһ磬رľĪүڲõĶϲ⾢棬ҪĪүʹˣϳԣҪˡ
տıһڷˮˣԭΪԷʱĶôô䣬Ҿ;رóأ
տ壬ΪϵǱˮҲþˮȹģĪСٺЦĵ
տıͷԣˣСɣĸӻտϲˣϴ͵ǹѾˣ
أտ壬϶࣬ͷȥ޻ȥĪƷɵΪⶫܻӭɴѺɽǿϵʶժˣȻ˷ĸӣΪЩǻһ۲Źá
ĪƷһ˸꣬øĪСܰæԺЩŵؽ¶ȹͣȵˣ˶͸ỵˣҲ൱ڿԺȵ꿪
УտͲˣտı
Īӵɶѽ
û˵տı
˷ͤ첻ãз磬紵ǽˬ
տ壬ɱٺˮˣⶫȶӣܲˣĪƷɵ
տİɣտıΪĵ
ĪƷһҲͲ˵ˣתտıĪģ˵ϵ飬˵ĪƷˣĪӶ
ĪƷɺȻһʵտ壬˵㻹ѧãеѧöܵģֻһЩȽϴģʽѧùܣ
ô˵أһ㶼ҪȽϴģʽһЩѧùǹܣҲһЩƫƧطģƲѧãʹԼһϷӽ̵־ûбҪˣҪЩϣܵùҪѧòϱҲǲеġտı
ĪƷǸͷԽˣĪӵҺȻòƿԿһѧãǼߣ
ѧãĪЩ
ǰҿСܸСͦõ𣿻СԭҲ̵ģСѧʱӶ˵ĺãĪƷɵ
УУҲǽ̽ܵܣģ̺ý̻ҲȽνҽĺɣĪʶľ飬æ֣㣡
ɶеģҾСɵãǴӽһѧãһǽ̣ǽ̣һȺҲǽ̲ǣǸʲôһ𣿡տıȴܺá
Ҫ治УƼȥ͵ʱ˼¿տҵӶͬ⣬˼ͬˣ˵㻹µģտı



һһ 
ּ֮ľһһ¹¶治ɣҲ̣ؼѧҲ֪ܲҰ׽ɣҪÿ춼ǮҲνĪӵɲˣһСҪأ
ԶһЩտı顣
԰ⲻĪƷɵ
ĪЩΣıСɣ鲻ôģǶ֪ǮСɣīֽѧѣʡ㶼ҪʮӣͨũеѧѸˣһǱīֽأҲҪӣû˳𣬶Ҳһͺ
ĪƷȴҾ˵ȫ⣬īֽǹûɲûбͨķӣǸɣǽοţũҵĺ˵Щ֣ЩδһӵӰҲǺܴġҾԸɾͺã̽־ǧЩģǽ˵ĵԢĹ£츳ģҲУļҳȥѧöҲУ
Ȼأīֽʲôϵ㻹û˵ͨķأĪЩĶʶĵ
ĪƷЩˣ¥ˡ
ĪƷæص⣺԰Ҫ̵úЩ֣һЩ˵ĵһЩ򵥵ҾþͺܲˡȻĻʵûжҪ󣬻дϾˣǾǿһḷ̌ɳӣúɳϷϰһˣдֽϣëʵãϤԺ±ʣһͷѲʲôǮ𣿡
ãʵ̫ˣӣľСɵĽܺãԿǣտı
⣿ĻҲԣǺôշأҪ˵ڵͦеģҪĻ徭ӡˣܽӵҲһЩ±֮ģĪӵʱЩӡ
⴦Ҿõ˵һͦõģһӹһ꣬īֽҪԼûǮĿʳòֹ֣һӾͺãʵǲУҲ԰ǸɵɽǵҲС
ҿɴɣһһǮһӣҪأԴԼҵȼ۵Ķ֣İʦʲôľͲãǲǮûǮһĶԴ㿴ôĪƷɵ
ĪСҲҾͦõģȻʱĺӶû˹ܣҲϹܣɽҰģ
¶Ҫ峤˵һ£ܲԼĪСٵ
ô˵ҲͦõģֻǾ𣿵ʱҪûЦˣأܲúվΰɣĪĶˣֻǻǾء
ĪСٶĪżǿôɶȻⲻǾԣλҶ˲ǻľ𣿽ˣ
УЩӵʱǵҲУĪƷɲ
ҲⲻĪСܵ
տְѧҪŪҲܶ࣡ĪƷɵ
տıҲǰӣͶɣ¶ͦõģС˵ûڻеȨʱܸ¶㶨ˣҪǷԺҪ񷿵ĲҪǮ·Ҹ˵Ҳ˵ˣʱ仹ͦġ治ӣȥ𣿡տıʡ
е룬ֲ룡һˣˣĪӵƽҲԼ飬Ҳ֪Բԣ
㲻ѧãȻȥ飬ٶҲҲ˵Ǯܳŵ꣡տı
⻹ˣı˼û취ȫĪӵһĪƷǣûʣµĻ˵ڣǾܻǹҼĺӣȥǳŵãҲŵ
տ壬ҵҪǲˣʵҾҵҲûɶ⣬ǲܹ쳵˵Żᣬʫᣬͻᣬۻ֮տҪ·ܷҵҲҪһҵȥҽ⣬˵뷨ȻٱԼĶҾҲԡĪƷɽ
Ȼû⣬ʱҲһЩʦ̳ΣҲȥȷʵǳͷҿܸܲҪһľ͸ˣͷ֪ͨ㣬㵽ʱȥμӾˡտıһڴӦ˵Ҳʲô¡
ıʻҪһû취Ŀ㿴ˣͷøңүү㿴տı
տıүүտ·һʿڸԺ͡
ı̫лˣĪӸмĵ
ʲôһμ𣿡տıʡ



һ ũ
ּ֮ľһũտıֽҽȥμӿǿϣô˱ʣ֪һ¾ôҲЩסʱ϶ܶ˶ڸٰ۲ᣬһЩʦʱ򹫿ΣԶȥһ
Īԥһ£ڵҾȥʶʶֻھǲЩˣ֮ǰʹǷμӣ˵˲μӵġ
տıԥһ£ֻǵʹˣӣ㻹ȥʶһ£Ҳ֪˵ĿһΣʵѵãʱܶʦṫΣƽȥǳʶֵã
ãʹԣҲȥĪӶˡ
죬ʱúܿ죬ĪƷɺܿǷտ壬ȥ˯ˣ
ãϢɣտı
Īտıȥķ䣬տıŵĪӵӣμӣڸǵûȫȷԻԱȥҪҪүү㱨ͳɣ
⡭᲻̫鷳ˣĪԥʵҲϣȥμҲν
û£ʲô£տı
Īӵһɣ
У룬СǶ˵֪𣿡տı
Уö˵ıлл㣡ĪӸжĵ
ɶĥĥľտı
ϾзִտıζӣĪƷɶˣĪƷ۾տ壬ǲܶõ÷ɣһӦþˣ
տıûӵӲͦŲĺһ÷ɣһ³ⶫôộ
ĪƷĵ÷ɣȫõģȻˣտɱ³ҪǶܶǣ÷رã
ĪƷͤһտı󣺡ôտ壬õ𣿡
տıķ֣ˣƨտıһǸСɰȥ˯ɣտˣտҲҪ⻰û˵أǱ߾һġpiuǽһ
տıˣ׶ˡ
ĪƷɶ˾װûĵտ壬ûȥ˯ˣҲϽȥ˯ɣȻ˷䣬ſɾЦǺ˾ˣǺڶϹ˸Ȧ𴲵ġ
տıʱ򣬴ҶѾ̫ˣĪƷɸĪСٻҪȥϿΡ
һɱѼɱĪӸ˵ҪˮѼĻԡ
ӣôҼûʲôӣرأտıҿ϶ⲻǴƽԼȥ棬óҧҪǼ;ظɾó涼ûʲôӰӣǲޣûôɾõĲ
ǵȻˣ㿴ǼܶȻҰûô죡ûó棬ΪһЩݣ㿴ĪָԺЩݵ
˵أǲտıҵĲ֮ǰ˵ⷿľ˸ǵǰɣͷҪǷˣҲҪǣҪһһģһĲֱ̫ˣ
԰Ī˶̲ס
ıϴ׼Էɣϡ̲ˣ֪Եù𣿡Īӿʵϱð˵⽵ģĪƷĸûĪ˵տıܶӵ¶þ͸ϡ⽱ĪƷɸĪС١
ãôԲϰߣտı֪֪࣬ĪûЩóԵģȻĳθܲס
ıɽժӣ㣿Īʡ
ǼѼӷûûŵĻȥѼӣ֮ǰ˵ѼӶƯ𣿡տı£
ûأҪѼӵĻ߰ɣѼӻûأĪʧЦǺ
Ҫտı֪Īӵ뷨϶ҪţĪԼ˵ģôͱأ
Ŵ򿪣΢һãѼӾͻˣûвģĪӵ
տıµѧĪӵĻкѼǽϪֻһֻֻѩ׵Ѽһһڵ߳տı󿴵Ȥ̲סĪӵӣûˣɣ
ĪȻҪˡ
˵ЩѼӵëȷʵǰףɰտıЩôôС
ЩץģǰһĪӵ
ôһ𣿡տıʡ
УҪǷһЩѼӲϤСѼױ۸ˣĪӵ
տıҪ˵ʲôȻͱһ¸סˣæĪӣӣѼڸ



һһ 뿪
ּ֮ľһһ뿪ܣùǣһͺˣĪʣҪҪȥżԼ񼦵
԰ϽߣϽߣտıߴ٣ȻֻͷֻܵѼӣĲùû𣿡
ûµģǷֳʤͺˣĪӵ
ĪһӸտı󣺡˵ļ棡
ã˼⼦Ⱥģտıֻһжʣ
ˣûʣҪǶξͲˣĪҲǸտʼ񼦵ʱͦʵġ
ʱƵӣıȻֹ֣ò˵߷Ѽ𣿡
磬ôô磿ĪӴӼʵ
㲻ӹҵ̫ˣӳԲƿĪŵĿ𣺡Ǽ񼦵ô
аɣҲû٣绹£һأĪӵ
ıʰɣƴȤտı
ͦ˼ģտıΪ⡣
Ƶ˵Ҫϵ𣿻ȥɽϣǿȥԣһ˹ԼϵĹ
аţţȥȥտı£
򣬵ȻԵ׼ͷզϹèײӣӣ䵽ƨɣȻӾһһĵԶˣĪȥˣͨһأ
Ҳ죬͸˵ôˣոȤġ
ֻǩһԴӣԼժһЩջȥˣ˵ԭժôǺǣûһģ˾Уտıԣ˼СһտıȻûǸȥԣ
˾ôɽˣǸģҲûЦ˵׳־ʵļȲ
ֻĪʫӨ£տı󣺡տ壬㲻˵ҪʫӨ𣿡
տıʫӨտ´ٸ𣿡
ðɣտǲ̫æˣĪʫӨʣΪĪƷɾǣǲӶԺӵĳŵææģ͸ˣж־ˡ
ԣտ̫æˣտıæͷ
þٺ̲סܻسЦ
ķȻĺܷʢӣˮѼһ̳ˣһƹϣǰ׷򶹸
óԣտıһڱӣ۾һʶ壬û뵽ôɿڣɩտɸϾ¥Ĵˣ
ıˣôţĪǫ
ϾĪڳԷĪСܸĪʫӨĪСڳԣһƸտıȰģֻĪҶҲա
ʲôŻͦмƵģտıĪҶڴʲôƵġ
տ壬ҪҪѧһѧⶫǿأĪƷÿһ򣬶ͦõģ
ĪӵͷǰıҲѧһ°ɡտʼһãÿһӹǺɿˡ
ҲѧһѧտıҲ⣬²ľ͸ǾѧãֻǿȤ
ڶ죬տı͸Īȥˣ˸˵Ҫ㣬˵Ʋ㻹֣ûһͲһ㣬տıӰԼ㣬ΪվϪ㶼ˣ
죬տıɹõľջװʵʵȥЩҰĪʫӨģ˭үʼղأ
ʱտı뿪ĪҶĪԼʮʱһȥǣ
죬տıֲ˼񣬾ʵҲͦõģ̫˼ˡ
סž˼ס˾;û˼ˣЩЦΪƼƸտıȥ
⻰˵ˣ˵УҾһȥ£ҲУʲôûʲôʣտı
⻰ЩĿտı󣺡ı⻰˵ģ
ôˣôңտıЦ
ûУҾ;ı⻰˵ĸһ㶼һʵҲã˵ЩУҾֻǼʶٶѣҪ˽£ҲҪɣɶ֪Ƶ
ǵȻˣҸôһأտıĵ
ǣǣͷ⻰˵һ㶼ΥģӶŲһžԼʶ־ͺ˲첻ˣ
Щ˶ģҸ˵磬Ķʵͦǫģտıôã
ּ֮½ڵһһ뿪ַ


һ ҪǮ
ּ֮ľһҪǮȥǵĻҪȥãĪƷЩᣬĪӻûôùء
ǰʮʮɣ̫ã˵ĪӶһ£СɣҪѼ￴ˡȵоҪҪǷӵ¶
ʵһĪҪȥǣ˵ѼֱӽĪƷɵģĪƷɺȻ˵Ҫ·أǷӣĪӾһԼЩȽϰġ
Ī˵ĸǷĪƷɵĽ飬˵ķرɣس·أ򣬻Ǵ塣
ĪҶ˵˵Ǽҵĵ·߲ԶĪƷɵʱͶ˼ÿǸջãԼҹǮġ
ĪƷ˵ǿؾʹƶر˱ˣۿԷˣ
Ϊ˷ֹףĪƷɻĶĪȥǰǵΧģһЩռ̻
ֻ¶ĪƷ뵽ĪҪˣҲС£ĪӣȰ˵ͬġ
ȰΧĵɣȻˣ¶𣿡ĪƷɵ
⣬ǡĪԥˣ׶ûء
ͱԥˣ֪ǸĵôûʲôҪҶˣһĶزӣҲĵضˣֻǰǵĵһȻĪƷɻһתʮӾͳɣ
ĪӸտʼ˻ͷ棬һСɰ¶ǲǵȵ˵ʮӾͳɣǼͳҲİӰмʮСĿôǾ޿
ƻ˶ˣǼڲеҵô룬ʱϽһջס˲ͦõģҲˣܱǵûʳðɣͷʱ˵أѶپˣĪƷɵ
㲻˵Ҫ׾𣿡ĪջʲôģûƧɶ⡣
ĪЩĵģŮǼҲô㣬İӿƶ࣬һ㶼࣬㻨ûˣ˵ģ͵˵εȥǣҪʮӣ²İһ㶼ִ࣬ŵģͷûô죿
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֮ǰһ˶רŪ˸ǮĵطĪˣԺǵضĪƷ֪
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Ī͸ϡˣȻСɣүү˵˵ʲô³̣Ϊɶ㼱أ
үүⲻǺܼ룬ǰ··ߣŻͷǸӣջãԼסǿԵģүү˵ȥĪƷɵԹʢĶǽͨĵطǹŴִһ
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ĪЩп˲ŷֻҪТ˳˭˵һҪϴĸˣ
ĪƷЦţɶүүҪȫһӭأ˶˵һһоˣܽǺܶණأ
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Īɫˣ͵СɣҪûүүȻȥˣԼڼҺҪǺ£үү˯
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үүȵȵȣĪƷɽ˳һˮѼүүȥˣҲգ
ǰҪȻǲҴˣڲһˣȻ˵ҪǮˣǻʳϸȥøТҪ



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ּ֮ľһìܶҶϣĪƷҲûɶУǰôòãּҺûôҹ鷳ͳţĪҶҲСˡ
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Ī˵ûգǿʼա
ĪƷɸĪСҲǴĺˣΪæգȫ˶ĪҶֱӰȥġ
ԴĺҲҪæʮľҪµظӣľЩܼ¶˵ӣߣٱ˵ˮˮȵܼ飬ŴʳֵϧǵļˣȻʲôؼ뻹ܼһģǼֱϹ
ЩֱӸĸɸɾģũԼһкأ
ĪҪ߲ѼĵذиĪˣĪƷɿĪ󽭻ûĺãصģ
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ĪƷɸĪСٷż죬ҲˣĪƷɾ͸˵ȻǼɱֻѼӸүүɣҿүү۵ùǺҲ֪ϲϸóԵģ
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СȥɣȥˣĸĪƷ濴ۣССҲ϶ǶôԴ湻ˡ
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ĪܾģΪյ¶ĪҲùǺСϺʧڲԼǮҲϣô죿
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ĪСٵĻĪСٵԴӣãүүȥҳԣҲ֣ĪҪ˵һۡ
ЩҲĪЩ󣬲ƶҲҿˡ
ĪСٵûϵķӦãүү̣ûҾȻȥˣ
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Ī߻ʱ˳СϵղҸķˣȥԣ
СЦӦţתͷզأǰɣȥ˼ҳԾȥãһʡʳأбһֱȥ԰
СϻǿĪҪСϸҰ⻰˵ڣĪӲٲҲиҪŴ󷿣˵ˣϣҪǳܵôı
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ͷӣզӦȥԷأͷϴϱΪأ϶СҲԹʼڵּˣҪûּңС²
ڷּԺ˵帣ôøĻҲûʲôǶأȻûǮҲûԼģӣ˭˭֪
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ͷӣԺҪϴģԺֽˣӿզЩ
ˣЩɶԼҲڷּˣϴҵĳӲˣǲǰոͲˣʲôСٷ𣿡ĪӲĵ



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ּ֮ľһ³ԷˣˣģĪԼò׹̹ӣѾ²ƽˣզأ
ͷӣҪȥȥ˵Ҫǲ³ԷͷϴϱΪǶҪǸϴ˵أϷϴǲģ߷ҲС
ɶ˵˵ˣˣТ˳㣬žǣĪ
˵ϻأͷӣղŻ˵˵Ҳǵģ¶ǣ¶ˣ֣
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ȻĪںҲϴҶۣ
ӣ㶮ɶĪһۣ룺զûʾʾȥ
ĪҲ͸ϹЩ֪ʱЩԣĪںϸ̫Ѫײͷǲϴǿסġ
ĪֻҪҪģ϶ò׼ǳأҲ֪զģһƬТģ˵¶ң
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Īˣˣ϶ȥԣģҸղѾϴϱ˵ˣ
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үү̣ˣĪСԺժˣһ˳ԣ졣
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ĪСٲӣϣ̣ǼҾЪŰɣզأժûɶڳأڲ֣
ϻҪ˵ʲôĪͳϵˣТĲˣЪŰɣǵģôʲô
ͷӣ㳶Ҹɶס죬Īתע
ĪƷڳŶ˲ˣţСܣȥүүûûĻȥд󲮼ҽˣ
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ˣ̳̫ǰɣ§ĪƷɣ̵Ĺ涮£
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Ҫ˵Ҳ㻹УˣбûǿĪƷɸϽٰȥ
㣬ͷɣȥڿûжҪûĶĻǾͷ࣬ѴˣҸӣǻŪʨͷǾͰʨͷֻǰ⻻⣬ô
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ĪƷɵûµҪȣǼӵĸ֭ƣн֭ȥͲˣ
аɣԣҪǲеĻǾԼԣӵʲô
УĪƷҲұ֤һξͳɹˡ
Ȼ裬ĪƷɾ͸Ͻ̣ˣҲǵϳ㲻СĿ̡
õղ󾭹ĪƷɵĽ飬ŪСŵģһſŵӨرƯؼǳнϣҲʺϳԡ
ľͱ򵥵ˣֻˮѼ࣬ʱ˵ʽӣĪƷɵָġ
ӶĪƷ˵Ҫ̫ˣֻǰʱ棬һԼһ飬ʵ̫ˣѽ΢ƣȻˮΪӵ֮һȻû󵽸ɾˡ
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үүԾͶԵ㣡ĪСҲ顣
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үү̣Ҽҳ԰ɣ˵Ҫ׼棡ĪƷɺȻ
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ĪһѣЦŵ϶ҵģǾͲˣǾòôʦڵģǹӾͿˣТ˳ǿģûбҪ
үүˣֲǾ˵ˣһҪǳԵÿģĪƷɵ
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Т˳֪ϾͲˣϰɣҸڴ󷿳ԣһҾԳԣ˵˳ԵÿҪĪ˽ۡ
ǣĪȻ߹СϣĪƷȻû롣
Īȥ̲סĪƷɣСɣϵʱΪʲôҪѣ費Ū𣿡
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ӦòܰɣþôɩӦòôİɣһ緹ôܳԶ٣



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弦үүɣˣǻƹϣָүү̸ǸأˣĪƷɵ
УӦˡ
ĪƷֵ磬һﲮǼ͵ŹǸǣ鶹ﲮͷŹǴ׵ģһЩȻүү̳ԲˣͰɣ϶ٳҲˡҪүү˵ɶ˵Сٷģүү̾ͲˣϾͼˡ
У˿ĪƷɸŵĺúõģҲͷˣȻãǵϲˣҪĪãǸݵӣϿɾûô˵ˡ
ڶϣĪϴ꣬͵ź緹أӶùˣûĪ̲סȥ
һð緹ڳԣԼˣҪǰɣ
СϱЩģҲ
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ҲǸصģָСϾҪĪҲûϵôһʱ䱳ҲЩֹͣϣˣӣ˵ˣϴҵ˵ûôԸģ
ˣͷӣѵˣô˸˭һ治ˣϱԼĳԵĻˣ
ˣӱ˵ˣĪȻҲŭˣʵҲǳȥġ
ĪһޱСϺȻҲЩ飬͵ĲܵΪ˵ԶҲ緹أû뵽
Ī˰֣СϵĻϴҵģ⻰˵ûôҲ֪Ա˵ˣ˵ЩɣҲȥɣģָһף
ûûɶ˼ڸҾģûɶ˼СϺȻЩ񣬼үӲӡ
Ī˿ȴˣˣ˵ţתҪ˷䣬϶ͶɣҲûһҲ
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Īתߣ˳ϣӣߣ϶ҵ׼ǵĳԵģ
ǰֶݺݵĵСһۣûﲻʩģеТ˳
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ãߣĪЦЦĪСܵԴһ㣬Լ˻ûôʧܵģԼТ˳
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ϻˣȴЦţˣǵȻ˲ˣھ¹
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˵ˣ˵ѾˣԵ漴סˡ
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ÿȥ˰ˡ
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ϱĪһۣϧûŶˣ
Сٶģ˵ǲҲǳЩõģⲻ˸ˣźһƬТģͱˣԵĸˣСҲģҲ
ӴҹТ˳ôôأ̲סŴȣĪСûߣͰĪСܸ˹Ҳۣ֪û緹ȥ緹
̣Ե㣡ĪСҲ㣬ĪСҪѧĪСٸĪƷҲû㣡
ǿԣ緹ǳԵùܳԱҪǲУȥµȥ˵ϡ
ãˣ⹻ˣôõ緹ҪԲߣʲôܳԵùߣÿ϶ôԵ𣿡
̣ûеģϾϡ䳴ˣн˾ûˣĪСܶµĵ
緹ĪҲشˣϳڴﵽй䣬֣ͷӣ㲻ȥ˰



һ 
ּ֮ľһҡɶأȥĻ죬ȥԡҲȥˣȥЩϽྶĪҲסˣȥϴҵģ𣿡
ôˣϵУҲҽǶȥһӵĻҪйҪ졣
ʱĩֱ϶ҰɣʡúҲˣĪ
Уϵ
Īڴûһ;Щˣʵǲȥ󷿣תͻ˶
ҪȥЪ𣿶׼ˣ룺Ů񰡣ɶµˣ
ıأĪôںء
СܣүүȥϢ
ˣĪСܵүүߣ
үүʲʣҸˮĪСܵ
ˣСղڶ𣿡Īʵ
ǰүүҪҪҸܵܡ飿ĪСܶµ롣
ĪԼҲģɨһȦø׼ķ䣬Խ̹ûˣĪðүүȥĻ𣿡
ģүүÿԼලʫӨʫӨȻǰûÿĪСܵ
ǺãүүȥĪˣ˵ĲûеģӴ˵ӶʲôƵģľЪţľ͸ҵ¶ģ˲
үӣɶʱģϽأ֪ĪûУû뵽ĪȻĻͦġ
ҹһˣĪϵӣǾϢɣ϶ҵĸǶˣǱݣȥȥ
죬û˵ȥˣⷿ仹ͦģ
ʵͷԭտı׼һ䣬Ҳȣ׼ЩʲôͿ˯ˣҪǶĻûû취һױúǼ˯
ϲιһ£⣬˵ססɣҲͦõġɶ¶øɣ˷ȥϽǶ죬ӹĶ̹
ˣ溰š
ŹզģͦóԵģϻͦϲŹǵģĴŨŨģˮ۵ĶҲϲȣ
ô׸ģõҪϲԣǻͷ
ˣȴӻ˵ɣⶼȥüˣ˵ǰҲû˵Ҫȥˣһܿ𣿴û׼ȥﲻЦɣʵǵĪӵģֻ⻰˵
Ī̲סһۣԻ²죿
ȻݣĪϵӣڶס죬ôʵǲ뿴Сϣ̫ˡ
аǾס죬ûȥǶĳҶӻˣ˵̲סΪǷˣ
ס⼸죬ɱϹɶˣԷʲôûУĪʡ
զϹˣɶˣϲˡ
㻹ûϹ£˵ӺĸóԵģˣûɶõģ㻹϶ҵġԼ϶Ҷɶ̬ȣϴҵĶɶ̬ȣĪ
϶ҵңϲţ
ϴҵľͲ𣿡ĪʣҪ϶ҵôҿ㲻ܴʵ۸ɣ˺Ļûñˣ
ˣˣҲҲҶôܼǶִŵİҶӼҰܹôϲͷĵҲ˵˻ô
İɣӼûôװܹ⣡Ī
զ˵ģǲǰʱɶģɶ¿ˣ˵϶ɶأϵ
ȻֱĪһۣ㿴˭أӣ
Ϻ⣬Īû˵Ҳ֪ˡ
С߾ЩˣûȥҲҲëձɵЩԼ̫ˣۿ綼ˣڻûСϾסˡ
ɩզˣϴţ
ð𣿡Сεʵ
أﶼЪˣɩҪҪϹúĵĽ
ЪЪˣаɣСϻû˯ҪƽʱҲͰˣ
СϲԹããҲǵģҪЪ£զҲ֨أ
գգۣûҪ֨ɶǶľֲľɶ˵ģ˵ȥ֪֨ϻΪסأ



һ 
ּ֮ľһúû˵
СϴҴҵľˣðҪǵˣҸ˵һ˵ˣ˯ˣûҴǣ
УɩģҾ͸˵Ӧˡ
˯ùȻ˵ˣĪֻһʾ֪ˣϾЩˣҪĪ˵ɶ͹ǵڣ˻ȥˣŵĵҵģ㿴ɣҾ˵ˣߣǻͲȥˣҶӻ˵
Īһû˵ɶ
ҵģҪȥٳȥתתʣѵôУҪúõȥתתƣ
ˣȥɣĪ˼ҿûʲôĵģ¶ֲ˵˵ӱأ
үү᲻ģҪĵĻȥ㣬ͣϴտʱģĪСܵĪġ
Īеȥ˺Ժ㣬ϪŵѼӣѩ׵ëͦġ
ûãĪˣûϸ
ֻĸĽţĪתͷͻԺ϶ҵģҼôģҰ񼦵ɣ
ˣһȥˣһʼû⡣
Īû£ҲţҲģҵ¶
Ǿ鷳ˣȥ񣬼ûĿѼҪֿѼҲеѵ
ãĪӦ
Сܣ̽үүѼôϣĪŻͦ˼ģѼһʼͻô𣿡
үүǵģѼӶǾѵģһѼӾͻԶϰˣϰ˲жԣȻܸϽѼĪСܵ˵ҲĪƷɽ̵Уô
ⷨӻǺã˵ÿθιǰһããѼӾͶ𣿼Ҳ𣿡Īʵ
ǰļѼͲ÷ѾѵˣǰļѼһߵģĪСܵ
ϵʱСˣһĪ϶ûϢСϻûھͱϸˡ
ϸĪס˶ʼЩǳÿʲôˡ
ĪƷ̣õԺϸүү̸һһϡнˣˣʱأһߴŹز˳һҲһﲮÿ춼ȵԺõȥϵĻһԣҲ࣬иľУүүҲģǹ飬ܱСҲǮҲ÷Ǯ⡣
УǸүү̺úòӦˡ
϶ҵģԺǼҳʲôǾͳʲô׼Ī
Ҳû׼ʲôƽҲôԵģ
ĪҲϼ⣬ϻ⣡
ûʲôģҺҪʱ򣬹ͷС⽻ģ˵Ǻ˲ܳߣ˺ҲãҲ֪ϵЩҪʲôǮõ
˾Ͳˣ¶ҵģȻҸͰȥˡĪ֡
ãÿү治ôˣҲӦˡ
ϲŷӹҲͦģÿ첻ʲôϽҲͦ˼ģļѼιĻùܣûʮǮʲôԼʲôҪܣͰιιѼιιɨɨأˣҲû˹ܣӶ̹
²ĪѣҲоҵĲͬ
Сϵһʼﶼûףÿ춼ֻУĪĵĲȥСûа취ֻܻȥ
С˵ĺͿ£Ҳ̲סﶼǲһٷֵʲôҪָļ⣿˻Ҫ;أҪ˴ТҿĪںҪ㻹ĸ
ɵӶ֪ҪĸģϾĪںҪ٣Т֮һѹˣһ֪ĪںТǾıˡ
οʹǲ٣˵ĭӶ̲סĪں
֪ˡҲΪֻһٷ¶ֲʲô¶ҲҹԼ˵ҪȥԵģСϿŵ̲סԼֱһ䡣
˵Ҫ׼ҹǰ̬ȣͱҰ˵Ӷˣ
֪ˣҺú˵˵ɣѾ˿ʼ˵лˣСϿ޵Ҳˡ
СܿѾ֪ˣͱˡ˵ˣȷʵֻһٷ¶Ҫ˵׼ҹҲ߯Сˣ۵ĸԼŮᣡ



һ ˵
ּ֮ľһ˵顰СϰԼϱΪһӣ֣Էɶ飿һٷϱôŶԣ̲סǸصĶˣС¶Ѿ治ˣĶϱôԣ
ҲˣϱôĥԷġ
ҼţһΣһΣٰͷûͷ㹫ؼң͸ҺúõľţҪٸɳ¶ҲˣСϸ涡
ȻŮͦݣ¶ҪԼŮţ
ⲻĪҶ׼ҹŮû̺ãҸˣ
׼ҹʵҲʲô¶Īæ׼ҹ˻ǲģȻҲͬСϵϴϱʱҲǼҸˡ
ôûʲô°ҵҵĲ˼˵˵ϿɲǺ۸ģ˸˾һͨ䣬ȫƽεε¶Ҫ˵¶Ҳ󣬿࣬ҲԹĪС
ĪҲˣҪйҲϸ˷״
ԭţȻ˼ңԺҲǷ̡̾¶ʵ̲ȥˣ˵ڿϴڹ㣬źǣСźǣһͣɨɨأ˵ũˣϣбŮҸҴιιѼιժϴˣĩ˻ҪŴµظɻС˵һûУžģһͨһͨԹ
ҵ˸˰㻰˵Ц÷ļѣ׼ҹ׼ĸŮһģֱǾͱƽˣû̺ãһͷٺúõĽġ
ǰ׼ĸȥҶúõĹܽŮǷģԲ֡ű
׼ҹǲҵϣҲںϣǺǸúӣҶ֪ǺΪ˶飬ж࣬˵ǲǣ˵СܿҲһʱͿ׼ҹҵϣں⺢ӵϣԭɣҪ´Ůģǲ˵Ҳøؼȥˣ
˵Īں֣Ī˿ڣðɣȻ׼ҹô˵ˣǾͻȥסˣֻǷ޶ҲȷʵˣЩĻܸɶپ͸ɶ٣ɲ˻ϴҵܵһЩ
Ī˵ŷ̵Ļ
ֻԼˣϻҪЦţ϶ܹģ׼ҹⲻǴģԺ¶Ҳ׼ҹˣ׼ҹ͵Ƿĸɣ
Īÿɷ˵ǰΣɾЩ¶Ͱζûˣ󷿵ĪɲֻСϵ⣬Īں⣬ֻǶĪ˵ЩС£ܲΪЩöӵ;˰ɣ
ͷӣǾôȥˣЩᣬ·˰ϴ⼸컹˲ƥǲѣĪҲһ˵ףø㻨ǮӶ̹
ĪЦô㻹סˣӣ̰ͼݣŶأͲˡ
ĪǷǻȥɣȻϱѹû˵ʲôϲĻҲϲָһ£ĪʫӨҲҪ˵ĪʫӨ鶼Ҫ˵ҪĪ˵Ͼǲ̫࣬ҲӲ
ôĪҴ󷿵˪ȥسǣǸһȥģسǽѧͲ˵ˣ
ټס̹Ҳ˲鷳Ȼ˶ͦסģɻˣǣҲҪºǡ
ʵʱĪ˵ͷ˵һֱڶסĪԼס뷨ʱһһǮˣӹֻӲʣԼֵأԼҳԾˣȻѼιֻɶɶαؿɫأ
˵˵Ī˼ֶҡˣܲΪС£˵ϴТ˳ɣҪ˵ĪںТ˳ҲûУʳӲǷǳɶҲɶ
¶Ҳôȥˣܴﻹ˰ԣȴʲôϢĪҶϵģ󷿾͸˵ˡ
ʱڸһСԺķĪڴտıڱϵӣҪھͻȥ𣿲죿һ˾أ㲻˵һεӦдĻԡ
ĪЩЦıԼ֪ܲԼʲô𣿱һģ˵ĻԣǸƽдıģ˵ˮƽһξأҿɲôˣҲˣҴûôԶţҲ֪ôˣ
ּ֮½ڵһ˵ַ


һһ
ּ֮ľһһ¡һлл㣬Ҫ㽨һЩʦĽΣʵǳһȥҪúõİѱʼһ£Īӵ
տıȰҲһʱû죡⼸첻ǻаʲô;ջҲȥʶʶ
ı㲻ò˼ԼҪǰȥġ;ջᣬҾͲȥˣ˵ţĪ̲סЦıҲȰȥˣҪȥˣͷõ֪ˣһͨԲԵ
;ջᣬ˵̸ʫ۵ʵҲǱ׻ᣬʱɲֻӢſҲŮɲȥ֡
аɣ·ע㰲ȫտıεĵʵû졣
ûµģǾͼ˭٣Īӵʱ䣬տдıҸտ˵һ֪ǷпգеĻȥл
տүӻڼңҪˣô죿
ǵģ̫үôöԼ⼸߶дʵǸмĪӹֵ
Ǻѣòô񣬼ȻˣҲˣ·ע㰲ȫտүӵ
Īо仰˵ˣ·ûٵģеġ
ӣ߰ɣһ׷أһ¹̲ס
Уɽ֣ǲᣬ˿ɾҪˣҵţнҩҸϣǰڳϣʵ㣬û֪ˡǽͰȫˣĪӿſڲݵϲ֪ˣĵĵ
ɲУһ׷ɱ˾ڳأ˭֪Ǻ˻ǻˣһ˵
⣬ҲҪȰĽҩϣĪӵǵģȻ߰ɣ
ˣһ߰ɣһһ˵ҪڵţҲĪģҪȥ
ǵȻȸҩĪӵһĪӳԶţĪƷɵ·ϻʽգĪ׼ذף׼Щҩʲôֹкҩҩҩ׼ˡ
ϸһСӣʮ꣬ȻЩˣɲӰӢƤ𪣬ܿǸҵСʹţǶŵģ͸һ˿Ũܵüͷ΢΢𣬷·ǳʲô
ĪӸСҩȻСӱ˳̲ס̾⺢Ҳ֪˭ֺݵģЩϸ΢Ļ۵ǲʲôҪǺ󱳵һбȥѪҪĪڶҲһŵֽŷ˵ҩˣ޲öԶԶġ
ҲǿȻˣǴҲԸڹһѲˣ㵨Ӵ󣬾͸ȺָͳʱָѪҲɡ˵ʱһţװźµӣҪˣǾû˶Ѳ˸ϵΪǵС룬ҿҪסˣ̾ĪȫһЩ
̲סԹǲ˲𣿡
ͿղҲˣҪЩˣҪɥĲģΪûܶù棡ǿѣҿ϶ָ˳ӣʱҲƾһأһ۵
ŲǼţĳ򶼺ڽһ˻ˣ֪ôյ¾Ͳ̰ǮˣֻЩŹ˵ĻҲûķݶԿϾ˵ĪҲһ˿壬һߺڣһţ
꣬ҲԼڳǻһЩˣ˸ֵİ취ǵʵʵģˣ˸ӦԵİ취ղŶ˷
Ȼ׼׵˾ֳˣ;·һСϪҲϢˣͲװˮ·ˡ
˵ٴγûãǾ˼ˣһڲŵȾѪǼʲôģææģʲô£
ŶʱһѣһµӣĪҲ£ֻ뵽¶ģΣһҲھǼĪţ׳ŵӵλ׳ʿҵȥǸϿţ֪֪׳ʿк£
ʹˣţʱҲǶµģüЦûɣΪǵӡУţɲ
ţǶǣ·أҿһ˵
ĪǾͻתͰҲŵˣͰ߶µģһѰϡ
ͺһ˶ӵĳЦеˣȿ·
˲ʣ·ûпʲô쳣
(
ּ֮½ڵһһһַ


һ 
ּ֮ľһºˡ쳣ĪΨΨŵŵģУУǰ棬ǿһ֪ʲôģ·ߣһһ̯ӵѪǣǶûͣģзͽͣͼææˣ
ǰ棿Ҳû̽ʲô⻰ʱһ
ͣǰ棬ʱţ̰ɣĪӲźȶҪˡ
ߣȻͷģ⻰һ֡
Ҳ֪ԣ˵͸ˣһ˼Ƚϸ壬ʵͷЩҪҪ
ͷĺ˰ڰ֣ãȻɶţҪȫɱˣͷִˣ˵ͶһֵΣա
ǣŻ᲻˵ȥȻˣԽ˵ԽŻһŻɶ˵
ǱϵһҲ˵ɶҲҿͷûЩȻ˵ĺܣɶţһˣͷ˷ˣѱǳʲôǻСЩĺã
˷ŹǣĪ̱ڵϣҲ̱ţϣǸţĶ
ɱ˵ĺ˻ͷһһЦҲû¶ˡ
Ⱥ˲ӰĪӲæţĵʦ죬ǿ߰ɣ
ڿҪˣ¶Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ߣĪƷϷѧĪСٸո߳ӣĪƷɺȻסĪС٣С٣ȱ𱳣ǲʲô
ĪСϸû
֪Ⱥӡ֮ߡĪСټ
ĪƷٴסĪС٣ԣСиڿޣ
ĪС񣬻ǣ
ǣһŷ·ߵɽиСӶиСӣһֲѣС޵ϡﻩġ
ĪƷһľһͿģæСӰС⣬˭ҵСޣôޣҿϻǻ
磬ô죿Ҫ˼𣿡ĪСٿҲͦСģҲŶº塣
ĪƷ룬ͷʵСѣ㲻Ҫˣ˵
ϧСûĪƷӣɾ޵ɤӶҪˣĪƷĶˡ
ԭص˺һûȵˣۿ춼ҪˣĪƷɾ͵ȻǾȰؼҰɣȻͷʣ˭֪С𣿡˵ţ뵽ŴĻӺܶ࣬ĪƷɾ͸˿ڣǻͷȱ˵ģĻô࣬˭֪ϵǲĻӰ
ţǵʱɣĪСҲͬ
ڴﵽĪҴ廹һδ·֮ǰ۵ʱ޵ģֻ·ҪһβߣȻȽϺߣߵĻԭ·Ϊˣ·Ҳûʲôˡ
ĪƷǴ󣬱бźӻɣЦ뷹ǰ׳Եģʮһѽ࣬Ӫ㣬ܳԱҲ͸Ŵȥˡ
һ·һ·壬ߵǰСںסˣĪƷɸĪСٶɿȻǾû
СɣС٣ǽôô˰ɣϴֳԷΡ
ףʲôС㻳ﱧŸʲôסˡ
֮ǰҸĽҩأûˣ㿴⺢϶˵ģĪƷɵ
Ķĺѽһ⺢ӣʱϲֻ⺢Ӱװ֣ͷԵģȻģЩϸ΢Ļۣ¶Ƥǰ۵ĺܣ˲˰ֵͷһ͸ˡ
·ϼģҲ֪Ǳ˲Żǵȥˣ޵ÿɲˣĪƷɽ͵
ӴҿҪ֣СҪ§ĪƷɲ֡
ȥûнҩɣȸͰˮ˭⺢ϴϴĪƷΣֻһֱˡ
ǽҩˣǼҲûʣµģҪϴϴɣҿ˵ҲأõģŻˣţˮȥ˳⺢Ѵ
⺢ӶĪƷɵͦɵģ·ҲǹԹԵģϴҲԹԵģ˿ۣĪƷæСᴵ˴ۣۣǺ¸ңǸСӢۣ޲Ŷ
СĲˣϴˣСϴֲѣĪƷ̲ס۾찡㳤ôôƯ̫ɰˣ
⺢ȫҲûıǣʲôûУһƽڲϣرСһŵͦµģͨúܣĪƷţҲԺС˵ƾ֤͸
Сոܸ࣬ͣĪƷɿоĪƷɵ鶼ЩŵˣĪƷɵĻȥĪƷϵĹ̵ְı顣



һ С
ּ֮ľһСĪƷɸϸĿ˿ûãСҲȷʵûʲôˣЩϸ΢ĻۣǲľĻۣںܲҩС嶼ָĿ졣
ӶȥԷĪƷɱССѣʲôѽ
С˵ˣĪƷûޣ֪⺢ǻǲ˵
Сɰϴ˼ι԰ɣҲû취⺢ֻĪƷɣϽӽ
УĪƷɵ
ЩۣСɣҪҪȳιСٿɰҲǱ˼ҵģȻҪȹԼˡ
ˣһԣϾͺãҰȥĪƷ˵ţš
磬磬񵽵СܵܣÿɰѽĪʫӨסĪƷɵĴȣĵ
͸ʫӨһɽϼѽĪƷ˻ģ
ۣҲǼģҲǼģĪƷһ仰ɹǿĪʫӨȻһɣðĪʫӨȥˡ
ĪСƭˣɣȻҲȥĪʫӨããƭģ汿ܸƭˣ
ĪƷɵˣСô֪ƭ˵ģ˵ҲǺɽأ
ߣϹ˵˵ıŲǺɽأĪСһ㶼ϵ
ðɣڵС˾ˡ
ĪƷɳԷҲûƵģСͦԵģĪƷιһһڣιҲߣĪƷɡ
СĪҶеĹעĪСٳ극̲סܵ߶϶ŪСС˭Ҳǲֻǲ֨ŴģˮĴ۾īƵƯ鶢㣬ҲֱϷĸоԺ˵ĪСˣĪСٶʧ¡
ĪƷɳ˷ҪҵͰСһ𱧵鷿ȥСűϣĪƷɵͷҪԹԵģҪ֣Ҫѧϰˣ֪𣿡
ĪƷⶣҲǶģС۵ʱޣʱ򶼹ԹԵģҲ˵ˡ
˹ΣĪƷȥϴˣСճĪƷɲߣĪСٱϣĪƷֻܰýйָСָ˰ԼϴһͻãСԹԵĲҪޣԼϴͳ
ĪƷҲ֪Сû뿪ʱޣ۵ϴˣŲãҪĪƷɣĪƷݺģСñţԼٵϴ˸ս衣
㰡Ǹĥ˵СĪƷɱСº䣬СͣˣҭҭգŴ۾ĪƷɣһ¶ӡ
ĪƷֻܾͶ˯˯˵ţĪƷɿʼСΰεģûһС͵ֲסŨŨ˯硣
ͬʱ޷һҽǰӭһˣţ𣿿ţɤѹر͡
һĪųţһĪӣû˺զˣˣ
Īӿɲܣ𿴱Ÿˣ廹ͦǱİһͽҽݣĪҽٴιϡ
ôˣ㻹ˣĪԹţʡ
ĪЩĵĪæ⺢ôˣʱ򣬾ڲݴԵϣһ̯ӵѪҾĽҩĨˣȣ
Īҹɣ
ȸ⺢ӰҩĪĪӣô£ģ
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СԲ۾ĪʫӨĪСҪץ˹ģĪʫӨҲܴȵĵݸ



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˵ĪҶҪӦƸٴֵĶˣ˵ʺܸʱ϶ģĪҶҲĪӺĸˢȥˣµŮȫʵġ
Ȼˣ֮ǰҲиĪ峤ͨģĪ峤黹Ǻֵ֧ģĪӸĪ峤һԺ󣬶ĪƷɻĪ峤˸ǵҵܱܵĻþһЩþˣǾһֱӶˡ
Ҫ֪Ҳ൱ũеʱȻﻹҪæֻҪԼһЩ߼һЩҲӦģټݹһĻ͹ˣҶһֱĻǴӾ͸ԣˣӸԣ˿Ī峤Ĵ¸ԣģĪ峤Ǵ˵ܵϼıأ
Ī峤Ƕģİʾ֧֣һֵ֧ף
ЩûѡԹԣĪ峤䣬QȫĪ峤ȡȥˣ
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Ա˵Ī峤ˣڶĪ࿴ˡ
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ּ֮ľһ±ϲôһ۳ʣǧӣҲǴɣҾ֣һҰǧİӡ
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ּ֮ľһһоæ峤׼٣
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ĪҶоٵϢˣֵĲ٣Ҫæ˶飬˵ҪˣʾԸȥΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ţ˼һԼҵţ׳˵ĸм
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ּ֮ľһĶ³ܲٷԵҲЩΪϵĪҶѾˣ׼ЩʳַһЩʱ䣬ڴ鶼ҲģԭΪҶӦҲǺģϾҹûټʱʲôܵõǮ
ȴû뵽Īү˴һľϲһ·ߵǮԲˡ
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ڶһϣһкôҲϣҲǺ޶ϴε飬Թԡ
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ʲô뷨˵˵ƴߴ٣֪ĪƷԴܶⶼģԺӡ



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취Ȼһ㣬ЧУЩҪڼϵΪֹ



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˵ǾǣǼԭģΪʧܣծţָɳʲôأΪӺãֻܰ͵Ѽȥ
ǵ˵ҲģĪƷɽ˳Ժ󣬺Ȼ˼˵飬һɣһ͸ȱˡ
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Ī˯ԺģҹһҹѩľЩ˭ˣ
ĪӴŹǷţɶ¶ĪţԭĪţĪ峤Ķӡ
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壬ҵǼ磡ԵЩӣɻ׳ŵӵ
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Īӱߵͷţˣ̾˿ھָ˵˹֣λúλˣȥӾˡλúٻȥɣ
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Ŵ˿ڵƶȣĪƷȻɪɪģԼһԱ
ڿջķԱĪƷɵĵһ뷨ȥЩ˵еǩ˻û취ʱ̫İȫУӶ˲ǲԣɲܱ֤ǵҳϸùĻֱЩ˻ЩǩǵϣʲôңȻ˷ĵġ
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ﲮǵˣĪСЩ˷ܵĴ̽ͷһαֻĪƷɸĪһеģĪƷ룬ĪСҲżˣкӻǶţʶһЩȽϺãʹĪСһˡ
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ĪҪ׽ҲѼëⲻسǣʹ˺ü϶һĪѼë
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ⵯǮһĪƷһС̯ϾͷҪĶڼ˾׼ͷǵⶫһֱû򵽡
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ĪСڱ϶Ŀɿڴģһ֪ԭǸĥߴӣⶼ˰ɡ
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ûɶǵ㽲ۣĥ죡غ񣬻ʵʵĪƷɆ¡
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ȻȽϲĪС˵ĪСٵĻæǺãȵȥȥϾͻأ
ĪСٿ˿ͷԶҪԶĻǲԼɣʱһ̲Żؼҡ
ԶԶһյĹ򣡡æȻǸȥҲУõĹ٣ֻҪϲʲôģ
ĪС룬ȵȣҵȥ
磬߰ɣһٹĪСٶĪƷɵ
УȥҵɣĪƷɸջ˵ֱȥˣֻ뵽ʱȫͬˡ



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˵ĹĪӸƸȫˣĪƷ̰ĵģȻظ˵ɴҲӦʵϣ˵ĲǼٻ˵˵ĹȷʵǺá
¼۸ҲȫˣĪƷżһһƸԸһҲΪĹдССʺϺãʺϴãԼҲãͷҪʲôݺѵģȽϲҲһöѵã⻰ﶼͨá
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壬õܣõܣȽĪϵ飬ĪЩ䵭ˡ
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壬˪ûߣƽǲܳģùȻĪЦţҸ羡֮ǣо٣Ҹ绹ûףأ
ԺɣǻûǮǮˣҲһĪӺǺǵЦţ߰ɣȥԣĪ֪ĪҶЩǮģдʱ򣬿ûۺķҲپܾ
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ĪĪϵû£˵СǮ󣬵ǳԶٷǿԵģ߰ɣҿǰи¥ǾȥԣĪӶĪϵӡҲ˵ĺãĪϲĪ䵭ͦġ
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ˣˣģĪԼò׹̹ӣѾ²ƽˣզأ
ͷӣҪȥȥ˵Ҫǲ³ԷͷϴϱΪǶҪǸϴ˵أϷϴǲģ߷ҲС
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˵ϻأͷӣղŻ˵˵Ҳǵģ¶ǣ¶ˣ֣
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ĪҲ͸ϹЩ֪ʱЩԣĪںϸ̫Ѫײͷǲϴǿסġ
ĪֻҪҪģ϶ò׼ǳأҲ֪զģһƬТģ˵¶ң
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ˣ̳̫ǰɣ§ĪƷɣ̵Ĺ涮£
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ûɶԵģֻҪ׼ģ̶ԣЦԡ
ĪƷҲ̣ǾͿŸˣҪɶԵģ͸ң
ϣЦֲ졣
߻ȥ·ϣϵ춼ֵģĪ̲סЦˣϽϰɣ֪ĻΪǮأ
ɲզأȼǮҸˣТ˳̵ģҸ˸˰ϹŲӡ
Ҳ֪˭˵ﲻТ˳ҵģĪ
ðͷӣⲻǲ֪ʲô𣿡ӲĵĽʺޣ


һ 
ּ֮ľһ´ĪĿࣺ壬ֻһ𣿡
ĪӿЦǰģǮӦûһɣûеĻ岼Ͳˣ
Īʱ˿ƵģֻεЦţôҲ˵û£ˣܲôҿ˲˰ɣ˵ˣЩҲˣȻûӰ
ǣٷĪԵĺڣѾû˼úõƷ˵ζζͬ
ĪϾͱȽϿÿˣˣǾͳԵÿĵ㣬Ҳ㣡
Եһ룬ĪƷɽҪȥϴ֣¥ƹģŷǮֻҪѵĪһ£ȻĪˡ
Ǯƹžˣ֪һ㣬ղСڱϸԣѵˣ˵᷿Ŀ˿˼ȴʮˣҲǹݳ޵ġ
ƹȴע⵽ŷʹ·ûжãĪƷˬĽˣ࿴ĪƷһۣĵʵ͹٣ﻹṩ񣬲֪Ҫ𣿡
ģ̫ллˣһ鷳ǰǴһ£ҪؼˣʲôģҪǲͺеĻǻˣȻǮһ˰ɣ
͹٣ˣͺеĻҪʮģֻǲͺеǮͲǲҪǮģƹĽ͵
ãллƹģĪƷɵԣ¥ƹӡͦõģȻʮĪƷҲۣҲû취飬˭Ī᷸ء
⣬ôأĪԵСǲôлл
ȵȣС磬鷳Ǵһ£ĪƷס˵СΪС֪ĪƷɸǮȻ֪˭ˡ
СɣĪЩãܲеϢ˭¹ӻ
ôˣ˭¹Ӳø㿴һӵĲˣǮ֪˼һ궼˶Ϊ˶ӿŮ𣿡ĪƷ
ĪöĪƷ˵ͨתĪӵ壬Ҳܹõܣ¹дģⲻǵ𣿡ĪûעĪƷɵĻ
ᣬڼԼһֱʥᳫĴͳ£ûʲô˵ģĪӻĵ
壡Īỹ˵ʲôĪѾĪ˵ˣĪ̬ˣʵĪں̬ҲᣬĪں̬ûĪôᣬǰǫġ
ĪӰڰ֣㲻˵ˣʹɣǮûǮ˷ѡ
Īûа취ɵҲ˵ⷹǳģ˵ͲĻ
Ī¥ֻϣҪͬԸΥ
ӴⲻĪôˣǮ¹˰ĪƷ¥ʱ򣬺Ȼиɫеסǣͳ
ɫе߻żѧӷεģȻɫһġ
ĪʶͦţЦ÷Ƶǰʮˣ
ļٵİôأиЦӣ
ʱСѾˣĪƷҲʼߣĪǸĪƷһߵģҲʶĪƷǣʶĪϡ
֪һˣӴĪᣬ㲻Ǯ¹𣿻ʮˣôأҪ˵ôҲͬ㸶ҲǲԵģ
Īɫࣺ˭ˣò㣡
ԷЦ
ǰᣬǶ֪ͥԣҲǿģ˵һǰ㸶ҲǿԵģ
Ī˷ҪĪҶˡ
Ī͵ͨ죬ŭ͹Ǳ̫ˣɫࡣ
ĪƷһסĪļ򣺡Ӵø磬⼸λǣ
ø磿ݰɣСܵܣǼǲǺԲϷ˰Ȼ¹ôҪأˣһֱø˵ҪͱӲˣǰɣӵģ˲ĵҪСܵøһ磬ǾǰǮô
⻰ĪûðɣСɣҵģ
ĪƷĪļʾĪᵭ
ĪƷװЩģλҴøͬҴøĹϵܺ𣿡
԰ܺأ͹˵ò⡣
ŶĪƷɻȻȻȻһĸмӵȻˣǾͲˣӣллˣʵǸ˰ĺˣȻתͷƹĵƹģȻˣ鷳㻹ǣҲˣλǮ
ĪԶҪˣŭĪƷɣұ죡



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ҶϣĪƷҲûɶУǰôòãּҺûôҹ鷳ͳţĪҶҲСˡ
УĪҲ
Ī˵ûգǿʼա
ĪƷɸĪСҲǴĺˣΪæգȫ˶ĪҶֱӰȥġ
ԴĺҲҪæʮľҪµظӣľЩܼ¶˵ӣߣٱ˵ˮˮȵܼ飬ŴʳֵϧǵļˣȻʲôؼ뻹ܼһģǼֱϹ
ЩֱӸĸɸɾģũԼһкأ
ĪҪ߲ѼĵذиĪˣĪƷɿĪ󽭻ûĺãصģ
ĪƷɾ˻ͷʹүүǵظȥȻ֣Ǿñ֣ʳɣյʳĪǮҲĪˣҪ۵
ĪƷɸĪСİæҪѧĪҶҲһĪСܰųĪСҲðŸɶӣˮ
ĪСæĪѵõû˵ɶֻĬĬĸɻĪͷҪȥĪҶ鷳ģɾûҵᡣ
ĪƷɸĪСٷż죬ҲˣĪƷɾ͸˵ȻǼɱֻѼӸүүɣҿүү۵ùǺҲ֪ϲϸóԵģ
ĪƷ֮Իô˵ĪСܻ˵ģڻҪʳʹҲгˣСǲˬ죬ȻɶóԵˣСϿôóʲôڳԺˣȥ˳ô
ȻˣСû˵ôֱףֻǰƽ׼ˣҵĵضѾˡ
ԼʹĪƷ˶ģöһֱТ˳ģԵУɱֻѼˮѼɱֻүү̲Сȥүү˵춼ǼԷ
СȥɣȥˣĸĪƷ濴ۣССҲ϶ǶôԴ湻ˡ
˵գ󷿶ûǰˣҲгôĳҲеɫæĪ󽭸ȥϰûǮҲ⣬ûɶóԵģ󷿶ܼƽϣ
ĪСʧЦãھȥ֪ǸӲģⲻƽǰ¶Ҳ֪ǰϹɶ
үү̣ǷżˣҵҲڣЩ壬Ǽҳ췹ɣҼ֣ĪСԽ˵ˡ
ĪܾģΪյ¶ĪҲùǺСϺʧڲԼǮҲϣô죿
ĪΪԼǸܿĳһ˵ּҾķˣôȨȫƽ˳ȥЩͥ˵Ƿּңɸ˭ס
ɾСϻ⣬ѵԼϵһ϶ûĪЩģ
ĪСٵĻĪСٵԴӣãүүȥҳԣҲ֣ĪҪ˵һۡ
ЩҲĪЩ󣬲ƶҲҿˡ
ĪСٵûϵķӦãүү̣ûҾȻȥˣ
ĪҲûϣүүȥ
үүˣԼߣĪСٵ
Ī߻ʱ˳СϵղҸķˣȥԣ
СЦӦţתͷզأǰɣȥ˼ҳԾȥãһʡʳأбһֱȥ԰
СϻǿĪҪСϸҰ⻰˵ڣĪӲٲҲиҪŴ󷿣˵ˣϣҪǳܵôı
԰Ҫеûкܴ
ͷӣզӦȥԷأͷϴϱΪأ϶СҲԹʼڵּˣҪûּңС²
ڷּԺ˵帣ôøĻҲûʲôǶأȻûǮҲûԼģӣ˭˭֪
ĪһզģҪȥԷҪһɣΪǲ
ͷӣԺҪϴģԺֽˣӿզЩ
ˣЩɶԼҲڷּˣϴҵĳӲˣǲǰոͲˣʲôСٷ𣿡ĪӲĵ



һ 
ּ֮ľһĪֻԼֶʱһûϵĶˤȥɵҲ֪ܳ
ĪѾҽˣĶ壡
ĪӹֵӣֻǺ֮һСìܣõ棬⺢Ըûжԣ˵ûͷ˻ʶأ
ҡҡͷĪ˼ҶҷǲΪǣǵĵвȷʵԺּУϼӹ̣ܽ
Ȼô˵ˣĪҲٶ˵ʲô
ȳ˾¥ĪƷɲŰѶĪϽӹĪ壬СɡС٣Ǳߣȥɣ
Ͳˣǻһ£оϿΣֻᣬϣҪ䣺ΪһũˣˣֻҪ͵Ҳûȥռ˭ıˣΪʲôҪûǸʸЦǣͬģҪֱܲ±˵ĳЦΪǵĳЦģվסŸģ
ر㣬ֻˣΪʲôҪôˣⲻǮûǮ⣬ѾƷпˣʥ϶ᳫԼˣʥ˻𣿳ԵĲôˣǳԱһͣǮǵĳԷҲǵĻΪʲôһҪ˱ȼ磿ǮѵܱǶı𣿲ҲһֻǸһԱѣ˸˲һеģûУеģҲûУôȣĪĳ
岻ǳԷǮɶ۲Ҫ˷ѣϣûһˣĪ
ȻĪ뵽ղŵ飬ЩĸĪϻĪһ˶ӣǮţһҪиҲʡͷûǮ
ҲĪеˣһԲϸǮˡ
ĪƷҲֹЦеĿһĻȻϲĪᣬҲûᣬӸղŵ֪ĪϸĪֵسǵԺƹҲûôãеǮϰҲ˷Щ
ĪĪ˵ĵĲ죬ǿĪӸǮԭظˣĪһЦʵĵлл壡ĪҲ֪ղĪҶǮˡ
Īæܾлл壬ˣԼǮҵﶼиҸ׼ˣ
ĪӶĪЦЦĪϵԴɵӣǮйõʱ򣬶ҲǸֵһиõģԲغˣ
ǰø磬ôȻզҵأĪƷЦš
ø°ɣֲϻس飬ʲôһʲô¶زģЩǮŰȫĪСҲȰ
ӵסĵطûסԺģĪں⸽˸СԺƽֵסյʱĪ˪Ҳס˾سǿ˷Щ
ĪӼ˾ˣǵҲأһ棬ĪﻹҪЩ޻ƥѵһΣֶܲܿɣ
ĪƷĪӸƣﲮǲȥ¥ʲôĹ䣬𣿡
ԹϣǣسôˣûҪֺһѹÿҳԶŻؼңﶼһɫ
ĪǮΪԤˣҲ֪ҪǮԾʹҸ·ģһҪиʲôҲʡûǮΡ
ҲĪ˴ĪƷɽ⻨ɲˣ˵ׯĪûɽȥԺͲĪӿˣֻĪƷʺ˼ǮָϵĻɫһƥǸҲһƥǸҲһƥ
ĪƷϵ޲ϸ޲֮ǰĪȥдﻻﻻϸ޲ҪãĪƷ̲סƥ
Īӣ
ĪæסѾʧȥǣĪƷɣСɣˣˣǼһʣµģ
ĪƷҲˣ𣿿ǵҾɫҲͦõģ϶ƯĪƷŵһɫ񣬼Ȳ̫͸һ˿ϡ
ǣǾͰƥ˰ɣĪˣԼ޸ԼԺûӡ
ĪƷʱָϺɫĶжĪӵҾÿԸүү괩ѣ̫ϲһ˿
ȻĪƷָżƥĪ˵뵽;˵ĪӶûƢˡ
ĪСٶȥסˣ磬ǵĳҲװˣص˼ǸϽ߰ɣ
ĪƷֻ᣺ðɣ߰ɣĪС˵ȷʵǸ⡣
˿ģһĶȥöˣզզôĶôôࣿʮƥˣҪʲôʱ򰡣



һ ض
ּ֮ľһضĪƷȴǲΪȻҾһ㶼࣬ƽһ£Ҳһƥǹ·ûأҲûУ㻹ö𣿡
ðɣҪһ¼ˣҲúǲ࣬ҽ꾰ˣҲԼҵĸĸ·Тǡ
ĪʫӨĪƷɸͷˣһøͷȻܵÿǰʵҺÿ𣿡
ÿʫӨƯˣôһشĪʫӨЦĺܿģȻȥ棬ҫȥˡ
һȥسǣȻûˣɼĪƷɸĪСٶҴ˵⣬ǹƿԺҲã˵ĺܺãϲֵĸš
ֱĪ˵һ͸ģŲ˼ˣ˵Ϊʵ̫ϲˣ
ĪƷԼȷʵˡ
ĪĪƷɵ£ҴãһʵĶ׹õڶʹˣȻûĪʫӨô԰ˣȴʱʱ۵Цŵɬ
Ī壬ʲôأʵڴ̫ƺˣưڵĻͦģֻʲôôƵģ
ǹ򣬾һ֣һ½ǣСƣҪҪԣĪʵ
ðԣƻͦȤġ
ĪƷһҲȤͰѼҲˣСһⶫˣûٶһ壬Сɸ㣡
һԲϣͷԲԲһ룬һһ룬㲻ҪգǾͲ쳩ǲһ֣𣬲Բң˲ƤתͷĲӬˣֱԲϣĪƷɵƤĵ
ĪӺֺЦСɣ̫ͺúỵ́˵ⶼʲô㣡
ĪƷ޹գգۣⲻͦ𣿡
˵û磬ҲҪѧ˼һԲϣͷԲԲһ룬һһ롭ĪС۾һŵ
ĪСЦȷʵͦ˼ģĪСĪƷ˵˵ʵûԼ룬Ҫ˼ǲסھôҲȽ׼ס
ĪһûԼãԼ˵˻ɣѧҲֻΪǿġ
ƸտʼҲֻǾú˼ѧģֻǺȴſʲôǵģֻǿĹܲһ㡣
ĺӳ˴һȭѧ׼ͷʶľ͵ô׼ģҪȣҪֱ
㻹򵯹ĪƷɲ졣
Ȼˣʶĵүү˵ⶫȹãʱضжԵ񹭼û˼ֻйͰ״
ĪƷɲ죺ƣ𣿡
ЩãȻĿĪƷɣʲô
ǿһı飬ʱȵĪƷһѪŶû³ô˧
ĪƷĨһǿԼ񣺡𣿡
ûУҡͷЩյĵҲ֪ôʶôðĻȻ̲סʹ룬ȻЩʹķԼͷ
ĪƷһæȻͱˣָʲôʱأ˳Ȼɣ㰲ȫҪ
ʵڵĸӲߣĪƷһĸߣǳñĪƷɺãĪƷԼչͭˮòУã˵ĪƷɵʱйǰһŮһôֻǸأ
ĪƷɺܻԼ̬οԼ˾ˣʱǰȫġ
Ƹǲߣǳȴÿ˵ЩﲻһϵЩ˶ûһбȼƳúõģòָֻòΪֹƵΪֹǸһִҹӣĸо˵ƳԷʱȻ˶ڽ죬˵ֻʵʱŻ˵
Ƶǻ˧ԴգȻˣǵĳҲĪƷĳõСˣŨüۣ߱䣬˵ʱĪƷܾúܹˣȻ˼С⣬ĪƷˣɿųô˧ʵļƣĪƷɶ붯һѣ֪
Ȼһ㣬߱ĸǲ˵ȻСһμƹʱĪƷһۣ˼Сɸе߻еģ׵鸹խΣѵĻƽƤ͵ģܰÿ˵ԸУʱĪƷԴ󷢣Ѫ
֮ĪƷΪ˷ֹԼһĲҪİѼƸˣЩŮӵԾԣ֪ϴ裬ŵ



һ ѧ
ּ֮ľһѧû취ʵĹְ˲𰡣
ĪƷɺȻµƣȻϲ᲻䣿
ᰡҪѧҽ㣡ƻĴĪƷ˵ȥˣͲ룡
ððңҵܵҲҪѧܽ𣿡ĪƷʡ
ЦЦʲôѧģ
ҪѧĻطҪŪĺһЩҿԺǱιѼԺҲԣ伸УţʵҲ̫żȰѵˣ׼ͷҪ㣬ؼҪȣ׼ͷˣȥû˺Ļѵ𣿡ƵҲһ
ĪƷһ˳Ÿƣ˼ô죿
СɣҿԣֻСǾͲˣⶫûӶ࣬ÿȸԼҲɰɣûɰɳҲУԷ˯ţϴʱ¾УƵ
ĪƷˣǲǻṦ򰡣֮ǰĪ˵׷ɱţܸˡ
СƣǲǻṦ򰡣ĪƷʡ
룬ҡͷҲ֪һ᲻Ṧ򣡡
ˣ㲻ҪˣһĥҪǻṦ򣬿Խ̽أȻˣĪƷЩʧĵ
룬ͷˣǲ֪Լ᲻ṦֻεĵСɣԲ𣡡
ˣʲôöԲģûʲôͻᣬͲᣡҲǿˣĪƷɲĵ˵ˣṭͺˣȻ㿴Ŷ֪ôأ
ţСҿҪѧĻӦ츳ģô󣬲ѧ򶼿ϧˡ
ΪƻṭṩЩָԵ԰гܿͽˣȻԺˣʵ̫ˣͽԺ߶ϼӣھͼ˵ʵ䵽ϣʵҲѣ
Լƽ̴ҵĵһ¾˵ĪƷɾ뵽̸ţ̡
ֻﶼûģȥĻֲţʱ̵ܲģƻֻܷ
ǳҲܳԲ壬˶ĪżȥϣĪƷɶύĪҪǿ⣬
һݣĪƷɾ͸Īȥ˸ˣһĪСҲţΪϵھҪȥԸ˲˳ûײ䣬ֻ΢һЩʱһ֤·ϵİȫΪ⣬ĪƷɸĪСٶ١
ĪƷǾö鲻·߱Ҫá
ĪСأǸкӣĪƷɲȥ
ڼƣڼĪӲǲƳȥҪڼֻ˼֮ǰ飬Ϊ˰ȫƻֻٴﶼȥڼܸĪӡˢ
ĪϾʹˣЩãڼǸСӣʢ
Ǹµĺӣ˰æӡˢ⼸ҲĪҶҪ¿Ŀջš
¿ĿջʶĻ˵ĪҶûջҲûӹĻΪֻҪŸũҵķӾأ
ƾ˵ˣ˼ˣҪһӸţõĵطָĿһ㶼ǳԶŵģ·ģҲиţЩҪаõĵطҪһӸԺӣʱ򳵿ԸжֿãΣסĵط̫󣬼ȻˣĿȥسǣȥסٻסԾתվͺá
ȻˣҲųЩˣסˣԼƻĪҶҲҪֿ׼Ҫд̣ͨȻ󷿼ĵҲҪ΢һ£һĻеĴٹ˻᲻˵ġ
ȵȵģƻ˲õĽ顣
ȻˣƵҲûȫϾˣĪҶۺϼƵĽ飬ʵҪĪƷķطǼҲȱǵǮԣש߷ǿ϶ģȻĵضǲܵģΪĪҶӵ˶ʮĶء
Ī˾Ժ󣬴֪ҪǱߵĵֺõģĪƷɾûռҵıˣÿĶضһӣ֮ǰģĪƷɸĪһ£ҲˣֻǸĹӲţ֪
һԷȻǲϸˣֻǶԷڣûĪӸǰأͱĪ峤ѹȥˡ
ջĶԺռĶԺ䣬߰˰˵ҲռĶԺҪŪ˵İĶĵطԼ񷿺䣬ҪǷЩԵĿ֮ġ



һ Զ
ּ֮ľһ³ԶȻԺӣķ֮һǴãƹĹ̨ȵȵģҪǸԵģ˳ԷĵطúţͨԺķ䣬ŷŮ
ſǵҲ£ªҲûôãԾֻһַ䣬ԺһΪģǵŴŮ˳в㣬ҲȽŮ˳Уķ֮һĵطŮסģķ֮ĵطסĵطһһĲмֱǽ滹һЩüľͷ
⼸죬ƾ͸һŰѷ䲼ǲܻ룬ʶı顣
Ϊھ֣ĪҲͲÿǰȫϵ⣬ھṩʲôҪ˿ǡ
ڵĳиִɲһֻǵǣɿӱ޵ĸ·ҪʱĻһЩ·ҪһһҹģųлгȻǿ첻ˣţĻ͸һˣ֮ǰĪӸļţʱŵϡ
ĪҪϵ¸ϢҹջȽϴԽܻӼ·Щ£ͷͷĪӹ˹֣˵
ʵԭҲôģֻ·Щ鷳ʱЩȡ
ĪȻǲˣչͷҪô˵ȫΪǱ¼ɣ
ȻǺܵĪ˲ûɵˣò˵ˣĪƷµı˭죬ȶˣЩ˲ˣֱӶ·ߣ¸ڵصģ
ĪӸĪСҲûõȥ˶·ߣһŻŻһǿ򶨵ģվ£
ھֵ˴Ȼо飬ëˮڣһ죡
;ķ羰տʼĪСٸĪƷɻͦ𾢵ģҲˣһȥǧƪһɵɽɫģû⣬ĪӸɴֳѧĪƷɸĪСٱģȻˣ·ʱ˾ʲôҲ˲ˣǿŲѾˡ
ڵڶ컹ͦ˳ģûٳʲôͻ״ʱ˳ĵ˸ǡ
ĪҪˣҪһסİţھֵʵ
չͷǸסһɣ鷳ͳһţʱǮ˵Īæ
ǺãҾͳһˣչͷ˵
ھֱȽϳߵǸǵڣй̶Ŀջ۸ŻݣסҲᰲŵĺܺãϾǳ⡣
ԣܿͰŴסˣĪֻԼĹͷɢ˼ܣҲûʲô˼ȥˣֻŸϽڿջúϢһ¡
Īֲڣ˿ֱȥϢˣھֵ˻УչͷҪѺڵȥеȷջˣҲϢ
Īӱھֵˣһ˳ԷģĪƷȰڻԵҲܳԵ嵭ģСˣչͷǿɲһ˵Ҫףһ£ڳȾƵģǿɲУѵǾ͵ҾȫûбҪ岻ʣֲû⣬չͷǲƽϵģҲ⣡
ĪСҲҾǾͱµģȻǲ䳵ûҲǰײģҲиǮģ
Īӿ˿ӸŮЩƵСվЩģаɣȽЩԣ
¥ĪӾ֪ȻԼˣչͷǰźˣⲻһߵ̨ƹľʵĪ𣿡
ǣĪЩɻ
ҪЩʲôչͷǸ׼˰࣬˸̲ˣʲôҪ˵ƹĵ
ˣͰѰ˻̲˸ɣĪӵ
Ī΢һЩͻ¥˯ˣڶûʲôθڣֻΪ˷ֹ϶ѣǿԼԵ㶫Ȼһ˯
⣬ڼֲûǮĪҲίԼί˺ӣֱӿ䷿䣬ҲûҪϷͨķ䣬䣡
Ϊ˯磬Ҳѵ磬ĪƷڷһȭõСϴƷģҪ˵ŴķǺܵģƣˢë׼ˣëѩ׵ģˢҲµġ
˾ˣҲйıģĪƷɨһ¿ջķ䣬¥۲һǰò͵طĲãԱǼҵĲ֮ͬʲôԽĵطûС
СɣˣҪԵʲô𣿡ĪӸղĪƷɵţûӦͲǲˡ
Ī˵ţĪСҲ¥磬ô磡
ǰĪƷӦţС٣ȥ԰ɣǻûأȥ֣
ѵȻҲҪЩʲôġ



һ ţ
ּ֮ľһţУȥʸʲôóԵģĪӺֱܹҪȥƹģĪƷסˣĪƷɵڿջԷҪǮģȥԣǮôǣȥ˼ң˼ܸɫܸ
Īֹס˽Ų߳ջΪزģ˲ҪҳԵĵطҪ·ʡûͷ֪·ˣǲ
չͷҵҿջƽ񻯣ûԶһУ⣬ر࣬ĪƷɻһţģһѣΪ֪ĹŴǲţģǵùﳣ˵ľŮԸţⶼѣֻеţʲôģС
ĪƷԭΪţҲ˵ģ޲ЩؼҶţ죬Ȼı䣬ɶɶ
Էʱ֪ԭģﾹȻ˰ѱţ߷ǶرĻǵ˶ҪЩţȥ
ĪƷ˾͸ˣĪӵţѵãǻؼҵʱ򣬶ЩؼҰɣڵҲỵ
ţ⣿ţôԣĪɵһ䣬ԭôûԹţ⣬˵һ˵Ҫ߰ʮģмУһţⶼ˼ҹϷˣͨϰǳԲҲ᲻óԣ
û˵ţûζԿԳųԣҲأӵƽȥζܺãĪƷɵȻͷǻȥչͷɣҪǿԵĻȥ
Сɰȥû⣬ֻȷӾܳҪҪһЩȻһҪǲ˷𣿡ĪСȰš
ĪƷһУİɣǻͷϸһţĳԷⶫѵã˵õţ⣿԰ҾòһЩͷûˣ
ĪСٶţûʲô뷨ûԹֻǿĪƷô֣ҲĪƷ˵ܹӦö࣬Ȼţûţ⣬϶ԣܹ鲻˷˵ģôɣ
аɣǵȥһ㼸еĻ͵ջȥ֪ԸԸ⣡СɣҪ٣Īʡ
ôģţѵãҪǿԵĻȻǾһͷȥɣϾﻹôأҪǺóԵĻܲԼ԰ɣҲ͵˵ôĪƷɾǸ̰ĵġ
ĪӶһ£ʵҲЩԼĹŮˣҪ˵ʳ˼̻ҲڣǻǮִŵеģҲϹֻǿŲڼּҵˡ
ŮҲΪԼĪӾ͵аɣȥҪǲҧҧҲˣڵǲȱЩǮ
ĪƷ룬æĪӵţô԰ţĿ϶֪ôţǲҲһģҪǵĻЩˮôȻôȥ
ĪӻɫԣǼ۸ĻǱһЩһţʮģĪʶĽ˽ۣô˿ǵԼţȻˣ֮ǰ߷ţϵĺãȥһһӦúܿҪˣ˵ĻһͷҲġ
ţһڼۣʮһɽˣţȽأɱԺҲ߰˰ٽľҪɱõţˣЩţˮҲĪš
ţ˵ĺţˮⶫҲгԵģʲôţ֮ģŵ㽪ţӻţӵ㽴;ͲĻټӵƽȥζ͸ˣҪӷһ㣬ζرİ
ЩɹҲпųԵģȻۣζҲǺܲģнųԵģֻǽųԾ鷳һЩˣҲм򵥵ķӣýͣϾƣЩ˽ǹƤҶȵȵҩĽȥйʱٸˣƬ棬ǵζǼõģп̹ţⶳסҲʣеıģ̹Ҳرİ
ϲţӵҲȽ٣ţΪĪҪ͵ĪĶķݶϣҪţӣҲԸĪӶһ۸˵㣬Ͱ۾ͺã
ƽţʲôҲǱȽģΪ˵ţӣ˵ˣЩţˮûҪ
ĪæܾˣããҾʣȻˣţҲҪˡ
Īӻȥһ˵ĪƷһתĪӵţҿǿԶҪλ˵ȻţǮģҪͷţţܲܰʮһɣ
˼ţĻûĪƷôӣĪӶһͷţţʲôģ˼ֱӰˡ



һ ɶ
ּ֮ľһɶĪƷҲЩ˼Ƥ˭죬ĪƷɶĪӵţͶɣһ۶Ļ۸Ҳ̫󣬷ţǳҲ㣬л˰ҿ˵ˣţҲȻλ˵ôţǻţԲţⶳסĻҲͦôġ۸Ļܸܲλٽһҿ嶨۸֪Щ϶ȥġĪƷǼҪţҶˣ뵽һ̣ĸʲôƵţҶĪƷɾˮǰͺϲⶫ֪У޲öһȥ
ĪӵĪƷɣҲͬˣת˵µҪһȻʹӦˣ۸ҲĪ˵ָ˵ŪĪӶ˼ٽˡ
緹Īÿ⽣ĪӸĪƷɻӣֻĪСٳǵĶǹһǮһǮЩĪʮǮ
ĪƷ۸ֱզ࣬Сϵļ۸һ
ĪӵϰΪĪƷɵǮǱ˵ģ֮ǰһθտȥ緹˾ͳ߰ʮġ
߰ɣȥйĪӵ
ȥνĹȴ˱ڣҹļҶҪаȻʲô˶ͶģҪһЩٸЩ֪Ĵ˼ҲſԣٲҲҪйٸ֪Ĵ˼Ƽſԣ˭Ϲġ
ĪӾͷ˳ˣ֪أĪƷȴǵտүүǸǵҾܲڿֶɣҾòȻĻܲտүүæֻһӶѣҲ߰ģҲӰ첻ʲôһǱҲȥݷõֻǿǵʱ䲻㣬ǸСܵĴ˼ңˣûˣҲԥˣϵϰɡ
ĪСҲЩԥˣ磬ðɣԭҲûŰݷãΪȥݷãⲻ𣿡
ĪƷ룬ĪӣĲʶʲôҾãʵǲУʶͷ֮ҲаǸǮ˰æ
ĪƷɵӣֱӾĪӾܾˣĪӵСɣ˸˵ĽǿǮģǵôĵˣҵͷ֮ĪҲϤɲȥ㣬Ҳôȥˡ
ҿȥݷðɣ˵˾ҲûտݷùҲãĪС룬ĪӣܾףϾĪӲǺǱҲǱտҿȻ˵ĻĪӹҪݷһ±ȽϺãֻĪӵĹ̫ࡣ
ĪСپ͵ֻҪľͺãڱô룬Ǳ˵£տĿҪȥģĺã
Ī룬Уǵʹȥտôˡ
СɣС٣ֻǵʹ˵زǾÿ𣿡ĪһǣȻ˺ܶ࣬ǸտҵĹϵôãǲӦðݷүӣԻĪƷ׼˼ֻˮѼмѼë
˵ҲĪƷ֮ǰĪôĲƥĪӲҲտүҲѼëĪƷɼģöѾˣҪҪҪҲֵˣ
ΪʲôĪƷɻô˵ΪİϵˣȥԴһ£һӾͷˣⶫһþ֪ûˡ
ȻĪӻĪƷķĸӣû취Īһز˰죬زУԼеĺ⼸ԼҾŮޣǲͶҽĶȻϵΣŮ˵ĶԣȻƲϵΣǶðǮǿ϶ȲϣҪȶãǻȲϵĻҲûа취ˡ
һΨһԣٱ𴦿϶û
Ҳ˵Ǽزɸ˵Ĳһȥеط򲻣տҲ˵ˣѼëͦ𣿻ǼҶ˵տҲҪտȥĪƷɶԼĶǺĵġ
ĪСٵûĪƷôˣ磬Ȼô˵ǵĶȷʵǲۣЩʲôɣ
ĪƷȴͬĲ㹻ҾЩϵεı⼸ͺã
ĪƷдʣҪöǣöʶ𣿷ǲʶģĪƷ˵Լʶ治ǰϹǰȻǲѧˣѧûõļӦѧԵŴΪɶһֱԲԲ۵ģΪ



һ ݷ
ּ֮ľһ°ݷһﶮĿƵĶˣ˵ѧʲôϵȵ̨ʲôīʲôǺ֮ģҪ˼һŲ
⣿𣿡ĪӻǾ׵
ĪСپ͵磬һǾģȻ͹ǵҲԵ̫Щ
ĪƷ룬Ҳǣ˭ϼֻˮѼ˵Ŷ͵ļ
ĪƷŲĪӾ͸ĪСС٣˵ЩʲôȥأöҲȷʵǲʶտүӵϲãҲ
ȻЩɣǱȽϵεĸУҾþͲˣҪķıĪƷɻĳ⡣
ĪСٵҾûķıɣⶫʵãҲ̫ģҲõģеȵģҲһҪտϲãҲԸã
ĪС⻰˵еȵıīֽһҲҪϰӣĪӸЩۣңҺãҺԼҲЩǮôҲ𰡣
ķıĪտݷãտԺѧԺķӻģסĶһЩˣԼһЩٹˡ
һЩ̻ҲϣסΪԺһķΧŨ񣬻徻ȫҲõģúܵѬգҪҸ˰ŲϰΣܶࡣ
Īʱտ·ڣ˵ĪݷãЩ죬ùܼҰ˴ȥ
տүүСӽͻǰݷã֪Ƿտүү徻Īֵ
ĪƷɸĪСҲվĪƷɿٵĴһտ·һͷ׵ͷɫ𪣬ͷߣ˱Ƚ֣ʱºе룬ŵͦͰģ
ᣬﻹݣҲˣտ·ĪӵͦģʣôڸĶ𣿡
е¾͹ˣĪӲ˼ĺȻĪƷɸĪС٣СӵĶӣϴĪƷɣ϶ĪԳ٣СɣС٣캰ˣ
տãĪƷɸĪСٺܶµĵ
ããտ·´ĪƷɸĪСһʵɽѧˣ
ˣҸܵܶ˽ӾͶĪƷɵ
ѧѧûУտ·Ϊʦëˡ
ĪСٸĪƷɾͬʱж
ãտ̫үүǡ鹫ƪѧɣտ·˵ͷŵС٣㱳һ£
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ȻĪСپͽŵ鹫ƪ鹫ʿӾβ󡭡
տ·þһȴɫĪСٷˣֿĪС٣ԻɣҲҲʹϺ⣿
⻰˼ǡĪСˣɵľͰѻ˳
տ·˶Щ죺󣿡
ʮ꣡ĪСٵ
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ԣտ·оţĪӣӣĪԳټ㿪ʼѧϰ˽֮ǰʲô
С꿪ʼҶ飬֮ǰѧǧģ̶ϣټգ־ĪӴ֪ԼĶӴ
տ·˵ףתĪƷɣڳѧѧʲô
ӹǣĪƷɴ
ãӹѧĸұһ飡տ·
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ǣ֮ν˼ǡĪƷɿʼһķ롣
ʵҪ˵㶫ĪƷɸĪСٲʲô£ŴǽǿӲĪƷɴִȻǲһˣÿν¿ΣĪƷɶҪĪӲϰ˼ٱЧʸߺܶ࣬ĪСҲĪƷӰ˶ôѧġ
ĪСٵļĪƷɵĺãڶ鷽츳ϾĪƷˣΪĪƷɵķЧҲѧ׷Ĳûϵȼ鱾üǶˣȻͷˣ͸ˡ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ°ŶĪҲĪƷɵտʼ˵ĪƷɲ߾ˣĪƷ˵ļǣǵΣ°빦ҾСֻǼȽǿô֪Сⲻأⲻˣ׻ܱĺüǣԺľˣһϣСӱܸأ
ĪڶĪСܡĪʫӨĪСҲͬĽѧ취ĪҲ֪ԼҵĺӱȽϴЧҵĺ;öǶ˵ϣ
տ·ĪƷһЩģ֮ʵһЩǶһЩ۵ʲô뷨ʲôĪƷԺĪС١
Īվڱϲ֪տ·⻹ǲ⣬տ·ˣͦġ
տ·ĪӵӰӣԼô
ĪӾЩǫˣСɸСپЩСʵǺ޶۵ģҪŬǣ
⻰ǫˣտ·ҲǸӵӣ͵ӣҿʶǸС϶ʵûˣûǶ飿ôõʣֻ˽Ӷ飬ѧЩ򵥵֮ҲԺʲôϢ
ⲻ֪ҪϽǻ飬ҪύʣҪˣոմľ˽̶ֻ̳ӲѹĪ⺢ӿžЩظ
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Ƕ飿ĪĿ࣬һӲת
ǣ㿴գСɸСٵ˽ȴֻܽأǶʵĺúӣϣֻܵǵĺʣտ·ĳĵ
տ·Ҳ֪ͦģһʱԶģտ·ֻҵһ飬Կһ£
տ·תĪʱָģӸղŵĽ̵״̬һлھӼҵүүͰס
ղű˵ĪСˣĪƷɶһѺտ·ǰЩţҲտ·ףֻʦ״̬ʱһ飬η
տ·ĪһδʲôĪʲôҪæ
ĪӾЩˣϾղտ·˵϶ЩӣҪǸտ·ԼֻΪ򼸸ˣ֪үӻ᲻أ
ĪӿɲүӣЩϲ̨֧֧ĵҲûʲôǣǼ˸ջ򼸸ˣĪ˵úġ
տ·ûΪʲô˽鲻˵͵ʲôѣ˵ıѣͲҪ̫񣡡
ãģģллտүүĪӵȻ󿴵ϷŵİûүæտүүЩҵһСС⣬տүүҪĪЩ
տ·ûЩãǸʲôҸող˵ˣıѣǿͷӣǾͷӵƷо
տүүᣬ˼ЩԼһЩϴչˣСԱԼл⣬ֻЩԼҵĶֻϣտүүҪ⣡Īæ
Ǿ°ɣտ·չ¶ЦգҲ񣬽ӹĪϵİ򿪣ʲô
Ƿĸӣϵʱһȣͦθģʳѵʱ򣬺ЩȽϿθĪӽܵ
ȻĪЩ˼ԼѼˮѼıҲܰԣǲ֪ϲĿζ
տ·ЦˣˮѼһ֪ıҲи˵ҳԵˣ
տ·ûĪȶ˵㣬ֻ˵ѼëʱĪӵﻹЩƣ·ѼëģǰûǮѼëѣ淢Ѽëᱡ˵Ҳ޷ůͲ֪Ƿ񴩵ϰߣ
ĪЩˡ
տ·ȴǵӣˣ̫ˣ͵һƬ⣬жû͵ЩʵõģҺϲò˼
տ·ָķıԼҾˣĸȥ˰ɣϹǮ
Īٶ˵䣬տ·ͱʾԭĶҪˣĪԺԼģϲˡ
տ·ҿı˵ҵСԺ⾳ʲôʱʱҲȥס죡
ʵտ·Ҫסף˵⻰ʾĪӵǰˡ
ʱտ·˷Īһ÷ĪƷɸĪСٺܺͰף˲㣬һһһ黹һΧ塣
ģտ·ҲûʲôãûʦҲûš



һ 
ּ֮ľһտ·͸ĪӵһĪӵֻкܴĽռ䣬Īӻȥúõ
ͬʱҲĪ˵ҪĪƷ˵ǣҲԽԽãʹǾѧЩԿȻǶ鷽ܸϣأĪһҪ翼Ǻã
Īʲôѣ
տĪӶĪƷɵƷɣֱӰķıĺ𣿡տ·ô˵ˡ
ĪƷȴʲôõģİɵտ̫үүģҸ
ͬʱտ·ӹܼ֪Īվķıˣģֻǿķıϵдţտ̫үүһƬ⣬²Ϊ
տ·̲סЦС龫նˣȴ˻
տ·̲סֹӦǸİɣоǸСıȽϹأûĵô󣡡
ûտ·ϳɾȻĪƷɾԼоֹ񣬿տ·һӾͿĪƷɵĵģ
صջʱĪƷҲûھֵˣҲδʱˣ
һ˯ĪҵչͷҹˣȴûƼ˵˵һ£չͷû·ӡ
ĪƷ뵽ģĪƷɾչͷȻ·ڣ̶ĿջУǿ϶ʶһЩˡ
˵չͷǿ԰æĪӻ˶ӣõ˸ʸ
֮ǰѾˣҪˣҪһеģһŮģȻк˵ССȻһЩػιģҲҪҪеģȻҪŮģŮĲҪúÿģҪɫͨģҪ긾Ů
СͿҪСһģʮ굽ʮ궼ԣļһ¾ûôҪˣֻҪպþˡ
Щ⣬ʲôˣҪƷãȽûʲôۣһҪڿ죬ɾģʵֵģ
ÿ׷ĲһĪҶҪƽƽǮûҪѿջĶãҪǮڶĪҶ˵֪㳣ںʲˣ
Ҫ˵ʱʵڿ죬֣˻治٣Īֻܿʼɸѡ
ĪǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫ򵽺ʵˣջԶ֮ǰȥسǵľһǣĪӴһǧӣֱϣĪӷŵСͷģԼһЩճĻøӣĪƷɸĪСϵǮǴͷģΪԷһӲע⡣
־һɸѡʣ²ˣ¾ѡˡ
ĪƷ룬¶ҲҪԸĺã͵ǻȥҪģǼ޷һǹƶûĵطǳƫƧҲܲãûˮϴ裬ҪϴֻԼȥϪұˮϴԵķҲֻͷһͣԱǲܵģܰ뱥Ļîʱ𣬺ʱϢͣЪǲԸȥվȥɣ
ĪƷ⻰޴৵һºܶ˶ˣҲǴɣʣµĪҪһġ
ĪˣĪƷһ£ͶԹ˵Ǿɣ
ĪûѡƹƹĻĪƷǾûˣֻҪԼϣʲô
ĪûͬģûԼŷģϾ漰Ǯأ
˶ˣĪҲûϴߣ鲻ô򵥵ģҪǩԼλҪȥٸǹӡ˹ڹٸĵһʡ
Ҫ˵иô˲У˶ĺʲô⣬ҵͷϣڹٸģֻǶ˿ĹȥͨϵԼܸ㶨ˡ
ѡˣǩԼϾͿȥѹˡ
Īӳʱ̲סĪƷɻĪСٸпѹտһֱ˵Ҫ˻ǵĹǲԭΪҪ˵Ҫܸأ˭֪һҾ͸㶨ˣ
ǰ⸮ǵĹǹģղŹЩ˽ʱһƬŵˣĪƷıŵˣ֪Ŵ˿ܲⱣôֱ۵ĳǵһΣ𺳵ĸоǿеġ
ĪƷŵˣһңҺԼֻǸŮװѣ׻һţȻظЩɻۻеģʲôŮ̬ȻǺܻġ
ĪСĬĬĲ˵ҲЩͦģȻĪĻ˵ģЩһԭǸǸĹŮŮӣӶˣĪСʱ;糬



һһ Ѫ
ּ֮ľһһѪǰˣֻþˡ
ĪӾ͵СɣС٣ǵŽȽȥ֣ٻؿջɣˣȥϢ
ĪƷϵ۲ۣǻǹְɣ
ۣĪƷɵĻ䣬һ죬ûĪƷĪʲôأĪӾ͸æץԼӣŲǵȻϰΪȻİ·óʹ۷˱ܱߺѲУ˵
ȻĪƷɸĪСپͼʶһŴԱŵųǰǰܣɢȺά򣬺һţ߼ʮһ࣬վŷֱվˣϵķβˣǻķΣڻĸ̧ӵˣڽӺͬĸ̧ӵˣٺ滹ĸš
ĪƷ֪ڵȼɭϵʱǲܶ˵ģɨһȦϵͷʡ鷳
ĸ߹ĪƷʱĪƷɵŵĶˣʱȴһŮ˵ߺ֣ΪѲˣֻ̰̰½ҼҲָʹݺ½Ҽ㲻ú찡ô
⻰δ£ֻһĪƷʶ̧ͷȻ͵һ飬ֻӣһյǰѪĵʣ
ĪƷһ˲䣬ȶˣʶķסĪӸĪС٣ĪӸĪСȻȷɱĪƷ򶨶ˣϺģȴץסĪƷɵ֣
ϲҲŵˣʱʱ˸ӳײѲ๼ĪҪٺԳײԱ۴ֺֻ
Ϊ仰һʱֵѻȸڵ϶ļž
ĪƷֻµһĻϽȥЩ˸ϽߣȻȻСۿ޵ĪƷɵ͵һᣬֻͨһ漴
ϵİĶˣŮҲɵϽѺӵ͸ס˰ͷʲôã
Ǳϵһ׳Ӧܿ죬ס˺ӵ죬ҪСĵıܿСıӣԿĴǣ⸾޴дС£ȥúýѵ
ۿһҪ߹Χ˶ģʱӽﴫһϸſĺΰԭˣ
ǻͣ½ŲǰУ˽˷ǰУֵѻȸĪƷǴҴ
ֱ鶼ԶˣֿʼĪƷɲŴһĪӵʵСɣû°ɣ
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Ӱôô벻أ½ҿɾʣһѽ˲ĴҴҵĸո֣߳ϵ̯Ѫҿ洫һ
ȻһȰ⣺ūŻʬ޺Ҳûʲôã˰˲ǣ
Ȼ˲ҶֱͣӻصջǹŴϢҲͦģܿ˰֮ǰһĻˣǵ˿ջʱ򣬿ջѾˡ
߽ջʱƹأλ͹٣ǿջ·ɡʲô˽ܻ˽˵ɺãۣ֮ͥǶǻǶǶã
⻰һ˵ɫʱһ䣬һ˲ջָһƬž漴ָֻֻĵĻⲻ֮ǰǸˡ
չͷҲڿջĴĪӣһкĪ黹˳𣿡
Īǿ񣺡лչͷİæĻ˳ȥﶨ˹Ϳˣ
Īˣ˳ͺãչͷ
Īӹ֣չͷЩʣǻͷĿɺã
չͷŷĪɫЩ԰ף뵽֮ǰ˵飬һͷĪԱ㣡
˵ţչͷҲĪ¥ȽĪӵķ䣬չͷŹĵʣĪѲֵʱ򣬿ǲСˣ
ĪӿЦŵͷչͷ
չͷĪƷɸĪСһۣµҲŵˣСɡС٣ӺһĻûʲôµģҪ¸һ㣡˵꣬ͶĪʾһ£ˣѿռˡ
ĪƷɶ֣죬ź
ĪĪƷɵ֣ĪƷɵ۾Сɣ£ûµģ
ĪСٵıֱĪƷгϢˣοĪƷɣ磬ˣʵûʲôµģҸأ£ûʲôµģ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ³ǣǣĪƷ˵ǿһò˵ĪƷɳľǽˣһһʣֻЩ𣬺ôֻǻǰȫģɽȴĪƷʶʲôݽ棬ʲôгϦ
ĪƷǰһʱִǷźݻΪ˵ǹɱˣŵ˶ǼٵģôһϢᶼҪȻˡ
ʲôɱ˷Żǲ˵ǰʱҪģһԱ˿ֹһĪƷǸʱŷ죬ٴĹ٣˵ȥɱˣΪʧһ޹ȥԱҪһΣͷ鵽ףϴ
ԺĪƷɼҲûʲôˣȥ˿ڣȫѾǩ˿͸һĳˣһĻֱǳˡ
ĪƷɳ˹ִˣСǸŮӣ¸ܲסܲһĻĳ˲ȫĸоһϦǿΣС
ĪƷɴû˿ѵʶŴȨƶµĿ£ԼӵһҪԣ
ĪСսĪƷɵ֣ĪƷɵ磬ûµģûµģң
ĪӽзԣֱԱ˷ĪƷɲ΢ղŵı֣Щ˼С٣ǲǺûã
ĪӸĪСȻ˵ûˣ˵Ҳˡ
ĪƷŵĪӣ֪׷ʲôǸŮ˵𣿡
ҲĪҡͷһ㡭ãĪѹ
漴ָֻǵ£
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ĪƷøڵǽŵĶҳˣˣˣ
ĪСٸæش𣺡磬𣿡
ţĪƷԼæӦĪСæƿţĪƷɵķš
ĪƷɱͷͰ͵ĿĪС٣С٣Ҳһ˯
ĪƷɸĪСٵĶĪˣĪӱҲӣһж͸ϽͿŮͰ͵ͷҪĪСһϢ
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Ī͵ƣŽͼĪƷͷǺĴţҲˣҪɱңȾң֣裬С٣Ⱦң֮ģּһӣ
ĪдʹСɣ££ˣ
磬ңСҲأҲ㣡ĪСҲڴߵ
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ĪƷɶʱҲ̲סˣ޵С٣ÿ£εǸǸ׷ʣΪʲôȻεҲײˣײˣˣȻе˶ŵҪɱңأ
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ĪӽıĪƷɣĪƷĪƷɵͷСɣҪŵȻֻǸˣҲ۸ģȻֻǸǵܱģΪ㣬ȥκƴ
ҲҪƴֻҪһ˺úõģƽƽģĪƷĪӵĻе˰ģ̲סͷ
ţãǶҪƽģ
ǻȥʦǹɣĪƷĵҲûϵǼǮòãܹˡ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ򲼺ãС˵뼸Ǿ뼸ĪӴӦúˬˣǮʵŮͿˣ
뼸ˣһǹľˣʱһѧʵƽ̯һ£ҲûǮĪƷͦ
ĪҲûĪƷɣһ֮˵һ˸ǲͬĸ˵һȺˣ
Īֻ޵ߵӦˣãĲĿԼҹŮСͻˣ
ĪСٱҲĪƷɵĵģһĪĳĪƷɣɶĵĻſھĿ࣬ŵ㼵ۺ죬ΪɶûôùСܳĶǴ磬ԼȻǼİɣ
һĪƷĪ˯ˣجҲûһĪС٣Ҳ֪ʲôʱĪӵļϣĪӰ§ţӡŮ˾໥˯һϡ
Ľǵڶϣᱳʹģ֮ĹϵȴһˣĪƷΣлǺأҲûĲҲܶࡣ
һ죬˵ͦصģϸȥãͰļؿջǼͨķ䣬䣬Ůһ䣬Ҳû
⼸˶ʵˣҲǻܣҪܣ鷳ĿɲǣǸ˵Ĺⲻǻ
ȻĪƷ˾ȥˣҪ˵Ǻܶණ󣬵ҲкܶණȽϱˣ˵ƥʣҲΪǿ߰ɣߵĺʲƷͦ˵ģһЩʸɻϵȵļ۸еȵĸɻ۸һˣĪƷɶʱķģʽ
˹ģ򣬴ȥƯ򣬴ȥСôƯľӣ򣬴ȥ׵ģÿ컻һʮ첻ģƯӣãҲҪ
ĪĪƷɼĪСٵζؿջֻǡ
ڲƥʲƷĪƷҲṵ̂ĵļһʲƷһһʲƷҲǲռռطʲôϲˡȹҲһѡ
أϵȵ˿ĪƷɵû򣬵ĪƷɾ˲ˣɫļӴͦƯģԸȥѣɫµţɫĴ˿˿ɫģţʱһã
ɫģţ·ϺڵģţŹɫĳУ˧ĵܵá
Ȼ޲ˣ޲ĪƷ΢Щƣ֮˵΢ЩԶԵģʵǺܷġ
еȵ޲ɫÿǸɫƯӴ۵ɫʺʫӨѾͷɫ޲ѧӷɫĺͦʺϼƵģſ϶Ӣ
Ϻõ޲ĪƷɾûˣɫͿˣһ˶ʮƥô
ĪƷɲ򣬻ɱۣϰ壬ô˧һǳĺãô࣬ǱЩ£
Сӻ˵ֻ۸ѾܵˣϰȻûĪƷɵԻԻ
ϰ壬ǵȻ֪Ķˣֻô࣬ڸŻһЩɣ֪ôӢ˧һҲǸ󷽵˵ģĪƷɲ˵źûΪõһͼۣĪƷҲƴˣɶûϰϰ
ĪӿĿɿڴĪСشⳤúںģľͷƵƹĵĪƷ˵һŵˣ
ϰû˻˵ˣ϶Ц˻ȻĪƷ߆°죬ܲסϰð˿ڣ㿴Ҫ٣
ϰ壬ǸʵˣͿ˾֪ˣ͸ҸͼۣĪƷ˵úܺˬ
ϰһ£ָĪƷЩƥͶн˽ۡ
ĪƷ£он۵Ŀռģϵϰ壬вУٸһЩƷԼĻԼĺԥҲûۣ
ϰȻҲûĪƷɵ˵㻰û취ð˭Сӻʶ飺ǴֲڵƤУӢǷıأ
ϰаСӣ۸ҶҪģ
ϰˣϰˣϰ壬ģҲһϰôŻݣһͷȥ˵ˣҲˣô಼ƥһҿ϶ʱҪʲôһЩ൱ڻǮأǲǣٸһЩĪƷЦеĵ
߿ӴƣϰҲǸĪƷĥòˣУУС˵㻰ͳŵ´λҵ򣬾Ͱ˵ļˣСӿɲܸ˵Ȼ۸ǲ׬Ǯģ



һ ԰
ּ֮ľһ¶԰ĪƷЦеĵϰģ϶ᣡ
ĪƷۣȥϻسǸ۸һصĲԼӶھֵķãĪƷɺȻһ
ϰ˰ѶǰˣĪƷɾִյϰǰϰϰ壬һ⣬ֻиͷ죬ϰ壬㿴ҪĻܸ͵ļ۸Ƕ٣
ϰȻҲ֪ĪƷǺģҲûĪƷ˵æĻ£ĪƷôʣȻˡ
ϰ岻ĪƷ·ԼСӣҸ۸Ѿ͵ˣûٵ͵ˣ
ĪƷҡͷϰ壬Ȼҵļ۸ǵͣԹۣ˵ĵ׼ۣϰ壬Ҹ׻٣Ժܳ߸ҵļ۸ʣԸţͷֻҪģ͸ͼۣ˰ѶߣȻˣô
ϰԵˣһ£СӣҲ˵ʵ۾ǽˣһǲٸˣԺǽĻڵҾ͸͵˵ţϰ˸ƣȻܽ屶ٸŻٶûˣ
ĪƷصûôˣչһЦݣллϰ壬ҪǿԵĻҪúõĺϼһ£ϾǲĻҾֻͨھ֣ɣҸԸţҪ˵ǧɽˮ飬һвУǵðˣ
ϰĪƷ˵֣µģҲûЦĵУҵŸĺⰵţϰøĪƷһ˼ϸ룬ͦеģ̫ˣ
ĪƷɲ˶̸һ⣬Ȼһⵥ⡣
ĪЩ֣ȳ˲ׯĪƷɣСɣ𣿡
ҲҾÿүүĪƷɴ𣬱ϾٵôߣģϣҪǼ۸㹻͵Ļеǿġ
ʵϰо仰û˵Ҳׯߵıƽ·ߣרľ͵ƽ⣬Լ۸Ͳߣڸǵİܺá
ĪƷٸϰ彲ļ۸Ļ͸оɲؾ͸ˣھֵÿ˳·Ǵƥȫ
Ψһõһɫĸ·棬ûа취Ҳûа취ˣĪƷɾͷϼƿԿˣԺòׯϰŪһ壬źöǣ
үүүү𣿡Īܾá
԰ǻȥүүʵҪүүҪչͷҪǰæҪǮĪƷɵ
ҪҪȥƷ꿴ûʲôöﻹô㣡ĪƷɵҲ֪ƷǹǱˣҪǱˣĪƷɶÿԶһЩ
УĪﵹһŮҲôˣûһԼĶͷûУţĪӶĪƷˡ
ĪӴĪƷһҼ۸ȽϹģҲƽƷ꣬ҵҲ֮Ķ۸治󣬱ϱһЩûƥʲƷļ۸ô࣬һĲۡ
ʽ෽϶Ǳ϶ģҺųɫҲϣǼҵá
ĪƷɸһ֧һˮεĶ׹ĪʫӨһͷϵΣʽģһλһ
ĪԼһΣʼǮʮӣһտģĪƷɿ˿ͦƯġ
ĪƷɲɵЩ֣룬ҲĪҲְһɣ
ȻЩƷ൱ĪӸġ
ƷĪƷĪСܻĪСмƸΪкӾûﰡ
кӵҪҲѣҪҲ򵥣ĪСܴһĪƷɷĪСܵдĻҲͦϲдֵģԸĪСܴһĪСһɰߣƴһʷǣ˵ڼҲģʶ֣͸һԵ飻ǻͷЬǻͷЬĻͷԵģرĿɰ
ٵջǰĪƷɺȻ뵽ȻţǶһͷɣȥʵǲУǻԼԣ˰
ĪεֻŮ˼ȥ죬ĪҲ˵ˣҲ֪ûڣҪûڣҲû취ˣ
ĪƷЩĵţллȥҿ£
Īˣ˵ڣĪӾ͸ԷֶඨһͷţиʱҪǮռ˵Ů˲𰡣



һ ·
ּ֮ľһ¸·ͷţĪʮӡ
صջİ˸ѾʰˣҲҳȥأЩӣЩϻƣеʮŮĶʮƤģʮػιڵģʮɻ긾Ůʮ
ܹһٰʮҪǿ䣬ǳԷܹҪһٰʮǲ·Ǯġ
·ĪƷɾ뵽˹ˣôˣٳҲȫЩѴͷΧȹΧţһ˿ͳһ־
ĪƷɻǲһ˯ĪƷɸĪС˯Īڿͷ̣Ϊ¶ĪƷɻ䷿ǮĪȥ䷿ˡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ飬һĪƷûجˡ
ڶϣ˾ѾװˣʱѾԹ緹档
ȳ˳ţˣһ·ĿβֹǣԵſڵʱѾвվڳſŶˣȵŻ򿪣ҿʼǣ
չͷ˿ЩĻͷѩ´ѩԸĪһ£Ǽ۸·
ϵĪƷɵĲ˵˯ˣ̫ˣȻ·ǺܺߵģȱɰҪװϵɣǾˣϢ
ȻˣĪƷͦģɲû뵽Ͼôطô˯ȶҪȥ˯ǻ
ʱںӱЪϢģˮļĳѾʼˣֳչͷʦȥԣſܲײһֻ˵治һֻһֻӡ
˵Ӻգֱڳ⣬ֱȽܵĵζƷеģٰİͷˣҲʢˡ
ĪƷɺһ뼦ůͶˡ
緹΢Ϣ˻ҪǿĪƷɵ˸ճ극ټ۸·Ļ³̫˷ˡ
ӣ˳ָķԽĴˣεú죬ĪƷǿ̧ӣƿ˿ҲĿ¡
ʵĪƷ˻ˣϾϣܶжţ˾ͲˣǹŴĻŴĻɶʵǰ峵һ壬ӣûڵĳȿֿػ
չͷҲǵԷܲסĪӵ£ѲƥΧıߣŪһ͵ģ޻ô΢ͷȻôҲ޻
չͷ۸·Ľʱʱڸ·춼ˣͲһҪֲָˣԽˡ
չͷﵹǰиС򣬿ԽȥЪϢ
ų·ԸЩ·ϵСҲϤܿһҳסĿջȥˡ
Ӵչͷˣ룬Ҫ䷿䣿СȻչͷϤ
չͷ߶˷ʳ
ĪƷջߴߣ￴Ų󣬲ǶģҲ֪ǲΪǷ㣬ûʲôˡ
ĪƷɹŴأСľײˣĪƷʶľ͵ǸԲ𣬶Բ𣡡
㳤û۾ײˣûһѵ
С񣬲񣡡һͱȽϵ
ĪƷɶһԼײǸˣһ˲֣ƫݣǱȽԲЦ⣻ѵһˣõǻУٶҪ˵ÿҲûУȻѵˣĪƷȷʵ̬Ҳܺã˼˼ҹŴջ
ӣһջʲôôģֱӵĵ
С񣬵ǸѵЩˡ
ˣŲ鲻ԸĵԲ𣡡
ȻŶĪƷЦЦСӱ⣬ûʲô˼ͻ˵㣡
ûµģϲҲ˼ǣϲ㲻ҪɣĪƷɻ治⣬ӡ󲻺þˡ
û£û˰ڰ֡
ĪӸĪСٱѾϵųԷˣĪƷæΧСɣôˣ
ûʲôײλˣĪƷЦЦҲ߳ջˡ
ĪƷҲû¶ϡ
һ·۸·Եڶ糽ʱĩʱͽ˹أսأͿʼƮ˶ëѩ
δʱ̾ѾĪҴˣ֪뵽û·ˣҲûͣЪһֱ·
˺ĶȥĪӾ͸չͷˣܹʮӣҪ˳·۸²
ĪӱչͷЪϢģչͷһ֣ŴѩͷҲ֪᲻ѩɽԼǸϽ·ȥĺã



һ 
ּ֮ľһ¹ĪҲͲٿչͷԼһ
֪ûԷæ緹ɼ˽ӣǴ½ӵģǸմӳĪƷɱʾҲԽӣҪǷĻȻɣ棡
ô᲻ӦأĪӸĪС٣С٣ҪʲôҪĻһ
Ҳ棡ĪСٵ
ĪҲñӣȽ棬嵭档
żĶĳӿɲ֪Ҳȷʵ࣬ĪƷҲûӰæˣӺɫĵˣɣ
ҿɲʲôˣôңƺŵֱҡ֡
⻰һ˵˶Щ޴ĪƷæƺͷ˵ȥɣðɣĪƷҲЩҪô˵ķʳˣԼȻʶȤĪƷҲ˳ˮˡ
˵۸óɣĪƷɵ
ȻǲҲû٣þ񲻴ãȥɣҲͦģ
ô˵ķأֲֻҸеܵܣûµģȻĪƷɸӵ壬һ£
СĪҪôӦõģæ
躣ҲҲÿӦģ˵ţȥ˳ˡ
躣ղȻʱݣҲֻǼ򵥵棬нζǲģÿ˵ﻹһɰ඼ܺá
棬躣˾ʱڼסˣĪƷҲȥ˯ˣĶ٣Ҳûţ˯ʱ΢һ£ˣ˯ͷŮ˯һͷ֮ǰһ
ʼĪĶЩ죺ôôࣿ
ڼﻹиƸĪСܰæ𿴼ưףСŰѶǲƥͷһӣģ֪ĪƷ˶٣ȻЩƷ˵ϲˡȹʲôҲһӣͷţֱӸԺҲûԺＦʺѼʺģʺģһζտʼĪҶǱ߷ʳʲôģֲУԵĶоζ͸Żˣͷռˡ
һһģͷĶռϣˣҲԺʵ̫ˡ
ܱ߹Ūӵܶ㣬֪ĻΪǷأ
ֱӸͷţһˣЩӰ˵ģܲӻŵĶӻţΪӻĵطʵޣŸͷŲȥ
޻ֱҵķˣȻûطˣͷѾˣŲȥˡ
ĪСܸƻĪСĪʫӨµķĪƷ˵ĸ͵ĪҶܿģĪʫӨø·ͣҪõͷͷΣٴƯ˸첲¶ĸ첲ӣĵҲҪϣ
ö̲סĪʫӨСӣôôأ
ĪʫӨӶŤ黨ʫӨûгأ
øĥĲУϵ䣺ããʫӨûûȴ̲סЦ⺢ӣ
ĪʫӨˣһźÿ
ĪƷɸӣȻľͷģȴҲƯ֣ĪƷҲͦģҲϲ˵ĪӸͷΣһ׵ģøϲСĸţȻϺӣȻЩĪôһǮأۣ
Ķûϣȴ̲סϾⶫÿÿȴľͷģûѹС
ƽӹĪƷɸʷǵʱ£û뵽Ҳⶫȷʵͦϲģڸһ൱ﶼȥȻڴæһߣǻģϲĪƷɸĲ˹ģ˵ҡˣͷЬҲϲڻͲˣֵϿ¶С죺ϲϲƯ괩ȻĪʫӨȵסСȴ֪öҪŹ괩
ðѻͷЬãĿãǹ괩С涮£СԴſޣʱЦۣ
ĪСܶĪƷɸҲϲȻʲôдģȴҲһ鷨õдģֿŴ磬ĪСܺϲ
ĪСҲϡĪƷɸɰ尡û²ƴ
Ϣһ磬Ҳû˺˭ô˯ȻѣˣҲûʲôһ࣬Ȼ󳴸ײˣְѽŪɼȣ֮ǰþ



һ ũҿջ
ּ֮ľһũҿջżЩҲһٳԵģþ뵽⡣
ؼҺĵڶ죬ĪƷɸĪСپȥϿˣؼҵ磬ЪˣȻûȥѧˣʹˣ˻˵͵κ֢Ͽ
ĪϾæˣȥӡˢһҲŹȥ·ϸĪ˵һڵʱӡˢڼ顣
ӡˢٿ߰ͲˣΪҲˣӡҲ˲ȥⶫûˣ˵ʲôȵڶףڵӡȾϾȲִʹִܱܲһ궼ǸأοŴ
һ˻Ҫˡ
ӡˢ൹Ϊԭ򣬵ʱˣǮϵĻǶ죬Ǽ۸ȴǱ֮ǰˣҲǣͼۣȻɻ࣬㰡Ҫҵɻ˲Ҫ̫ˡ
ҲĪƷɻĪҶѹۣΪ˸ʱƥ̫ˣˣ
Ҫûɲúˣȥˡ
ҿڶɻȴǴĶźиɻҪĻñ˵ĪҶɵҲҪǼۣ˵ˣĪƷؾ͹ȥ
֮ǰӡˢʱͿǵҪӡˣڵīˮ׸ɣдֵʱ򻹻ī˳ֲڣȵȵ⣬ӡˢʱЩ͸ˣԵʱֱݳ޵Ľ˵ȵʼʱ򣬲ΪԱĹЧʻī⣬ֱӾ˵
ҪĲҲֱҴԻʵģʱĻˣԹǮ͵ʵܺʹҲкܶϾڼﶼ᲻ôջ𣬰˵Ļ˵ǣ洩װ䣬֪ůͣȻˣ⻰ҲЩ΢Ŀš
ЩͲùʱһ㣬Ƕ䡰ů
ĪͷӡˢƹܵͦģڹĪĪĪӻҲˣӣɶʱģ
ģô͹ˣĪʵ
ǿɲڿϴס䣬Ҿ͹ˣĪ
һΣĪҲиڴĪӸñӣ˵Ƥñӣ滹һëžů͡
Īñرĸˣϻ̲סԵĵզǮأⲻǰϹ𣿡
զͰϹˣҵĶֻҪõϣǾֵĪҲ˵ˣ˵ⶫůˣ
Īͷͦů͵ģ
ȥ˿ĪӾͻˣûмһżЩȥ˿ջջкܶණûŪҪЩҲҪϤһ¿ջҵʱŲæҵġ
ĺôԶ׼ģȻջҪıʲôĶˣǴҵ·ĪҶ˵ģҪõ·ûأӣԼŮģһ𣬸òĲò·ķ·޻ģЬģæˡ
еҲûţ躣͸ˣСһ߱۸˵˳ʶ֣ͷɨŻĸֳŸôӦԣЬӣ߰ɽջιѼιȵȵĻơ
еһɵǶҪѧ֣ѧ򵥵ֻǵСҪѧĸͨһЩ
ǶЩ˵ʶȴһǳѵõ飬ǺϧĻᡣ
˶ڴȫ£ĪҶĿջ׼ϣֻȿҵգ˵ҲɣվĪƷɸĪСٷżٵһ졣
ĪҿջҲˣĪƷɸģ򵥴ֱũҿջûа㻨ڣ
˶˼Ҷʲôſջɽջ֮ĺģߴϵ֣ĪƷ飬Ͷũҿջ֡
ĪǸŮ޶ȵļһȻҲֲզأ޵ߵľͬˡ
ʵĪƷļ򵥣ջ͸ǰũһԸɴũҿջҪӭǹζ
ˣԭĪƷɽмѵģǼʵǿȥĪƷɹһЩֱӽֹˣѵ˿ԣģĪƷ˵ʲôԭ֮ģȴǲͬҪҲҪʲôˣǰɣʲôԭԵ⡣
ֱӹ˵ˣҪ鷳ǾͰԼװͨһ㣬ԽͨԽãҪ²˿ԣҲЩһЩǵģǲģʱСһ̬ȱ΢һ㣬Ҫ¶ˣǵģǶԣȻųͷҲǲģǲ˼ˣʱҪรˣ



һ ҵ󼪣
ּ֮ľһ¿ҵ󼪣ȻˣѣΪ˼ҲȥǣܿǲԷҲᾡܵİǣȥӺǡ
߲˸Ʒ⣬ĪҶҲˣΪ֪жˣĪƷ֮ǰʲôʽһЩˣȷˣҪʲôˣֱֳɵҨˣٶַֿ㣻ڸտҵҲ֪᲻ԼƽʱͲãȷò͵һЩ
ȻĪƷ˸ǽĸÿγĶССһݣܳԱҲʡʱ䡣
ĪҶ϶ĲƷͰĪƷɵĽ鶨ִࣺСǽԼģȻǿˣ۸ˣȻǸǽ΢һЩľСˡ
ƷĻһЩũҳĲˣһЩĪҶԼеģ˵ĪƷָļȣˮѼӣ裻зĸӶȥҲǶ죬Ҫʱͺܿθˡ
طûЩЩļ۸񶼶΢һЩ
Ȼӵ¶ˣеĲƷÿ϶ҪӣûеĶһҪҪžһз׵ĿԣԷ涼Ҫǵˡ
ϾǰӸ⽻нӣΪ䣬õĽֱӷ涳ϣֻҪʵˣҪʱصģرķ㣬ĪƷɻ躣ߦߦ˶ϣҪԵʱֱ¹
Щ˾躣ˣĺôʲôܶˣҪԵʱãڸзʵࡣ
ˮѼӡӡЩǰããҪԣʱˮѼϹһֱտˮˣʱŵȥһˣӸ⽲˵
ĪƷɵӸоͦģԴҾͶˡ
⣬躣ݻЩǱߵĲƷôһҿջĲʽҲЩࡣ
躣⼸ͶϰǽСϰҲϰΪַһģҲǽÿССһݲˣϰһ£֪նζȡ
⼸죬ĪҶǽԵտʼҶúóԣԵ;ˣũҿջҲҵˡ
һҵıĪӽҿңĪҴ˵Ĺпҵˣ֪˶񣬱˵һӣһЩĪ
͵Īˣ͵ĪӾͻûգȴҳһٷʡõˡ
ҲûԽĲ˲࣬ĪϽȥ躣ǽÿһݸǽʣȻָϽĪСȥͲ˹
һ緹ԵĴ޲ڣջǿԵģҲóԣЩص˱ҪǮģĪӼͬ⡣
ĪƷ֮ǰʵ˿ŪҵŻݴĻֱӱpassˣȻƲִ֪еĶһĪƷ˵ľͲˡ
ƵǿջԲԶ·˴ҴµµҪĿ϶ģҲΪʡǮûбҪ˷ЩǮ
ȻĪӸҲͬ⣬ⲻǿ׬ߺȰϹô
ĪƷöҲͼƵԼܽܣ˼˵ҲеҲͲټ֣
صģ绹Էģһڣ˵˷Сһǽ
Ҳǿˣ
ũҿջĲֱӴĪҴ幺ģԼҲΪ˸ùϵԲ˲ˣֱ˼˵һˣ
֮ǰĪҶҲͳˣļʲôˣԸʵûвԸģʱͿΪˣڵĲ˿ԻǮܲ𣿶ʱҲûνũҩʱֻҪԷϴɾˣ˾ûг۵õģ
ȻÿĲ˶ǰһ˵ãĪȥ֪ͨˣڶϸ͵ũҿջĳȥˣ͸Ǯ
ũҿջƹĶˣʱĪӸĪΣҲ벻ˣĪӾȹſջĪƷӦɫһѡĪӵĻȶһҲֻĪǶˣܹ˵ͷ
ʱֵ̼̫ˣòиݣɲˡ
տ壬ôˣĪƷɾϲĿˣտã
СɺãտıЦˡ
տıĪƷɵԱһ£Ǽôϲ£տôܲأ˵ȥһȦôʲôû
ĪƷɲ˼Цţˣ
տıЦҲûɣСӣôʱ򣡡



һ ƶ
ּ֮ľһƶأտıʵ
ҵǱأտ壬տǿ룡ĪƷ˵ţ溰쿴˭ˣ
Ž쿪ҵȻ˵˳㣬ĪҶô᲻ģԽϲϵٵģ󣬳˼ƸҪչˣԾͰѼڼˡ
տıĵĪҶȻܸˣһͬԺҲ˶ʶˣһҲǵһθĪҶ˼档
Ī躣ȥ׼óԵģտıЪϢڼ￪ջķ䲻á
տıĲƴǣӦˡ
տıһĻǵĳ汣ڡ
տıĪӺúõĺһ٣ĵҲͦĵģк˵¶Īˡ
ȵʱʱһ̣ջ͹ˣĪƷɸǮ̾˿⣬һǮģɽ컨ȥ͵ģ˵ջȥľˣԼ׼ĸֶ
㲻Щ͵ĻȥҲģ˵ģ
ĪƷȴǿÿҲ̫ˣҪǼһǮĿ˲룬ǼҲǣȻ˻һٶǣҲɺܶ࣬ջľǻࡣЩʱǲǮģҲ͸ļһͰˣˣõʱ򣬻ǽڡ
ũҿջȻûйǮĪƷΪ˵ջ˵Ļԣ˽ƶȣҪĺãн˵׬ʲôģǾԲģ£ҲǵθӦǳ˵ǰ棬Ϊ˷ֹԺԹ
Ȼˣһõľûѡء
ʵЩҲнģֻֿԵһֶͣΪΪľϲЧɱֱӸ֪нЧã
˵ĪҶھúˣǲ˵ЯһݣһЩеҲҪȫˣ֮ǰĲƥĪƷþԼĸ˵ģүү̣Լүͺã˵ģͿøϴ첹õĪƷɿ᲻ôࡣ
ĪƷɵöģǸвסģͲͬ⣬ĪƷŸĸӡ
ڷֹҲ˵ˣĪƷɻ´оףѷֹŪϸˣͬʱҲǿԺһģæˣҶȥæϾջԺǾӪġ
˵ֹϸĵطҪҲǰ࣬˻ĶЩҲнġ
ûЩ벻Щģֻ벻Ҳû취
øĪƷһ˯ģԺøĪƷ˯˺üĪƷҲԼ˯ĪƷڼûôˣԽһ֮ĪƷɻԼ˯Ҳ˻ɡ
ũҿջصģÿһȽһ㣬ڿջűиС䣬иСų˺Ҳ
տıڶϾ͸ϱسˣǰĪƷɸĪСӴˡ
һϣϲĸҪˣ˵͵ʲôأ
·ûûõĻǸɴĺɫĲƥȥԼѵĺãĪƷɵһӦҪϣӺģԺɫĳĪƷɿûϲ죡
УڲʱҲܴĪӾⲻ
ҲⲻҲֻһƥ֪δֶϱϲʲôģȻͿһƥȻϵȵ޲Ҳһƥɣ´
ĪС磬ȻҲ㶫ɣ
ĪƷ룬ȷʵӦ
ԴԴĪ˸ӡˢԴپûȥͷˣϾǵطͦӵģҲ࣬ȻĲ٣ɶ
ȥһʼԴٹûǮӡˢԴҲæˣΪ˷㣬ֱסӡˢҲǰæܳӣҲû
ĪҴľˣĪƷɸĪСǸԴȻˣͷӦõġ
ֻҪʲôأĪƷЩա
ʲôʱ鰡ĪƷʡ
죡ô
ĪƷɾ͸ĪСٵС٣ϿʲôɣҶ֪Ҫʲôã
ţȥĪСٵ
Ǯ𣿡Ī˵ţԼͳӣ룬òԣʮӣ𣿡
ĪƷҲ־ͽ˹лл



һ 㻨Ǯ
ּ֮ľһ㻨ǮĪСپĬĬĲ˵ˣĬĬĸԼţȻʮӶ֪òõõһɴ鶼ǶԵġ
ĪƷڿɿʼԼĪС˽ǮˣĪӵģĪƷɶһһ룬ǵģĪƷɾ͵ˡ
ΪÿĪСٶĪӸǮݸĪƷɣ;ԼҲûʲôҪģǴҪãоȽȱǮҲ֪ôģ뷨
ĪƷɿɲ֪ĪСٵĵģͽţȻСܴ
Сһ￴Ҳۺ죬ֻЩĽĪƷɼˣˣڼԣˣҾǼҲӦҪ㻨ǮֶˡСܸСʫӨҲԼĽʸѣżҲԼĶ
ڼеҵףĪӴӦͦˬģ԰
Сһ۾ˣҲԼ㻨ǮȻǲ뻨ǮǮĸоĲһѵǰӣ
һж㻨ǮĪСæٵʣһԵģ
һµĻҲûʲôãʮİɣĪӵҲȻڣܹ˻ûһǧӣӡˢѾˣһƽ̯ÿҲǧӣʲôһ֣ǼڵĴˡ
Īӵ㰡Ҳ˵ӡˢĿǰǿԾӪȥģ㾭ӪȥǮͷЩӪ㲻ңڵһһǧӣһ㣬һһӣԼĻҲǴ´ġ
ĪȻҲͲ˼ĺˡ
ʮģĪС
ĪƷɿûĪôԭĳ躢ӣæȻܵÿ¶㻨ǮͻСǮǽҰɣСʫӨôСʮǲЩˣ
ĪƷ⻰һ˵ڣĪСĪʫӨ޾һҪ޸㿴ģίˣһؾôû
Īޣû£ʮİɣСʹЩͰʮİɣССÿµ㻨ǮġСȻûȥѧ飬ҲҪԼĻģСĻСˣ͸ʫӨһʮġ
˵꣬ĪӸ޽ͣСɸСѧö飬ȽϷѣԺҪȥ϶飬Ҳĵ㻨Ǯ
ĪƷɿɲ޵ģ飺ҪôҲУֻǮɴཻҰɣҸǼǸ˱ЩǮԺǴٸǣ˱أţǮҲ֪ĵطֻԿܣÿ¾͸ģðɣʮĵ㻨ǮˣСʱɲɴִŻõϰߣҪǱƭȥأ
ĪƷɱֻǮģ˿ĿŪҲûƢˣʱԼǲǹڿˣҲ͸ĳʮǮ
ĪʫӨĪСһ⻹ܽܣĪССģ˵ر磬㲻˵ҲҪܣҲҴţ
ĪʫӨҲĵ磬Ҳ㶼ʫӨţʫӨˣͷȴǮͿҪľˣǰӽһƯˣ
УǴţͷñǶЩľϻӣͷǵǮÿ˶˱ԺжǮԼҲĪƷӦ
ĪСҲ磬ҲҴŰɣڻû飬ҵǮҲôҴ
УĪӵ
ʶȤĵ壬ˣҲ㻨Ǯ֪֮Īҵĺӣ˼ҪǮأ
ũôãҲûũҺʲôĪǣѾ御ˣ
ƻܾ壬СҲˣҲûʲôõģ
Ƹ磬ô˵ģôûõģԺǿջ˵ԽԽ֣˵Ժ㻹ҪȢϱأǮǸøģȻǼˣͲҪ̫࣡ĪƷɵ
Ī˸ͷɱСƣ֪һֱúܲһʧҲûϵԺǼһӣҪǵԹ㵱Ӷûϵ㻨Ǯٲǣ
Ƹ磬ҪǲҪǾˣĪСҲ
ĪСƸ磬ﲻãҵǮðײã
Ȼ֪ĪСΪ˿οƣ⻰ĪӻԼһۣʲôвðײãĪ֣Ӱײӵĸо
ĪҴůȷʵͬƼһ㣬мµĸоʵԼĪҶĸо
ô˵ʱܸжҲ̲סۿǰûѪԵϵļˣƵݵ常ɲܶһݣ



һһ ĪС
ּ֮ľһһ»ĪСĪոͦ˵ģֻҲģСƣ㲻ңҲˣ㲻ٿһ𣿡
ˣƼĵ
ĪӰڰ֣Сƣ廹Ǿ¶ҪأϾҲǸĸĺӣҪ㸸ĸͬ⡣廹ϣָܻ䣬ܺûĹȥ岻ϣڣҲΪѣϾʧȥ䣬֪ģ常᲻Ϊѣ¶ȲˣûָǰҾĸףϲ常ֻһʽֻҪ֪Ҵû㵱˼ҵĺӿ
̲סʪۿЦĳů
ǰƸ磡Ҳ¶ҪزǣĲ˭˭ǰ㵱ˣǲŻ㿼ǣǼôʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǼҶǵһӣβʽأĪƷҲȰ
ĪСƸ磬ǾһˣǼҵĺӣ˭˵ʲô
ĪСǵľͱȽˣȻϻۣɺܶ󶮣һ㣬㻨Ǯ飬ĪСתתܵߣĵƸ磬ʹӦ˰ɣ㻨ǮҪĻȽǮСͺˣĪСһӡ
ȻͰѱܰĳˣ˺ôЦǻ˼ɢˣĪССãƸԺ㻨ǮƸ绨
Ժرĸм
תĪ˵£壬ȻˣҿԺ˵ĶԣжǿʽʽġȻ˵ĻҲˣ͸Сһİɣ
ĪСֱţƸ磬һĲҪҰƳȥɵɵѽһɸֵģ
һЦͣˣĪСҲ̫ˣ
Īһ£ҲʹĴӦˣڼʮģǾ͸Сͷˡ
ĪʫӨ˰죬Ľʺ޵ĿĪС죺ĸ磬ΪɶܻƸǮⲻǱǻģ
ĪƷʧЦĪʫӨСѾͷʮǮ㻨ģҲǵǮˣǲô֮࣬ǰǼһһĻͲˡ֪㣡ǿһҵĻأ
ĪСæٵҪҼȷļƵĪСĪССԹϣզ˵ǮƸ绨˼ƸǮˣˣ¶Ҫٶ໰һͭ嶼㣡
ĪС飺磬ⲻƽƸӦҵģ
Ƹʵ㣬Ϊ˼۸ǿԺ۲㣡˭㽲ΣˣĪСҲԼҵܵû취ˣզôأ
æûµģСҪ͸
ĪƷסƣƸ磬ո˵ˣҪǴĻôߵܵܣ𣿿ɲǮûôִŵģ
ǰСƣ㲻ùСһҲ֪ѧģ߯ˣĪЦŵȻԴҵȻˣǵĳƺҲ͸˰ɣԺͽСƴˣССĵܵˣ
ĪʫӨʱ˵һʵĻСǵܵܣҶþˣ
ĪʫӨЩԼôõĺý㣬ǷԼ𣿺ùŶ
ĪʫӨС춼ܹҺ«ˣϸߣ
룬ǣ̲סʧЦԼˡ
ĪӸĳƺ⣬ȴûµģ壬һƺӰʲôһǽƸɣҲϰˣʵԼţǼˣȻĪҶͰԼ˶Դˡ
ĪЩο˵ͨˣʵҲֻǸƺѣֻǿƺͦں˵ģȻƲںͲˡ
ĪС룬ûܴεļƸЩĪСǲĵƸ磬ɶʱҪǮˣǵ͸ңǧҪ͸ˣ
ĪСϼֱǸǸԵʵûˣĪƷЦöӶˡ
ֻĪʫӨˣĪСЩѹĪʫӨοĸ磬ʮĺöˣǿܶܶණءȻתͷĪӣʲôʱ㻨Ǯ
ǰôôԣЦòѣֻѧЩЦĪƷ̵ʹСŮĻ̲ס˵ĪʫӨСԹϡ
ĪҲûκΣڵôǮеط𣿡˵ĪҸռҲûô԰޵˭أ
Ǯϻˣ͸Ƿ㻨ǮԺÿ³һǷ㻨Ǯ˰ɣǵģԼʲôʱ˵ôˣ



һ߶ ӵ
ּ֮ľһ߶¿ӵĪСˣ¸Ȼּĵ磬죬Ȱ˱ˣȻĪСԵģתͷãɶʱˣ
ʲôɶʱˣʱУզˣûӦ
ǣ˵ʮĪС
ʮôĵ֪ĪС
ĪСһ͸ˣתͷĪּۻۣգŴ۾ȵĵ˵ÿ³һǷ㻨Ǯڵʮһµģ¸³һ㻹ҪǷ㻨Ǯ
Īӣ
ĪƷɶҪЦˣˣֹڵģʮ³һż찡컹죬޺ľ͸˵Ҫµ㻨Ǯ
һûӦĪƷɸҽ͵С˼ǽ̶㻨Ǯʮʮһµģ¸³һǷʮµ㻨ǮԻҪǷĪСûӦô죬ĪƷͶأϸ¸¸µĲǺܴģ
ʱһЦĪСȴЩզˣ˵òô˵ǲҲһµ㻨Ǯ𣿡ЦԼɶ
ĪСĪƷЦǣС˵ĶԣЦɶЦˣСлл㰡Ƕ׬һµ㻨Ǯ
ĪС˵ĵǸŸЩĿŴҡ
ôҿ̲סһЦ
ǱĪС˵ĪЩӵ𣿻ӵôݣ
ԴˣĪҵ㻨ǮôˣÿʮģǮϻ湻һǧĵʱ򣬾ͻǻи˱Ҷʶ֣ĪƷɰǼˣÿ¶Ǯġ
ĪСĪʫӨ˵
ʵϲĪƷ˵Ҳûȥ귢飬ǮģɴҶ᲻ûСĴûзĪƷɵĵ顣
Ҳû뵽ǳһģһǮϻӣ㱻ƾ˵ļǮϻӣȴ˼ⱲҲůļ䡣
ЩǺ󻰡
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ԵǿԣֻõĹȥ𣿡ĪƷɵûô࣬ǼҿûгҵȥĻջô죿
ջûϵСأĪӵ
ǽƸɻҪǮģĪƷѵ
ƾ͵ˣ˵һǻʲôǮ
ĪƷȴƸ磬Ϊ㹤ǮͲһԺɲ㣬ҵƹйǮģⲻܻΪһ̸
Īһ㶣漴ǰҪ㹤ǮģҲǲüƳԿ˵ȷʵǸ˺ܶæˡ
ĪƷȴǵ˵ģﲮˣȻտ廹壬ÿ˶йɷݣ֣࣬ǲҲ㹤Ǯ𣿡ʵ¶ҲĪƷĪӵģտıĪӶͦá
ȻҲ˼ôǮϾ·ȥܣ۶ȥ޹ʵࡣ
ӡˢ뵽ջĪӾˣУͷҰСƵĹǮҲйǮģĪ붼úЦƹĹǮ
ʵƹ⣬Ī󽭻֪ũҿջҪʱĪ󽭵ʱ̾ʹž룡
ĪƤûôأû֮ǰĪ߳˱Ÿ¶ԾȥĪĪæ˵
Īȷʵǲ֪֮䷢飬ΪҲû˸ĪᣬƾĪҪĪ͸ȥˡ
Ī󽭻˵ĪƫģĪĪ󽭣ҪڵأҪԶ棿Ժӿ϶ˣҪǵռһˣֵĥˣ׵ûѡ
෴ֻҪһЩǵռıˣʲôˣŰæĪӻôһģ
ĪȻҲûа취ϵȥæ˵ֲţ
֮ǰǴַˣĪںȴҲûˣСҲûˣĪӸĪҶæǰæĻûע⵽ǸĴģĪæйǮãϵӾͺùˣЩˣȥϽܴӣһྣ˳˵˵ԣӲҪ̫ù
СϵЩֻ֮ǰˣĪںǴλҲݺһͨǼС϶˵ʲô
ڹĪҶæ˵ʲôĪйǮ¶˵ʲôˣټԴĪйǮԺҲǻС룬ҲϨ˼



һ ٣
ּ֮ľһ٣壬ԭĹǮͲˣԺɣԺ㣡æ
У¶˵ˣ˴ҶйǮûУɣһˣҲͲ˼˼һ£㿴ôĪˬ졣
ҲУҲˡ
ĪӶõãҪˣĪӻĶˡ
ĪƷ˵ҪˣֻĪһֱûʲôãҲ򵥣Ϊżһΰεĳţʵ̫ˡ
ţǼҵĵҲû˻֣һϹ
Īô˵ĪƷæҾòȻ¿ɣ¿԰æĥĥʲôģȻ󻹿Ļֻûĥġ
ĪСЩʧϲͷҲûԵ¿ȷʵǱʵöˡ
Уﲮ·ͷһЩĪ˾úе
ĪСٶ͵Ķ˵㷴ԵЩҲԣֻǼһҪǮ𣿡
氡ô棿һ¡
ǴǮĪСԼĵģҾǾø̫ĻҪԺˣ񲻺ðɣǰ磬ǼҺ˶ʮǮɣĶûУǻҲΪĪһûּңʵûǮֶòϲôܸ̫ࣿ
С˵٣ʡ
Ҿ;ƥ͸һǮͺܶˣϾڼҲԣȥǼҲûǮĪСٵҪôͣ鷽棬ĪҶͲ̫ˡ
ͰĪСٶķϸ뻹
ĪСٶô˵ˣþЩɣС٣˵ҪҪҲƥȥ
ĪСٵͷҾÿԵģϾǮ࣬û취飬ڸԣˣǮ˵ȥǲĻǸһ£
Уﰲˡ
ڶ죬þ͸ĪһһŲƥûһ˱һƥ͹ˡ
ûңǿСɶͦ˵ģǶԴ¸ǵԺæĪЩǮԴٷһѣԺõĻ鷿ǺˣԺҲ˾ǡ
ԴٷⰡøĸס·ԼǮģש߷17꣬ʲôԴǸгϢģԺӲɲʹܻӭ
ǰʱ䣬Īҵڶӡˢûʼʱռżý̤ƽˡ
ԴٵĸĸҲĪƷɵ˸裬ĪӸûҲкԷԭҲ飬û顣
رмĪҶܰԴٽйȥŸɻôҲͷǿ˵ǮߣؼǻҲʡ
ѧĪƷɸĪСٹָԴʱȴĪĪǻھƹ˸̸أֻĪƷɸĪСŸĪһĿɲʲôˣġ
ĪСԥҪҪȥкĪƷֱĪСپˣС٣ˣǹܣøҲǵģ˵ˣЩģǽȥҪǻʲô£ǿɾΣˣͷ˵أ
ĪС뻹뿪ˡ
ĪƷɺܿͰ¶׿ˣЩźϧˣҪںãǷż٣죬ǿɲϢ
С٣˵٣ôĪƷ²ģûŴʲôأ
磬ɱȻҪ״ģӿɶ֮ǰôܲˣĪСæӱȽϹŰ壬鲻·ɸ˵
ȥԺ󣬻˵㹦ΣӾ͸ð۶ֵˣǽˣҪݺôǣǺӶǲˬϿαʣһشߴĲ¿κҪȥ˵̣
֪ˣⲻ˵˵С٣˵Ҳ̫ŰˣӹŰ壬ѵҲŰ𣿲ټ죬ӾͶǵģĪƷЩʲôҾͻش΢һ㣬ҲûشӶŲţ
ĪСٶӵӡͦõģȻϿҲΪҪȽϸߣ磬¶ȷʵȷʵҲûⲻǹŰ岻Ű⡣
֪иǶţʵǲܰѵܵˣĪƷĨһ֪ܲ𣿿ѧõֱúѹ
ĪСٰοҲùʱӦþͺˣ
ף磬ҾⶫأĪСʵĪСõһľޣһһŮŮźӣرĿɰ



һ ɱ
ּ֮ľһɱĪƷܵһС٣ҾҲǲǣĪƷõӹµޣȻľͷģԢҲá
ʵҲǿడǵͻǸˣʲôϲŷֻЩľ֮Ķˡ
ɩһԶ˺ģҲǵһƬ⡣
ĪƷɷżһ죬ԴٻСϱһĪҶȻݣԴٶĪҶԼ˺ܶǮȢܸм
ԴȢϱһСƹݼҵĹŮпȣȳһŹ˵ɫ𪣬ٱȽ壬ëһ㣬ܳúƯǱȽϽСԸͦģеľԴٵĺʵ
ĪƷɶпԴ˹ʺˣȻôôƯԴţأ
˵٩ԴٺٺٵɵЦţرĺҲա
ȴǲӳЦ⻰˵ˣʻɲҪţ𣿡˵ſȿԴһۣԴٹӶʱˣֻɵЦɶ˵ˡ
ĪڱϸĪƷɣˣˣˣȥǰ濴ŵﲮʲôҪæĲȻԿСڵ緹ٻȥɣ
Īҵͷڵ˿׵ʱͿˣֻĪӾźǶڼңˡ
ڹŴǴ¶ҲǸֵϲ¶
ƶ¶·ɱҲһֻײɱˣϾôǮˣҲתתҵˣɱҵתˡ
ĪƷɱˣܿˣĪʫӨҶԶһ㣬Σ㲻֪Ҫƨ˰
ĪʫӨСѾͷҲ֪Ǻ滹զģҪܵ߶ȥˣƫƫҲûڣҪһСģ̵ô죿
ĪʫӨѵģ磬˼ҶӶˣǹֲ֪ʲôſˡ
ӶҲܣ㲻ǻյϰʱ̣㻹ôĪƷŻĪʫӨ
ĪʫӨȻסˣ磬ٲܹȥˣȻֽĵ磬Ҷ
ǲûԷĪƷһ;òԣƽҲûĪʫӨ
ĪʫӨʶķϣûҳˣ
㻹ѣΪʲôĪƷɳ
ĪʫӨģ˵ˣðɣˡ
ŽãĪƷҲûƢˣߣõԵģ´ҪǲԷ粻ӵģ
ŲأĪʫӨֺõЦĪƷûƢˣ˾
ΪʲôϲԷĪƷʡ
ĪʫӨĥһĪƷɵĵ˵ﲮɱˣرĺóԣԾŶӶһ롣
ĪƷ˲붮ΪɶΪʵ緹Ҳٳһ룬Ϊ˶װɱˣ˵Ƶɱ˹ôţŶ㣬οĪʫӨСѾͷأ
ĪƷɻĲѵ´βˣҪǶˣǳߵģͷЦСӣô죿
ĪʫӨͲˣ磬ƭСһٲŲأ
˭˵ģĪƷ
ĪʫӨתת˵ˣĪƷϲµˣǲС
ĪʫӨæ磬³ģɲ˵ģ
ǲСȥ߿ûĪƷϾ뵽ˣ˵ĪʫӨȻƽҲͦģҲû뵽⣬һץˡ
ĪƷˣŵģ˷ĪСݺݵѵһ٣˳ռһ°ȫ֪ʶ
ĪСҲˣ磬Ҳ֪ôΣգ´βˣ
´Σ´ΣõˣĪƷͷ۵ĵ˵ĪСǴкӵѾ¶ţƤܣ˵ڴﶼǺˣͰˣؼһһӻˮͨʹ˸ɻ£Ȼɡ
տʼһûɣɱϾСӣôҲˣȻ¶ڶˣ
ҸտʼĪǾ˲˵ʲôɺҲ̲סˣϼ״ĪӺͷۣտʼĪӻĸĪСĪӸƵģһ˸״ĪӾСӵƨɵˣ֪ĪӸĪСƵжݣ
Ҫ˵ĪС£ҲˣĵҲȥа취ŷӵƤĪڶĪСҲͷۣС̫ˣĽ͸˼·
޷ɱ˾һѪ󳦹ѪԺˣٰѪһģر㣻÷˿⣬ķǴ׷



һ ˵
ּ֮ľһ˵ɱҪݶæĪҶǰֿˣӣѪ÷˿⣬ʳͷ׷ҳԣҳԵͣ˵ˡ
ĪƷɶرĺóԣ÷˿ģʵ̫óˣǷʶ壬˿񣬶Ƥ͸ǰѽʶըˣʵ̫óˣĪƷϲƤ
ĪƷɷͲС϶ӣ˦Ӻݳԣһ׷ͷѪ೦÷˿⣬Եǽһ㰡
ˣĪƷҲŵУƿûĪƷô˹ģտʼǲҳԣֻǰڴҶԣԼԵú֣ڣû뵽һԾͣˣرóԣǱȽнƵģֻ׷ͷѪĪƷɻӲȥ
ҲϲѪϲ÷˿Ŀ⣬һһŷԣϲˡ
ĪƷɾͬûϢĪС٣Сٰߣɢɢȥɣˣʵ̫ˣ
ﲮտãҾҪǴҶﲮգˮҲͲˣĪСԼĶӣΪԼʧ̬о˼ûס
ǰﲮãĪƷɺͬ
ԴҲûϢĳԶˣСϱȷųԶȶԴ٣ܲ˼СãСø˼
ʲôǼҲûͷȥջϢɣͷٻȥˣĪЦš
ĪҶھúˣɱȫԼҳԣһͷƸѬ⣬ٹЩһͷ涳ţÿ컻ŻԣǴŹǣͳԺ㣬⣬С⣬ŻԵġ
ĪҶͷţĪƷԭ˵ȥһͷģԺ̫̫æ¶Ҳͷˣ˵ҪЩݣ˼ĪƷԶˡ
ʣµţͱĪƷɱŻˣһǽţ⣬ţϴһ飬˹Ƥ˽ǣнϽͣӵǽȥȻô
ڶǸϽѷег̹ܲܳԵţƬؿɾͿһˡ
ǰţҲֳţóԵģûҲûϵţҲóԡ
ʣµţնóԣţӵ۽ȥţ⣬бţⶼܺóԣĲ֪ô
ţ㣿ػ
ţƤհõģرĺóԣĪҶԡ
ĪҶĻʳǲԵɫɫϼѣȻĺܺãĪӸϱãǽһɫȻĳ˾ʢûá
ĪҶɱԺҲˣһʱʱ򣬳˰ײ˸ܲ⣬Ҳûб߲ˣĻһ
ũǻģԸֲ˸ɵǳ÷˿еһ
ĪƷɳ˼ĳײ˸ܲʱ½˺ܶ࣬ǰĴ߲ˣĪƷɾǲǿһ
ĪƷɵڴҿ˼ΥͣʹĪӶͬ⡣
ĪƷɸĲУĪƷֻܰѶѿ˵ѿͼˣĪƷɻᡣ
ҲᣬֻķѿǴﳤģܾЩ̣ҲԲˣû˵˭Ұѷѿԣ
ĪƷزˣʵʲộģֲǰˣƶѿҲҪˣɶ𣿡
Сɣѿûϵֻǣܳ𣿡Īίĵ
ĪƷɺն˵ܳԣֻǻߣܲܳԣ£ͰײˣܲģҲûģЩˣ
аɣͷɣĪӵ
ĪƷɶַ߲˻ģɶΥͰôģǴֲˣΪůˣ˶˲ҲΪ䣡ǾǰŪůˣǲ˾ͳˣ˷ѵҲɶǰɣҪⶼΥͣҲóģǰɣ
˺ܾãɣΪ˿ڳԵģҲƴˡ
Īӿ۰Ͱ͵ĪƷɾˣƿţЦˣ룬Īӵ壬ҿҪ԰ɣҲܳأҪ˵ΥͣҲɱ˷ŻģҪܳɵĻҲ̲ˣ
ǣǾ԰ɣֻҪô֣
ĪƷһĪӴӦˣʱ˾񣺡ôģǾͰԺ£ƽôֲ˵ģڻô֣ǰѵطŪůһЩҵ뷨ҪŪЩӰѣʱأɹ̫ϵʱԺȥ̨ˣŪů͵㣬ȻֵСͲС²ʲôģҲҪöãԼҳԾˣ



һ ߲
ּ֮ľһ·߲ĪƷֺǰԼôûѧũѧأȻ֪߲ôˣȻڵϣҲ׽Ϲɶ֪ͿžӸѧϹŪ
˵ĪƷɾͦлִѧЩˣԭͦûõģڲŷȻѧˣʲôѧﶼѧˣѧĶǻʲôʱأͱ˵ڡ
ǰɣĪƷִ֪߲¶ȸӪйҪйãõİ취ǰװȻľˣ߲˸ֵӪʣţʵʩũҷʣȻأٸľӣʱϵʱȥ
ĪƷ취Щ⣬ĪʣΪɶҪȥô鷳һֱڷﲻ𣿡
ˣ˳ڵʱҲаҹģҪֻŪҹҾò˿ܲĪƷɵ
ȴǽ飺壬Ҫ԰ɡҪеĻҾÿԽӣΧϲӣͰѲӷſʱٰѲӷſڸżյ𣡸ůů
ĪƷɺ޲׼һڣһﲻúÿҲ߯ˣԼôһ˵ϾԼ˼˵һԼõķӣ
ҪˣҲԸȥˣĪƷɸ
Īûˣаɣͷ㶨ľȥĪЩΣŮզһһء
ĪҲȣСɣ˵ˣҪǲеĻͣɣˣ
ĪƷĿĴﵽˣãɶ⣬һڴӦԲѵĵǰ㿴ϲڵ𣿡
⻰ĪƿԵĿԼҺƤĹŮֳԼϱһۣ˵޵˭
ЦѵסĪӵ֣ҲΪжڸǣòŸϾɬҪȥĪץסˣſðɣ϶ǲԼֻԼˣ
ĪСٸĪСܶԼҴͶأĲĺƤѧϰذ
ƶĪƷɿֿ֪ʲôĴǸģ̣ǿЦ˻ȥֻʶļ¶Ц⡣
ĪƷȴûܴô룬ֻҪܸƻʳƤƤɶǾһ֪ѵˣԲһʶ
ĪƷϴߴã㣬ȥǵ㶹ѿһɣ
øһ־͸Ƶ˻ȻԵĵããھȥʢӣ
ֻ·ߵһ룬ڻˣСɣѿҲɣõǲϷ
ҾֲһֻҪůˣܷǻͷųˣĪƷɵ
Ǻðɣţȥԣˡ
ȻĪƷɾңҺԼˣզأ
ɶû治ᡣ
ĪƷɵҪԵѿ˵ûпܣˮܷأҪҪˮ£
ŶǺðɣʵǲУҲǰѶӷˮһأ
ȻĪƷˣˮô࣬ոƶͿˣÿϣĪƷΪǰԼвѿôģѧһ֡
ʵ¶ִܶˣŮԶɹɣΪʳƷȫ⣬ѿس˸ֶδʲôذ֮ģ˳ŶòģĪƷϲԶѿľԼϲôˣԼΡ淢ѿ͸ˣרŷѿ
ĪƷ˵ʲôʲôҲûŷǲᣬָ£
ڶĪƷɵǲĶѿôˣֻǸãҪջĻҪѶѿŵ̨ԶһЩɱˣ
ȵϣĪƷɲŸãЩˮ˰ɣզˮأˣǼҿأ
أʡ
ҺȻ뵽ڵûôʪɣǼԭֶӣҲǰݿˣֵȥĪƷɵҾ;Ҫ͸һˮʪÿӸʢҲˮٸǿʪ
УţȥˮˣҲǸ躢޶ȵģôĪӻЩǡ
ѧĪСٲĪƷɣ磬ܷ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ӧÿ԰ɣĪƷɵҾ;ܲײˣ˸ɵģĶˣȻԣ
⻰ɱˣȻ̫дˣĪС̲סЦ⻰ʲôԾ
ĪƷɲΪȻɶǼˣ



һ Ҷ˿
ּ֮ľһҶ˿ĪƷɾͷԸˮȻҲϴٸȥһЩˮûƶʪ󣬾ͲˣҲôȥĪҶ˶ġ
ĪȻùŮ֣Ҳ֪Ӳ֪вУѿ֪ܷܲҲ֪ܲܳԡ
ҪˮܿһҲôģã
ֻĪСǱֵĪСÿһ£ϻһ¶Ҫȥһ£ϣ漣֣ܾô粻˵ģЩڴ
ĪСܸĪСĪʫӨӾͲˣ飬ɿμѾˣȥһ۷Ķѿһ¡
ƶÿ쿴һ£Ҳܹ⡣
ԵƶʼѿʱһϲæĪĪ£û뵽ӻܷѿСֵľ²˸Ͳ˵Ҳܳ
ӦǿԵģЩĪƷɵĵˣȥƽֵĹģ¡
壬˵ǶǲǻЩ˿ϣ߲أǼ֪ԺĵһӦһ
ĪƷ϶Ҫ߼ƣܵģҲǰܷĻ£ֲҪӪĹնǵˣֳ
Ҫֳ²˸Ͳˣܸж˺Ŀɲ
ҲĪƷ֪֮ҶǰҪĹԼӪҪûôϣԻֲһ£˵ҪģĪƷɿɲ롣
Ī룬ȷĵСƷӦǿ죬ǵȾ²糤˵ɣ
ĪСܿѿˣرĲѿˣ
˵ģĪʧЦص㣡
ĪСҲΪˣ˵ĻȻǶԵģŴ
ĪƷɻȥĪСĪСܻĪʫӨ㱨ϢĪСҲȥˡ
磬ĳˣĪСٸ̾š
Ķⲻ𣿡ĪƷæ±˷ֲԾ
ԴӶѿ磬չ˵ʱСÿϸİĪƷ˵ĻˮȻѸʪϴȥ֮ǰһˮ֣أ
ѿԺͳÿһЩˣÿ춼ӣĪҶ̫˼ˡ
ĪСĪƷɣ磬ֻлƶĶӳǼһ̶ڶ춹أ
Ҳ֪ȻСԼһԣĪƷɵȻ֪ĶҲ磬ҪЩӶ൱ӣôܲأ
ððĪС˲ҵµߣЩ̶ҲҪ̶磡
ĪƷɿѿ೤ˣ͵ҿˣҪǳҲ֪óԲóԣ
ĪƷóһ룬һţѿҲỵ
Ǿ԰ɣСóһĶѿҲûзģͼΡ
ĪҶܹ⣬ΧһĄ̇ϿţúѹС
ȵѿʢˣĪƷɵԿûж
ѿжû÷
ҲͬõĹ۵㣬ĪƷɻ´ô˵ģҪô˵жߣͲܳˣжѪܽⶾ𣿡
ҲͬĪƷɵĹ۵㣺壬СĵãԲ˰ɣ
ˣƸ磬ģ϶ҪԲˣĪƷæ
ɣǿ׳ʲôҲܳŵסĪӵ
ǣԲˣ·ǰĳѿɶҩƵģĪƷɿöļˣƫƫ˵ࡣ
ĪΪһ֮ѵõĺܼᶨҪԲˣĪƷҲûˣĪӼһӣС̲ס۾һô࣬óԣ
̲סּһӡ
ĪҶ۰Ͱ͵ĿĪӣզզĪʫӨ޳ˣҪȻǱˣÿ£Ըı
ţûɶоͦóԵģĪĪʫӨСԴϣ
ĪƷɿŴҵģͰ˵ˣǲС
Īûס̳ѿԹˣȻ󾭹һҹĹ۲죬ɶӦûУ⻹ʲô˵ģʣµĶѿͶɾˣ
ĪҶһγԳѿԵ㣺ⶫóԣٶ෢һ
ҾǿԶ෢һЩȻȥջ뵽
ǼǮԶһ㣡һ̳ѿʮǮƵҲʲôѿˣͽҶ˿ɣ
Ī̲ס⣬᲻̫ˣ
һ㶼ùⶫĪҶԼðΣûж²ˣóԣأⶹѿûۼôˣ²Ƕѿ



һ߰ ̹
ּ֮ľһ̹߰Ƶɺ֣ܳĪӾЩģϾһﶹӲŶǮǮڣҲǮĶѿģٷһܷ߰˽ģһĳѿ̲ܳˣ൱ǮĻƶһתͱʮĵİٰʮģҲ̫ˡ
ĪƷͦҾƸ˵ĶԣⶹѿôۣⶫܲףҲֻͷ
ǰ壬ⶹѿҪǴҶ֪ôǼ۸ҪˡƵ
ŶǮǷѿҪǮƽҪڻˮ˵⣬һҲ뵽ⲻҪǮһȷľǶôҪΪʲôǮǮǿ᲻ǿʲôĲҲ뷨Щ㶼ҪģĪƷնĵǾʮһ̣
ĪСٱҲͦģ˼ƸĪƷɵĻ룬ĪӵҲͦģƸô˵Ҳã룬Ϊ²ˣðΣհҪж˵ҪˣЩҪģǮӦõģ
ǵİɣȰĪӣΪڴҶͳһĪҪǲͬ⣬õָìܡ
ǣаɣĪӵ
ĪҲǲȰģȻǾЩġ
ǻͷⷨӽ躣ǣĪҲû룬
ĪƷɾͷˣǲãҿǼԼŰɣǼһͷȷǿɿˣٰӽҲ٣
УõӦɣŪ²ҲףǮô᲻أ
ǮĲϻǴ붼ûǾ
ĪҶȷ˶ѿûԺĪƷҪľֵľ²ͲҲѿĪҶĺѾѿˣĹע²˸Ͳˣÿһı仯һ̾Ρ
ʱ֮ٻĪƷɸĪСڿҿҵĶֻ̬ϷӵĺͰݵʱ¶ҲˣζǾʽżˡ
ĪҶ¶ʮͿʼ׼ˣʮѾǹճʮɨӸʮĥʣȵȵķס
ĪЩҲǸķʢ·ҪȥûĶȥҲû취ˣտʼǼûǮǮˣȴַô飬ţ˵Щ
Ϊú˸ʱлԭ֮ǰ֮ʧ
һ磬ĪƷɶ˯˵ϧǲˣĪƷһƿž;ϲһѣѩˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˴ѩһװعģ˵Ư
Сɣʲô°Щ⽣Щ˴ǣڻأҪԣ⽸ԣڳƿӣĪƷɡ
ĪƷͶˣððҼӵ㶹ɣ
УЦš
ĪƷһȥϴһãǼҽҪʲô𣿡
첻ãҪȥģǼ⻹кܶ࣬ø㰮ԵǴ⣬ôʡ
ĪƷ۾һððһγԸǿϧûŹǣҪŹǵĻͿǴŹˣóԡ
ѽôѵõĻ壿ЦţĿԼĴŮ
ʲô壿Īʡ
õС˵Ǵ⣡
ӣһɣҲϲԣĪϵʵĪӰԹ鰮ԣҲܰԣֻÿζźǣÿζö㡣
ȴǺܶĪӵ·ʱ˵ת˳ˣȥˣ
ĹҲˣϴ˰ԶԾվԺ̫ȭȻ䣬Ǵ̫ȭѾǵϰˣҪ˲ſϳ緹
Ҳ˲⽣ģ˵ȴûͬˮ󿪣Ȼ̽ֻĻƬţȥ
ŹȥĪƷϸ⣺粻ȻǴˣǴٳ԰ɣ̹ɣô
Уȥջ̹ȥõЩƬ
ƬͲˣȥаɣԶԾĵ
ĪƷ۾ãõȥƬˣũҿջƬ̫ˣóԣ
̲ס˵ĪƷɵŶЩΣ⺢ӣզˣЩŮ᲻Լߵ̫ˣо޵ĶԽԽˡ



һ߾ Ƭ
ּ֮ľһ߾ƬԴӿ˿ջһѩԺĪƷɾָջµƷˣ̹Ȼ̵Ķ̫ˣǶ̵ִĪƷ˵Ⲣʲô¡
̹ҲĪƷɳϮˣʱ
ĪƷɳϮľǸµƷ֣˵ԼҴĺȹ˾Ϳ̹ƬɽҩƬƤʶݷ㹽ľȵȵɹɵɽ䣻ײ˸ܲ˵ˣв˸ɣƬǱ̹ĳҲĪƷɳϮ
ȻӣӣȻнӡ
պϷ棬ĪƷɾûˣʱպϱϷĽ׺ϲöˡ
ĪƷӿջƬҲǼٵģΪƬ躣ԼƬģǳʦûҲԣƬҲʲô񼶵ǼŲۣĻưϴʲôĶϣǰѲ˵ˢˢˢһУǽһۻҰȻţͶƬˣؼǻܱ
ЦţûϵģܾԼӦǻṦģƬгһϤУԼͦġ
ùȻûˣֻǶƣСƣŵף
֪ˣƵ
ĪСɣ֧ʹƸ磬ǲӦȥæ
ǿ϶ģ϶ģĪƷɹȵϼӣףֺõĶԼЦƸ磬߰ɣ
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ȵ˺ԺĪƷɾͰеķţ⣬ⶼóȰţ̶סȻֹȵĸƵݵӡ
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ƬһܣƵĶɣĪƷ˵ʲôܣǱܵľúܺÿȻ£һһֺ֪ĻΪʲôʳأ
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ȥɱֻԻҪиȽϺóԣĴ⽵ʱ˸һɶˣĪƷɶ⽣ĪҲ룬Ҳ룬ʮˣټĺӣ룬ģٶҲѽ
ðѼɿ飬Ǹɾ䣬ڵȥҲͬնˣӦ˵ĪҶһһĺóԺúȿɲǰ׳Եģϴ⣬ɫϺãøĪֻǳӲһЩĪҶǵϾͲһˣʼܸͷ·ĩžЩǿˣ죿ŶȫܴˣеĴĪƷΪ
ʵҲĪҶߵõΥ֮ǰҶûԺã˵ǻҵڵģû٣ҵȫӦ޷ı䣬ĪҶӪԺԭѹֵģ߸ҪԭĶŲñ˵άģ»ˣһõ䣬ⲻҾ͸˼ƵģˢˢˢĿʼ
ðѼкãķڹȻ㹽һˮֱϣȵʱͿˡ
˵Ҫ̹ҶܿģðѽϵãҪľԼʢȻѶϰںãмͭĪƷڵֹŴͭð
ĪƷɵʲõľɨһţƬȥϻߺţһ̶ţƬ˭ԣ˭ԱҪǲٵһ̶ȥ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ´ĪСټ˿ʼˡ
ٵһ̶ɣô㶼ԵģĪһæ
ĪƷҲֵһ̽ȥȻùı߶ûһǼֹðˣزĪƷߺȣҾֱϿӣԡ
ƱչżģȴýӹСԣСžͺˣ
æûµģ
СƣģҲ֪Ĳ󰮳ԣͰԵصģ԰ɣιСãЦš
룬ҲͲٿĪƷ⡣
磬磬ҪӣЩӣģҲҪĪСĪƷɡ
ãµҶϲԣĪƷɸˡ
˵ʵĪƷɡĪСԼĪӺͼˣĸ˻ÿ˷һչ˵ģĪƷɷĪСĪСٱҪչĪʫӨĪʫӨĪСٵٸ࣬յ˼һߣĪСٸֱۡ
ĪСɫĹ磬㻹չҰɣҲԼҪչʫӨܳԶ٣
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ĪƷɿţ̲סСһˣСҲ̫ˣͷҲ̫Ǵһ򣡡
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ĪСæͣǱ𼱣粻ҪܣǾҪԣ˵СҪʣ˵ǼСúá
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ĪӸˣЦĵǳ̫ˣˣ
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ܣ˵ɣȻҪ˵۸ˣĻ䰡ĪƷʡ
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ƿɲôûϢԺģܸĪСٵˮˮҸСٵˣæİɣ
УСǵɣȥæˡõ
ƲڣҲûңĪСĪСͦĵġ
ĪʫӨԼͷţ



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ĪƷԺҲæʼëȻƿʲôŰμëӶĪƷɸĪСٵʵμëҪҪ죬˵ţƿʼʾ
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ĪҶֶܳԵģϡĳҪЩȥŸоб׷ʵʵľϸףͷôõ棬ĪƷҲԣӾҪȫþϸİأҲʵʵģ⽣ЩʵʵõľϸĴ׻߰ġ
ҲĪҶǮˣĪƷɾ죡
ԶٹĪҶԵİ붬ĪҶ͸漱ˣ
˵ҲˣĪƷɲŸ죬մǻĪƷҲԼĿģ治ôǸﻹҪίԼ
ĪƷ⻰ҪˣҪ֮ԱˣʱʲôˣиͷԣϵʱҲϡԵȻЩѼడȻ˵ҲӦҪ˷ģлô
ںӾ͸ùˣ⻹гԿࣿ˼һ٣ٶٶֻ԰뱥Ľʲôǽв˹
һĪҶֿˣĪӸø棬棬ϴϴУдӴУĪƷɡĪСԼƸĩĪСаײ˸ϴѽˣͷ֭ˮ첻ţڶģҪ֭źóԣ
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ĪС͸𿴲꣬ǸܹԵĺӣܺôģտʼʱҲôֻҪϤڱϾУܣԹԵĶ㿴
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ĪСܴӼҵΪʦĸϽţĪСҵȤˣԴپòͷͦ˼ġ
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ڳ˲֪ĪƷ⵽ĪСٵĳЦ磬ҷرر㣡
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ǣһֱֻ֪ڷûˡ磬ܸңôĶУر𣿡ĪСٺѧϰ
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ĪСڱҲǰø磬㳢ҲţĹζرĺóԣ
Īƴǲͽ˹ҧһڣ۾һţȷʵǺóԣ
ǰɣ˵ˣͱȥˣɣҸ˵ҪڶİӣҲĪƷɵЦȻԼڶԼҲгġ



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УǾɣãȥʣҪǹͬĻǾͰѲƥùȥҲʶ躣ǣ·Ӧ֪



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ּ֮ľһΪҺãĪҪʲôģѡҲǼңҪֻûˣȥұ˼
ùеˣֱӰǣҪʱǰˣǿԸึǮĪСæѵ
У֪ˣھȥˣţ൱ĳϦܲæû治æ
ȻӦˣ˵øǮڶҲˣ˵һ㹤ǮҲһùҪƴǣȻҰ񽻸ˡ
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˶󣬶ʱδʱ̹ЬӸ·һףƯƯģû͵ϡ
µ˵õıҲǷģÿʮǮĹǮһġ
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ʱĪӸþʹ·ũҿջˣһ£ˣһ£ǵĹ躣ǾͱˣȥҼһԸҹ
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ʹ躣ҲܾϲˣԭΪûκεĶģȴû뵽һ׼ġ
˵ũҿջߵĴѾˣԭΪǳԿģЩܹҲ˳Կ׼ˣԺŷֶǸ˼ң˵ҪʲôۻʵûУûЩΪūΪ澵һףȻҲź˵ĻĻһ·ǰҲûʲô
Ȼ󴩵ůԵıʳǣǹ涨Ĳһһ磬һزˣسĻҲʲô֮ģҲûҪһҪ
Ȼ׷ͷǹܱģ·ҲʵҲʲôҴʣµģģǸоأĲһĸо
ҲǺˣƶȻȷһ㣬ûйǮûйǮȻҲ֪һЩȥūģǸϲ̤ʵصĸоûйǮôˣҺƣȴǲ˵ģǶ֣ѧĺˣн
ڻƷ棬Ҳûе˵ôţǾԼֱ˸ˣǶʵֵˣǲ֪жˡ
˵ҪʲôģҲûڴ·ʲôģҲûΪ֮ǰѾǷ·ˣҲ͵͵ǶûʾҲûԹԣ⣬֪ҿˣʹˣǣҲûԹԡ
ľϲˣһҹҲܵصĸоʲôģȫûǵǵġ
躣ʣңҪҪȥǼϾô˵ķʳأ
Ī룺һ£һˣһȥæɣҪ׼ĻЩ࣬һ˼ʹæùҲۡ
ֻĪӸûȥԺһϢôЩţɵʱȷʵˡ
˵ҪһҹĪӶЩ˼ǸˣôͻȻͱôˣ
ǰղŴø֪ͨģڲڣģ㲻ھͻȥˣĪƷҲò˼顣
ҪȥүүĪСٵ
ˣȻô֪ͨǾɣֻһҹǱ߳ԵĻҸողŰѿջ˽лؼҹĪüͷͲðˡ
ĪƷȴⲻʲô⣺¶ʲôϵƸСأҲܴǣ
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ĪСҲеҼȥǱҲԼҾô˵еҪǴ󲮸˶ƸСȻҪȥˣɡĪСδ˵ڵĻҶʲô˼



һ˰ Ҳ
ּ֮ľһ˰ҲĪСû˵ΪĪϹƾͱֵĳĬܶ࣬ʹƽҲô˵˵ĸоȫһҲüȥá
ĪӾҲǸ⣬ҲЩҡˣĿͶƣСƣ㿴أ㿴ıߣ㲻ÿǣͿԼ
Ҳ˵壬ҸС߰ɣǹȥͺãȻȥǱߣҲڡ
ȻСϾ°ɣĪ˾
ĪƷɻи뷨ʹȥҹҾҲ׳ˣԼ˹ȥ˰ɣԭûеʱ򶼲˵ˣοأûбҪΪʳ˵졣
ǴʲôȥĪʡ
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ɣͲ˰ɣƴģҲԵЩˣүү̣ζͲҪǸĪϳԵġ
УھͰţϣõ
ǼҹҲҪأĪƷɵˡ
ĪСȴᵽһ⣺磬˵ϲȻȳЩȥɣǰҹǰ
ĪƷ۾һãȻҶǼô˹ȥ׼Ĺһβ˵ӣģ˭Ӱ
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Ӳŷŵ£Ҳ㣬֣ҶԵúܿġ
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һʱЩˣɩʲôʲôĴúܲ⡣



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ĪƷЦЦȻ󲮾ǻ˵⻰˵ģҪ֪龭ˣô˵Ϊɵأ
ĪɫرĲÿȻûˣǾϲ˰ɣڶԴԽԽʧ
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ĪƷˣԶĺƢţŵܲо𣡡
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ûôǡĪҪ˵ĪƷɾ͸סˣ󲮣ʵܼ򵥵ģǾŪůһЩ



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ĪƷɾǹһµģΪľǲĪںô׵õӣƾʲôִǻ۽ᾧҪã
ƾʲôʲôôĪںܺմϣ
ĪƷҲֻǹôһ£ΪǱһ̬Ȱˣûж顣
ĪںЦˣ⺢ӣˣУǴ󲮲ˣȴڲסʧ
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ĪںǸТ˳ģϵĻͦТ˳ĵǣģ
ȻĪӷ·ĺܴȵӣ϶ղƢЩˣ϶ҪҪǷݹȻȥ˵˵Ӧûûˣȥ˵˵Ӧûã



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ּ֮ľһŶ¿ϷĪƷɿһҪЦˣϷݵģǱȳϷĻʰ
ĪƲˣֲɵô¶װ׵ģҪǰܻ˳ǵ˼·룬ĪںİɲҹͬˣǳıǱߵڰ׵ıֵݶϵܡ
ĪСĪӱϣĪӵĸܣߣô۸˵
ĪںĪӲУͷȥ˽˵һ
ˣĪӺ˵Ҫȥõ㰡
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Īںĳģӣ㻹ȥͰɣЩ߰ͱˣ
ĪӲŵĿĪں磬ôֶˣɱôˣɱҲǷӪ̼ôˣ͵˻ˣô͵ˣǮԼԼļ𣿡
ĪƷɶĪںͶЩ˵ģ֪ĻΪĪǸĪںܻϺӣʶôء
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Īӳŭˣ磬ǻأǸǰʱѰҪϵҪʲôҪΪԩȥɱˣͲӻɹ𣿡
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ĪںżĪӣЩˣˣղЩƮˣĪӸ˵ˡ
ĪںЩˣɫܲÿĪӣӣ˵ûô࣬ôأ˵ˣԴ̬˵ôģʵ⻰ĪںرʿţôϹôˣȴûѡ
磬ôģҾͲˣôģԼҿԺǻԶЩɣ㸻ʱ򣬲ЯңĪںӾһӣҲȥҲõǻȥռıˡĪŭЦ



һ Ǯ
ּ֮ľһǮ϶˵˵⻰ɶ˼˵ʲô𣿻˵ɩ˵ģ㿴ˣĪںˣô֪ôױأڸԼ²̨ˡʵⲻص㣬صûǰôúƣ²̨
ĪӳʧĪӻҪ˵Īӣȱ˵Ҫ¶
ϴҪȥסĪʡ
ĪںȴǶүӺܸмүӸԼΧ
Īںĵǣ
ĪӶһûһĻģЩۣТ˳᲻
ΪʲôĪʡ
Ҳû취£֮ǰԹˣȴû¾ҪˣҲȥˣӶڳᶼʮˣʮˣҪٲ˵󣬳ɸңҲСҪḮԹˣسһʱ䣬ôԳһЩ˼Щ˽⣬ҲܸҸö󣡡Īں͵
ĪƷĪں£ţȻţĪں¶ĵˮ©ģھͱпԭˡ
Ī˽⣬˵׵˽⣬Ī⻰϶Ͳôˡ
ȻĪЩûôģǲʧٰ֡
ȥسǣʲôĪҲͦġ
سҲ˷ݵĻĪں
ĪͷЩˣȻˣǾ͸ˣҸأôţ
ﵽʱ͸סһһȥسǣĪں˵նֵúϲ£졣
ҪǲԸȥسأô죿ĪʣǿӦسǵ
ͷӣզ˵أ˵Ͳүò׶гϢˣТ˳Ҫȥﵱү㻹Ӧˣ̲ס
ĪûϣֻĪںҪǲӦô죿
Īںһϲæѹסǳ鴤£ڻָ´ģǰô᲻ӦأȥҲ͵ɣ
ĪںΪû¶κεĪںĪûдһ˲
ĪͷУȻˣҸĸȥһѣ
ֻϴҪˣҸˣũһһЩȥͰﲻκεæˣģҹ˼ҶϣҪģĪĪںϵĵ
Īں׳Ǹһ˲⻰˵ȻЩϣ¶ĺۼȸղԶˡ
Īںϵ˵ģҸܡܶˣǵĸӦõģﻹȥ
ǰҵģ˵˵ʲôϴֲЩТ˳ĺӣ̲ס֡
ĪûԼĶϣֻǳ˳ǣţˣ
ȻĪĪӵ˵ӣ󽭣ҹҲˣǾͻȥɣˣҲ䣬ȥЪϢ
ʵĪҲڵŪЩȦүӴĪںȥسǣĪЩĵģֻҪ˵ʲôȴϵĪСٳһѣҲͰˡ
ĪӾǻ˼ĪĻӦãǾˣãǽǮպã
ĪӸʵֹһǱóֻһĪӸﶼ˵ˣʮӵģʣµľͷ˽ٸүӡ
ĪһӸͲÿˣĪûʲôӦӦõģ˵һƽĪҶԸȣкöһݶ·һ·ͳǮˡ
ĪЦŽӹˡ
ϾͲˣӣȻ˵Ƿּҵʱ˵õĸһģôǮ͸һӵǮá
죡ĪݺݵĵһۣǴ꣬ˣһر׺ݣ·ҪƵġ
ϾͲ֨ˣЩί
Īں˵ʲôȴĸ׸Ī鷳ϱĪͣˣæάϣҲû˵ʲôʵر˵˵ĺã
ĪҲȥˣ˵ûҶǮˣŸһӵǮ߯˵ȥˣ
ĪĪ󽭣ôҲĻˣȥǮͲҪˣǽǮø˰ɣﶼ¶߱ˣѻ֪ԼϺڣ
ĪƷҧŴû˵ΪĪ⻰Ȳʡ
ңֲǲ֪ȻӪˣҼҪأǸóģȫҾͿһ˶أĪĿ࣬ӦԺæ



һ 
ּ֮ľһĪӲЩҲֵָܵ˵ָʹ
ĪƷȴֵͦģĪСæһĪƷɣ⿴ֵ˼Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ĪƷЩźĸں棬ʱʱĻͷһۣͿĪԴԼĪѵĪ󽭵ĻȻԼǮûиʲô٣٣ƽТû٣㣬Լ˵˵ּԺҵʲôôûǮûˣʱʱ߿ܹܲγȥǻûӪҲֻ۱ֻˣأҲҺӪ˰ɣûĸ
˴󷿣ĪӵԴһȵͷЩҲЩµĶһ¶ţСĿĪƷɣССɣղŵô˵㲻ɣ
ᰡĪƷЩ죬Īֲ˵ôĪ¶ʴأ
磬˵Ͳ¶ĪСԼԴԼǿֿ˰¶ˣҲĪƷ
Ŷ¶ûϵĪƷһ£ԭ¶ˡ
ţţǻǲģоʲô¶󲮲ҴŵģоܣĪԴ
ڽĪѾܴ̼ˣĪƷɾԼͲϽˡ
ǵ¶ǲΪû㿿ǮҪǿǮ¶й¶ȥͲСˡ
ôʵ𣿡ĪƷʡ
⣬ӦǰɣĪӻǲĪں̫ˣҺüƸû󷿳Է
ĪƷЦЦ˵ʱǼ
ĪִСɣ󲮲ʵģ
ֻ֪Ǹˣ¶ЩЩʵû壬ǵԺɣԺʱǴ𰸵ģĪƷȻû˵⻰˼Զ׼ġ
ĪӲ˵ˣʵĪҴ󷿣Īں˵ĻˣϴλҲ˵ͼĪӶû취ԭĪںҲĪӿĪں˽
˵Īںߵڰ׵飬ĪȻЩĻ䣬ҲûôܣֵܣΪʲôͲܻŵأ
һ·ĬĻ˼ңѾѼ˯ˣæ߳壬СɡС١СܡСʫӨǻˣ˰ɣˮѾպˣǸϽȥϴϴ
Сأùĵʡ
Сո˯ţƵ
أĪʡ
ǶȥˣǶԵͦĵģȵҲͦĵġ֪Īʲô͵
ǾͺãĪЩ˵ȥϴɣһȥ
С٣Сȥϴ裬Сɣһ£õ
ôˣĪƷЩĪǰ˰Īһۣϧûõκεʾ
Сɣ£ﲻ˵㲻ԣֻǣײǲõġԺ˵ʲô˵˵ɺãþ䣬СĿĪƷɵɫ
æֽͣﲻ˵ĲԣĲǣҲǹ֣˵ֻǣֻﲻ㱳һײͷСɣ㲻ãĺܲãԺҪ˵ʲôԺ˵òã
ĪƷɸտʼΪ棬ǳǻΪһĸİĪƷ̲סۿСӣʵЩᣬһѱסãôСģΪҺãôأ
Ҳ̲סۿСɣԺ󲻻㿸ǼˣҸŬѧϰŬĸģȥֻǵ㣬ֱ㻹ǸңڶûָŮҪиײͷ˵Ժôأ
Ҳںģʵô࣬˶֪ҥֹߣΪЩҵġĶЩˣ˼Ҳܼ޲ǣΪЩҵ˼ң˵ҾǼҲ಻ǣĪƷɵ
ҲУںﲻ㱻ӣѾôˣٿˣһ㶼УСɣӦòãԺ飬㲻ùܡģҲǰˣܿ۸ȥ𣿡úܼ֡
ãҴӦ㡣ĪƷɵҲȫֻ֤
ǾͺܺˣõõشѾˣʱЦԼ۾
ĪƷɺȻ뵽֪ԼǶԷŮԼô



һ 
ּ֮ľһκȻ뷨Щ£ĪƷæҡﲻôһ˿ǣûеģϾҲܿƵģҲԸģ˵ˣԭǲָһ˾Ͷء
ĪƷ뷨ҪģǱʵ
ĪƷæıסãñݣرãֻʱ·ʾΪԾǰ͹̵ģƽﲢ
ϧĪƷɵͷ
ĪҶϴ꣬;鷿ˣΪ̫ˣ鷿ǵĳ֣ȻûŪȴҲݳ޵˵Ϊ˸Ǵһõѧϰ
ž飡~~biangűڸ̻ҹļžƣȥˮȣȻܳԶˣͳԼ˼һ£ϾһҪ˯أ
ãϲƣĪƷɵһ
ⲻȥĴô껹Īźһ㡣
ĪƷЦģܴϲϣþУ
ҲǣĪӸĪƷɵ˸
ĪʫӨĪСŲס˯ˣҲˣ۾ܹã
ããĪЦǺǵɷɢͯӡ
˽ӣ˺ҲǹˣҶ˯ȥˡ
ĪҶȥϢˣǶԺܶ˵ȴǸҹʱʱĻžž~biangķ̻
ҪʵȥҪȣ
СҪ£ڽ㣡
ۣҲҪվˣϹˣԺҪ󽫾ģΪЦ
һУȻȻӴҲ˲Ͽʱ䡣
ʱ۾ɬƣǼƹ˲ˣƿӣЬӾܵ棬ʼȭ
ĪƷĪ϶ῴƴĿɲ̫·󿪴ϣΪգ̵̫ȫһ
ʱɫ΢ѾǳʱˣĪҶǾĵģûκһˡ
ƵȭǴһһ飬ҴĲһȭּ˸ӣǹȻ˹򣬾صǺĶţѾʼðˡ
Сƣô磿ĪӴŹǷ߳¡
û˵ֱ׹򶼴ˣŵˣ
ǰСղʲôͦÿģĪ˵ţʱһһСƣǲˣ
֪壬û˯ãһһΣ˺˵ʲôŬؼǵģûмֻĹ򣡡ҡͷҲΪʲôԺܳȭԭ򣬾Ϊˡ
ĪӰοƣûµģǸ˵ʲôʱˣ
ţлл壡ȻĵôҲȷʵ
Сɣ㿴ô죬զôأϽģȥҸЩˮϴϴ裬ٸ뽪ģɱ纮ˣǲǻô
壬ˣԼһȥվˣæ
˵ˣϽݣûĪŭ
ϣĪҶԺ˵£ƸˣҲź
ƻߴһϢܸоҲǻˣҼҲǻˣҲ˵ʲôݣôҰġ
ҲƸˣֻҪЩ˵ݣǼԺͱȽϺˣʵĪҶĲ
֪Ҳ룬Ŵҵİοůůģ֪Ҳǵ⣬Ҳôҵġ
Ҳİοƣ벻Ҳûϵǿһӵǵĸܵܣء
ĪҶȥүӰ꣬˶ӵҲ˵ĪֱӸүԼȥԷȻҲˡ
ȴǲȥĪҲ֪ĪӦΪϵ¶ǸҲȷʵҪú졣
ԺĪӾͻԼոǺȥջҷģͼ躣Ƕˡ
ȻǴ˵ҴܰˣĪҶѾǴ˼֮һˣһĪҵ峤峤
Դ˵ˣԺ˵ҲˣΪĪҶʳడ󷽣ϲĪҶꡣ
ĪƷǾûŰˣкˣ죬ݲ裬æĲֺ
ĪСĪʫӨǴסģҲԼĽȦģûһԼСȥԼķˡ
ĪСܴľһ㣬ûһļ飬ҲˣҲԼСȥԼķСҲڡ



һ Ȧ
ּ֮ľһȦֻʣĪƷɸĪС٣ĪƷƽ㣬ããֻԼûġ
ֻǺܿĪƷɾʹܴˣС٣ãһڿŸ֮ǰ治һˣһСʮӣĪСٵؿһ¡
ΰĪأĪСٿˣΪϲ
ģûˣһӰںڵĪΰת
ǵȻˣôأȥҷɣߣǺþûˣǿҪúģĪСЦţȻǸĿĪƷɣ磬Ƹæˣ
˵꣬ĪСپˣĪƷɺۺ졣
򰵰ЦСΪһЩĪ鼵ʣ˾úЦֿɰ
ɰԼô뵽أ
Ī壬ĪãһʮС˫Ѿ٣滹ʵƷ̬ǧ߹꣬˵Ǵݡ
С˵ĪƷסˣĪӸöסˣ⣬ʲôС˭ҵİҲʶ
ȥʱҲûСǰ꣬ǽ˼ңǹϵȽϺãߵıȽϽģȴûǰС
ããԵֻһ£ϻָ糣ϴЦ⣬кС¡
ĪãĪáһ
ͲΪˣڷŵżᴩһеǸԼĵܵܣеǸԼĸ磬ҲеǸԼĸĸֻԼġ
õͦдģʮһ꣬ʮġСкͦ˵ģΪԼŮɲȱûô
дˣͷЩ˰ˣԼŮദˣǵŮָŮҲôѹôܸһˣ
տʼĪƷɻͷԣֻǺܿɹƶˣΪһĹֵĶܺã̬󷽣ǻÿɰɬĸĿȥĪƷɻûһӴģԼɬģĿȥʱĪƷ˲붮ˣ֮ⲻھư
ĪƷɲпţһС治ˣŶ󰡣һĶȶˣҪǰ׵
ĪƷˣɲǰʮ궼Լˡ
ƼﶼŮӾͺԾĶȥˣȻ֪ЩŮǳģǶñӵġ
ƳȥˣûС˧Կĥĥ䲻ߵŮ̲סʧˣٴһּƲˣֻˡ
ǶˣĪƷŴȤ»ļƣƸ磬û뵽㾹ȻôܻӭղЩŮӣɶǳģ
øĪӶˣ漴ʧЦЦһ˵أҲûСҰ꣬ô˶ƵĹˣһֱأΪСư
ĪЦԺĪƷɵСɣ⻰˵˵ͺãɲ˵ȥȻỵ˼Ůӵ֪𣿡
ţ֪ˣҲǿǶڣûˣŴȤһ¡ôƸ磬øղЩ˻ݵģû㿴еģ
СɣϹ˵˼СģƲڣܺ졣
˳㿴ĪƷЦеĵ
ôܣ챿ıĲģû˺ܶ𣿻ǿ巢ˣŹ𣿡ĸʲôƵġ
ˣˣСɲ۸Ƹ磬ȥ˭ˣĪסԵĪƷɡ
ø磬ø磬ý㣬ˣĪƷŴҽ˿ֵĶཀྵǿͣο˵Ҳǣӵϡ
壬ãĪĪϹҾ˪һ
ããᣬϣ˪ţǶ׼ĺףµһѧҵгɣһĪЦš
꣬ĪϾ͹ĪƷˣĪĪ죬Ī˪ֻ˵;û˼ˡ
Сɣ£Ĳ˼ʵҵҵûʲô۵ģĪϺھΣҲ֪ҵҪȥسȻ͸˵ˣ
ûµģø磬ЩûϵҲûϵ㲻ò˼Ҫ˵Ǵ˵ĶԹɸǿûϵĪƷͣȻģ˵ó
ţţĪϻĪƷĪƷû˿ǾͺãСãǼ˳軵ˣ⣡
ûµģø硣ǻǱ˵Щˣ㲻ҪҴ𣿲ȻͿʼ̰ɣĪƷɵ
ððĪϵ



һ Ȱ˵
ּ֮ľһȰ˵ô˵Ī˽»ĪӣױʾһǸ⣬ָ¶¶ǲģָĪں˵ļƵ¶ԼȥĪӵļң̫ǿˡ
ĪӳĬ˺þãû취ȵİ˵ԼûˣҲû֮ģĪ˵Щ鲻飬Ǵ˵顣ǸӣҪôأֻҪĵģȻרѧϰͺá
ĪϿĪӲЩҲֻܷ¡
Ī򿼽ĪϵѧʣĪ϶ͯԵûʲô֮ġ
磬ĪƷҪĪԷĪϲϣ˵Ǹ˵ˣͬʱĪˡ
극Ī̲סһԷ̹
Ҫ̹ͳʮӣԼպãĪӰ׼õݸĪ
ôͻȻǮˣǺҲòô࣡ĪϽӡ
ǸǮ֮ǰǸ㣡Īӵ
Īȴۣ˭˵㣿˵õһ
ҵһƬТģҲ֪ҲȱǮôĪЩΡ
ĪĪһۣУɡҲˣҸ֮ǰķһ
ĪӦȻ˵ĪҪȥ¶ܾȥﲻףڴѣڳ̫ԶˣտģزģҪеʲô¶Ҳܶ˭ģȻǶԴ󷿷Ͼŵĳ̶ʱ˷ָġ
˵ôеطߣȥسȥҿ϶ȥھǴǶزģȥ˲ǱҪиʲôʹģǰɣĪȰ
Īڰ֣ӣ֪㵣ң¶ˡϴʲôҲֻ֪Ҳϴ󡭡˵Īһ£ʶɲֻĪӣкأôҲҪĪںںǰӡ
ϴͦģɵҲȷʵӦøϴİɣϴȻЩ̣Ļ㹧Īת˻
ĪӵڴʵͦõģȻȥسǣ㻹ҸܣǿģΪ˴ҪȥҲں
ӣ㲻˵ˣҸҪȥġֻסԼҲ֪Ӧ㣬סĺܲģͻţĪҲ̫ġ
ĪһֵӣĪӲĵȰأüĪƷɼҲȰȴûܸıĪľģĪȰĿǰĺǣҪʲôүү˵үүͷǴ
ĪƷɼȻǲҪˣ˵ֻҪĪסǼңõˣĪܿ;û£Ϲÿӹòʹ˾ϲТ˳
Ī֪ϵôϹģǿĺãһŴأ
ʱھǣһ߸¥լһλɫ̽ȹϴһ˫ЬԲ٣ͷбһ֧һŮӣʱµŵˮīɫ۽ǵۡ
һ쵰űٵһʮŮӣ˵üĿ㣬οŮӣӷˣͱˣү࣬ûµģ
ǣôûأҼǱ̫ģ̫ﶼѾôˣôܶɺֶ̫ҼŮ̲סִᣬһſ羧Өһ㣬žžવһſڵϣֻ˿˶סۡ
ȻѾߴ˿ȴǹ˲ԼҷˣԣŵΣûˣ΢һЩæٵĶŮӵˣ⻰ɲ˵ģɲ˵ģ
СôˣֻһŨü۵Ŀ߽
ˣŮ֪ʧԣǰἰǰֻʿӣ˵ûпܣܻţ
£ӱǴЦҲ̾Ů§УģǵǸúӣ֪ǵǰ׷ͺڷ˵ġʵӻҲûκεĺôģΪΪ˱̫ȥģڻ̫ˣȴŻˣλô룿
ʹҲӻţ
˹үȥ˾ѵûаϢ𣿡ŮӺȻ뵽ʲôץסӵĸ첲
ŮӣСҲɣҲ˹үкϢģȴ̾



һŰ 
ּ֮ľһŰʵ˹үдϢģֻûκεϢǹԼӵģǹǽ̰֤һѣĪ⽹ֻͶǰˣԭ⽹ԭͲʲôû֪̫಻ɳӣɴͶҲһֿܣ̰ô࣬ҲֻǸӣһЩǮĹߡ
Ůӷ·ץʲôϣƵģĵͷţ
ĪҶȥõңǿСɿˣܸˣǶԼƸҲܺã޼ƸúãŪüƺܲ˼ϾǸСӣԱȽĵ뷨ƾŸоϲСɣСֺǵĲС
ĪӴźȥƼ﷢ĪƷɹˣܸˣĪҶĺдĺڼ䡣
ĪûȥտıˣΪտı˵ȥǹģ˳ȥĥһĥ¡
ӳĿʼĪҶȴûне״̬Ϊ֮ǰĹ֪ĪҶѧԼƿʼʦȽȭ
ĪҶȻܴѣ뵽֮ǰȥھֵĽ˵һ£Ҳ۸ʧ䣬ȴǱʾûйϵԼǹȭԽ̵ġ
ĪƷɴȭʱ򣬼ƿϧĪƷ̫ˣҪһЩָɾͶôء
ʫӨվˣʱûأһֹĪʫӨСȡ
Ƹ磬ȺᣡĪʫӨ죬ˮģ޵ı顣
ǽ̹ļƿǸֱУѹӶҲҪվˣĻӱ
ĪʫӨҲɰƸˣħ
ֻ˿ĪҴ˿ԺһŵվˣԭģĪҲ˼ԼҲʲôùĪƷȴͬ⣬ѧ˶ٻЩõģǧñһʱֻҪΣʱϣǾ͸˭ܹòãصôЩԱ
֮ǰȫд̫ľ飬øĪӵҲûų⣬ȷʵʺ⹦ΪȭߵǴ󿪴ϵ·ӣʺŮ
ĪʵЩ˷ܵģΪӣû˭ϣԼǿôǰץסֱûĪʵǲ˼ǲ
ܺϲʣϲϲĪҶûѡص£Ҫ
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˵׹ǺܺõĸȻĶ书ǲС
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ʹҲǿϲɺصһ죬ĪƷѧģ⹦ģҲ߯ˡ
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ĪЩޣֻЦŲ˵Ŀ˭֪ȻҲ˵ˡ
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Ī˽ڣ˯ţֱӱ־ݣϻ𣬸о˺üꡣ
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⼸Ҳ֪ôģ˯ž˯ãⲻϻ𣿡õǲΪĵ
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˯ž﷢ʲô𣿡ĪСʡ
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ĪԼ죬۵ĵһ˵
ĪӳԷغ۵ĶͷðĪƷɿУõôҸ򿴿أԵ»ҩõĿһЩⶼ˿ǻˣûʲô֮ĶҪˡ
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Ҳ̫ˣҴһ»ҪģĪСҲ̲ס
ʵҲãҸ˵õҲûһ£ϻë˶УԼҷΪû˯ãЩģʲôë
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ȵͺˣǲõģܿͺˡĪӿЦ˵Ż̲סӣȻ˵Լ⼸ľ᣺˵̺ܽúôܵĵ˴ĺӡ
ҪҪٰѧ飬ĪپģʵģֻǳЩıˣԭֻǼ򵥵İ¶Ӫ־ܹҲǺ£һá



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˳е֪Ҫʶһô׵飬ʲôġ
Īӻģѧõװ첻죬շأȻͲշˡ
ΪĪҶһ飬ĪҶ֪ĪӻЩѧãΪµʱ򣬶ֱʾͬ⡣
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ּ֮ľڶһҰԺģҶͬѻһظĪãǸǷӶĪӲġ
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ЩĪģĪҪȥسĪ峤ҲǸģɴĪ峤ˣҲǸ飬Ī峤ǺģĪҲǿĪ峤Ҫĺһ㣬ƫ˽ˣ˸ɻҪΪ˸˵ѧѵģһָɲǮģԼͥԽԽȿǡ
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ĪƷ۾һ԰ȻôʫӨʫӨҲҪ𣿡



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ĪƷĪʫӨСԴ֪֪û𣿼ʲô
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ĪһſµĽǴĺǶˣʹʮһҲˣ˱⣬ΧӵҲˣЩЩԶݣ֪ͨϢҲˡ

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Ī֪Դ֪ĪҪڴѧãʱͶ˼Īӵ˹ֿߣһĿأҪҲҪ˵ĪӶĪЩģҲӶˣֶӣҲĪ߽ѧá
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ĪʫӨˮƽǲĪСֻȫʤεģҲĪʫӨѧϰȤ
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˵ģ˵ڿҲСˣɷҪ׷һڿڵι⺢Ȼ£ҲǸӣԱԸЩԵˣûʲôСľǱ۰ġ
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޵ÿͰ͵ģĪƷҲۣ᣺Ժ㿴Щʳӳ絽ɣҪܾúܾãм仹ҪֲһͰʳ˷ڵϣԲԣ֪жû𣿡
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ĪҲĪСĪ߾ҪĪС鷳ҲĪСأҪĪСĪСô
Ī߱ĪС곤꣬ɹɷǰ׳ԵģԻĪСѹŴˣ
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Ҫ˵ĪѵãТ£ܷ¸׵ΣдϣϴҲǱϸĪںµΨһôɣ
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쿴˭ˣĪСͣ´̫ʾѧǼȻȥĪƷɵİ칫ҡ
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ڵĪǸˣ¶˵ʹСˣҰҲܸĪӿȡʿʲôһǮ
ѧÿһʱĪȴԼķ·ҵ˹ҪĪƷ϶˵һָ˵ֵʵ֣ĪӾú㡣
źаЦݣĵأڶһܲ˵飬̫ˣĶӣȴģźһĶ¸ɳϧѧϰᣬС䰮鱾缢ƿʵѧϰ֪ʶΪѧ֪ʶˣĪӾͺгɾ͸У;΢ðֵǵǮѧϰֵ
οĪҲûõȡʿ֮·Ͼ֪֮ⱲܿѾˣﻹȡʿأΣҲҪ֪Ժˡ
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տıЩΣаɣаɣȻͰɣôҲðɣ
ҲһЩһĻѧѿ϶ҪǵģҵʱʮһĺҲٺܶࡣ



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ĪӳĬˣտı˵ûǶϣҲߵøԶһЩҲ֪Ժ˵ã
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һĪƷɵݣϾŮӣҲʮˣ׼˼ˣʹǲ׼˼ңĪҲĪƷһŮȥôԶĪƷɲȥĪСȥĻôԶĵطĪҲģټĪƷɲȥĪСȥˣɡ
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տıҲеⲢ˵տıΪĪйǣûȫ˵ֻ˵еһ֣տı󻹸Ī˵˺ܶ࣬ѧöʱͬԺǾ֮ġ


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Űʱһһ˵;ĪƷɸĪСٶѧ˾ͶĴչ
ԭӡˢôãĶˣȻ˵鼮ļ۸½ˣܲס󰡣Ȼдܿóеⲻͳ˾ڶԷֱӸǴ۸սְѼ۸΢˽˵ıܣȻǵҲܵ˺ܴӰ졣
һǶԷڣԭ̵·ӻǷ˾ţ֮أڶԷһֱӾͰ̯̿ˣЩھʲôģҲȫҪȥԷ鼮ˣؼǶԷ񻹲Сʲô߻ҪȥǴһ
һ磬Ī˶һźĪӵ⣬Ҫô죿
Ҳ֪ȥسǣı󣬿Ǳûʲô˵ƵһתۿĪƷɣĪƷɵĹȽ϶࣬æʵСɣûʲô⣿
ĪƷɵǲΪ⣺ﲮʵҪǶ룬ôǮѾܲˣڲоߣѾˣû֮ǰҵȥдûͳ˾߰ɣ
ҲôĴǲСģôòų־ѾܲˣҶĪƷ˵ҲģǮҲ֮ϲˡ
ѵǾͰӪ˲ɣʵ᲻á
Ȼǲеˣƾɶ԰ƵṈ̀óĪƷɵ
ʲô˼ʣҲĪƷɡ
ܼ򵥰ҿϰǵ飬Ϳ߱˵ˡڵİ취Ҿ֣һأǼôȥǼ˵㣬ǶһЩֻûǰôɹˣһأһµΣһЩԷûġĪƷѾƴˣҪ˵ϣԷΪ̰ͼõֽòЩȻˣʵرĴ󣬵Ƕڳõ˵Щͺˡ
ĪƷǰһ仰ҲľɣУţת
ĪƷɾǰ仰תңͷо˵ĺǳеĪƷɻԣֱľһԵﲮҾõȵǰֽŵĵȥԺǻоߣʵǲУǸ÷ͷǰӪõ֮ϲͲôźˡ
Ҫٳֱģ£˵Ҳ˰ٻŵʱˣǻѣԻ˳Ъأ
һĴȣСɣ㿴͸˵뵽ҪȷӪﲮʵڲζҪ֪֮ϲĿɱôĶ࣬ĪƷɵ˵ƵȻûôˡ
ˣʱʱӯ˲١
Ī˵ǽˣĪҲûˣȻʱЩûʧĪƷɵĻҲĪ׼
ĪӾͰѾͶ˽鷽棬ĪʼղԼĿģǽ̳ɣѧʲô֪ģҲǸӣܶ飬ôҲ·Щӵʣ󲿷ֶһ㣬˵Ǻʵĳ·Щӽ̳ӣẦǣҲǵļͥĳԱۡ
ĪӾĪӷЩĺӻصΪ˺ɣԺܶຢӻؼңﲢðæ£ȻĳԲһ


ڶһ ½ѧ
ּ֮ľڶһ´½ѧǻĺӣҲʲô£Ϊ˲Ѻ±仵£Īķһ˼κѭ浸عˣ벻ʲôõİ취ϾԼԼԼ˱ˣЩѧļҳοҲԼ뷨ںܶ˿Щ뾭ѵ
ĪӲʲôīسɹӣҲûһ˵ĽûðԼŵó˵ʲôԣҲ˸Ҽ˼ͷˣŮ˼룬˵ʲôء
Եյó֣ҲһǸīسɹӣԺҲڤ˼룬καޣֻż
ƵûоǸ⣺ǣʵǵģն̣ӦþͿˣƲĪӵķǷգڼƿʲôģҪ˵ϰԡ
ĪСֱӰĿͶĪƷɣ磬ǲʲô⣿
ĪƷɻУЦǰ׶ô׿ϵҪʲôѧãĪƷɻģĪӲʣĪƷҲĪһЩ顣
ΪֻӴĶûúǽӴģ˵˾Щ¡ʵ˾ӦýӴĶˣʶȻ͹㣬ȻΪ˵ѧã鲻·
ĪƷɵҪ˵Ҳܼ򵥣ȻЩѧļҳöȽҪǾͻַʽȻԷ飬أǿԷḻһ½ѧݣ̫ǿ壬ҲԴȥҰȥЩҪעⰲȫ⣡
磬ҾҰⲻãĺӶˣǳˣƽǵģĪСٱûɶ⣬ǻ̡
ҰĪƷ֮ǰ˵ԴҶ֪ʲô˼
ȻĪС۾ðˣĪƷɺЦѣĪССԹϣƽĻ𣿡
ĪƷЩ
ȻĪҲ飺Сɣ֮ǰҲúӻȥɻЩҳá
Ǿѭ򽥽ЩǴȹһʱ䣬ٷؼ񣬼Ȼ߿ˣΪʲôؼҲأղյģҲ֪Ҿõǽ̣ģǾˣǿϿʱҾòһҪȫϿΣô飬һǿӹ˼룬һҲжϵģҰУҲԴȥЩ飬˵Ǵǵе˼ңƽɨʲôĲ㣬ǵԴźȥæɨˮĪƷɽǴĵأܾЩŢǵԴӣǷúȥʯȻ·ǴȥЩݲݣΧ
ҲúԼ̺ôջôˣԱ˵ľһôľôľͷȵȵģȻˣҵҲʣ˵ʵѧʣʥ˻أбʦɣĪƷɵ
Ī۷С˵öԣǾúǶ೤ʶҲ֪ԼȤʲôˣ
ûĪƷɷӵˣôƶôµĿγ̣ĪӡЩ˱ȽϺʣĪƷɣʵҲûɶ˼ӣǰļˣԼƣòҲС
̲СĪӻ˺üϣҪǸۣŶ·ӣĻǿԽ̵ģľԼŵУĻ֮ǰ˼Թ׳Լ˾ʡŵá
Ҳǵ˱ãϾҪԻȥʲôġ
ȻΣǽ̺ǻģĪȥ϶ĻҲѧǳԵļʻ滭Ȼˣ΢һҲܼصǼƻᣬ̶̼ʣȻΣҲûˣ˼棬ĿͶԭȥ«˿Ľˣѧ򵥵Ĺ̽
鷨ξûˣƽ־鷨ˡ
ĪƷɽͲһˣĪӰϸĿγ̣һѮһΣ֣һȥ¹˴ɨˮȵȣһأǷʯĪӾʵǺãĪӾöˣ˵רŵԻһôԵģýʲôϣһע˵ɽʱαϻȻ󻹿һЩ˽һȥЩķġ
ֻһǮҪȥ٣ܲܰɣҲҪЩǮ˼Щ֪ʶԼľۻģƾʲô׳Ǯ


ڶһһ 
ּ֮ľڶһһԴˣ΢õĿγ̸ӷḻˣĪҴҲƵģϡ档
ﺢӲѧ飬Ҫʲôȥһ俸ųͷץסڿֵĴ
ˣ˵ʲôܰѺӽ̳ʲôӣⲻҪźȥĪ̫񣬸ɻ𣿡һץסʵĴ񣺡ߣߣǸϣȥҪʲô
˵Ǻ£ⲻϹͺ飬ɲú˷ʱЩϵģͷĴ
Ϲ˵ɶأܱȴӴӿǿϾأ
ϾզأӣҲ˵ô˻ɶᣬԭӲǸ𣿲Ʋû˶٣һСҲˣҲ⾰źһЩ
˼ҲҲྡ𣿱ӲӣҾ;Ǻ£ǻ˭˵ôʲôҪ£Ҫʲôģܹ£ҾǾǶԵģ
˵ţ֮ͬͬҲ֮޲ͬģҶ²Ŀ֣ȻȥˣҲ˿Ϊѵģȥֵģ˵Ƿӵݶ©ˣô޲ģǶеȻ̲סǰˣû취ЩϹ˵һͨеĶϹŪȥѺ±仵£
㣬Ͽֵ˰æĪ̵̫ķӻȻһ£겻֩˿ҲһҪ˵Ī̫ǸˣӣһȥξˣһΪǮͷȥۣҲȥˣĪ̸̫Ī̫ү˼Ϊǰ꣬Ī̫үҲˣһ纮ˣֻĪ̫һˡ
˶ͬ飬ⲻпյĶ֣ͷǼ͵˵ģĪ̵̫ҲǸǿˣڴ˵ķ¹ˣǴҾܶаæɵײģⷿӵľס
ĪҲֱһԼ֪Ī̵̫סȻôĲﲻ⶯֮ġ
ĪӶĪ̫̽ӵǼȥǼһȥסˣⷿ©ˮһ£ؼĪ̫һ̫µˣĪ̫Ǹܺõˣ·ûвģȻҲôôġ
ҵİĵûм˻ϸĵİ̫ⶼɨˣϾ̺ƴһԼҲҪƣ˼Ҳв٣Щ¹ˡ
Ī㣬ÿѮһʱźȥĹ¹˴ɨе˼ҼҲкдˣǴ˲УҲûгɳصѹϡ
տʼһƵģ˴ҲϰΪˣֻǼ򵥵İæɨȴúѧ˲ٵ֪ʶ˵ˮҪôԭҲǼ򵥵飬ɹҲֻžͺá
ĪӺ滹޲ӵǸΣȻǸǮģտʼǽ˻ƴǣԼһܸϿأ漴ʹϿˣҲҪǮĪӼ֣ˡ
Īӻ΢õĻƣԳɼҲУм֣ǰéм֣ȻˣǸƷֿģȻ󷢲µȥĪ̫ˮмֵ֣ɨм֣ʯмֵȵȵģȻÿһȣȻһȣһһȣǰеĲǮн״ڵǲں𣿼оҲʽ
ò˵ĽĴ̼ѧĺӣѧǱû˷ܣԭ»״̬ȫһ
ĪƷҲòϣʱĺӶԶҲӣûжԱȵĴ̼Ĵ̼ǲһʹǰûνĳɼҲֻΪ˲˺ӵģȴǲʱġ
ĪʫӨ𣿡ʮһŮĪҶǰͤͤվţһŶɫһɫСӳĵ÷ɫԽİ𪣬˱Ȼ
ˣʫӨڳԷأҪͷԵһˣǿЦŵҪʫӨȥ𣿡
ǺȵˮɽҪעһ°ȫøŮӵˮŮӺЩˮǼõġ
ĪʫӨ춯Ҳ˲ڳԵϡܳޱ㣬ͮ㣬ˣ˼ҲŸȵȵȣ
ˣʫӨȥ緹ɣһŮӴ
ãСӨʲôʱЩѾͷϵôĪҲǽѧݣҲûԼϢϢ
ЦǵȻǹϵˣҲǼ˭ڣ
˭ڣĪӲԣȻֵýһЦĪԽͷԣǽĵ񿴵ĪһѵЩ˵һ£Ȼ󵨵һץסõ֡


ڶһ 
ּ֮ľڶһ²˻һæվ𣬻Ҽη޴죬üڳ緹ĺӶˡ
ĪƤǺЩĿһúóԷڿʲô
Ҵҵ˵һȥժˣˡ
緹ĪӾȥ˿ջĪӵʱдͲˡ
ĪãһϴžѣЦúŮĪЦţϳһ߲ˡ
ôͲˣĪҲû¶ȥʵ
С΢죬̶ǿ򶨵ĵҵҪȥһˣҹͲˣ˵꣬͵͵˼һۡ
Ƶģ壬ˣ
ţСôô磿гԱ˵ĪӺȻһͣǿϳԵ٣ûԱ㶫ģĳһ磬ˣҲˡ
ĪӻһתûԱҪǶˣҪԵ㶫ȵ˲ųԣ躣棬⽣
壬гԱˣЦˣӣӢ٣ЦӸӵĿʣ˿˸Ķ
һĶãһ˵ŻһˣܿãǮˣһʮģһ£Ƿ
СƸ磬Ŀ϶ǶԵģﻹöأͿ֬ĺ죬˵ղǰˬ࣬ǴŮĽģ۾Ŀżơ
һĺã˵ţֽƽƽ磬æ̧ȥ
õģƽ˦һԼĨڼϣĳˡ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôȻѾ߸Ī˵˽ȥˣûע⵽ֻʧˡ
ĪﵹǸǰһĻŪһ֪ΪɶŮѱĶ
Īϸ˼һֻڷ˿һīɫ޲Ʋϻܲס毺ãüޣͦƤ𪣬һѼꡣ
Сƣ㳤ѽĪ̲סп
һЦ壬Ҳóˣ
ʲôʱ忴㶼Сô۵ģ죬ѵѧϢһ죬ôôջæˣĪƵԴ
ƸȴůƲûͬЩĺһůƣֻΪ֤ԼˣЩ̰
ҲûжۣͦϲЩģҸоļԽĺˣЦš
Īӵţ㿪ľͺã̫ˣ
ؼҳԷĪӾ飺ãǲ֪ˣ
֪ʲôϷӦ˵Сڴܻӭɣ
ǰоʱҲ̫ˣһգۣСҲȢϱˣĪӸп
õǲΪ⣺ʲôСʵҲСˣҪǳĻ͸Ǽǻܳˡ
ˣѮʮʱ𣿾ҪޣС˵ųų棡úȻһ硣
ԣԿճҪˣ˭СôиĪһ£ʮ죬ʱԼͱȽϺðˡ
Ӽ޵ЩԶ˵ҲԵ֣ʶģ˵һϽֶ˸ɰСӼˣСҲǸʵģȻҾһ㣬ԭصҲṵ̂ˣ
СӲĪĵͷʰꡣ
û죬þͿʼæˣũ˼ȢкܶҪæҪ׼޵ģһżȢҪ׼ĶЩţ׷Ҫ׼Ҫ黹١
ӵЩýҲ½ĹױжСһƬ⡣
ĪʫӨǸֵӣᣬҲôѧϰˣŻСҴţ˵ǰæСŮʲôأˡ
ӣżңҪúТ˳šС󼸺˵
СС㱳ϽΰɣʱһڱȰʱҲڣֻ˿ϵıҲƲϸˣȻҲЦȴ·һ˿ǿջЦζ
ΣֻԶȥСҲ̲סֱһŽƽϢϴǿЦݣôҼЦˡ⼸ˣһҪһԸ
ҲũķϰߣϾ˼Ҹæô졣
ףϱأ˺Ȼɻĵ
˵¼ȥˣͲԷˣĪʫӨĴ
ϱ˵Цţź֣ҲѶãĪķͬҲ֯ŴһԷĪķͬɻ󣺡أôˣ



ڶһ 
ּ֮ľڶһҸղź񿴵ϱҴӣ֪ôˣһ˴
иЦⲻǿҪԷˣ˼˰ɣ
ʲô˼ģӾ̫ˡСģȥ˵һҪˣĪķ˵
ƽҲæˣϾҹϵƸĪķһҲϤֲĪƷҪѧ϶Ҫæġ
ʱĪҶĪȴЩŻãôˣĪķңҹʱĪӾЩŻˣȻʱõҲǴЦģĪôῴǿջЦأ
ͨãĪӺۣҲŻˡ
ʱ˵ĳϣֻ·ߵı߿ãһԼҴţŶûйϣĪӾȲʣãʲôˣ
ûûתҴҵİѷŹϣҲ̲ס᣺˵˵ǵСҪô죿ҽ쿴ӳޣ֪жĽΪʲôǵСأǣǲˣ
ңҪңҪ̫ûãС٣ͲСίˣСɣҵСԺô죿˵
ĪӱҲĵĵǣõĻĸһã⣬ҵĴ㣬ǰû£û취ϺӣҪ־͹Ұɣ
ĶĪԵñǰغࣺܶãʵҲ̫ģʵ鱾Ҳʲô£
ôǻ£ⶼǻ£ʲôǻ£СǸŮǽг󣬱ľͱ˿У»£ҵһɾأкһ̰ڵĶ飬Ժô죿Ժķ᲻˶ѡüĴĪӵĻѾЩڲˡ
ã˶ʵ̫ˣĪ˺̶ܴ̲סõĻ
ôĿĪӣԼղ˵ʲôȻݺݵһԼϣҵĴң񶾵ĸ׻ҪԼŮˮô
ãĪץסõ֣ʲô侲˵òã㲻Լѵ𣿡ƽĪҲǲǫˣɴ˿Ҫš
𣿡Īץסõּᶨ۶ãٴظã𣿡
ңҡò֪ô˵
ĪҲǷҪø϶Ĵ𰸣òټżᶨĵãҸ˵
СƣôԼˣ˵ȥ𣿲ǲ˼ɣһȡЦ
Īķע⵽ԭԼģ԰СƣҲȥӸϱôһˣҲǸסģԼȥаɣ
ķ壬е¶ȥˣҸ˵²˼ǾͲˣһæ
ĪķԵûɣʲô˼ģҪ˵˼Ҳǣǰôõæûԣʲô°ôҲߣʲôҲܼ԰ɣ
Уҵȥǳʲô°ɣĪķ˵ԽЩģ
Ҳʲô£˵ԼҪȥʱˣԾͳˡ
ŶҲǵģզĸʱأĪķˣЩźĵ
ĪƷɻܾüֵŲһæԼĴĪСٰæ
ĪҶնܲԾˣĪӸûʲôЦݣʹǿŵЦ⣬ҲúǸоǿջЦƽϲƤĪСԹԵĲ˵ҲԹԵԼǷ֡
ûĪƷҼʸףͱĪӸýˣĪСٻţҽ֧ˡ
СɣǻָݰɣúۿŮ֣һεĿĪƷɡ
Сɣ˼أһˣҲûָˣҲʮˣ˼ҵĺʮ궩飬Ҳܶ࣡Īӵ
ĪƷһ֪ôͻȻһ磬뵽ӽޣĪƷˣԭôŹ־Ϊ˵أԭ⼸ȥæҲǸϲģӽǸˣô
ĪƷǲϣָݵģ˼ʶУҾ¶Уʱûгأкϰˣ뵽ҪָŮݣŲŲģʱ˸



ڶһ 
ּ֮ľڶһ²ô죿ھͺܳˣǲ죬ʲô⣬ﶼһе̫ųˣԲ㣬ɱ˵ڲˣҪҲôˣѾԲˣٵһӣüĵ
Īӵ侲һЩ´ĪƷɣСɣ롭ǲָݣ
⻰ȴˣ˵ʲôǲԣôŮϣ˭ָŮݣΪǣŮҲڵڶָʲôôô˵أ
̫ˣĪ͵ضûУֻĬĪƷɿ˿ڣȷʵǲָݣ
ȴĪƷɵ֣Сɣ㲻˵ˣ֪룬ģ϶ίˣһο𿸲ﶼҪҿСɣҿŮأء˵ţסĪƷһͨޡ
ĪƷɺεĸĪӶһۣĪƷҲô֣ϾҪжˡ
ĪƷҲ˲Ҫðǵ˵ģʵָ̫ŮݣҾãŮݣ̫ˣŴŮȷʵǿ࣬ȻִǱԹŴŮֻҪڼӾͿˣִŮԱȹŴĸ࣬ΪҪǮҪӡ
˹Ŵŷ֣ŴŮȷʵֻҪӣǵλ̫ˣĶ̫ˡ
ȴǲţһ˲ǰţҵĶﺦ㣬ԼУŮֲˣô찡ء
ĪƷɣôԼֲŮϹϵˣ
⣬֪ŮӰô᲻֪أĪƷĪġ
ҡͷ涣֪ѾϰԼǸкˣ㣬㲻뵱Ůˣⶼﺦ㰡
ĪƷһӣҪô˵ĻʵҲûǴʲ⣬ˣõ˼ǾΪϰкӵİ࣬ϰ˵Ůӣô˼ɣ˵ǰɣʵҲǣϾôŸĻݣʵ˵ˣΪִ˹Ŵλ£ôصݣ˵ǰɣҲǣϾһʼŮģ϶ûô쿪ˡ
ĪҲˣһʱ䵹ЩȻ
ǲǲǣĪƷɶֻ˵ˣӵģʵҲͦϲŮװģֻŮ̫ˣҲ󣬻ԳѧЩ֪ũŮӲʶ֣Щҹɶʶֵģҵȥǣ϶֪ıҸ࣡
ĪɫӵĿĪƷɣϣŮϣָܻݣǾôݲģֻ˵ĺеŮϰ˵ˣ˼ϸ壬һ˵ĽǶȣһΪϰߵŮƱزϲģصĿܻ
ĪӾЩԥˣҪһȰĪƷɣ˳ĪƷɵĻ˵
ðŰɣһץסĪӵӣ˵ô£
𣿴ҹĶʶ𣿡۰Ͱ͵ĿĪӣϣĪƷ˵ûԼС
ĪƷɲ֪Īӵʲô˼ܵľЩæҪʵʵ˵ɲƭĪƷ⻰ʵĪʲô˼Ӷ˵ЩԼĻ
ΪĪǻĪƷ˵ѣʶҲӨӨģ㣬ƭң
ĪӸÿЦã黹һ£һĪѵøĶͬ´Ĳͬ˼ʱЦãԼʲô˼ҲѰɣ
Īεĵıȷʵ˵˼ҵСҲҪѧõģЩͻŮѧȻĺӶȥ顣
һʱ䣬øĪƷɵı鶼һֱ͸Ź⣬ĪӺȻЩЦĺȻЩ˶ĪƷɵԴϣεЦЦǰ
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ĪӲĪƷɣСɣ㵽ôģ
ĪƷɸտʼװɵĪֱ׵ʣСɣǲǲָŮݣ˵ʵ˵˵뷨
ĪƷɳĬһŵңȷʵǲ룬ΪҸоŮӵкȷʵǲһĶʵ̫ˣ
Ī̾Ҿо仰˵ˣȷʵǺ㡣Сɣ㲻ָݣͻСȷʵȽνԺأ



ڶһ
ּ֮ľڶһܲһӲָݰɣ㻹Ҫ˵ģȻＱææҪָݣǺͬɵܿһӶˣʵ˺۵ģܲһӲ˰ɣ
ĪƷ̲סһ䣺ʵҲͦõģձ鶼Ǵ£ɲˣҪǼ޸У޶ûеطȥ
ĪƷΪԼ̫СˣǡõģĪӾˣĪɫСɣһЩٻָݣһ׼ʱ䣬ǵв˵ͷȻĻͲˣϾĪƷϰкӵĸĹֲֻܾˡ
ĪѵʱĪƷҲ˵ʲôʵһֱ֪Լ뷨Ҫ˵Ī֪ҪַģڿĪô࣬ĪƷҲ˵ʲôһʱһʱɡ
СɣʮˣҲ̫ãףݾͻָǻүүҲˣ¶Ҫһ£ĪĵȻûأĪֻ֪ͨĪƷɡ
ĪƷ죬ȻҷﻹЩģĪ̧̧֣Сɣ¶ûԹˣԹһʱҲԹһӣ
ȻְĪƷɣСɣʵŮûôѣ˵Ҳûô࣬ȥѧһЩϲĶѧʶЩŮʵѧô࣬Ҳѧô࣡˵ĪӳĬһ£ǰ˵õҲᣬøѾߣģǼڵļҲģԺЩŵױЩǹѾߣټ޸˼ңɷôϢֻʵغ㿪Ŀ֣
ĪƷɺȻۿһᣬЩʵģֻǣֻЩְ̿ˣױױҲҪ
ĪЦЦָ˸ĪƷɵķ٣ɵѾͷʲôÿ޵ģⶼǵӦģҲӦõõģԣˣŮҲͦõģǮӾͲˣҲĸĿǷġ
̲סҲµģȻ̲סһ䣺ˣôɿ˵ˣѵֻôǮҲ̫СԼ˰ɣҪܲˡ
ĪһЦˣѾͷ˵öԣ
Цڰеĵƻô˵ůƢ
ҵģˮպˣСɶϴϴɣúȻȻ˿ŮôˣСôڣ
ţϴϴɣȻطһˣĪƷɵͷ¸ÿ
ȣһײˣƸ磿ô
֣Ȼݲһˣ㣬ˣ
ûУ㿴ˣƸ磬һ£ȻطˣĪƷ鲻ѣҲ֮ǰֵ
ţЩϢҲطˣƺȻԼЩɵŸʲôܸʲô
ĪƷҲû£ص䣬ԼĴһˣĪƷɾԼҪúһ룬ԺҪôˣҪָŮʵȥŴĵλͣȻ࣬ȻΪŮӻͦģԴƯ·ҲƯΣΪŮӣôܲأ
öԣȴȥ˵˵ٻָŮݣﻹǵǣϾĪƷɶҪʮˣʱ¶ûжָкƵģԺΪڸô죿Ůô죿
Щ⣬һֱõʱʱľҪóһ룬˳ûʲôİ취˵ʼһûвĶɣ
СƸ磬㣡Ůҧź촽ȴ⣬ΪĽԼһ⣬ȻһεĿżơ
һСܸлҲҪȥɣ
СƸ磬ͣ͸ģ㲻ҪҲҲţŮһ֡
ǸֵǼƣǵĪƷɸóֵʱ򣬾ͿŮɱȥӰ͸ŵʧ
ĪƷ̲סȤƣƸ磬һ治٣ľŮӲżһڣûͲ˵ջ˼ҶŮǣҲѹ֣ƳӢ˧Ͷ֮һ˵ʣȫһҲѹŮǻôˮˣŮˣҪǻеģФһСˡ
ƲøĪƷĳЩΣĪƷɵĴȤεСɱЦˣʲôһ
ĽСƳ˧ҲǺģƽΧСôЦСأ



ڶһ 
ּ֮ľڶһҿûЦƸ磬ĽƸһأ㿴ʱ飡ĪƷɲŲأ˵ҲûƸ磬ʲôò˼ģô㣬ŮĽǺ飡
Ҳ𣿡ļȻðôһ仰ȻԼһ漴񣬵УСӲ°ˣСĪҪЦˣ
ƶԼĪԼôȻðôһ仰
Դ֪ĪƷŮģǱʧģһʱ֪θĪƷദˣϻɵ·ϽĪƷɣ˲ŷԼ֪֪ʵûʲôҲʲôҲûʲôӰ죬ֻ֪ϢһʱЩ𾪰ˣ
ƵƤȽϱĪƷɵ٩ʼˡ
ĪƷȴǲΪ⣺ǲ£˵㣬ң뵱ִʱ򣬾͵ĺҲڶСѧ꼶ǳһɣ¶δ֪ͣﶮЩʹУҲǳ٣ڵģ̸ĶĺӣǱĿŶˣҲŮҲûô
ĪƷš
ÿЦ̵ˣ˼һԼŮȥװپŮװԴѧӷԴһѰӶһ˵ƯٿƸͷԼŮ߳һͷֹԱ֮£ԼŮǽССˣٿʣ˧оֹҲ˵ʣģҪǼҶԼж
۾ˣҲվǰˣԺ
СذСܵĪǰ
ĪѼιʳ˳ȥ񼦵õӼԴϻ˸ëզ
ãôôææģС·Ī˳ְѼһ߹еĵ
˵˵Сôüʡ
СƣʲôСôĪһʱ仹ͷԡ
ûǧѡоûһȼãŮˡ
ǼưСƣ˵СȢСɣǵôüնˡ
Īһ㶣⣿ô뵽һˣ
ҸղſСƸС˵Ȼ˺ܰ䣬СƵƷҲֵŵģСɽչˣ϶⣬ҲܷģҲСɣҾûбСƸõѡģüָͷϸƵŵ㡣
˵ˣǸС֮䡭δĻʲô˼ĪҲ֪Ƕ
ĪӻĶˣ⣬񲻴
ǲǷǳ𣿷С˵˵ɣú޲ϾͰŮ¶ֻҪδɷûҲùŮõˣŮ͸ľͺã
ĪһסͷԷȵãð֪¶ͦģ¶Сǻǻɣ룬Ҳ룬¶ʲô׵ĵط𣿱ϾŮһӣҲãοСأҲܲˣ𣿡
Ҳǣñһˮ£ûôˣͦĵģоŮҪ˰ģǷǳõ⣬ԻǿԺúÿǵġ
ĪӸտʼʱҲòҲĶˣֻǺĪӾˣҺǻûͷԷȵϾȥҼ˵ˣֻΪĪӺʵǲô
ȣƵһǴҹӳ˼ԼŮԼǧãҲ֪֮䲻ϣȻҲûпǹƵ˭֪ʲô˼ҪϲҲͰˣǲϲأԼˣô˼ܾ
һǼͬˣɼƵļָУǼ벻һӴڴҲͰˣָ˼䣬ʱҪصȥԼŮô죿ȥĻ϶䲻ϣҲ֪᲻ϰߴȥĻԼŮô죿
һ㣬صôܹЮأӦʩͼ
ĪӿǸ÷飬һʼܼܲ⣬ĪӵĽԺüʹĲԸҲֻЪ˼
ʵĪӿǵЩ飬ΪһŮˣ˼Ƚϸ壬ôûǵأΪһ֮˽Ҫôˣ˵ˣһƬĸ֮ģҪ˽һ㡣
˵ƻָ˼䣬Ҳû뵽ģǾÿԼŮϴϱҲһѡ֮ǰѡŮѡأ
ĪӼͬЮ㣬ĪǷǳĲֻͬܲʲԸϨ˼żڲοδŮѡʱ򣬻̲סѼȽһ



ڶһ û
ּ֮ľڶһûӣ˰ӰɣԶԶһۣʵǰ䣡ǿЦкˡ
ԭǾӸϹţĪҶǼҹϵǸˣʶʲϵĹϵأȻҪһˡ
ﲻæˣǾæǰæģæЩн
֣զûô͸ôˣֲˣôˣɣ˵ţַһ۽һǹ˵سһ¿ģСģҳζǳ
ллҲǸˬӣԹȻˣҲϹųһ
ӸϹҲû¶þˣǰüƻˣӸϹкһء
ôˣƽʱ򣬾ͷͤ﷢ţҲ֪ʲô
Сưˣñӷָ̼һ£̲סֶģʵ˼ûһģ뵽ҪһũңȻпܵĥӣﾾۣܾûǲƺá
ƾʹյǰˣ̲סˣСưôôˣ
ţҵĿˣִźȥ̫̼һ˵һ粻ǵķˣƵ
ˣĲɵӦһã֪ˡȻԼǰӣСƣڲŹȥɣĻ£е¶㣡
ģʲô¾˵ɣҲû룬ֱӾĵǰ
죬ֹ˺һº޲ѿڶĻתʵСƣʱϼС㣬Ĺ
⣿ûĹˣ⣬ôͻȻЩߵ˵
ܰɣˣĪǺߣĸ˵Ȼ˵ʧˣ֪ԼҲǼҵĺӣд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣǺ飡˵㳤ÿҶϲҪģҿ϶ҲỶϲ㣬õģ￩һ£˵İɣ
Ҫ˵Ī˵ô࣬þһ䣬ƲϲԼŮô죿ĻҲֻܷˡ
˶ˣûУֻǣͻȻ˵һẦҲģᣬͷϹһϱ
˵ڶĪƷʲô뷨ֻǵᣬϹˡ
ģðŰɡ
Ƶͷ棬Ĳˣң
Ŷ˼ӣСԼδĻʲô뷨ҲȷʵǲСˣȻǲ֪󣬵Ҳ֪㵽Ȣ׵ˡҲЩ뷨ˣ
ûģɿȻ̽
ҡͷû뷨ģҲЩܾûмҺǸƼҲЩֻһǰ飡ܾڵҲû˭ȥⷽ顣
ƾú֣ôرԼĻأȻҲЩʲôԼмܲסĻ⣬æҳõˣҲҪϽɽˣȻһ˿ôຢӣ
ֹĿ˼һۣ漴̾·ʲôƵģЩȻİڰ֣ţȥæɣ
˵ȥǰ˲һͷˮ̲סЦǰҲ˵öԣƲԸ⣬ҪصԼļǵʱԼŮô죿
ǿŤĹϲû֪ģһʱЩɺԺôѽ
üЩģæʵҲæʲôʲô˵ûµģ
ǿЦСȥæɣû£Щ۵ˣҵԺ󵽵׸ôأ˭ҵ˰
ţ̲ס̾˿
뿪ļ˼⣺ôˣôȻԼ£ȻȻвأ˵Ҫ˭ԼҲûʲôýˣ˭
ƺĽŲһ٣Сɣ
ƵԺкȻĪƷɵ֣ʱЩȻӣ뵽ÿ޵òѣԼƾ˵ͨѹأ
С𣿵Լӣ룬ų⣬һĪҶж飬ΪĶ㹻࣬Ϣ㹻Լ֪ĪӷĪƷɵĵǣһĪƷɲᣬϸһĪƷɳҲͦƯġ



ڶһ Ȣ
ּ֮ľڶһȢʵ֪ĪƷŮӣҲһЩ飬˵ΪʲôʱĪƷɵĳ̫ˣֱ˵ΪʲôĪӷĪƷӦеĺ۵ĪƷˣǿسӣʱЩ΢֣ʱֻΪǴ̶ѣûԭֱһ졣
Լ룬Խܡ
ƽŲ˶٣תȥý
ƷӣӷڽûڼҲΪˡ
ԭĪӿȥôûûѧˣҲǳŲסˡ
ֻȸѧɽŵȻͷٸñļֻԺû˵ֲ˼Ҳ֪Լôڡ
ȻĪƷɾ꣬ôƵЩأЩĪʱï}ûţҲ֪զ£ܾüƵ̫ˣտʼΪ⣬أΪ˻ߵˣҶûз⡣
ԭҲйһβʱ򣬵ҲֻһСô£֮ǰ죬£
ĪƷ̣̲סˡ
Ƹ磬ǲʲô˵õģֹԼʲôֽ඼Ҫų˺ô
ûʲô룺С˵϶ãĸ֮ý֮ԣҪ˵
ĪƷ̲ˣûʲôƸôҵܹ죿ʲô£˵Ȼ´ôңŶ˵ţĪƷɻȻһԼȭͷ
װ۵С߬һţ͸װֵͷƵģ˵ˣʱע⵽ĪƷɵĹǼƫСͷŮߵˣȻָ޳ִģ·ӣǲô
Ƹ磬˵㷢ʲô̫ˣôЩӰɣȻԼҪ֪ԼҲһֵģ
ҪǼ֪ĪƷɵﻰ϶ҪЦʲôֵѧ˵èĹûأ͸˵Լֵ
ĪƷôһŪƵǻ񣬿һ£ΪԼо߳ܣˣûûʲô
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ûûʲôһʱ䣬ˣղţղţȿȣ
ĪƷɾԼôβģֻܰţƸ磬㵽ʲôҸ˵أҵôô죿ǳʲô𣿻ôˣ˵˵Ȼ㿴ҵô죬ܾԼŲ壬ôأ˼ѾҾ⣡
ƳĬһûʲôûʲô룬ǵ
ܣûʲô޲óƵģûʲôôĪƷɲţ֪Լ˵ЩˣǹģΪ˼Ƹ˵ʵ
ڼȴʯˣΪĪƷˣһʱ࣬Ȼ̲סСɣ˵ʲôŮô˵ô³к˵ûô¶ǵģʲô˲˵ģ
ĪƷɲΪ⣺ôˣģô˵ûôԵģ
Ҫ㣡ˣ룺ѹԼԲСɣɣɶѧˣ˵ô¶ǣûģҲѹģҪǸңҲģҲԼȻܼ޵ĳȥ
һʱ䣬ִ˭ĸоʱش˲٣ԭЩɵ̬ȴôηǼĪû˵ȻαĶ飿
ĪƷҪ֪ưȢԼΪ޵ɱܴѾģõģôô
ĪƷɵôûУûеĻΪʲôôң˵˵
һͺȣСɣ˵ע㣬ˣ»ͷ˵ˣŮôأ⻰к˵ģЩ¶ǣԵôףοŮӣ
ĪƷͱˣʲôߣ˵ˣҪңҲҪΪʲôҪңҲû㰡;Σ˵Ĭϣ磬ɶ¶˵ô𣿺ˡ
ĪƷһ֪ƿ϶ɶ¶û˵ģܷŹ챻ùţ}ûŲ
ƣ˵ǲ˵
ûˣһͺȣˣСɣ
ĪƷڴӴƢҪˣɣɣȻЩ£ԼҲҪ֪Լôˣ
ǲԼǸŮˣʲô԰ԵģһŮӸ˵Ļ𣿡ŭĵ˵Ҫ˵ˣƾûͷҪ״ˣҲ̫ˣǵģʹһ¶ǵĻܴףοһŮӣ



ڶһ ִ
ּ֮ľڶһִĪƷɶʱһ㣬ʲôʲôŮӣ˭˭ŮˣӦԺĪƷΣ۾ɵϴ󣺡Ƹ磬ɲҪңΪһˣô˵Һģ
ƿĪƷǻɫʵԭҲûεĵɵѾͷɵ˰ɣҶ˵ûʲôˣ㻹Ǳ˵Ҷ֪ˣҲˣȻŵģģĵⲻڵģһᣬһᣬȿȣȢģǸȢ˵úǵģϸ
ĪƷɶʱʯˣȢȢ
ĪƷʯˣˣ˵ŮôܲһЩأղСҲΪ˰кӣġ
֪ģĪƷɵɵӣûͦɰģԴЦ⣺ˣ㲻ò˼ֻҪԺ˵ͺˣô¶ǵĻк˵ףοŮأ֪ϰˣŮӻһЩĺãԺЩ߰ͱˣ㿴㶼ѧˣ
ðĪƷ˼ƵĻһӦĪƷĵ˵һ䣺Ϊˣ׺ݵҪңòɣ˾붮仰˼˵˾ֱ˵ƣ
ƣ
ȻĪƷҲûȼƷӦˣ¶ˣһô֪ģ˰ıܹĲզ¶ɵġ
Ŀ࣬͵ͨ죬ĪƷܣĪƷɵ뿪ɿȻתᶨĻصԺĪӸá
ʲʲôĪһʱҲЩɵˣ˵ҪȢŮ˵ǡĪӵһӦĪƷɣתһ룬üƻ֪ԼŮݣԲд˻
üЦѽҵģ˵˵Ŀ϶Сˣ
Ƶͷǵģ壬˵ĻҶˣҲǹģӼ죬ķȥԷȻǷΪûЩϰ֮ˣѣ
ĪЩգ̫ʧ̬ˣȻ˽ǻҲ˲Ͼˡ
˵ôôƻ֪СŮ
Ƶǵģ
Сư֪Ǹúӣֻؿڵһʯûˣ˵졣
ĪûôֹۣСƣ²ǶϷ岻ϣΪҪȢСɵģȻ㶼ˣǿ϶֪СʲôЩǲϲСɣֻΪҲͬ⡣ҲͬⲻǲίԵʣΪҲҵŮίһǺܳģҪߵóãҲߵÿģΪҸĵģΪ˱飬Ǿˣ
СƼȻͬ⣬϶Ǿ˼ǵģõһڱǰĪӳʵ̫ˣһĿżƣСƣģ˵쿴ҼСﶷ죬;СͦģദһʱҲи飬Ա˴ҲЩ˽⣬ƷأҲ֪ģԺͰСɽչˣɱ𹼸
ãĪӲͬĵǲãӶãȻֶԼƵСƣģҲӦСã˵
ƻҪ˵ʲôĪѾˣСƣûĻȳȥɣҸЩ˵
ôܾܾأȲĵˡ
ĪӲͬãǲЮҲܿС˺ˣʧ˼䣬ѾܲˣôЮأ̫ˣ
ĻѾԶˣҲˣĶԻڼ
ǣǵСô죿Щй֪ԼôԣҲһĸףϣԼĺӺд
ãǵСиĺӣԺҵ˵ġĪӰ
ҡͷҲŮԺСôŮСƲ˵Ҳ֪֪ףҲûСദƷôҲ֪ηģҾСƾǸСķ
Īסõ֣ãСƲʣ֮ǰ˵СһӴڴȻںʲˣˣļָָܱ֤𣿶ҲϲģֻΪ˱Ļ£ῪҲĸףôʵĻҲҪһ£ҲΪСƣΪŲͬģҲķжôĳϢֻĿһӣ㹻ˣ



ڶ Ի
ּ֮ľڶ¶Իãңǵûô⣬ҲһģİĽɷ򣬸ֹһӣĪӻĵ
ЩģʵЩŵģĪӶôˣҲ˵ʲô

ʱٰУϽУһٸ٣ͷбһ֧˿챦ʯ
һ֯ȣһϮɫı޳ۣϴһ˫໨ͷЬԱһֽ沩ɽ¯ʱٸбݻ쳣ϣ촽˵㸸ڳ̫ӴΪ죿
ǰĸ̫ƫˣ彡ΪʲôҪ̫ӴΪ죿ⲻǵѸֻȻһƾʲôһϣ߷߲ƽĸ״üĿԿٸЩƵĵط
ҵɵ㸸֮ǰ̫ӵʱ򣬾ѾѸˣٸȴƵģ·ûƢ
ĸô㶼ż˵Ҫô죿ӵ
ٸ漱ˣֱ壬ȴǳ⣬ȴѵӣĸ˵ٴΣҪأ治ɫ㲻أ㸸ʺʱܿ
أأĸ֪أҲǰڸǰҶԸģӲ˵ĵһ㲻ͷ
Ȼִߴ٣ĸ˵˵ǸôɣˣʾƫģڳиܻӭҲпޣɸʾǿֻһλƫ̫ӣ
ʱܹص㣬ĸķˣӴߴ٣ٸ̲ס̾ʵҲ֪˵ûϾǲƽֻǸʺ̫ӵĴڣĸӶĸãĶҲȶԷĶ㣬ɻϾǿ
߲ǿǸϸԲôŬûãϻһֽѸ·ʺĶΪ̫ӣȻΪ죡ҲѹֶôޣޣûϵȻϲϸǾԼã
ֻҲû㼱ģôܳʲô£Ҫ֪һ֮λ˼ҿϸģöãο˼Ҳϸأ¶ã
žҪƾԼĶֻعûǵĻλ
ûٸǴĴ޹ǰǶӹƻ
ֻǿӶżˣ޹ҲˣĪǼбȵ̫ӵּҪֻҪûеϻλǾлᡣĸǸ˵㸸ʲϸǾԼã
ǣʶҪ̫Ӽˣĸôܲأʾôƻ߷߲ƽ
ĸûʲôƻü겻ɵƻתתȻ
޹˹ƻһۣǴ£ֽţǳ£㸸ʶҪģһ㸸ʲ鵽Բ˶ߣ
ƻҲǣɻЩģѵ̫Ӵʼ𣿸Ҳǵģ岻ǺúõﻹҪ̫ӴΪ죡
޹˼⣬˵׼㸸ʵ
ʵ壬ʵôˣƻһ㶣æʵǣǡһ뵽ֿܣʱһϲĸǲ׶ˣ
˵ģ¶ûо׼ȷ̽飬û׼ȷϢ͸ûУ޹ͻȻԼĶӲ֪أ˼·ãһҪǲǣĸɾ֮أ
ĸû˵ʲôô׸ƻѵģǸ̫Ӽ죬¶Բˣ
֮⻰ĸס˾ǣ޹ĸû㿪ЦҪ֪в̤һУһŲ̽䣬ôˣ
޹ôףƻҲ֪ԣæĸ֪ˣһ˵ģİɣҪʲôҲ˵ģ
޹ɫˣȻǺõģ
ĸѵĿ̫Ӽ𣿡ƻţЩʵĵ
ȻǲˣȻڼֽţɲǲֽţ޹һЦ
ģ԰ǿ̫Ӽ죡ʱ˵Լˣ뵽ƻ۾ʱһ
޹ȴ˵ˣֻʹƻ̫ӼС£ϼҳҵûУ
ĸôǹϼҳֻҪʳ˲˵ˣûҵ˵ҲǺϢ˵ĸ´أƻ



ڶһ 
ּ֮ľڶһҲ֪ģЩȣ޹û˵ʲô
ĸ㻹ǿ˵˵ǸôɣƻȽϹ
ʱӹرţʻһݳĪƷ϶ϳǵײˡ
˼ͣһҿջǰɫĵСǣͣںͥԺ
ǵ᷿аɣȻֲһأձ˵
ϣ͹٣룡Сʾ⣬ǰ·
Ҳûڷ㣬Էϵͦ죺͹٣ǵĲˣã
ֱСȥ˲ŵүҾСӲģˣ֮ǰѾˣûҵСӣҲûðɣɫСӵأ
ҡҡͷ˵׼̽̽˽һһһĲȥǰСӳµĵطûҵˣ˵׼Сأ⣬л˵ȳԷɣһ£ȥ̽һسǼ
ǣү˲˵
ͬʱĪҴȴȻģŹٵ·ȷ˵ǹٵ࣬ǽһְֻҴĪӵĿջҲ̻ǲש߷ľ͸ëⲻȥҲзأܿˣûǮľԼϴ˰æǮĹˣ˵ǷӣҲ˲ˣ֣
ĪҴľÿɱ֮ǰˣһӡˢ͹ʹǽйӶ˵ģһũҿջĲܴӴ򶼾ӴҲ˲٣ĪҴв˼Ҽ״֮ǰöˣǸӣԼʡʡܸǳġ
˶ԽˣҲǲˣת䣬ũҿջԽˣ·˶ͦϲЪŵģֻũҿջƿӣãůů⺮Ķ͹ˣһɲǵůʵ̫Ҹˣ˶ˡ
ũҿջԽ棬ƹջҲԽĵӦ֣ڿջ΢õ֮лѹˣƻйоԼ£
СɣģԺȢģһĿĪƷɡ
ĪƷ˦أ۵ģԴӾӽԺĪƷɵӲһѹüᶨҪݣòˣû죬ֲ֪ʲô̼ˣҪĪƷѧ壬ѧĻҲǿƣֻһ磬۴ӣĪƷɻΪԼʲô񼫵ĴƵģֻܹԹԵѧ塣
ɴӰӾͿԿĪƷǸֲеⲻ𲽵ĪʫӨѾ棬ĴˣĪƷɻ챻ûмٱĴָֻͷ۶
ΪĪƷڵѧÿϳԼڷʱϰ벻õҲǲĪСٵûʲôԾֻĪСپ֣ΪʲôĴĽȻÿЩͨ죬ƿ޹Ƶģȴֻ˵ǰҹȻдֺѿ˲٣ձʵƶЩԾˡ
ֻмۼ⣬ĪƷɵָˣϸ۲һ֪ôˡ
ʲôĪƷͣϵĶĿơ
ĪƷɵע£ˣһһģ˵˵ģһȢģ㲻õԼ޲ȥҲǿԼѧŮˣңҲģ
ĪƷɸҪܾһ԰ñԼѧŮ죬Լ޲ȥҪȢԼˣҲԼ᲻Ů죬Լܽˣ
˵޸ƵĻ˵ҪҪޣĪƷʶҪ°ͣ漴˻һۣСָͷˡ
ĪƷɵƸ磬òƺܲĶ
ú룡һĵͷ
ȻԼ˵Լǳʲôһһ۵Ŀʼʵ޸Һôǲٵģ˵ҲжҲںǷŮգʲôֻҪǹģֵ֧ģҶ֧㣡ҲǮ㣬ҲǮ£ԸѾź㣬øˣסڳҲڳҷӪһй㲻ǺϲҵѧʶҲãϲ飬벻ӣҲԽ㡭
ĪƷɱȸղŻ죬һļƣ˵һһ۵ģ࣬ɻݣȴ˵ô˵òЩòҵĻðɣ


ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ¾ĪƷɵע£Ƽѵ˵Լ˵Ļܾò˵ģҲ֪Ϊʲô˿Ѿˣôʲô
ĪƷЦˣͻȻʼƣǲϲң
ƶʱֻоһѪӿʶķ񶨣˭˭ϲˣֻǣֻʵʵ˵һЩˣȻתʹҴҵˡ
ĪƷɲÿɷ񣬲ϲĻĿż뿪ıӰȴû˿ĪƷ°ˣ˼ϰߣֻǿ˿Լָͷˡ
ĪƷ˲٣Ͼи˧ĽԼ¶ôôԼ̵ģԼͦԼûŮװأĽˡ
ƾĶۣȷʵǸѡ񣬵Ҳ٣ԼϻƹˢᣬװţС²˿ڰΪһʱ֮ߵĻǲѡԼѧŮԨǿϧˣһСľͻŪٳ棬Ͼʹִ鶼Ǻģοأ
Σʱпָܻ䣬ָôأȵȣָ䣬һ϶Ҫߵģһһ֪һߵĻԼ϶ȥҲ˵²ǻ֮ƣ޸ˣһһָ뿪ĻԼ˵һԼҲٽˣ
Ⱑŵţ
ȻĪƷ˲⣬շּν⣬ҲĪӵĵ⣬ĪƷɿȴһĶŵ㣬ĪƷɳĶˣͲ˵ģļ̫ԣҲõˣôƻһѡ
ĪƷɾ˾ô죬ĪƷȲɧ꣬Щ߰ôȢ𣿿ȥ鰡ȥȥ
üƲ֪ĪƷɵ뷨ȻҪĪƷ̫ˡ
ֻĪƷҲûֵȥĿࣺ⣬ôżɣ
ôˣ㲻ȢôǺҵģȥ˵㲻˵ôţûָͷûǶۣɲǷѣȴȷѻ飡ĪƷɰֻǰң
Ȼƿ쵽ԼǰİָͷЩˣ㣬ַ£˵꣬Ҳע⵽ָͷϵۣȷʵЩۣ
Ҳû컵˼ĪƷɣ֮ǰѾȢһˣ岻ͬ⣬˵Ҫǣ顭࡭ã⼸üˣ϶Ĳ˵ͷðˡ
ʲôѾһˣʱ飬ô֪ĪƷɲ졣
Ҹ˵Ժ󣡡Ƶ
аɧ꣬㻹ͦٶȵˣߣǸϽҵȻǶҵļͿˣĪƷɴߴ٣ߣߣ
ЩֵĻΪɶС˵ôζҡҲ̫˰ɣ
΢üͷ룬ȥû⣬˵ͺˣŮӻһЩĺã
㲻Ǻû£˵ҲУĪƷɲֻ̣˼ô˵ҲǰһҪŪٳ棬ԿҲöС⣬˼۸
ȻĪĿ࣬üЦúӣǺúӣ˵⣬ǿƵǽһͰ
Īӻİǿһ飬֣صųŵ壬Ǿͷİɣһָ˼䣬ҲСһؼҵģҲǶµģ
ĪƷɵģû£Ƶ̬ȣɲˣ
ĪӲһԼŮСɣ㵽ôģ
ʲôôģҾƸͦõİҲ˧ҲܸɣؼǻϲңҲϲĻҲйͬԣҵҲ˽⣬⣬Ҿ÷ǳĺãĪƷɴֵĵ
ĪӲ΢üͷԼŮһۣٿһ֣صļƣ̾ˣ͵Լ˽һذɣСˣԼŮһûϵӣɵ׶˵ȷʵǲѡ񣬽׵Ҳܷġ
ˣǶˣǵҲûˣĪӵ
ĪƷԣʱһϲæٵĴյǰˣҾͲѧ߻˰ɣ
УˣҲҪѧģѵպɷ𣿡ľܾСҪԣĻﶼΪã
ﰡ㿴ңָͷûˣŮû츳۵ģĪƷɸоԼģֻܴյǰң
Īӻ治֪ĪƷɵ˵飬Ҳ˿ˣʼƣСƣ㿴أ



ڶ ǵ
ּ֮ľڶ»ǵʵҲż˵仰ϾȻԼŮԺҲˣҪΪ
˵ûôĪӾͺ޲õĪֻǾǷ֮飬Ů˻Ů죬ɷӦĪƷɲ⣬ɷ򲻽⣬Ȼνɷ⣬ĪƷһ϶ҪɷģŲӰ֮ĸ飡
壬ûµģСɲϲѧͱѧˣĻҲֳɵģͿˣƲ
ĪƷɴϲ㿴Ƹ粻ġ
СɣҲУС㣬ѵ㲻𣿡ûǺᣬֻǷʵĻҭ˵ûţ
ĪƷޣιܱôִ
ĪƷɲɵðϣĿͶʳ¯ѣ
ƹȻٴĪƷ˵ûµģĲ⣬Сѧȷʵû츳˶Ҳʲô˵Ժ·ҲֲС֣
Ƽ֣ȻҲˣô˵ŮҲģֻи۵ķݶ
ĪƷɸжˣСӹȻ˼ͷҪҪԼԲԣæѰΣ
ȵ˸ĸǰĪƷɻڲѧŮϲУһʱЩԳˣСӣ湻ģͳôͷȢʲôϱ˵ҪϱɣҶܸ
ƣĵĪƷɣԺϱ𣿡ƾԼǱȾˣ˵Լϱʶˡ
˵ʮ˸С檶û⣬ʲôҪ˵˵ҸĪƷɼԳС
ˣĪƷɶֱ˦ȥ
ĪƷһʱ仹ͷԣȥ˵أҲ̫òˣ˼Ҹ˵أȻ˾ֱˣ
Ҳȷ˹ϵĪƷԼûʲôоǱ˸оΪɶأΪ̫ˣԭĪƷѧʱ򣬼ƿɲͣڲһˣԴӻݣÿϼƱĪƷɸĪСٵڲŻתȻĪƷڼʲô۵ļҪˣͻᶯֽӹԷʱҲöչĪƷһЩ
ĪƷֲǸɵӣôԵĶԴûио
ĪƷиоĪСٵ˶оˣüƺƱ˸ˣĪСԴˣƸ磬ΪʲôҴôãҲҪæ
ͯͯ˵üһ£漴ӹĪСϵĶ
ĪƷֵʡ£ĪСһۣɶ¶Լȥɣ
ƵıֱĪӸÿοȻѼƵĪƷˡ
飿ĪƷɲ죬ͷԵģ壬ûֻǣǶĻҪ𣿻Сǲǻ֪ݣҪ𣿡ʣƴһʼ쵽ڽеԽ˳ˡ
ͲˣССɣ㿴أĪ֪ĪƷɵ뷨ʵ
⣬˰ɣϾ⣬Сǲ֪ͦõ𣿡ĪƷʶľơ
ҾӦøСˣϾһˣǻͷ˷ˣС֪ĻҾǻĵģƵ
ţȷʵеСɣС˵öԣóŶʱ򣬰ȸС˵һ£ĪӺͬƵ뷨
øûĪƷɵԴϣСɣģʵŮҲͦõģģԴƯ·ͷ׼һʱ϶װҲøĪƷ׼һ·ˡ
ĪʱҲǸжɣϳԷʱ򣬻ĵĵȴҶԱˣŹһըԵϢ
ĪСٵһܵ˾ţʲʲô粻Ǵ磬Ǵ㣿
ĪСҲһĴͣ󣬴㣿
ĪССƨһĲţЦˣЦһ㶼Ц
ĪʫӨһĺ棺Ǵ㴩Ůװʲôӵģ
գŴ۾ģɸΪʲôɷɽ㣿ССԹЩǺף
ĪһĿɬǰܾõƫ㣬ʵΪҸǷ࣡
С٣֪ΪʲôĪС𣿡ҲۿΪ̫ˣǣͲˣء˵ţ
˵ĸû£ȻҲǰʵ̫Ϳˣ˵ʵǵǸʱⱲľ֮һĪһأνѶϼ£Ǽûּ֮ǰʲôӵģҲ֪ǻʵû취ˣ



ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ³㣡ĪСһ˲ͣͣ漴ֵǵĿĪƷɡ
ôأĪСĪʫӨһʱҲЩ£ʶĿĪƷɣ磬㣡
ʲôʵҾӦøлʱľȻҲôʱ䣬ʶһµ磡ĪƷɵЦš
ʵĪƷɴӼ﷭˷ԭԼжìܵģһԼжȥҲñ̴ĥһЩԹҲǱģΪԭѧϰ츳ĺһ㣬ֵܱ֮ǰˮ׼ǷϴľˣҲȳ˿̿ܶ࣬ҲͻĽŮӲѧϰ
ĪƷ˵ԭЩȴ¶ĪƷ˵һѹĹŴŮӲ⣬һôֵĪƷΡ
ĪƷǺѹע⵽ĪСٵɫתĪӣСٵֻ֣ΪñȽϳ٣ôȡ𣿡ĪƷɲţΪĪĺӶ۰Ҳû˭һĻ²Ů˻ĸȡ֣
ǾڹС٣ĪƷʡ
ȻˣСٵֵҲ˺þãСٿǵĪңô֣̫ˣһֱڴĵȴһֱֻҪǾһж٣СٵĪԳ٣Īӻĵĺӣôܺ˱أ
ĪСæǲý֪ͣģɷϣղʱȷʵһ˲ᣬɸĸ۰ǼٵģϣǾ׵ĽͣĪСٵȴӵĻϲ
ĪСЩ㣬Բ𣬶̫ˣ
ĪƷɾ̲סЦˣɵϣܾģĺ
ĪС٣˵ģֻҪʲôʱ򶼲٣
ǰǰС٣ҪúѧϰȡԲ̫ˣûʲô£ԺͿֵܰˣ
ĪСĵͷǷİɣһŬģ
ңҿܸŲʲôҸоѧϰñĪСܱ˵ôһ䣬ȻæֻҪܰæģһ
ĪСһָֻˣֻԾСظģҲúѧϰģҲԸҴģ
ҲǣҲǣĪʫӨҲһš
ȻǼСһĵҲҪ
ĪƷɿöˣһѱããԺҾ͵С
ȻεĵǱϹ˵Ҫʲôģܸ۸ȥ𣿡
־һҵۣǽĪƷɴӴ£ȻĪӾͰѵڶصȥ컹һҪ˵ʮһʮǸӣʱҪСƾٰ충ʽ
ȻĪСپ͵һԣ㻹Сأôô˼أ
ĪСҲܲ᣺Ҳô㻹СңҾƸͱҽˣȻһǹĻҲСƻˡ
ƴУʱˣСһһʱţ
ĪС°ͣǾ˵ԺƸͲǵĴˣǵĴҲǴˣǶǵĴˣɴˣƸǵĽˣɣ
Ȼ⻰Щƣܶ˶ԺˣĪƷɸȴĿĪССһ治һĻ鰡
֮£˺һŷӦĪС˵ʲôĪҲԼĶҲ̫ˣЩ˼飬Īӵͷ
̫ˣԺҲдˣ˸治ĪСЦ
ĪʫӨԺˣС˵ʲô
㣬ûʲôͰˣĪСøĪʫӨͣԼĵ⣺ҴһҪд𣿻ǽд㣿
ǻȽдɣȻͷҲ˵©ˣүү̻֪أͷҸȸүү˵һ˵Īӵ
˵ǰоͶˣǰɣĪСܿ˼ˡ
ĪӵͷǵģȻֶ˴һ飬ҿ϶Ĵ𸴣ɿ
ĪСٸĪСڸո֪иҪ£Ǿһʾͬ⡣
ĪӵǲοĪСٸĪСܶĪƷɵάò
ڵУЩƣǾôԼ
ĪӻǸģĪӲ˵ֻ̫࣬ĪСٸĪСԼѶ죬Ҫ˵ģò׵˻ȥ
ȻƾͺúõһδСǵĵѣȻˣҲ֮ǰĹϵԼƷҲǺĪƷɾͲˣƸ磬Ͳҵܵܣ



ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ򷴻ɹõأĪƷһţֺˣһɷأ˵ֺ꣬ˣƾɶԼǽأδϱأƾɶûһ
ίˣҲû˼һŤͷתˣ
ĪСٸĪСܾ͵ˣ㣬ãǣ
ˣͱƤˣͷƸҪǻҪʰǣҿסĪƷˡ
Ǵ㻹ôСƸҪȢߣҲ̫ˣĪСٷ߷߲ƽֵ⣬ôܷأ
ʵƸȢңίðɣĪƷ̧ĪСٵԴȻˣĪСҲϰˣĪƷɿǻǺӡ
ôίأǴίʮ꣬Ƹ綼֪ˣĪСҲ
ĪƷɾҺüûߣȻҲͦݵģû˭ϲ˵ϣŮ
ǻСĪƷɸǽͣƸʵΪ˰ҲȢҵģһֱڻҵжݣδɷңȻƸ粻ңƸȷʵǲ´࣡ǶʱһֱѧŮ죬ɲûұƷ裬ƸҳͷȥǰȢﲻҪŮ죬ҲǾһ⻰ĪƷ˵ЩпѧŮӣҲģҺи˾ȿѰ
Ǿ͸ܼˣ㣬ƸȢĶ̫ˣϲ㣬ϲȢģĪС
ĪСҲͣǰ㣬ǧܼޣҲ̫ûˣȢô
Դӽ˴㣬ǵĳƺҲԽԽ˳ѾǳȻˣҲǣָоЩһ
ĪƷȻ⣬˵ܵιǹעصɣ
ǲӦþͦе𣿡ĪƷɵûѼ˵Ͼ˼Ҷͣô˽ΪԲŻ˵
еô㣬Ҹ˵еǸɷ򣡡ĪСٿǵĵȫûһƸָ˼ô죿ͺˣ
ĪСϸ͡
㣬Ҿõ뷨̫ˣװôˣҲȥģȶأûȢҪ޲ȥʲôĪСٵ
԰㣬£˵ӲԸĸ۰ʱ̫֪ô˵ôô㣬˭䲻ϰ̫ˣĪСҲ
ĪƷ˵һɣһĪСٸĪСܽܵģǾǣ޸ƣָĻȻָܻˣָĻҲ൱ǼҵˣֱڴǿɲԶ
ȻҪ飬Ҫٰ֮棺ɲɡɼڡӭ
ͨ׵Ľ顢ϰ֡顢ƸƸ񶨻ڡӭȢ顢ϰ֣ʽĶҪý˽еģûý˶ҪȥһýˣڲȨӼЩ⣬һдӼ
Īȥ˸Ƶա
ƾüʹӼ򣬵Ҳ̫ªˣǲǵˣǱȵһǼǵõģԾͰǸʱ
ƸһЩеģ˵cơ׾ơססѡέءκ̡ơᡢɫ˿ϻȵЩðģͶðϣЩƸֻܴԺðˡ
ͬʱƻȥһԴ㣬ԼдǮĪƷһԽĪƷɵҪ·Ĳƥ
鵱ңĪƷɸĪСٶڼңĪҶŽգĪӸþͼȳ䵱ýˣֳ䵱ĸƽ˸ĪƷɻһＰһ˫ѥӣһżѥȻĪƷģǿʽĪƷģĪƷǴӵģʲôûо飬ǹŴ˵ˣӲУӲ
躣ҲԻ躣йһϵϯ棬ȻپһЩʽҲˡ
ԺĪСû˵ʱͿԽмƽˣĺһ
㣡ĪƷɽӹƵݹĶ
ҿı̫ˣһȻ˵дĺûûйϵɺñָоǲһԭǸ˰ɣһĵ
ʾͱȽϺôñͷϵЩҪֲڣĪƷɿ˿ʣҲû룬ֱӾ͵
Ȼˣתˡ
ĪƷɽжв̲ס죺Ҳ̫Īˣ⻹˵ˣȷʵǲզ



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ĪƷɻĪС߶߶¶أĪСȻԼƳΪԼֲ˳ۣĪƷɵֹҲЩͬˡ
ĪС̲ס˵˾仰㣬ûǸǽԼ𣿡
ԣԼģĪƷɾһ£ʵ˵ȷʵôһ˿ͷ־òܣϾѧʵģƸ粻ͦæûûʱ䣡
ûѧĵĻæܼʱ䣡ĪС̲סԼͬˣޣǼ
ĪƷڨڨЦһ£Ҳû˵
㣬ǽû˵ѵ벻ǰȥǼ˵βôͺһǽģĪС
ðɣҵĴĪƷ
Ҫ˵ĪƷһõľǺ֪֮ʱ̬Ȼеġ
ԵڶλĪƷɲǲҼƵǸҪѧȻѧɱĪСҲڣҲ˵仰Ȼˣȫ̼Ƶһĳ
ֻΣĪƷɲҵ˵ĿС
ĪƷɺٺЦţսߣƸ磡
ưһ˵񶼲ĪƷһۣƸ磬ҴˣҲôȻûǸʵľ裬ⲻǳôҲҵıǲǣҷǸãҿϲˣ㿴ҽ첻ȥϿãǷѧؼңʺðΪ͵ģҾ͸ϲˣ
ƺɵĿһĪƷɣģ
Ȼˣ棡ĪƷظģ㿴Щдҵҵıʣʵ̫ˣȻˣΪ͵ģҺϲأ
ƵڲܿƵĺˣ˵ŮӣҪһЩ΢΢͵Ŀֱ
ĪƷ̲סͶƣʲôϲ͵ĶǺֲ˵ϲ㣡Ҫɶֲֵģ
ǣҲУǱˣ㣬ãˣӴɬδԭôϲѽ
ھûڣĪƷɵ
ǣҲãƲ㲻ãܺã
㣬⣬Ҷ֪Щġ
ðɣȻô˵ԺͲ˵ˣĪƷɹһϲĻţǣɧ
ԣЩʧ䣬ôһ˲´Ȼƽȣĵţ
ΪߣԵͷͨĶӶƵģĪƷĪľÿɰʱһʵҲôɵģϻģİɣ֪㰮һһֱ˵ģѽָпãָû˵ҲͱӶһɣ
˭˭ˣ࣬˵ôһ䣬žΪĪƷħצ
Ƹöˣֻöģ㣬ʲôϣˣʶ˫סԼĶ䡣
ĪƷɺ޹ˣǿͮͮģΪڷգ㽵ˣ
㣬㡭ˣֻǲ֮ͬǰĻ飬ЩȸԾҪѹѹȥ
ĪƷڼƵգգ۾ĳ˺ˣķ䣬ɲԼģ
˵Ķԣ˳
ˣĪƷԭӴҲ࣬עҲȽ٣ԴӶԺָоͲһˣĪƷԼЩĪԭǴţвԾķɣҲΪҲ˺ܶ࣬ԾİݺĽɫڰҲ˽ɫС
ԣĪƷɸ˵ʲôģľȻ󿴼һģ붺ÿζܳɹüĶӣ
Ƹ磬㣡ĪƷɵݸһӡ
ƿʵʱ紺棬һʣʲô
һżҾӦϲҪϲĻҾԼˡĪƷɵʵһдɽˮ顣
ĪƷɾüƵʾҲûУòҲЩ˼ʲôģ뵽ţﶼȥʵҲͦƵģͷﻵˣɽˮ־ͦõģӵʶ
Ʋˣ˵ջȥǺε
ҪǲϲջʲôϵĪƷɹһҪúϧأ֪Ʋ
Ȼˣʶĵ˭˵ҲϧȻʱֺһ顣
ҲǱĪƷɶˣƵƤҲѧ˵㣬ǿ򶨵ĵ㣬ô㣬㡭㣬ǹģ
ˣҲӦˣ˼ƾԼҪúõһ·٣ܴδΰˣ

ڶ Ī
ּ֮ľڶĪĪƷգգ۾װһ޹񣺡Ƹ磬˵ʲô
װɵٴΰû취ûа취ѧĪƷƤֻǿиɵĵĪƷһۣתˣϻĪƷ͵Ǳɽˮ־Ĺż
ȼƿӰˣĪƷɲЦֶһŴСͦ˼ģ
ƻصǲԾĴЦ鱻صսǺͮͮģ޺޵ģĵǣѧˣ㣬ôңȻ󣬶Ҫúạ̃ܽңҿңιܽ㣡˵ţ࣬·ʲôٶ˵ĻƵġ
ôˣĪӲĪĶԹңԴĪȥسǣĪæѧõ飬ҲֻͨżĪǱϲǡ
ĪӸղøո¿ΣӵջСƽĴţЩš
ĪӾǲҲûʲô취ȷʵǷֲŲĪںڿˣҲû뵽һμĪһģǱֲɣ˲˺ü꣡
ĪĪľЩ᣺ôţҲȥ㣡
ĪǲΪ⣺ʲôҪңҸھֵ˻˳·ĺܣҪ˵Ǵǰ·ÿãسصǷ㣡
緹ûЩİɣջֳɵģ˸⽣ůůӣĪֵ
ĪûоܾǳɣҲȷʵǹģҪ˵͵·զͬ޻ģȴůأ
Īû˵ǵᱡ޷ϾͺǲĪǰֹ˺üΣȥСǰԹţֻǱĪѹˡ
ĪʱҲֹЩ֣ȴû뵽⿴Ƽª޷ֹԼ֮ǰЩƺʵֱص޷ˡ
ĪӵķԸ֪Īˣæ񣬱֮ǰѣһξЩнˣԼʮֵʽҾϹʮȣĪүүδɻã
ããСƣզôĪүүû죬͸ĪүүˣĪ棬Ҳû롣
ĪæûʲôƾδЩˣСƣȥ⽺Ҹүү죡
Īûע⵽ƺ⣬ϾԭĪҲ˵ǵԼҺģԲˡ
ĪӹĪسǵ˵ûˣƫƫҲûѿʲô׵ģ
ˣسǺأĪ⣬תĪӣˣôˣĪȻĪżĪʶֲ࣬ЩʱҪĪںæţҪĪںæţĪӴӲ˵ӵ¶ĪҲʡ
ԭǴĲƥտʼûʲô⣬֪ˣЩɫ⻹ÿ껻ˣǻϵĳׯȡϵЩ򲻵Ĳƥ߸ṩǱ򲻵ĲƥṩҲǻӮˡ
Ī˵ţͼеȥ˱Ī
Īסˣʲô˱ţĵĺܣֻ˵˶Ǯõ˸ˣ
ǲģһࡣĪӻص
Īԣʱֿ죬һЦһջģ治Ǿ׬𣿡
Ȼˣ۵빤˵ǮĪӵ
ѽҵȥúóô˵ҲǼҵĶңôܹȥһأĪ˵š
Īүү⽺ˣ԰⽶˹
ллƸĪ룬ĺ˳ůů֣м仹̾һ䣺úȣ
ǰǼҵˣԵ⣬ȻģȴĪƷġ
ũ˵ͷû⣬жвԶҪͷĪƷɾͽũҿջũ˼ѼҪǮģͰѼǼѼǼܵǣǰմǵļ۸ǮһǲģũҾԼһȥֱӼˣͷٰǮǡ
⽵ǸƵģڹһҹģܲŨ
ûмѼǼܵģôǴ棬ҵĴǣÿ춼ҪջһݶûȥжģҲͶһЩʲôĶǼõģǵΪһӵ͸ҲǺܺõġ
Ȼˣһݸ׵ҲˣĹҲһҲ˶óôһݸ⽻ģԿջ֣һָߵľȫ͵ģһеģϲΰ룬۸ĹһȻ˷˷ݵģһ붹Ǯ漸еķˮõл׺ҲǼƯġ



ڶ ֪
ּ֮ľڶµ֪ĪƷɵʱĪӻû⣬ֻȥԼҳҲǼõģûֹû뵽ܻӭȴ˷ϾһЩ˵ҲȲ꣬һ˵Ļķֲֻ˷ѡ
һЩԲ⽵˵ôһҲǼģǺĶһů˵ĺܣ
Դı飬ĪˣСƣģȻͷԣ
ˣĪүүģ
Ī̲סЦˣС⣡Ҳһ£СƾǵǵƲˣ
Īһ£ŶŶԭ
ƸæȥˣЩգԼôˣֺһģƵƵĪүүʲôԾ
ӣ㲻һ𣿡Īֺһڣζ̫ˣúȣ
Ҳˣոճ緹ûã㻹Ҫ𣿱˵ͷ֮Ҫ𣿡Īӵ
ˣһ͸ó緹ˣǳ˾ͳԲˣĪӵУٳԣеϲԵţġСҲдģߵ벻̹
˵ҶˣϾͳ԰Ӱɣǳ̹Ī̲ס˿ڿˮ
⽣ĪĪӴĪȥĿΣԼȥ䣬æһƹҲڸ˽ܻĪȥʱ򣬵ﻹֵͦģĪϲ£죬Ǯɶѽ
ֻĪĺҲάһ߻ĪҶ·ϣĪ˵ӡˢǰˣҪ࣬Ӷȴ˺ܶ࣬ҶڵӪǷάȥ
ŵĪҲ˲ĪǷϿΣæȥ΢ãֻǵ˵طʱЩӲԼ˻Ȼ󿴵ĪСڽ̨ϵģĪָסЩҵӣôСС;ͿԵôຢӵˡ
Ȼַڰ༶ĥƤĪߣʱһ᣺ôõĻᶼ֪úϧˣ
ĪվͥԺһЦһģһҪȥҲ֪ǲҵôˣ
Ī¿βŷĪģôˣûؼҿ
үүүүղп𣿡ĪСۼķĪˣΪ͵סֱڿ꣡
Ҫ˵ĪСʵͦ׵ģɣҪȱǰѧᣬҪȱ˶ö̵࣬ĹĪСѧ깦򣬻ҪСģÿȻȥ϶飬ҲҪ𣬾ΪְܳһЩ
ĪСܵѹ͸ˣĪСĽȶˣѧıĪС̿ˡ
УүүСˣĪĪСԴ
ǱĪҲһ۾ͿĪȴĥĥ䲻ˣװֱ뿪
ĪĪЩʧܲɿԼӻǸ˵ģĪкûУʱĪܲζԼүүôʧ
ĪССһ壬˵ͦƵģĪߣ
Īŵһ飬æٵ߹Сⲻǹ𣿡ȻԹԳĪĪӵĵүүãã
Īϡ棡
ĪӿĪ뿴ӵģͶĪߵߣүүˣСһ𵽶ҳԷɣһʳһݵģ
ĪԣǸǳ˵Ƕҵĺ÷ҲܲܲСħõһԷ
Īֻ΢һĪСֱ˦˹Īæõģõģллһᵽ
үүңڼʧһĪ˸ھˣŲҪСħһأ
Сڿ԰ղүүþ磬ԽмˣĪҲʧˣøôôĻ
үүСӵĽ˭ȭͷ˭ӲĪСЩ˼Ц̲סļҫ
ĪȴĪæĪСģʵСӼ֣С˰೤ںȽӣ
ĪĪһۣôżæĽʲôǷǲֵҪҿ⺢ȷʵǸᣬȻһҪˣӾˣҪˣҲ
ǣȻˣĪЦ
ĪСȴĪүүǰɣҲøǷᡣ֮ǰű곤أȴҷˡǲ֪øǷᣬԼʹҵֶӣ۸ˣˣ۸ңܲʰ



ڶ 
ǣСĪÿһ㶼ûһۡ
Ī򷴹һС˵ٴˣҲŹ۸ˣɽ
ŲأҲүүǰǰǫģͱ˵ˣĪСĪӵĻҹͬԵƤĳͷȻĪүүˣȻҪҵ
Īæţүүأʲôүү֧㣡˵㣬үүѵģ
ĪСǸ飬үүǱˣ˵عٲֹܣүүֲһֱߣ˵ˣһӦͬѧǵأٲȥĻһָϿˣ
УȥɣĪ棬С̫˰ɣŶ󰡣عٲֹ֪ܶ
ĪЩΣ
ʲôҹˣѵ˵ĵط𣿡ĪĪһۣȻﲻ˵ĵط¶㣡
ĪӰĪ쵽칫ȥʲô¶
ӣҸղڴ˵ӡˢⲻô𣿡ĪͰԼ·Ļѧһ顣
Īӵͷȷʵô£Īԣʱ󼱣⣬ôô£
𼱣ʵûʲôҲ̻ԷǮƣҲû취飬ڻһӪûˣĪʵϵĵ
ĪԶˣ⺢ӣ⻹𼱣ŵʱզ˵أⶼ¶Ҫɶ¶Ҫ
𼱰˵ô룬ʹûгõģֶһݵҪô룬Ҳ뵽ķӣѾ˲ǮˣûˣҲ׬ˣ𣿡ĪȰ
ɺôҲǷӪôãôӪĪڻ
Īӵ͵Ӫ֮ƾˣ
Ī̲סֹ˵ɣ֮ô𣿶ԷʲôͷƾɶķǾͰãô£ĪҲ̫ˣû𣿡
ûа취ˣĪҡҡͷȻѶԷѧ˷зӵ¶˵ˡ
Ī͸ˣѵôŶԷô޳ܣŶԷǮ
⵱ȻˣǻһڣȻҴЩɢˣʱֱתʱҲûʲôˣǲôõǿģǿԾӪģĪƷ˵ĶԣжԷ˲ǡ
Ҳ̫ˣԷʲô·Ī߷߲ƽ
ֶһݵָзˣʵҲͦõģȥͲˣʵǰҲˣټһΣӦ١Ҳ֪ˣҲ̫ˡҪô룬ԭҵҲأͼʮļҲƣӡˢȴô࣬ľϲˡĪӵǿÿ
ĪĪһۣ㵹ǿÿǺܶܶǮ𣿡
Ҳû취Էͷʲôͷǲ϶ǲģǮ˵϶ȽҪģ˵ˣҲòˣѧӵ˿϶ԽԽ࣬ϾҲʲô뵽ķӣ飡ĪӷȰĪԵҲ̫ˡҪô룬һֵǮģһֵʱ򣬻ûоˣԷѧǵķӣǷˣҲкܶ뵽ӣҲ˵ʱӡˢ˿϶࣬Ǯ϶Ѷˣ
ĪǷۣôܿ϶˼˵ǰɣҲ룬ʶ֣Ҳʶֻ֣˼û뵽취ȻдҲǹģ˭ᣬȻѧĿˡӡˢ¶ҲһǱܣ˼Ҳܱܣôܱ֤ó
ĪȴЦЦ벻ǻ
ûĪվǲⱻ˾ôˣ·ӶȥĪĥ˰ΣȻҪӡˢתǴʲԼȻˣȻûбܵıҪ
ĪƷɵ⣬ֻ˲ò࣬û뵽ĪҲķӣһһЩЩòСͿԿˣĪӵıܶĶԷöԷǮûô
ĪƷɻѸ˻ӡˢ˵ģǲ֪ӡˢһΰķӽտңտܷҸͬʵģȥеȻһʼѱȶԷ࣬ǳ֮󣬻ӡˢĳɱήøͣ

ڶ Īѩ
ּ֮ľڶĪѩֻտıүүʶϾԶ˵ԺϷӡˢʵǲһ㣬ǣ㣬Ϊ˷־Щ˷ˣ統һϣȵʵʱҲܹȡ档
տıүүôҰӡˢסˣֻĪİ취Ҳɶһ¶Է
Īʱˣ̹ˣ˵УȻͷˣ
ĪȻģҲûʲô취Ҳ֪Īӵİ취õİ취ȻԷǶһ¶ԷһҲ̹
ĪƨˣȻû£ˣҲæȥɣ
ҪȥĪæʡ
ȥʱϵһӶûУûģĪ
Īʱﲢûڣȷе˵ûдڣ˺üûӦҪߣȴһ
Īɵʣ𣿡
˭ѽһССĵһŮӵ
ѩ𣿡Īһ£ص̲סŷ￴ͼһݵСŮһͷͷ߰㣬ʵǲӣСڵġ
ô֪ҽѩѽСŮʡ
үүѩһڼ𣿡Īʡ
үүĪѩһɻ
ǰүүĵĪѩԣȸүүأ
ȥˣĪѩȵĵֻ۾ʪġ
Ī̲סʣȥˣһ𣿡
Īѩգգ۾ʲôһûӡ
Īͻ˸˵Ҳû𣿡
ûУҲȥˣĪѩĵүүûгԵģѩöѩѾþûԶˣ
үүͷûгԵģԼܳүүȥԶĪ̲סôӵģ֪ģҲûȴĺӶãҲ֪ڲһֱĪѩ⣬֪õ·ֻСֶͨ죬Ҳ֪ͨŮ˶಻ˣ
Īûʲô֮ģһţʵûа취ĪѩܶϢ
ĪѩҡͷүүܳŵģŵĻĻҪˣ
ѩԣүүأ϶᲻ˣүү㱣֤еط𣿲Ȼţүүȥ˽ӣòãĪ˿ֻ˽ˡ
үүõģ֪иĪѩЦţȻžžવˡ
ĪвסֻĽǵĵţںܿĪѩһĳĪǰˣĪᣬ˲Īѩһ࣬һѱסĪѩҿŮסĪѩĪŷĪѩȻ࣬Ȼûеݹ᾵ӣҲòȥϵ·ҲǼ򵥵ģ©Ȼ޷
һ£ĪҲ̲סˣһѱĪѩĪԭΪԼģ˭֪ȴôᣬĪ̲ס﷢᣺үүߣүүԺóԵģ
Īһ·Īѩ˵ŻҲ֪ǲǶүүӡĪѩûʲô䱸˵ʲôش𣬳ġ
ߵſڵʱĪѩһ仰ĪĪѩ˵үүů
ĪŲһ٣ʵ˵ʱĪҵķǿŵģΪĪѾ֪ͨ˵ĪˣþͰѷŴˡ
Īһžͼæ϶ҵģѸѾͷһѾͷտʼûԶˣʲôʳѾͷһ㣿
ǣѩӳ߳Ī㿴Ŀĺӿ˿÷졣
ǰĪ޵ģ϶ҵģ֪ҵĵʲôȥ͸չ˺ӻչ˲ã϶Ȣʲôã
£沣ȻǺϲ沣Ҳϲ˵Ƿǣ˵Գȷʵûʲôע
ĪҲ֪õӣûִڴõһ𰸣ֻʲôԵȴӻط䣬ĸůЩѸ⺢ӻһ
ȵȵȣȴźӵɣŻůЩҸո󷹣ֳɵĳʳȴûеģֳɵģҸѩµɣ
УȥĪæ
õٶȲٶȣֱӱ㣬ȻˮĹУϽȥĪʫӨһĪʫӨ·ĪѩȻĪѩźܴ󣬵ȴů
ûԺˮҲˣȥ룬˼˼棬Ȼ˵˸лٵһ֥ͣζҲˡ



ڶһ ŵ
ּ֮ľڶһ²ŵĪѩ̵ˣΪ̫ˣųԣС֪̣ϸģУͶĪҿɣѩ
ĪҲȽϺãȻԼĪѩڶιǺεġ
ѩչţȥһ¿ҵʲôĪæ
ţģõĪѩѩԣǶ֪𣿡
֪ĪѩҲܶ£СʫӨ
ԣѩǶﱧ㣬ιԺòãѩҪԼԣ̵Ŷĵ
ĪѩԹԵӦã
˽ӹһһιĪѩĪѩöˣƮƮģƿǰĪʫӨһ㣬ҲС˿ĺӣǰҲ
ΪҲ֪ĪѩûԶˣõĪѩһʱ̫ܲˣͶԻ۰Ͱ͵ӵĪѩѩԣȲˣһǻˣιɺã
ĪѩȻԣȴܹԣ֪ˣѩԱˣѩ
Īѩӣö̲סԼôôŵ˲ҲˣôԼĺҲ
ںǶǺӣҲǸģغӵ
ҲûĪѩȫµĺӣͣѩǲ᲻øԣǲﲻ֪ûԶˣһӳ̫࣬ʹʹܲˣһǶˣٳԣ
ĪѩǹԹԵĵͷҲ֪ĪѩûУģ룬ֵϲԼϲһòã
Īѩ̲ס۾һã
ĪѩЦˣҲ̲סЦѩԹԵϣ㣬иСòã
ãĪѩĵ
ȻĪѩ͹ԹԵţæǰæҲ֣˵ĹɣĪѩǲǵҪ䣬䡣
æһŷ֣ѩô𣿡ʵҲ֪Ҫȸϴ裬¸ӻѣٽˣٲҶûóԣĪСƫƫȥˣû
ѩĪѩϸ
úȷϵĻȥһĪѩڱ벻ˣͻόˣֻӦš
ŽҲĪѩ˵ţ̲סֲ˲ذ塣
ǡʱĪСܻˣŲٶţǼҵôţ˭ҵİôģ
СˣȥѶ°ɣҵѩϵ㶫¾Ϳæѩ˵ָҪô£
УţҺܿͻĪСܵ
ûһĪСܻйȥĪѩôˣһ۾֪Īѩôˣʱ䣬ץסĪѩزָţƤ챻Īѩˣѩԣ֪ѩܣѩҪţƤ̵ĻͲƯˣ
ö̲ס߶һ䣺ŶõʲôԼŮˣûǮҲˣɾ֪ģĪϵĹǮǲٵģ˼ңʲôң
ĪСܵİæúܿͰѷˣĪСʢ˷ȥĪƷƵģмпյԷӣȻϵտˮٰѲ˷ȥͲˡ
ȻþͱĪѩȥϴˣȻĪѩһĪʫӨľ·Īѩ̫Сˣ·ϣȻֱӸһµҲνôȳ˷Ҳ˯ˣ͸Īѩµġ
뵽þ̲סĪƷˣǵģ֮ǰ˵ʲôЩ·ҪӣȻôҲԸĪѩ
úĪѩѩԣǽ·Щˣ粮һ·òã
ĪѩģãȻĵָŽźܲ𣿡
ѩŶȻͲƯˣҲŶĵͷ뷨Ӻòã˵ţȴ̲ס̾ģⶳûκù
ĪҶԭӦúܿĵһٷûûζģĪȫ̺Īһ֪ʱж಻ŵĲӰԭֻڴΣÿﻹйңڵãʱȥϹ䣬ֱסˡ
Ī󽭸Ǹŵģԭңʮ¶ؼһΣ
ĪϴĪҲ첻żң֪ʲôȥżŻһμңҲܣɲĪ



ڶ ߵڰ
ǰһĻĪƷĺЦûΪֻҪİڳľǳϣĪƷɾóĪɵӰɣ
ԽίĵҪΪ
ĪһߵӣݺݵĵĪƷɡ
ĪƷɳסĪСٸĪСܳסֵܺߣĪ岻ݴǵǰȷʵСɲԣѾ˵ˣĪúףŮ𳤱ʵҲû˵
ĪƷɣ˼ҶǿӵרſӺӵ
ĪƷɱģĪӵĻͲˬˣĪСٸĪСҲΪԼĴ籧ƽȿֺĺǵģģ
Ȼͱϴˣ˰ɣˣǻѣ
Щҵı⣺ǵģûѡ
һ⣬ȴĵã˵ûѣ˼Ҹ𣿲˵ĸĻԼĺӣ˵ѣ˵˭ѣb)ˣ
һʱͲ֪ôӦˣ˵ûѣҲ֪⻰˵ȥֽͲˣΪĪƷɲ𳤱ʵ
ָõ𣿶ɩˣ
ĪƷɿȥˣܱﵹæ𣿼ֱԽԽæ
ĪںĳĶĪƷɵСɣ˵⺢ӣôأҪѧõķ֪ˣôˣ
ĪСٸĪСֱܼţţģ
ĪƷһѣӿĪƷһŰĪƷɣ
ĪƷҲѾڲסĳԼһϣǶѾüͷĪүүȲû˵үүһ⡣үүҵңԼҵĵܵǣүүǵӹú𣿡
ã˵ĪҲζƽôҲûúôأǰûа취ȣ϶Ҳ߯ûˣ
Ը⿴ĪƷҪڣͲĪƷɿˣСҪɣͷСɣֻ㣬˵û˵С͵ǿҪ
ǲ˵ǰ𣿡ĪƷɲƢʳϡ
ֲɱ˲ŻĪƷ˵ǰϾ͵˵̲סĪƷ֮ǰôϬǴԼôãԼҲɵǸСӣǸСܸɶ
ϧҪʧˣĪƷɿɲɵϻȡ壬浱ԭ
ĪƷɾ͵ŶǾûУ
һ룬漴ŭ˵㿴Сɵ͸˵ѣ
ĪƷʵģԽԽƽͣ˵˵ǰģ˵ǰȻûˡ
Сӣ˵ѻҲ°̲סܻ䣬ΪĪƷɲϣҲûޣۿʤĪƷȴϣܲһʱʧȥǡ
Ȼˣڳ˿ɶĪˣ˵ĪӡЩĪںֻֻĶȥϸǴŭϣ죬˭أ϶Զ಻ģĪӶϵĶӣĪƷӣԼȴУô񶾵ˣ
ƽ˵Ļѻ˵ǲǾҪڰˣҲݺݵ˵Żۺݺݵĵųϣ
ϵĳάĪƷ벻ģһѣ
ϸŵˣΪţϴĥϱֶοɲ٣˵ˣ˵϶ʲôҲǿģϵﻹǺϵģڿϷŭϾˣֻίĵҲǹģǻϻ𣿡
ĪȻԼϱҲæԲϱˣֲǲ֪ǣǸûŵģղžǱС˵ѸͿˣ
Ī󽭳ڣϲûôٿڳԣֻǻЩĪ󽭻ԼĸײͱĪˡ
ֳһʱĸгƵģĪöͷۣԳϵĻҲСӵĻҲͲ棬ɫÿĵûˣӱ죬Ҳ죡
ҶˣĪֿĪƷɣΪʲôѣ
ĪƷˣүүǰ㲻֪ƾ˵ңҵ鷳ƾһ仰˵˵ѣ˵ʲôʲôǲb)˵ԼɱҲ
磡ĪС۵ĿԼĴ磬ȻԼĴ磬Լ˺ί̲סۿĪСܲסˡ

ڶ ѵ
ּ֮ľڶѵ˵ʲôӦõģûʲô۲۵ģѩ⺢ӹɣҲϲĽûκεĲĵ˵ҲǼٻˣĪѩ⺢̫ˣɵᣬҲûϴߺӣȻҲ³ú
˵ţͰѻڿ޵Īѩź壺ѩԣϸһ˯òãϲС
϶ҵģ֪㶮£ģҲǲ֪ǵΪѣԵȸ˵ˣҾǰѩȥ
ȻĪѩҪ˯ĪӾͲøһ˯ˣȥĪС˯ˡ
ĪСҲͦ˷ܵĪȥģǲ˯ĪͷۣĪô˵ֻĪСȥˡ
ĪǷ˴ģԳҲҵ󣬵ڶһ𴲳ȥĪ󽭡
Īһһ߱ԹϵûɫһҲҵĻؼңĪҲˣ̵Ӵ治ףĪү֪ŶĶ𣿡
˵ģⲻ¶࣬æ𣿡ĪڨڨЦţҲǲ֪ˣ֪ôҪȥһ˻Ҵأ
¶Ҷ˵ˣҺݺݵİѵһ٣Ҳ̫ŵҲһ£Ǳæ¶治֪ŵҲһˣҲһʶӿɾͲˡģͷҿ϶ݺݵĳͽĪҲѧͻˣ֪ĪĵҪæתƻ⣬ੲݵ˵һͨеûġ
ĪȴǿĪ󽭵˼֪ﲻŵô죿㣬ΪԼõȥסӦ뵽ĺô죬ǴֱҲԣôҲѺӴϣǣе˵𣿰ĪԽ˵Խ̲סݺݵĳ
ǣôⷿҵǵ㹤ǮѽĪ󽭸ѵҲҶ죬ʵЩΪȻһʲôԼӿǰŵ׵ģϴ˲ģ϶ѧѧˣ˵СŮЩֲǹģ˵ЩԼҲ۰Ҳû
ĪʢŭĪҲҶ죬ֻܰѹڳϣⲻҲû뵽ôŵģһȥ϶ݺݵ´Ҫǻôʰ
´ΣôξʰĪĵ
ĪЦʵҲ֪ôʰܲڴɣǴСңŮ˵˲Ǻ˵Īûŵˣ
֪ôʰô֪ôǮôô໨ӣҿɸ㣬ǻͰѩչ˺ˣҲŮôôݵĶۣĪ
Ī󽭸ҵ²ˣĪȥǼ䣬ҲЩˣⲻ±֤ģ֮ǰҲû뵽ʹϣϸ˵źˣҾΪźˣ˭֪ôŵأģģͷһúýѵϵģ֤
Īɾ￴Ī󽭵ķ̬Ҳû취˵ݶˣ˵ȥĪ󽭸òͷˣĪ󽭻˼ŵ㣬ǰǼˣܲˣǲŽأ
ˣĪҲֻܻ˻ĪˣĪѩÿ
ĪƷ϶Ҫ˵ĪҲӲϾԼĺӣÿҪÿ϶ܶùܣ
ĪЩ˳⣬ڶǽһÿǸһһȭȻ緹ҸæģȥԼһΣǲʲôãȻ̫ˣƵĻεȥǴɨ
Īӵǽ˺ǰջĹҪæţĪϣĪ϶֪һƬТģĺˣ¶ܣҪ㲻˵Ҫģ
ŸĪںȥسĪʵдǰ⣬ڴߣӺôǮǵģʹǷָˣԼסžͱȽеҲģԼЩȥسסŶķӣĪ֪Ӧģǲʹ죡
ҲĪҲ磬ֻкܶأرز£Īǰãкܶ࣬ճͻֵأɣϰߵȵȵĸأĪܲʹ졣
ĪҲΪԼʹ죬ͲסˣԼӦõģ


ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ±ܵسǵʱĪںһЩΪĪҲܲͬտʼȰţĪں˿ȥ˵ܲͷĪͲ˵ˣȻСϣҲԼĵϣСϵ嵹ԽӲˣ˵濴ƹ˳Īţ˽أΥ
˵󷿵ӣһŮĪҲһĪϻһ㣬Ϊǫ飬Ҳ˳ĪĪ˪ĪҡͷΪũˣȴũˣͬƲԼʲô
ǳأȴһɳ˵İֱ˲֪˵ʲôڵ̬ҲǱ湧˳
Щ飬ĪģϿسǵĵط˲ֲ˲㣬˴ҪǮ⣬ãֵ֣ŮТ˳ŮгϢТ˳ܲ
ǸûаŵģãǴ󷿵ŮҲãΨһһЩëСҲڴѹˡ
ʵСϺܶ඼ũģֲʶһͨ˵ϸ˵ˣ˵ƭסˣ
ЩĪҲ˵ʲô˵ģУҲʲô£ھùҹɣǹˣԼҲû·ģôù
ЩĪҲûиĪᣬһĪںԲӣһҲǲĪӸŲġ
Ī֪ǣЩ˵ĪҲܲµϾǿԤģĪĲɣдϵģֻĪ˵Ҳʣֻүڼס̹
ĪĪӰæԭҲܼ򵥣ȻַˣǾͲҪˣϴۿѾв̤ˣ֪ʱԨС
ĪԼԭ򣬵ʱĪںпĪӵĵطԼʵۿҪĶΪԼϴ˳Ÿ϶ϴǣϣǻˡ
ĪĪӲʹ󷿵κ飬ܸĪںᣬϣᣬ鲻˵ģ֮ǰĪں˽⣬ֻҪлᣬһģ
Īӵûôֱ࣬ȰĪ¶ôܲأǸϴϵãҵͣеĵ˵ǲǣ˵ˣôˣһܸ㶨ģαԼһҪôãôأ
ӣû㿪ЦǵҪ϶㣡ڵҪ㲻˵ˣ˵ҲҪæ֪ңԼ뿴ʲôƵֲ˵õһ꣬ȻæģʲôɵĵģĪ
ĪķĪ̬ЩԣʵǷʲô𣿡
ĪĬһûʲô£ֻǵͦõģ׽ѧȥ
ûʲô£ȻĪĪǰѵִš
ĪЦЦûʲô£Ǹܷʲô£ֻǵܾǱ߿סԲԸӴҲѧĸõĺ˭ȥõܿ𣿡
Ī֪˵ͨ˵
ĪӾĪ⻰òЩһϣҺ˵ģĪȴֻվߣĪˣҲͲ
Īֽ֮󷿵ܣȻַˣҲΪȥܴ󷿵飬ɲϣ󷿵ĺҲܣ˼ҵĺԼֻ̣ǵСǸúӣлᣬЯһˣùܣ
ĪӼĪ˵֪£ֻĪ˵Ҳû취ܲΪЩٸ׽ϾɣϾ֮ǰسǿ϶סĲˡ
Ī룬Ī˵ЩĪںҲǸˣܳʲôأ
Īһˣÿһһʰ˾ͶʰһЩ˾ʰ㣬ǰլʰɾˡ
죬ĪƷɸĪСܹٷһ٣ˡ
һ죬ĪƷҲûţ﷢˵þûˣ˵ǼҿĿջиֺóԵģĪƷɲ˼кóԵҲŵĪƷɾ﷢ˡ
ƷɣƷɣˣ緹׼ûҶˣΪҳԺóԵģ緹ûأûͣأ﷢Ȳš
ļݳĳһүĵ㣬ûͣأ
﷢ͷһ֣ʲôүȥͣũҿջȻң߽ϻֵͦģȥ䣬緹ֱũҿջԣϣȻʱڿջңڱүͬѧˣȥ


ڶ ﷢
ּ֮ľڶ﷢һұ仯ܴԭţͲˣͷţҲڽˣԭĻҪֻҪˣҸ˲٣ʳʲô仯
ˣҵҲСһЩȷʵæƺܹϵ˼ź򣬱˵һĳһʹƽæһһ¼ȵȵģȻһ򣬼ȸָݳ
Ҳ֪﷢Ը˲˵ʲôֻ﷢˵Լڿջ䣬﷢Ҫǰȥͽڿջһ£Լ϶﷢עһ°ȫʲôҪԼ˵ˡ
ĪƷɳʱ﷢ĻҲ̲סˣ﷢˵㼱ʲôҲͣ³вôһ
﷢һı仯ҲСͷϴ˲٣͹ǼӴ󣬳ñͬ˸ߣĪƷСǰԽԵøߴˡ
аôûп죬죬׼緹ûҶҪˡ﷢ȴǵһסĪƷɵĸ첲Ȳߡ
ĪƷΣ﷢û˵緹Ҫԣɣȥջɣũҿջ⽺ģҾ⽸ô
ððϴξܵ˵ʲôţģ볢һˡ﷢ȲĵȻЩգ֪óˣҪȥ
Ǿ߿㣬߰ɵȵȣҪǶˣﻹӣҪҪȵӡĪƷʡ
﷢ȴҡͷҪҪҪţǿߣߡ﷢ߴĪƷɡ
ĪƷЩΣУУ߿㡱ڶ
ĪƷ֪﷢ôô߸ˣǷˣ⽳룬Сǳ룬ţеģģԼڶģȻָɵһ뼦棬ĪƷĿɿڴ
﷢ŷ룬һĨͣù񫡱
﷢ţȻóԣʵҲ飬ǿϧû⣻еҲóԣҲóԾ̫ˡ
ã˵һȻʳ
ĪƷÿЦã㲻ǷϻǶڶģ⣬㴿ڶĲˡ
﷢ΪͬȷʵⲻΪ˳ζôСɣѹҿջôЩʳȷʵǺóԣҲóԣҲó˵治˼ҲôóԵģ㶼һ˳Զʳ
﷢ʾԼķ߿
ĪƷЩΣҲ֪ϲ԰˵ˣʹ˵ˣ˲㣬ûб˰û⣬ҪĻ᲻ãǴȥѾˣžͲóˣ˵Թͺá
﷢ͷŴȵһ֣аɣ˵ǽʲôȥ
ʲô㣬΢䣬һ̫ˣȥ桱ĪƷɵ
и뷨ǿȥԣҸ˵ڴԵҲҲҲйͷǾȥ԰ɣ˵ҲұĲտĿɲˣ˻һȥԣҾĶô﷢ȲĵȻмƻ
Ҳǵһɣ컹ͦ䣬ȻȻؼңΡĪƷɵ
﷢ˣΣΣĪƷǲҪò׷һ٣棬ܱܲôɨ˵¶ǿ㵽ûгҰ
УУү˵㡱ĪƷɾͶж಻ѧϰ
ĪƷҲԼһ䣺ⲻǿ̫ûôɽⲻûɶ£Σ̫ˣɽﻹʲô뷨˵¡
˭֪̫ûɽΪɵǲǡ﷢ĪƷһۣ²ĵˣһȥ΢ðҵ˵˵ҵ΢ÿɲˣ㲻˵ĪԳٻȥҲȥһѵӵĸܡ
ĪƷɿȥ΢û˵ĺӣЩɣȥҪʲôҪ޶ɵģûжģĿʲôĶĵģҲ˵﷢ʵ﷢ǺܴģֻЩģ͵ѧϰɼڰ״̬
ҲڣԴӸĪƷɹϵԽԺĪƷɽͬʱĪƷӰ죬ҲЩȻǰҲεġ
﷢Ȼ붮ĪƷɵĳɣְĪƷһۡ


ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ»﷢ߵôӵܣѧϰҲûôòã˵ˣ㲻˵΢ʲôܽ𣿻ƲأߣϷӶ˵ˣУʦɣҶûǺãҲЩã𣿡
ʣ﷢ǴĪƷѧģõĺ˳ڡ
ĪƷЩΣ㵱ȻǱˣƲأֻȥҪʲôȽϺãȻ룬ҲʾĵĵԼ˼˵ҪǱ¶ĵģҲúܵӵҲֲң
˵ָ飬﷢Īģ﷢ֱԹˣ˵ܲҲĵĻ⣿Ҳ֪ĪƷ˵ЩҲپһˡ
﷢Ҳû¶ϣ²ǿңҲô׵𣿷ģȥ¸д֣Ҳϵģ֪֮һеġҶˣ㲻˵΢ʲôǿ϶û˽ɱɣһҿȥɱ
﷢˵ţһ󣺡ôɣ
ĪƷɺԼûˮȻ϶Ҫʧ̬ɱʵҲǲԣ﷢ܱܲôЦһ˾Ȼȥѧýɱ
ĪƷǱǿǿסûЦ
﷢￴ˣĵĪƷɣ
ĪƷ֪﷢ˣæ͵ǣ﷢¶治㣬˵ͬȥѧǽ飬˵ҲʶΪҲȥģ˭֪ðһɱҳϣ¶ûʲôëҲû뵽ֻҾǾЩ
˵꣬ĪƷɾҲûסˣЦòУȷʵ˼﷢Ǹ
﷢ĪƷɵĽͣ룬ҲˣֻװҪø첲һקĪƷɵĲ§ĪƷû§ţ㻹ЦҿûʶСүˣ
ĪƷɿɹ˲ˣһţ﷢㷢ʲô裿˵ٴˣңû֣ûȻˣ
﷢Ҳ֪ĪƷɵĹ񱣬Ҳֻôһ£͵ǳͷѵĪƷɣĪƷɹȻͷſ֣ЩĵңҲҪù˵С壬˭˭أզЦҲ㻹Цң
ȻҡͷԵĲ⣺СɣҲ˵㣬˵Ĺ񱣿ֲŮӣʲôõģƽ￴ΪҲ󷽣һϾͷŲأ
ҲƢãϵҲãǨ㣬Ȼ㿴˼ңϵĺãǹ˵ˣ
﷢ĪƷ˵Żأͱһǳˡ
Ƹո΢Σջƹ˵ĪƷɴͬ¥òͣ
ͿһĻʱˣ̣ûסѵʲô﷢ʶҲ֪һĻ̲ˣҲ֪﷢ǹģ֪ĪƷ˵ݣ̲ˡ
Ƹ磿ˣ﷢һתͷܸ˵ĵƸ磬ǿջĶóԣƷɾر𲻹˼ңȻˣ﷢ȸ״š
СɿǵĲȫǸ´ԣʱ﷢ЦӭҲٺѵ⣬ֻ
Ȼ󲻶ɫʵղڴ֣Ϊʲô£
˵أƸ˵Ʒɹ֣Ȼ﷢ٴζȸ״İѸղŵľ׸һͨ˵
Ҳ﷢ǸûɫģȻ﷢ͻͦģǼʵûЦֻһĪƷɵǸһĪƷɿ⣬ҪźۼӰ﷢﷢Ҫÿ˲ͬãžһηĿԡ
ĪƷȴòƴЦļƣüƵ鲢ûôãüƺƻԼһۣһʱЩĪԼûʲôɣ
﷢Ҳûưã¸߰Ҫȥ΢Ͽˡ
Ҳ¥һߵģԻҲ֪ôɱúõļʶһȴСƽƹи˲ٺвϡģղգ
գôգΣҪֻæˡ
ûãưѹźˣֶ˹ƽǼ䣬Ÿæ΢øϣʵǲģ뵽ղһĻľͶµĻţĪƷɣȻ֪ԼݣǾӦøͬѧ־룬﷢֪֪ܲôȻֵ﷢ûصģͷҪǻôֶŵأֱдŵôأ
Ȼ﷢﷢ܲ˳ۣ˵˱ˣ﷢ôһ㶼أǸçϲʲôԼ˵ǸԼδ޴һʲôȥ


ڶ Դ
ּ֮ľڶ³ԴԼƵǽһڰƵģ
Ȼˣ£ֻиûڣĪƷվ΢ÿЦöᣬ紺ʱûڡ
̲סȶׯ˷гɺͳ
ĪƷĪƸ磬ûʲôɣЦѵЦˣ
ĪƷҲû£ֻÿǽ鲻ãָڸѧɱε﷢Ƹ磬㿴﷢Цˣ˵ôôأ﷢жϸǰѵµѧòУһƬ
ʵ﷢ûɱΣʹĸǽΰˣϾ΢ȻʲôĹ淶˽ӣȴҲԼĹأ˭ʲôξʲôΣΪϼһЩҺӵͷΪѣԶ顢֡Ŀγ̾ͱȽϷḻˣ̶ΣҲϰʱĿΣȻϰΣϰθ̶бΣԴΪûо͸ΪϰΡ
﷢㽲ɱҪֻˣȻ籾Ͱź˿γ̣
﷢ҲǹϿε񫣬Ͼѧѧأֻбӹ̵ܽķݣ̱ܽˣһûýϲˡ
µѧǵͦϲ﷢ģ﷢Ŀγر˼
ûúЦǰһϿεĵطԸ࣬˷˵˵ЦЦУɺͳ
ĪƷȴΪ⣺Ƹ磬Ͳ֪ˣĵطûҲһҪǳĳأҵǾ﷢νòƸ磬ܰѿϵ죬Ҳһֱ£ôҲǼģúǷģȻȻϲϣѧ֪ʶӡҲ̣ѧúǵõȤֱһã
⻰ܲ˳û취Ϊ֪ĪƷ˵Ķԣֻܺ
ĪӱǵĻЦĪڸϿΣЦ̵ģЩ棬ͣ˿γ̣߳û뵽﷢ȷʵͦ˼ġ
﷢Ľѧ壬ľݵҽ£أҲʵʣЩǳԵĵǽѵõľĪƷ˵Ĭϸˣ﷢ĺȤζִŸֵ飬Ȼʧ࣬ȴú̿
ĪƷɵĻĪӲ˼˵С˵üǣ﷢⺢ԣܰѿϵôȤǲףû츳ɲУ
ôˣβǻûꣿĪƷʡ
˵ЦҾͳϽȥĪ˵Ȼֻ˽
﷢СӶɵȷʵΪϻֻۣһÿΣ¿εʱ죬﷢ͷ΢õһЩ㣬ĪƷɵСɣԭ˵Σ˵ľ޷ӵģôЩǽ׵ģûֳһ£˭֪ǵǶǲû֣ӡǲ̣
ѧõķʵ̫ˣⶼǴģʵμ穣׾ݣҲӰɣ﷢֪΢õʵ
ĪƷɻûʲôأ⻰ȷʵ΢˵Щȷʵ⣬Ȼ﷢ͦ˳۵ģò˵﷢ⶼڵϡ
﷢ĪȻкˣһֱĪҶһٺóԵģˮѼӳ⣬б⣬ţȵȵӲˣԵ﷢춼ֱͣ񫡣
緹﷢ĪƷҲû˯ɽˣ﷢ļȻǴģõһֻҰһֻҰãȻĪңֱտ
﷢տҲܺãȻûзȻʲôģζȷʵǺܺãѵõİ⿾ãܺóԡ
﷢һٻũҿջ³Ʒ⻬㻬ϺԵ㼫ˣԹżΪķȥ
һ죬ȫͬ﷢Ȱ˼Σ֪ǸæˣҪ΢õӣҪջæģȴЦ˵ûϵ
Ҫ˵տʼĪƷɻûӦҲڳٶ۵̶ȣ뵽һƾͲˣӲǱӣ۾۾ģĪƷɾ̲סЦ
﷢ûעʱĪƷ͵͵˼Ƶһ£СĹ˹ŷſ
һʼһ漴˶оˬ˲٣ûôˣû棬ưοԼǲĪƷɣҲǲֻǹйŮһ˿ܹ鲻á
﷢ԵʱҲС۵Ĵ﷢﷢һֻҰһֻҰãֻҰֻҰãһֻӣòԵġ
﷢ȴû˵۳ݵĿƣƸ磬ֵҵǸҿãļȻ˵ãƸܽ̽𣿡


ڶ С
﷢ĳһ㶼ûаοƵļƣΪɲǸ﷢ģǸĪƷɿģûĵĲĿˣֻ﷢򵽵һֱֿģüƵû
ĪƷЩΣǰôûּôԭͦһްôͻȻͱأȻ˷ͷҲ﷢﷢ǿأ
ȻʱʱİǰһΣ﷢Ժûۣ·ʱŶ࣬
ĪƷɿЦüƾȻҲûǵʱⲻǷϻôأôû
ۿżƾȻ﷢ĳݣȻ﷢һҲ﷢Ĵ󣬻ЦúֹֻܺƷɣôƸ粻ϲңûɣ
ĪƷװɵУо˰ɣϲ㣬һ죿ĪƷɶûۿˣƸ⸱Сôģ
﷢ǾԼûоȻسʵĴյǰƸ磬һҺܸˣֻô񲻴ϲңǲ˵ʲôʲôµˣУ˵ҿ϶ģֻӴֵģʲôðģҲǹģһĳϿҺ
ɰѼƸҭͨ죬һ仰˵ԣ
ĪƷĿɿڴĿһĻ漴Цֱֱˣ﷢Ӵ
ȵ﷢ˣҰʰ꣬ϴ룬ʰӣˮȻȥϴ··еɨأСҪ·ڶðҰ·ãȻһ
ĪĪӡĪƷɡƵȲܴСеŮĶڰæҲûкǳ⣬οǰһĻڵһӣ
ȵæˣĪƷɲйƵദҪȥʵЩ鷳ģΪĪסһֲ֪飬˻ҪܿĪ
뵽ЩĪƷ̲סЦƸ磬˵Ҳǵģ﷢ǿˣˣͲŵ𣿡
ƱĪƷԼ˿ϲֻŬĪƷҪοԼΪʲôҪοҲ֪;Ӧ˭֪ĪƷſھ𱸣ȻЦ⣬ǲˡ
ĵ㣬ҵʵҲ׾ˣǲǶ﷢ĲأԼǷˮ˵ĺôԼɵʵûӳ
ɼˣֲǱԣʲôˮˮģ
ɵӣֲǱԣ˵ˣƸ﷢ӮҲʰ˲ǸûӣƸ㵽ôģ˵ɫǲÿǳӡ
Ʋˣ¶ȷʵͦɵģô
ĪƷЦеģƸ磬ǲǳԴˣ
ûУʶķϡ
ûУĪƷʡ
ģƾԼЩȣ
ðɣһԴףһµģȻ㲻ǳԴףҾͷˣˣĪƷɴĵ
ƣ
ƲЩίĵĿĪƷɣ·˵۸ң
ĪƷ̲סĸһҪ֪Ƶĳ༫ãüŨڣͦ񿡷Ƿһ˫۾ˣ˿ȴĿԼִŵί˲ͰĪƷɲסˡ
ĪƷ룺Ҳס񰡣
ĪƷһƵ֣Ƶָȣ⺮¯һĴڣů͵̲סҪ
ĪƷҲίԼһ߽ԼֶֻƵУһ߽ͣˣˣˣ﷢ͬѧԸֵģҲû˼ֲ֪ݣҲͽ죬֮ǰûҵģҲԺֻȻǿ˰ȻҪúдȻʧǣȻﲻ֪ˣ
ƱĪƷɱִСһһʶҪſ漴᲻ãԼǿĪƷɵС䣬ֵģˡ
ʶսĵֻСֻ֣ϸ壬̲סĦһ
ȴֻǿǿסֻȴ컣忪ʼȣﲻ֪ʱûԹ
ĪƷɵĻƳͻֻʱ̲סЦ
ĪƷˣܲܿްɣ˵̫
ƲĪƷһһﶼԼ˼ֲˣȤ
ĪƷжˣǲǸЦ㿴Ц㲻ЦЦЦȻ⻰Щ̱ܺõİסƣĪƷĬĬ﷢˵ǸȴҲ˿ӦԴ׵£С۵˷ָ

ڶ 
ȥһسǣҵĪӣ
ʱĪµĿγ̱﷢֮ǰǳãԼƸĪ˵ԺĪҲóˣʵ΢ÿ쵽ڣǮǮѾҪˣʵϸҲǮ
΢μ穵ӣʵЩС΢Ҫ¹滮һʲôԣĪӶ˽ĺˣЩ츳ԼȥЩû츳ûٶȥıҪȥѧЩģЩӶһȤĪӶһ㿴ԸԷĸĸ顣
΢õĿٹ滮һˣԺ༶Ͱյ뷨һͺãҪĻ̫࣬ҲǲԣһѧҪߣһ棬Ҫˣ
ֻһ࣬ķ桢ʫʼһģȻṇ̃ǿԣ鷨һҲã滭΢ѾһϷӣÿѮ̶ĽڿΣһĵǺ˵ĪƷɹ׵ľžų˷ھ򵥵ļӼ˳Ժ˵㹻ˣҪ࣬ǾҪˣԼרԼóģʫʼ;ˣ鷨һټѿγϸӶһЩעƷӵоֹɣ
ںӵɽ׶ЩǱȽҪģ
⣬һЩסαǻľέȵˣЩ˹̶ʱ֪ʶȻһ½ڻúжֵĻᣬ֪˭ȽϲʲôϲʲôЩȽ츳
ĪӳµĹ滮в԰ΣԼ˵ʱĪʶӦȥɣһŷӦҪȥسǣ
ҪȥسǿɲС˵ôĪҵģȻΪʲôҪĪ˵Īֲƹж
ĪӲͬˣСƣУ̫Σˣһĳһûأ
壬Ҿòģⶼôʱˣ˵Ѿûڴʲôˣֹȥôʱˣ˵ԷΪѾˣ˵ˣͷȥʱ΢װһ£ͿԵģƵ
ĪӻٷԵģֻؼƲ֪Ϊ쳣֣ĪҲü˵ЩҲͬˣϾܲһӴڴطȥɣ
ĪʼƣǺðɣֻСҪСһЩ鲻һֻһ˵μʲô߻ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷԴӹʱǸԺ󣬲ٻʲôˣ
ĪЩźǼٶʲôҪ˭ҲسǶ˵սľƵģֻنµĶඣСģŷż뿪
ʵȥҲΪ˱ģǸĪƷɶĵһ꣬ȥܿҪˣϵǮЩȥĪƷͷΣӻʲôģŮϲĶҲ󶮣֪ĪƷϲʲôƽҲûϲʲô
ڶһ磬ƾسϡ
ĪСٸĪƷɼ֪ƾȻҪȥسǣҲЩģֻ˼һװ磬ҲʤڰȫҼǳˣ֪ԼʲôֻһüСĵ⣬Ҳ
ҲЩģԴȥ˾ֱس¥ӣ˾ͻһһҲᵢ̫ʱ䣬һ磬ԼûмĴ棬ֱǣŽس
ƵسǵʱѾˣȻûسǣǶƷȴ壬ũҿջס߳ԶĲھֵˣƼȻģʹسõ¥ļңֻ΢һ·ֱ
͹ãʲôҪģһСš
ƵǼ۸ʮҵƷƣҪ־µģϺõģǲҪƲںֻںÿƾûأ
͹٣ҪλΣʮӵĻԽɫĶҲˡ
ԣֻһʮµģÿģԣƵ
ϣҵ᷿ƣСš
СһͶ˼Щɻ⣿ҲǿȻһ㣬ȲСŸ˼ƽ᷿Ѷùѡ
ѡǼƿ˶ϲúһ㣬СѾƷˣü⣬ҪǼƷԸ̫ȻˣСҷ򶼴̯Ӳźˡ
ʹСҲǰп࣬ʼƣ͹٣ʱҲȻ˵ϸһЩҲźðѡǣ

ڶ ϣ
еָС˵һ¾Ҫ󣺡Ҫµģϵεģµģ
ҪԵС˵˵˸û˵һû취Сֻһ˵ûƹ񶼻ˣⲻǹҵİɣ
С˵ŲŮʿƷҲ⣬ƹõСʮҼ۸ϣƲԼģһ滭Ŷƣ׹գֻҲӭĪƷɵ֣ؼǹպãǺĺܾ£ĳ΢һξͲΡΡģ˵ı棬滹ñʯ׺۾򣬷ǳĺÿ
ȻʱһˣС͹٣˵ǿĵģΪǽģټЩǶıʯӿɲˣʮ򲻵ģ
Ҫ٣ʣӵʱ򣬾֪϶˲ˣǱʯҲǿſԲûʣֹʯʵؾ֪˲ˣ
С˸֣ʮ
ҡҡͷӾԲֵʮСʵڻ
Ǹɱۺ֣Ҳ֪ΪʲôаɣƲȴܰӵһЩëʮļ۸ˣ۸ȻǵСˣֻƹĲȨ
ƹɬ͹٣̫ɱˣʮԣҲҪС걣ܣ۸ǵˣ
Ҫ˵úõ˾ռأƼƣʹװˣɣоֹƭ˵ģԵõСƹŴ
ƵͷƹģƹļȻҷ㣬ȻẦƹ񣡡
ﴧӣĪƷյĸˣ鲻ԾľϲЦݡ
ţƯȴûһģ´ΣԼ䣡
·ҲҪسǾӪĲׯĻǴӸģ´νʱˡ
һŮͷҵţһɧ
ʱϹ˹ڲ¥Ķ¥Ų裬ΪգүǵڻûҵСӣͲˣҪûүϢô죿
Ϲ˹û֮ǰǳҲ̾ҰɣҪˣҪʬܾСþСôõˣžޣĶţ㿴Сھܻӭôõˣôأ
Ҳ͵ͷɲǣС˫ȫ϶أȻԸЩȴǺܹŮӭģһɵģ
漴̾˿Сﰡ漴һȭҲСӼ࣬үǻҵСӵģ
Ϲ˹Եͷģ
ǰɧң飬ǣϱһ£˭֪ǸŮﲻײȴƫƫײ
ӣȾСŮӣҲһ̧ͷϹΣ˵δױ㣬Ծ£˿ӯӯ˵ĳˣ
ȴҡҡͷǲ˵ԷͺãҰﲻ㣡˵ţ䵭İѲץסӴӶԷϳҪǣˡ
Ȼʱ׷ļȴΧִˣΧм䣬ȻһҡӣһҡһεĻι
ҪĪƷƾҪ˵װˣȻģҡӣӲô
Է֣ҲǷʳ֣ǽŲ鸡ɫԲ԰ףۿĺȦȻǳڰҹҹҹϸ¡
ʱһεĻι˵أСӼôɾأˣ˵ţ´˼һۣȻЦСӣ㿴үˣ
ԣλﲢκιϵλ֮ǵĶԹҲûйϵ£»£ȸˣЩãüͷ΢壬Լ⣬Ҳ£һֵ
Сûҵɿ˵ûϵСӻǹԹԴҰɣṫӻӣһ˵
ƿûԼˣҪǣҪߣЩȴû˿ò˼
ƱŲµͷٴοˣλӣǻ£
ûƣָСӵЦ䣬ǵСӶֶ㣬ֶ˼ƱϣӣȾҰɣ
ǲãǣ˵ûҲ֪֮Ƿǹϵ²ܰҲﲻˣҪԼ£ܿӾûзߵ˼
ӣǸСû뵽ƻô˵һʱЩȻ

ڶһ £
ѾõˣҲ̲סˣʲôӣ²һũӣʲôȨ֮ˣһƺǹǽǷãû˵𣿡
ṫһЦС˵öԣСӰ˵㿴˭ãôСŶףǺڵģôһˣôͿأָܾ㣿ѱˣ
ƿṫӣλӣҲѾˣÿҪˣ
ߣߣСӲΪ˱ӣŰȻ뿪ɣѱӵʲôˣˣӵ鰡ṫḡԼ
ӣҺ㣿ûκιϵλҲʶҲʶֻ·Ϻúõţ³ײǣ·ˣ
ôûϵͳ㹴˱ӵδС檣Ӿ㲻ãṫӺȻ
ƺȻսһ£漴ɿ̣ӿɷЩҺ˭ҶʶΪȣңǷ̫Щ
ݣ㣿ṫָԼıӷ·ʲôЦһ㲻ŵģЦ˼˵û㣬ִΣ
ȻˣҲˣ˵ף˵ôˣΪʲôṫָǸСӵֻȣȣ㻹˵ǹ
ֻĪҲ̫ˣҲľȭͷսӽЩӦλңºθɣ
θɣȾĴṫӺЦ
ЦһˣŵȭͷһȭȭǸЦòĹӣƶˣԼͷﳤȥԼװģϤ˿϶ϲоǸģʱԼһѣûϵóԼ
޿̣
ּƻΪ⼸һֻЩͨȭŹ򣬲ʲôӣ
飡۵۵Ŵ򶷿ʱжңΧȦ̫ӰԼķˣƥҲû취ֻԭشţĺףԼȻҪ
ṫ˺üȭһʱЩǺģһڳݲĺȱӣӴ
ʵϣڿṫӱǾͶˣṫҪǻڱﻹĹǺ
µ¥ϵϹ˹񣺡ôˣ
˿ʱ˫ѾһˣṫӻＫţݺݵģ򣬸Ӵһָֻŵģȥһȥأȥˣ
տʼϹ˹񶼲Ϊ⣬ֻ˫Էֻǿſţ񻹺ãϹ˹ȴЩԾС㿴ǸӵȭǷ죿ôǡ
СӣͬĵҲϤˣùһһĨһģɲϼǹ
Ѹٵվ𣬲ǲǶҪȥһ
ʱǸﲻ֪ôģִյ˼ƺߣҲǣƺȫģṫӿˣʱҲת˼ƺ棬⡣
ǹȴΪṫ׷ԼǾţҪ˵ղűƵĻ˵ĵģۿż񿡷Ƿ˿һ˧ȻȻľ뿿ˣüаȫС
ǼƵɷǰɣĺɷ
ֻʧĵӣң׷׷ˣǹ͵˵ϣü˲˸׸
ֶԼƶԲʲôвɴܵʱҲҪȫעΪ˫಻ǴϣοԷˣһСʧصĺڹؼʱ̡
ƸԷ򶷣ȻҲעһº棬ҪǰæҲûƽǸŮԼ߶ѣο·Ҳġ
ֻû뵽ûйķ㺦򲻴о飬ܿɼʹҲЩμ穣ϾԷˣһŲͱ˻ͷ
ֻ򣬼ҲʱϹ˹ѾһĻͫһ͵һȣӶң
˵ţѸٱȥϹ˹һֵֵһźߣͬʱĹֻоͰѴǴ仨ˮģ
ʱȴͷޱȣЩˣֻǿţ˷ͷζȴǶĿѣģֱһڣ

ڶĶ δ
ּ֮ľڶĶδĵķżƣˣæСӣСӣûӦæϹ˹ү죬Сεˣ
ѾǳȷҪҵСˡ
ȷʵװ磬Ҫ˭ˣİ϶ϲģ˵ýЩֳܷԾˡ
Ϲ˹Ҳܵģ֪ƥǼƵģҲһǣߣż˼ҽݣȥ˴
شݵǸϴֻҡҡͷӵ󡭡Щ֣˵ͷܵײбѪʱٴܵײͲ֪Ǻǻֻ󣬺õĿԾӶ࣬Ӧò޴󰭣ܿ
ǷҪӣʵ
ϴҡͷҲҪλǷһٰѰѪǷȻǲһģԴ
ҪòȷӣϹ˹⣺ܷ˷ӣȻ뿪
λڵǲҪͶ٣ǲѣҲҪϺӣ𵴣ϴ
Ϲ˹ˣ룬ɴչš
Ϲ˹ȥţǺ£ϢҪϽϹùүЩӦԷ⣬ҲΪ֮ǰĴɱǲ⣬ҲΪʲô֮ǰܷϽ뿪
ϴǸģ鶼źԺתҽݣõ˺ϢϴѾҩҩˣֻŻͷټԣ
Ǽߴϴϴ󲻵ѲſҩҼǵãѪˣ⸱ûл⸱
ͷʵЩˣöԷԼСѾļƽˣ
ΪϹ˹ˣǾˣ˵Ƶƥνˣͷһžǣ
˵ĪߣԴӼˣĪƷɸĪСٻĪ֪˾ЩģǺ뻹Ǳˣ˵ԼϹ룬ȥôˣʲôأ
ȻֱĪƷǷѧûмƻĪӶˣСɣڼţȥﲮ賵뻹ȥس￴
᲻Ƹڸϻ·ˣĪƷҲģֻ˵ʱˣ
ˣٵȥˣһƸʲô£ˣĪӼƸԭ˵ȥȥͻصģûҾĥ˵׼ʲô¸ˣǶˣ
Ҳ̫ˣɣһȥس￴ڶˣﶼˣ϶ȥˣĪСҲļټҲû취
ĪƷʵҲţɻǿ򶨵ĵƸ˵ʲôµˣҲһˣǾͱԼԼˣ
С˵ҲûȥسǾҪþãȵʱ򶼲֪ʲôʱˣҲûس棬ʱûôȥĪƷɵ
ǰ̫ΣˣĪСҲοҲǳ£ûпƸļˣҲ˵׼
ҪͺˣĪأЩյĵ֪ͲƸȥˣʱҾӦȥس￴
ҲǿĪѾûڶסˣΪϻˣĪסڴȥˣԼҲڣ򿴵Щ롣
һϴҶûϢãĪӸһû˯ĪƷɸĪСҲֻСһЩš
ڶϣʱҾ˯ˣæƫƫŴѩ
ĪҪȥسǣĪƷɸĪСҲҪţĪӵСɣС٣ǻҪȥѧãǾڼﲻȥˣ˵׼ԼԼȥ˵
Ҳ֪Ůӣ鱾ҲҵıְȥûϵοƸҵδ򣬲ôӦȥСٻǱȥˣȽҪҾ˵ģĪƷ
ĪС鲻һʱ䣬ǳӣôܲأ˵ˣ·иûã£Ҳܻһ£
̲סˣүܱڼŵҲĽһȥɣԶˣ
Ǳ߱˵ĪƷɾҲǡ
ĪƷɶĪСٵС٣Ҿ㻹ȥϿαȽϺãȻĻ˭٣
ǻзǲҪȥҷǽãĪСٵ
ĪƷ͸ңҺü޷٣Ȼ䣬ԲǸԼҲ˲٣ұУһʱ򣬴ĲŲ䡣
﷢ʱѾˣ﷢˯˵ҪûҲûʣ˳



ڶ Ϣ
ּ֮ľڶϢһ·ۣسǵʱ򣬳Ѿˣ˶ӽسǣĪƷǾֱտı
ĪƷҲû취ģ˭ǸûʼȥʲôأԸ޴ֻȥտı󿴿ܷܰæ취
տı˵Ժ󣬾ЩЦˣûش𣬷Īӣӣʵ˵ǸƵʲôˣ
ʲô˼Īһȴǿ򶨵ĵҵһѼҵĺӰ
ĪƷɸĪСҲһȻһۡ
ֻѵĺӣҴûʹ㣬֮ǰҲô˵֪ģϵôãӶʱʶˣཻڣ֪ܲĸĺҲҸ磬ڻһѣô֪ʶռ͵ģȾ֪Щô֪иռ͵Ĵңù˵ģտıʡ
ıͱˣ¶˵ˣûôǹ㣬ʵǡĪӿЦ
տ壬ô˵ǲʲôϢĪƷæʡ
տıɫЩأܴ˵ĶӾ˵ڽϱˣܴ˺ȥ֣˵ֱһһٴˣ֮ǰڻشιˣܴȥһܴ˺ջ𡣡
ĪƷ˵ĶʱһĪСЩɣ⣬տ壬Ӧòôɰɣ
ǰտ壬ƸǸ֪ˣôԵ޹ʴأĪƷҲæ
ĪɫȴЩأı˵ܴ𣿡֪ģֻܣ
տıͷһ߻شĪƷǵĻСɣС٣տҲϣǣǾտ֪ģҲôһ£ãǵĻ˵տıЦһ£ΪؼǣǲǣǶܳȥˣΪҪǵĻܴջţҲйĳڣ
ǣȥײǹϣ˵ծӳҲţǣ˺֮ģǺ
ǲǣʱ̫ˣһȥܴᣬ֤ǣⲻҪһģûҵǲҲˣտıƽҲ㹫ƽ漰Լĺӣ˭֪ô
ĪЩɣɣ㹫
ûһ仰Ѷϼ£ܹӵΪˣǲ֪ܹӱԺֱӾȥ֣ӣԼɣտı΢֪
ĪƷɵѵͲ𣿡
ɣ˵˵֪жһ£ǻʲôÿṩһͷ˴һ£տıСسû
УһƥɫģĪϵ
˵Ǹ˵ǸṫӣƤڣȲһɫ޷ղȥһ¥Ʒ˵һֻǺϵһƣտı
ЩҲջ𣬾׵ȥŴϢ֪ôϸ
ĪƷȴԽԽеϣôɵ飬ʶôһˣͬ·ͬƤڣȻͬãһƥͬĺɫ
ؼǼƵҲҲƵļ˻ңеĶˣʲô˵ģ
տıЩ֪ģǻʲôҪʵ𣿻߻Ҫʲôǲ֪ͷʣ
ˣտ壬ôˣѾϸˣĪСæȻ뵽һ㣬ĪտıʵǺΣյģϾгڵģǳ֪տıڴǻẦʵʲô֪ǵۣ
ĪЦı鶼ˣ֪֪Ҿ͸ţ
ĪƷòУʲôΣʲôΣȱεⲻȱ𣿡
ĪƷ⻰һտı񣬲ɵ´ĪƷĪȴûע⵽
ĪС侲ĵ㣬Ǳ𼱣տ岻˵𣿺ƸҲ˾ˣ˵ûΣգֻҪƸ簲ȫˣ
ĪƷɸĪСٻżģȻһͺ࣬һ˵Σһ㡣
㣿տı֪Լʱ򳶵ķȥȴ̲סˣôоĪܶ飿
տıЩˣӣȻȸҽһô£տı֪ң̲סˣʶôõСӾȻɸŮӣ
տı󲻽ԼЩϹôһĪƷȷʵǸƫŮһЩϧԭĪƷɳúãΪֹԻЩ˭ȥ⾹ȻǸŮ



ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶĪӵһ£ĪӿĪƷһۣѯĪƷɣܲ˵Ϊ˵˵ˣĪƷɵϡ
ĪƷҲܲضˣοҲѾ˹׼ˣͷ
ĪӿЦһ£ı󣬾СɣʵŮӣǼûзּңҲ֪ġ
տı붮ϾԭûּҵʱĪһ¶֪һЩģĪӵĸҲû˺øС
аԭҿͦظģû뵽㾹ȻôеҪеҲڱ۸տı⣬ֻû뵽Īƽ￴ʵû뵽һʵ͸ôŮаֱˣ
ĪЩΣҲ򲻵ѣҲĸûֻͣίСɣ˵ţĪεĿĪƷһۣѾĪӵĽˡ
ĪƷɵûע⣬ȽϹļƵǱߵģǱץߵģû֮ǣȻ˵ԱΪദôʱˣҪˣôΪԱأ
տıǿһĪƷɣΪȻҿСøˣũ壬ʽѧˣС˵Ǻ£Сԭʲô
ҲĪֻǲǷķɣϼϢĪӽ͵
֣ҲͦõģҲǹİôɣҿСҲС˰ɣʲôʱָСɵݣжҲҪϽˣɱˣտı˵ţȻ뵽ղĪƷ˵ΣȻ˵ġ
տıЩ˼ĿĪӣӣǶĻǸŮɣ
ĪƷɣ
ĪЩˣ·ǵƵģ⣬ǣһֱСԺԺ;СɸСƣ
ĪЩģ˻죬æտ壬ҵǻͷ˵ܲȸңȷԷǾƸ𣿶ץߵģ
ҾǾȣΪ˵ˣȥҽݣû֮ǵģտıҲҴƱֻǴ֪жϣ
ĪƷɵҲüȻ˼ƣȻǾģɱģʱͰĶˡ
õҪϢĪҲû˼ڳˣտıҲ⣬ҲҪȥӦîˡ
ȻصĪӰϢ˵ˣĪҶһƬңѾöͣʱ޵죬ֵģӼƵİΣ
õ˺嶼ãֻĪƷɺŹãҲ֪ǲΪĪƷɷֵ
Ƶ뿪˼ܴĲȫУЩճĪƷˣҲȥϿˣĪƷȥϿΣҲţҲҪĪƷһ˯ĪƷҪѧҲҪһȥѧãȥĪƷѧá
ż뿪ĪҶ˺ü죬Ī֪ʲôֻЩΪʲôͻȻˡ
ĪǿһЦС˵ҪԼȥƴе徢ͦõģûţ
ʵϣĪҶҲֻܰοԼӦǱߵģǱץߵģȻʹﲻ֪ôء
Īôʱȥˣ
ĪӵСһѣ˵ʲôѵãҲ
ĪҪʲôǺȻĪӵı飬ߵĻȥʶܼƵ뿪ûô򵥣ĪҲʡ
ƲڶԶӰ컹ǺܴģһǳڸһļڶĪƷɸƵĻ£ֱ⣬ĪЩڵĲʣҲЩڣԼһκԼŮһżƽ¾ͺãһڸƵĻ£׸
ˣƽƽ֪ǻأָô죿ƽĻ᲻ȢĪƷɣǿŮأòҵһͶ˸飬δɷȴûˣ뱲Ӹ޶û䣬ԭû黹⣡
뵽Щ̲סΣ涣ĪӶֹסĪƷɣĪƷɲ⣬οøĪӣ¶ҪһЩֻҪƸƽʵġҵ֮ͬ⣬ΪǱѧ߻ܵҼ޲ȥǸҪ˵ĸûУǰҲǰƸ統ţ
øĪҪô뿪ͺˣ۵ĪƷֻĽͣ˽ͣҪֵµģʵҲͦ۵ġ
ΪĪƷȻԼƵĸ鲻㲻ǼٻﻹЩʧģһߵļƣһֲ֪Ժ䣬Ȼ֪ĽǲˣҲϲˣںˣ޲˵ģ֪û￩⿩ġ



ڶ ΢ñչ
ƫƫܰԼЩԼֳĪƷҲЩۣɿСԼҲֻܼװ£·ûһӰ죬˵ʵеġ
һֱǸϸδ򣬴ӶԺпձؽͣ΢ڵʱеƣȱʲôܼʱϣȻ٣ǶĹȴһ㲻٣ֱǻĸоܲ
֮ˣǶԼû˿ĸ飬ֳܱҲǺģֻҹ˾һ˵ʱ򣬷ȻһĬĬżƵƽֻҪƽͺãزȢȢʵҪˣ
Ϊ˲ԼڸУĪƷɵѧϰҲ̿˺ܶ࣬ɢԼע
ãƵ뿪ĪҶֲ㣬ջ˶ˣһҲǿܶϣĪĲׯǱ߾óˣҲҵ
ӡˢߣĪĪȥҲˣѧߣֻĪҶˡ
΢ÿҲҪһˣ΢õĿıҲֻΪɣһѾǳˣĺܶܶѾһˣЩѧϲʲôóʲôĪӶ˽⣬ڵҪѧȻʱһºǡ
ԣĪƷɡĪС١ĪСܶҪæ¼ʼǣԼæҵ⣬Լӵģæд
ڵһĺӣĪʵͦģ̵ĵһȻǵƤʱ̲סǹɵʱҲǺܿɰġ
ĪӾڱչһ죬һСС뺢ǳһٺóԵġ
ǣܸڹȥһһȹ΢õһ죬ҲûʲôǵģһССҶõ˰ɣϣϲһԶٷȻٻؼңףԸδһõǰ̣Īסʣ˵Ŵ鿴һĺǣ
ӣ֪ҪˣҲˣЩҲԵĺۿ
ӣ΢û𣿡һ̲סʵ
ģĪӵ
ӣȻΣΪʲôǲˣ΢öúܿģкܶС飬Ҳѧõķô࣬ѧ˿αѧ֪ܶʶ
Īҡͷеģǣ΢ֻɣδ·ܳǸȥǣʺǵĵط
Īˣһлչˣͷһӵļҳ
ȻƽﺢǶԼؼңһΣĪЩԺӵļҳ˵ҲǸһɸЩӵļҳһԽкӵļҳҪӺӡ
ʵϣϰѺѧϰЩ˶ǱȽ۰ӵģȻҲ᲻ǮտʼĪҲЩìܵģ˵ĪӲõЩЩҳͺܲԼĺڼﶼ᲻ý£㵹ãǻǮǽǺȥ˸ɻ
Щļҳ֣رһЩӵĸĸڴѧɲţ˵ѧɲţѧɲţĪأȻľĿΣһЩĸܲˣ
ЩҳĪƷˣĪҲûӲҪǿĺ߰ɣѧѣ԰ҲҪӿһѧѣҲռˡ
ǺǾͦ˼ŲѧҪ΢ѧϰ΢ҲȽϱˣȻƲףɲô˵ǾˣЩԭĪһӲҳǾˡ
ڣеļҳĪӺܷòǾ˽̵ľǲһԼĺԶ˺ܶ࣬ǰèӹӵģڼƿ˶һµ֣˵ʲôТ˳ĸˣںӻؼҲٰ֪æǸľͶԵܵѰǫãǰƵģǵܵܵģԸҲܹȻһҲˣΪֹø֮ǰһˣ˺ܶ࣬ɾˣ
Ҫǣ֪ôԺõģԺʺȥ˷Ǽȥ飬ʲôģ
ĪԭͷЩ̿ҲãǱȽʺʲôģʦľȥѧ˷ĿȥõģҲԼչԺ󵱸ԻҲܹúܺã
ô̫ˣǾû˵ѧô̵ģȻܸһȽķģҳڶһӻֵ̫ˡ
Щǲʺ϶飬ֻʺȥѧЩҲˣЩʺ϶ĺӵļҳ׷ױʾ껹ú΢ö飡
ǶĪӾܾˡ

ڶ Ȱ
ĪЦҡҡͷ΢øý̵Ѿˣٽ̣Ҳ֪Ҫ̺ʲôǲȥʽѧѧϰԺǸãҲ˷ѣ
ܲᣬĪ֪֮˷Ѻǵʱ䡣
΢ñչԺĪӱЩȻʧģϰæµźǵʶ߿μϾʱĴһʱĪ
ܿ죬ĪӾû˼ȻʧˣҪˣҼһʼæˣͨũңĪҶҪæľ͸ˣջҪԣ׿϶Ҫ˵ģӡˢҲҪԣҪˣȻǲׯҲҪ̣ȻҪ׼ɨֹҪõĳʳ
ĪƷҲǿĪӵøĪ
ȻæµĪӲûй˴أ
ʮ죬Īæµʱտıټũҿջ˲ЩտıڰҰɣ
ʵϣտıȷʵڰҡ
ıˣôڲŹҪȥǹ𣿡Īæкտıš
տıȴһ֣ӣʱҸط˵ĺã
ĪһҲտı˸䡣
ӣسǱѾǵˣһδҲֻʣʱ䣬үүҳʱ侫Ķ飡տı
̫ˣĪտıˣıĲɱͲһҲûٶԤףıɣ
տıŵһЦ漴˵̫ˣļҾˣ
ӣأʲô㣿տıʡ
ңҾţ㿴ڸǽ̽飬ҾҲͦõģĪЦЦ
տıȴܲͬӣȥǣΪʲôͬ⣿ǲǾСŮӣȥûչˣǲģ
ҲǣıǼͬǼҲһǼڸиģȥǱߣһûУʲôΪ֪Ȼ˵ǿӡˢ˲٣ܹܲɽհɣúǶȥҲģͦã
տıȴͬҡҡͷӣҶ֪ʲô㵣ǱûӪǾӪ˲֪˶Ǯһ֪ܲЩǮڸܱ򼸸ׯˣʱׯιЩѼӲڵһ𣿡
Ҫ˵ԭҪһӡˢԼҲǵӡˢҲȥˣ궼ҪˣȻˣڲʲôϵũҿջճӪƹģûʵһؼȥ˸ǣûôۣҾСŮӣܸܲ˵С١СܡСҲŮӰɣ
ҪĻտıҲĪӡ
Īһ£ıһξ͹ˣܶأ
Ǿˣ㿴ȥ˸ǣҲܸȥǶˣҲ֪ǸطǲһȻׯӣһݲҵҲõɽգϺõѧö飬Ժ߲;ܽύһЩǲģСɣûУСɻָŮݵĻԺü޸˭ϵˣسǵ˭Сɵ𣿡տıʡ
СɣĪӲܲĪƷɡ
ԣԺСҪҸʲôĶûϸһļͥݵСѧʶӻɫСҲʲô˵㣬ѧʶôⲻ˵ģԭҲ˵ȥ߹ģأˣǽʿأ㲻Ŭô֪ԼϣΪǵСģС£֮˺ǵδδ𣿡
ҪǰүүҸ˵СٺܲҿСҲܴϻۣС͸ǲˣΪһ֮˽ǵǰǲǲиõǰ̣ȴΪˣ𣿡
տıȻбģһٻϲ˵ĪӶûвĵط
ĪӳĬã⣬Һúɣ
ӣˣô룬ûȥǻ㡣ʱͦϵģʱһûУһ꣬ӣʱǲͣģҪ˷Ѻһʱ𣿡տıɸ֣
⣬ҲôżҺú룬Ҳ֪̫ˣҲҪһ£ĪӿЦʵﻹ˿Ķģտı˵ĲԭԼһߴвѵɣڲŷԭЩɶɡ
аɣҪ;죬ҿɸѾڸǱҪׯˣҲǱ߸﷢ҸõѧñȽϺãʱǶˣһߣԼɣ

ڶ Ķ
ּ֮ľڶĶҪ˵ô㻹ȸѧһ֣ׯأׯˣ㲻ȥǣҲгϢܱǮǮׯǿɣǿҪѵġ
տı֪ĪˣʹĪׯӣʱׯˣܹȥˣտıĪԥЩʲô¶ɺ˵˾û
ĪĶˣǿԣȸ𣿡ȴûи׼
տı󶼼ˣʲôʱܸ׼
⣿ӦûôɣıҪȥ𣿡ĪʣȻ߹ɣڸȥҲˣ
տı˭˵ˣĥĥģҾˣˣ׼ţңȻׯӵĻȰ㿴ˣͷҪкõģȰˣ
ĪƢһֱܺãտıĻһ㶼ûͦмģþǲȥǣׯˣҲгϢȷʵǱǮڼǿ
Ҳܹտıһ⣬Ҳ˼տı渶Ǯæıô˵ģׯһҪǮȰǮ㣡
ˣüŸңҵʱȰţһû֪ׯһҪǮҪ˵˵ǴҪʲôׯӣׯдСضΣкû֮أֲǶһ
Īûտıָ֪ĪһʱԵǾô˵ˣȰǿţкʵʲôҪ󣬾˵ҪǮҲҪ˵һ£
ĪæͷһһȻ㲻꣬Ͻ·ɣ·ע㰲ȫˣ躣ǸЩسǵĳʳɣ⽣ӻаӣЪϢʱ⽸ˮһ¸ɳԶУӵĻģͷҪˣϿһ¾У
տıûƴǣĪӶ׼һЩ
տı飬ĪҲóۣĪʵԼǻȥģտı˵ЩɣĪǵĪƷϤĻᴥ飬ԻĪƷɻأ
ĪƷ˼һ£ׯӵĻ˵ȷʵûʲô𣬶ҵʱҪָݣȥѧãСǻǿȥģ˵ʱСپסѧеѧò˵ѧǾѧᣬݵʱٽСǻؼҲǿԵģ
ׯӵĻĪƷһֳǱĸоĪƷɸϲصĵҲ࣬ʱׯﶼҪǵģôôʱĪƷľüҵıݺҪׯӵĻõһҪׯȫװ
ԭĵЩȷʵǲˣǸ⣬ܲΪ¾Ͳȥɣڼ˶ҲһֵˣƽĪСٸĪСܻĪСѧţҲʲô£
ĪСʵһֱи뷨سǱĹ鷳¸СеĸܵȨƵҪԣҪ̰ȨƣܸõĻסˣȻٺʲôأ
һֱĪƷɵΪĪƷûԣһ˶Ҫȥ͸ûˣ
ȻЩǼȻԺǶãȻûˣοׯϵĻʱׯӶǵģڲҲ
ĪСǻСȻʱһЩۣĴ£ǲֻǱʾǾ
§ĪƷɵĵ
ǵĪƷ̲ס˼һڣãȥﶼ
ĪЩ᲻΢ãԼҪˣ΢ѵͲ𣿶ȥǱߣͲܽ
ĪƷȴ̲סĪӣʵ΢û𲻴Ҫ£΢þͼţǼҲǸǮǵĿγ̲𣿾ͰȥǶˣȻѽġķҺˣǸϿξͿˣȻǵĴͳϮȥͿ𣿡
ûָѧһôǼҳԼҲʱԼͿˣĪƷɵ΢ѾеǮˣ˺µġ
˵ĪҪĽ͸ˣҪ飬ͷȥǲȻҸݣȻׯϽ̽ׯĺӣʱׯôǿ϶æģУȻտϣȥǼ죬ʵҾʱܲ࣡Ҿտ˵öԣԶûԣô֪Լأ
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ڶİ 
ּ֮ľڶİһĪҶ˵Щˣ飬Ʋˣ˵Ǳ˾ߵģû׼˭֪ԷǼߵ˻Ҫأ
ĪҴͻˣĪϻ߶⣬ҲĪϻʱһΣȻżĪӽԷҲֻʱҲǸĪҶҫسĶӶТ˳гϢ
ģĪҶҲʡֻһҲûʲô˼Цװġ
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ĪСʱҲǰүүҽ˵ĶԣĲ
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ʵĪƷɵĲֻڽĪ֪˵նģǿƶĻסֻҪүͷԻĪƷɾĲ֣
ˣˣˣĵĲˬҪ⣬!
ҲᣬִţĪСȥţԭǴˣǻͷ
ϺܲˬţզģžһˣǸʲôˣĲСˡ
һĪһȣҶ˵һΣ˵ŮСˣҲŮСˣʲô
ҲˣһƨڵϣŴȿ޺ӴҪˣҲˣﲻТһʺһİѶٰ󣬽ӱŮ˵˵⻹ò˻ˣ

ڶ ľ
ҵôôడˣ۸ˣһŻʲô˼ôТΪ˸͸ڵĴ£ﰡһŸʲôһӵˣ
ôˣĪںȻְϷ˭۸ˣ˵Ҹ
ĪСҲû뵽Ǵ󲮹ʱͲ֪òˣҲԥôһ˲䣬ĪںӲˣ
һʱץס˾ݣϴˣã
ĪĪںһ˲ȴˣ
˵Ϊʲôǻ֪Ī˵ģԵʱĪûлɣڿĪںˣСϻȥûдԼĻĪںǹˣ˵ʲô˵ĪƷ˵ûĻʹĪں
ĪںҲùˣ
ĪĪںڿһħʣΪʲôĪںô£϶ʹϴַɴû£Ҳû۸˭Ҳֵܲãϴʱľ£أǺ޲϶˹ɣʲôʱԼĳӻô£ϴ϶˼Ѿݶֵزˣ
ţĪЩ
Īںϣʲô£˵ôڵأ鶼дۣ
ϴ϶ʱҵ˿ɽһĪںĲùȻϴТ˳ղǸС˵ĻͲţһ߿޵øƵģرίĸĪںߣڳ۸ģǿʶФαƵĸҪɱ
ĪںðϲЩģȴװһ֪ĿĪӵˣܶ䣬Ծɻ󡢲ţһϢıֱݵ쾡£
Щ£ͬһ仰˵飬ĪںüģֳϿҵߣϵĿ£ε޹ѣεĲТ
ȵ˵ÿڸͣĪںŲͬĿĪӣӣǴ˵㣬¶ģʵǡô簡ɸֵĿĪӡ
ϽǸô˵ⶼǵôΪϱﶥײأʥ鶼ȥˣҲԼˣҪǱ֪ˣָ˵ôТأ⹦ҪҪˣ
¶ģ˵ôôͿأڵ¶ܸɵ𣿸ο㻹ѵƭˣ˵˵ôôТҶײ㻹ϽϸĪں׻׻̻Īӣ
ĪӿĪں˵ĪƷ˵ģΪĪƷڻˮ˭֪һ㣬ĪֻޱĿĪں
ЩĵĪӵĵǸݺݵţǶﲻ𣿿ôʰǣһȺТһȺǣ֮ǰĺĶι˹ˣ
Īǳˣϣ𣿡ЩƫִҪѰһ𰸣
ﲻˣǧӣԺ󣬲Тĸ۸òϵɱˮŻʲô˼˵ţҪϵײȥ
֪ĪںڱϣԼû뵽ĪںȴͲײһ£ֵøĪӲТʵˣ
ĪںûӦһģһĿܶ飡
Īû뵽ĪںôģĪССӦȴ죬סϵȣԼվڱϣøסˣϵСȻƫһ㣬ɳũɻɲСȫ֮£ֱӰˤڵϣֱӵõĻ
ĪСҲ˳ˤڵأûֻ΢֣
һ£ҶΧŹȥæסˣ˵Īںôˣ
һͨæҺĪںĪӣӣ㿴ƵģϽϸﲻǲźģ
ĪӸղŵҲһûĪںҲδţִֻŵĿϣʣ𣿡ȻΪʲô޲ҴҲ޲
Īںһŭȵӣ㵽ǸʲôﶼˣѵҪﲻ𣿡
ҲίٴҪҪײǽһĻ׼ˣסˣ
Ī̲סһУЩħĵҪɣģҸ磬ҲһɣȻƾʲôƾʲôǺ޲ҾҪȻˣһɣ˵ţĪںϾҪǽײȥ
Ī̲סһѱסĪӣҵģ
侲㣡ûµģǣǣĪСһ߱סĪӣһҲ̲סۿ

ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ¶ĪСܸſ޺ҲһסĪӡ
ĪСٻҲǸĺӣʱҲŻˣ̵ڲűŻѾܲˣֻƾűܵĿ޺
ĪʫӨҲµķޣ˵ˣ
ֻĪƷɺۿһ߷ߺ޵ĿϸĪںһ߽סĪӣ侲Щǣ
϶ʱŻˣ϶ɶ㣬ſң
ӣ㣬侲㣡лǺú˵ĪںҲŵˣʱЩԼΪҪĪӷҲͰˣҪԼˣǵòʧ
ڼµĪ˭סһ
ѾҪƷĪӣĪʣµǵԥʱϸɾдǵʲôƵһúõĶӱ
ĪǰӣǺݺݵĪӵϣӣѣеءô˵еأ£㣡ӣӣ£㣡
ĪĿĪ
ԣ㣡Īᶨĵֵ˿һļ㣡
һĪӲ̲סʹʧҵʲô޵Сһ˿ᣡ
Ī˸Īӵͷĵûʲôģֹ
Ī侲ˣҶһ
ĪƷȴǱһ޲ֱӸϧ¶ô룬û˵ڣΪ˵Ҳûã
ĪĪӣ˰ӹȻĪҲԹԵıĪţ·һɵĺһ㣬Ÿף
õ˿£ĪƷɿ˶᲻ѣĪʵޱȵϣܵõֵܡĸ׵ϿɣϧҲһӵòĶĪ̫ˣϣõ˵ѾƫˣԶˣ
ĪһµĿĪںϡ
Īںںҹ£
ŲãĪû˵ڶ飬ֻϵϣȡ֣ǣǲҪ㣡һ˵ˣһΥҵֻ峤ˣ
ĪںĪҲҶ໰ֻܹԹԹ£ɻһ⣺ƾʲô£Īںǲģ
ĪҲ֪ں֪²Ҷ㣬ʧģģ̫ˣ
ûУԩҡĪںոպͱĪˣ˵ƫҲã˵ϺͿҲգҸ㣬ҲҲ˵ˣԼôģֻԼ㵽ûնģһϹ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ϶˾㣡
£Ϊ㻹Ҷӣ㳤ˣ㻹ҶӣĪЩҪ˵ˣҲֻ˵һ飬ԺĺûǻǴûκεĹϵ϶Т˳ģҿǱТ˳СɵҲ֪ģԲĸֻ
ĪҪĪӣȻ֪⻰۾˵Ϲڳе˶֪ĪǹģǿƵжŵ̬ĪںĪˣ
˵ţĪںҪ˵ʲôһķߺ޸Īٴһֹ̧֣סĪںĻ鲻ТТ˳⣡ҪҪТ˳ǲТûģϴסˣǴӱТ˹͸Ӧñ˹
вǳв
ĪںԲţŭĿĪĶӣôôƫģӺˣʲôã
϶ˣʲôãĪϷʣ漴ֵں˵ûƫģҪûƫģǰûһˮƽҲݵ㲻ТҲ϶ôί
ԹҲգҲգֻ˵Լϴأ𣿡ĪЩƣĵԱ˵ˣԼôʲôԼҲôɵŪɣҰɣҾȥ峤ҡ˵ĪȻЩѣ촽Ϻ˺üΣŲĵף
Ժ󡭡ûܣ϶Ҳû磡ԶԶģɣ
֮ǰĪĥ飬ðͷֻһʱ䣬ԥģǺ淢ЩĪʶȻֵϣ糹׷ֿɣԺ󻥲ɣĪںʲô£Ҳʳ϶ߣ
Ī۵ģֵúõĶף׵ģδ˵ɣɲôϴǸ϶ݣ϶һҪǾǰף



ڶ ס
ּ֮ľڶ¿סĪںȷʵǲҲҪƾɶףҸ϶úõģûʲô
Īһ̧֣˵ˣϴ󣬵ѾЩҲˣ
ģ϶ǣôĴ£㲻ˣⲻƽأﶼҪˣҲ׷ֻ˵ңƾʲôʱڹ˭һζƫ̻Īں̲ס˺αףҲТʲľ͸ñ˹ƾʲôܱȿϾˣЩپϹôвŻǿȴǿô䲻
Īһŭϴ˵϶Щһ㶼ûҿ٣ҪŴҵ˵𣿡
ĪںԶʱһһЩίĿĪҲĶӣ
ĪĪںһҪ˵ĻҲ˵ˣȰ󺣣֪ҲҶӣԵ㣡飬ͿԵίˣŹܰɣҲŹԼɣ㿼ϾˣûбгϢҪںҪƽƽ֣ľͺˣģ
Ҫȥ̫ˣ㱾㣬ǵĳӣǵĽҪȥ˭ȽϣڵԶõģǵһӵĽĪ
ĪͻȻ磬ҼǵСʱﾭ͵͵һЩöҲ͵͵ţָҳԣ棬ڴĴ׵۸ң㻹Ҵȥ˼Ҹ浽ǵһδ㣬ΪҴ㣡
Ī󽭣СʱҲͦɵģǶ糤̵ģкöǲŷָǻĪںѾˣҪˣԶôҺˣ˵Ҫں
ԶǵЩůʹǸĸӣΪмΣȴǾúůɲ֪ʲôʱʼЩůʼûˣֵܼĸ鿪ʼˣ
ĪںãȻĿĪӣۺףдˣ
֪ģĪں·𿴵һССĺǸԼƨɺ棬ԼʱҲţȻһݵĿԼԼǻǵĸܺã
ĪںĬˣû˵ʲôת뿪
ǱӰĪЩֻʣʱЩʼԥҪҪף
ĪĪӣʣӣףô
ĪˣղŸֻʶȥıӰûпҲûٴȥ
ĪҲԭĹڵԥˣĪƷɺɸֻ֣ĪȻܴ̼ˣĪӵģ˭Ī˾ĪƷɾܺ޲ֱӶףȴԥˡ
ǿ磬ÿܻģĪš
ĪԥĵģЩϵˣ˵Īᣡ
ĪԥˣףĪںִԲʲôĪӣҲĪӣףȴǼҳҪ峤峤֤дҲζҪһ
ĪҲȻһЦҲǣ¶ʴӻԼأ
Īں뿪ȴû뿪ĪϣӣԺŴ󷿹ǸŶ
һ϶㲻ۣʲôТТģ˵ˣҪ˵һ˿㣬Ҿ㣡ƫģѾϴˣҲٻ϶ĪҺòĺӲˣ
ĪĿϣΪ㣬㻹϶ʱϾдһţдģҿ˭ָ϶Т⻰˼ʲô¶ţ
Ͼһˣ͸ûˣԼ˭˵Ҳ϶ɲԩң
Īȴ˵ЩˣͻȥɣҼסˣ˭ٸ˵ʲô㶼˵϶һ䲻ãˣ֪ģ
ҲΪֵ˭㣬϶ǴĽɲõʱ˭ԼúɣĪҸ϶Ҫ˵߰ɣ
˼һϣĪǾҶףĪںԺĺˣƾŶ飬ĪӻĪںӶ
ĪںûиĺãŶܺܺõıĪӣ
˵ҪףĪ峤Ī峤ͦȵģ쵹һЩǹĪƷɵģΪ˵飬˭֪ǣ
ڶףĪӸĪںû飬㣬Ŷ飬˵дϣǩĪӸĪں֣
±ϣĪŶĪ峤Ī峤˵ĪƷɵ顣
峤峤˵ҲҵһʱͿӾ϶ûǶʱҾرĵģ֪ŮԺ󣬾϶Ʒɳк



ڶ 
ּ֮ľڶ¶־Ҳܸ϶һкأȻСǣֻǻҲ֪ôѺӵݱϺͿˣҲû취ˣۿСԽԽˣҪٲҶˣĪ
Ī峤Ī峤˻һۣĪ峤ȿڣټ֣׼ָĹ
Ī峤Ī峤γ֪˵©ٳϾҲĪ˺ܶŮкӣŮеģҪҪ˵ôȵ󣬹꿪ʱôû˵
֮ǰĪвϵòĪҴ˸ˣӣĽݲƻˣ
ˣĪ峤Ī峤ûκ飬̱ʾϿ֣
˸ֵ²ףҪһ룬׼ţ򾴸ڣʽˣĪӻŮУƲС
˶ηڻôӵ飬͸ãڹ
ԴҲܽԴ
Ȼף˳ʱ䣬ڰָĻˣĪ
ڼĪ󽭵ţǸոһ־ͱĪںˣʵĪ󽭵Ҳô񶾵˼ЩƽĪ㻤Ŷ磬ЩԴףеĹ
ĪںҲû˵ʲôҲûʲô£ĪҴ󷿶ϢģֻĪϹˣȫ֪ģʱЩȣ
Īһ˿ΣףӶ࣡
Ī͸ûгˣ˵ĪҶһ֣һҪĪƷ̫ˣҲйĴˣĪƷǾûôͱĪȥҪĪҴ˲˼
ʱ˲ŻȻѹһʼĪӸĪƷ־ǲһ˵ʲôƷ֮ģ秵һѴʣ˵Ƚϼܸʲôģ൱СˣԵ֪ĪƷɵʵĪԷɣĪСǣûĪƷô⣻ڲ֪Īӵ⣬ԭĪ
ҲһƬȻ۷׷ףһҲǸϽȥ˵飡
ĪҶģЩߴð˴̵ģû£ҪҸһȦŮװĪɶ
ĪڻŮװˣһشȴЩˣΪ֮ǰûдô˵ģ˭֪Ȼ⣬Ůװֻһ
Īһʼܲϰߣϰ˴粽ˣŮװţµȹӾ粽ˣֻС鲽ׯֲʧڵţȻĪԼȥ
Ī˼ĺӣЦˣû취ũο¶ĪҶ
Ҫ˵Īĳ࣬Ưˣ˵Īӵŵ㣺˫Ƥ۾ɫϸ壬ҶüһϼСұ
ָϸͷʱƫһЩŮӣͷߵˣ
ĪĪҶܸмĪҲû뵽ô˳Īе鶼ˣһĪӾûκεˣ
ĪԴԺͲˣ⼸Ҫ£ĪǿţĪָĹĪͲˣ
ĪӸĲѣĪƷɶЩΣȥĪǸүүԲҲ˵ģ
ûϵӣүү֪㣬¶˵ûүүĴ㲻ھΣүүֻʹˣЩǺ飡ĪΡΡһĪͷ
ĪˣҪĪҴˣĪŲãĪɵӣҲүүĶӣүү֪Т˳סߣͷ˵ģⲻǸʡ鷳үүҪΪ󲮿ǣ
Īô˵ˣֻܷˣ
ĪǰȥıӰĪƷɷ·ϡһϸĴȰ
ĪҲһܴľߣͷ΢ҺˣǾߣȥߣĪţɻ۷׷ף˵Ҳˣɱ۵ĻԼŮɲʲô
ĪӲˣ˾
΢õķһһ򵥵Ļ滭ԭǸ̻Ϸӣ̹ľҴԻΣҪԭĳפαȻ취ҲԳ죬ĪֱӽĪ峤Ī峤æҪĹϸ£̫ȭѾΪ΢õĿμˣҲҪЩƵȵȵģ
˵ֱũҿջṩڹƽ˴ƹũҿջִӴ﹤ģ΢õĻʳ躣



һ
ּ֮ľһµǺô󰡣ôôࣿǽø߰ĪСƿ濴ȥǸ߸ߵĳǽЩ̾
ڸʲôĪʫӨõĻҲĪСֿ棬ֻûΡĳǽŵĳĶ飡
ĪӴȰĿŮһۣЦŶӽأǽػõģ֣ǾҪ߸ߵĳǽأΪҪ˶࣬Ϊ˱֤ȫҪǼǽǣ
ŶӵǼٶȻͦģۿ͵Ǽˣǰȴ˳ֻݵģģƾɶҪӣҲ˵δ˵Ҫշѣ˵ǼңֻЩûдκεĻ㰴һͭ壬ҲǶʮͭ壬ƾɶҪӣ
ǰԺǲͣһࣺƾôôˣ˵ݵģ˭֪ǵݻ̼֮£֮ǾöˣǿԲ
Ŷӵ˹ûټʱۿˣ϶ģ֪Ǳ˾Ĺأ
ǰһֲֵ֪ʲôʱأ
ҿЩҲɵģЩүʲôģͷ׼ҪԿˣ
ĪƷŤͷĪӣЩȣǵ׸ǮǲǮ֮ǰǴκҲյģ
Īѹ˵иصĹأɷ˰գձýǮһͭ壬ҲǼģ
Ҳ˵˼˵ûˣ
ֻϵ۵ģ¶Щʲô˵ģô˵ӮˣزʱŶµģԵҲһˣѵԷƾԼһ֮Կٷɣ¶ûǶԷҲбԶˡ
ȻûһǱľͰѼ۸ǵʮһģ
Ī־ˣѹĪӣʲôǮⶨ⻰һĪ;ԼʵЩɵȻշ¶ûأָնǮиնˣǿɲõô
ȻĪֻҡҡͷ
յǰҲ˽˵϶Ӯˣһ˲ˣȻҪҪˣ
ǮҲ½ҲǱ⣬ĻŵıʾԼ˺ĺ˵
ô˵أǶ˵ȷʵˣҪǰʮԷҲȷʵûޣ
ֵĪһ˵ʱĪ˶չͷչͷﲻҪ̫죬ԸǶʶҲЩ顣
ֻչͷĺѣλ磬ʶҸ죬ɷ񣿡
Ŷ˵Ŷ֪ˣھֵİɣУ֪ˣ˶𣿡ԣɫÿһЩһʵ
ˣˣǶ
Īӵ˳վչͷϣÿͭ壬չͷһ
ĵͷˣǼһ¾ͽǰɣ
Ǯ˵ǼǣĪӵҪߣźХÿûУÿ𣡡
⻰Īʱһ飬Щףֱֱվסˡ
һҲ˲ϸչͷѵģһ߸չͷϽŲһŲ
չͷ˸Īӵ˶ǳǿӣŲҲżǣĪƷɻֱŲĪСһѣ
Īһ飬ÿĪɫףɵЩĵʣôˣ
ĪһЦûʲô
ôһֻХ
ԺɢȺ£һ۷׷ףǸĹӰɣ
Ʋ죺ʲôӣĸ竻࣡
Īӵæ˳ǣҲ˲ϵİ˵ʲôֻſھǸǷ֮ء
ȻǸոս˳ǣ˽кÿһοɲģˣǼݳĳ쳣ֻиնͱһӣҪǳ⣺ԶǾҼҵҼС㣬
ţХȥˣ㶼ûͣ٣
·˿ߣǺμˣ
һ֪·æ˸ƣ˵ˣǽѲҵǧ𣡡
·˹ҲţԶʱҲһæҿһЦ漴Ҵˡ
Ƚ˳ǣչͷĪӣĪҪȥտһҸס
Ҹסչͷ֪Ƿ·Īʵ
ҪĪȥˣȥøǱߵģȻǲʶ˵ģչͷһЦ



ڶ ס
ּ֮ľڶסĪӵȻˣȻԸǲǺ죬Ҳ֪øסĲҴǴٸ߹٣νҴɲһģǱ˾һңҶǱסģ
չͷҲһˣҸ徲ĵطסţĪ˵š
չͷͷǿԵģǱʶһרǱߵģȥǱסҲУֻǶǱӣ¾֮ģҲǺܽ飡
Ǿ;չͷæһ£Īæֻ⼸£ӦİɣʱֵڣĪҲ֪ôû˻⣡
ҲھȥʣҾʵǲУסڶҲԣֻҪ϶Ϳԣչͷ˵
ͷϵмԺ⣬ֻãС˵
⣿һ仰Īˡ
ĪҲѣǴׯӵģȻׯӵĻׯʲôʱʲôʱסǸ⣬סû治
ĪСٵеڶҪõģ
ȻʱԽԽˣҲ£˵
Ī˵ǾÿԣԭǸ⡣
һ²ֵ֪ΣĪҲ˾죡
ҪķӴСˣ˿˿Īһˣ糾͵ȻǸյģ
ҲǸˣûʲôӣȻˣҲǿĪǸ˵ķϣһԿףҪҪھȥ
õģõģ鷳ˣĪæ
ǿֱסȻõˣǲԵĻֻȥջϢˣ
Ī˵ԼҪԺӵǲöҲöãֻҪʲôķͿˣ
չͷҲǺףȥˣʵȥҲû취ϾĪǵļҵأ
˵һĪ˵ҪǾͺܹⲻԪûسǵھҪǣʹ⻤ǹ
һھֶӻģ˼Ҳ갡һ˻̸˹ԪѺ͵ģĪӻ𼱻ǵˣָھʶھĥһչͷչͷ֯һӻˡ
˳ǣЩűһľȥͻˣչͷĪߡ
һңĪѡһԺСģû취˭ԺСĶСأҲǮ˼ңøȫȨ󣬾߾զˣֻҪǮͿסģס̼֣Сͨ˼ңҲвƶЩĹԱסһߡ
еȡԺӵƯˮģҲãɾǸ̫ˣ
Ͼסôķӵ˼ҼҲȱǮƵôƯĸȻҪ˴άģ˼£һҰ˿˭йֶȥЩݣ
һǰɣУڸȥɣ˵ԺССһھܶ࣬Ȼа˼䣬ȴһǳһԡңһéޣһǴ䣬Ҳӻ䣬ֻʣļңҲԣϾǻֻǰĺӣͷһͺˣ
Ҳǵ˸߹ԪˣҲϰ࣬Ȼֻסջˣ
ĪӸȥˣչͷҲȥǲˣǸĪ׳ӣ
ĪʰĪĪСٸϵĶжĪСܴɨӺһʱûסˣȻдӣҲԵģȴմһˣ
۸ĻĪǵһһ£ôһԺӣ
ʱǮ˵ģչͷæ˵仰Žһ룬ȻǿĪݵϡ
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ĪСܱæжģ㣬ȥӰɣҸͺˣ
ˣҴôϻˣʵʵĸȥӰɣĪӣ˵
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ĪСٸĪ죺㣬Щˣ
С٣㻹ô鰡Ҳǣ˭Ӷأ㶼ˣĪ٩
һҪߣǿԲ˵һǶǲӿ϶Ҫ˵һģһŶӼҸӴУ
Īݾû˵ˣֻ˵һ˴ᵽԺ߽ѧ
ȻЩᣬȴҲǸˣ˵ߵĽѧȽϺãȷʵӦ߾ͶȽϺã
ʱĪЩˣһʼЩͻ潻ԽԽ࣬ȻЩظϷһϷӵ治ѧ㲻˽ȫΪѧãԾظЩش˵㣬ĪҲͦϲģ



 
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ĪڳЦĪС٣ϾͱĪСٷȥ˵úǵģҲ֪˭ѵ˵ûϢأȷʵʱĪһǻ˰ûˣֻһֱɱţ
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ǲͦõĪС˵ţȻĪϵ·㣬˵Һײ¶ڶˣȻٴװɾͲˣоòԽԽ
һǣΪ˰ȫĪʫӨĪװļһֱӰֽͿˣͷҲŪģһ;ǸݵСע⣡
ĪС⻰˵ģĪǸŮӾҪˣʲôԽԽˣ
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չͷĪӰԺ뿪ˣϾҲǸյǣɻкܶҪأǵԱҲûźأ
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˵ķǳãһЩҴģǶһģ
ӣôտıЩ죬ŷ˵һĪľݷЩأ
ĪЩЦһѾ
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СɣɲˣȻŮҪŮĴ磡ĪҾտı̲סЦһ߷ԸµѾȥŹ
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տıǸģ㿴˭
⣿ôЩСɣòСɰɣһˣŰǿ϶ĵɻЩţ



 
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տ·տǵ͵ģԶԸУ
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ĶӹϰɣȻҲԼҵĺͦģ
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ּ֮ľ³ɹѧں¶ãĲ㣡ĺʲôԼϷ͸˵ǺúӣҪúǾͶԺҲǺõģǵ˺ӣԼСٲѧˣЩͶѧ˵ͯˣأտ·ĵ
ĪЩΣЩǸĿ˶ĪСһۡ
ĪСǫտ̫үүô˵ģǰҲԳ޶ۣ
⻰һտ·͸ĪСˣﰵ̾ĪԺۿҪˣ⼸ӣǶӣƷҲã
տ·ŷŹĪӣοˣҲΪʱ֮ǰ˷ѵľ͵һĥµĺã
տүүСǾͶԺȻǼõģֻǣ᲻̫տүү鷳ˣĪЩ˼
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Īŷʵĸտ·лĪСҲ֪
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ǣǴԼϱˣҲͻɱԴͷׯԺɱȻ󿴿ܷǵ⡣
㣬ˣʵõģԵʲôͺˣ⻹ͣ鷳ĪСٽӹĪŵĲͺУ
ǰ㣬Ҳ̫ˣҲܳЩů͵ģԲ㣬ҲһͣһˣҪԶ·ԺǱģĪСҲ
ĪСЩܵĸͣӶˡ
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ּ֮ľС˵С˵ѧ֣ŴѧִָĿɲһִѧԵģģģõģ·оƷ꣬гԵĵȵȣ
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ֵ֣ȴ֣˵ĸо͸˲һѧӣ
ĪǰΪ˱£⻻װţϵҲͻأ
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˵ôãĪûʱʲôģĪһдǧ˿ѩġ
Ӧöִ֪˾һëٶȿ죬ֻСʱӾܿˡ
ĪֻվûãǱǧ˿ѩľͱˣԺûκȤ˵乫Ҫ˵ڻǱȽϽյģǿϧҲеģĹ¾һӼ˵Ĺ£ţ·ˣǧС㣡
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ĪҡҡͷллҲҿģ
Ҫʲô˵˵СҲĵ
ʣĪʣ߳飬ʲô𣿡
еģ߻бīֽ⣬ģеѦֽˮֽǵﶼеģ֪ҪʲôСĵ
Īһ£ûʲôҪģֻʣһˣ
ڸҲãĪΪĪɬĵĸĪλӣһƵģ
ƣʲôƣĪһʱûӦʳڲ𵱳Īȥӵİ˳Ļơ
ȻСĻ֤Ī뷨Գ飬вƷĻʫ£ǣ
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ȻСһƽӣԵĪЩˡ
Īʶķʣʲô𣿻ֻʫ£
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յģֻҪĶãﶼյģС
ĪȻһ˿ͷһʱȴûץס룬ûãֻڵ˹䣬ߵߣ͵һȻȻͷǶ鼮ϸ˷ֲǲӼˣǧСĻǰ£õ׵һڹŴĽƿ÷˰ɣʲôģҲУȽ٣
ĪԼҵ˷°ͣ˵ŴĹףûʲô⣻ԼģҲôˣԣ
Īе뷨˵ԭ߹䣬ҲȷʵΪ˽һ飬ܲҵʲôӪڵи⣬ֻвеģҲϾʱĵģ׻ĵûУҲ֪ˣ
ţĪ뵽˹ŴĲݻ˵ȻдԣǲȥŴ˵Ƕ˵ʲô
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˵ִʵ̫ˣӹȴеȻĴִرȻ硢磬ʲôضʲô֮ģ
Ȼ翴ʲô飬ãƻãĵȵȵģҪʲôľûУ
ҪܰᵽĪţܷסŴˣ˭ǵľʳȻôأ
ĪЩźˣӾӰʱôͲܺúÿأں˰ɣ֪ӹƷʲôҲóǰɣʲôģ˼ǲˣ



ڰ ׯ
ּ֮ľڰׯӻ̵ƷҲܲȻʲôûдҲܲĺܶݶԽ
ǿϧˣǺǣֺǣûģڴ󲿷ֶˣҲܼǵٲڡ
Īд֮ãܵ˵һⲢӰĪ׳־
ĪصУֽʣԼһűĽӹеƷд⣬ܼǵöھдڣȰЩͷǷҪĵطеĻԼ࣡
ĪһæҪ죬ǰԺмǵõһЩӾ磬ְ鶼дˣ治٣ĪЩ⣬ôزأûпԽ
ĪԼǹ˲ĪģõץĪѧŮ죬ֻ⣬ĪͽŮģ
һûĬĬԼŮԺ󵽵ô죬һ߰ûڵŵ̫ˣ˭֪ܳ飿
ĪûûҹڼҲ֪ʲô߽ȥͿĪд֣ҲͲˣ
ĪǶ˵һƪҪдģͽӢ۴ĪʵֱͦհӹеƷģֻĥһ£һɼǲˣƾô㣬ԼĶƴյģǱ˽ӹеƷˡ
ڽһô϶ǽӹеӢ۴ˣֻǰѵĳǣţûë
ȻһЩǵõԭľ飬΢һģ˴٣һºĪƴճһƷˡ
ģûпӢ۴Ӣ۴·Լ϶Ĵֹ۵ģԴоǴУ
ĪĴеƷֱӰѿã֪ʡ˶ٹ
ȻĪ;һˣԼҪд׻Ļģǲдֻܾûǰ׻ľʣ˵ˣгҲ䣬ţˣǾд׻İ!
µı͸ðˣĪֱддĳ棬ҲȨһô
ʵҲĪڹŴôãԹŴѾ㹻ϤˣһЩŴƶȵ˽⣬Բ޸ĸģƷĵ÷ʱ᷸ʲôɻ䣻ȻĪҲûãӢ۴Щִû⣬ɷʱȥˡ
ڼ䣬ƸĪҺׯӣΪҲûдҪҵСľͲˣûʲôأһõĵطׯӾȻȪ
Ƶû̫࣬ǵľöĵطϴ϶
Сׯ治󣬵Ҳа˾Ż˼ңׯҲ©һһСɽһǰŴɽ
ѡ˸СɽģǸСɽöͦõģصǻںΡ
ĪӾѡǸŴɽģʵСׯ󣬵ռСɽģʣµͲǸŴɽˣŴɽΪҰޣܵ޵ţصʵʵģһСɽš
ׯӻļǮ࣬ŴɽĻ΢ϰܼҲȸǵׯм۹һɣׯӶȽСһׯʮĶңҪǧҡ
ׯӣƸĪҲ΢ɿߵķʲôģĲãԿׯûкúõľӪ
ϾԺĵ軧ҲǵˣֻҪ͵ˣģǣĪӸҲû
ĪӸһ£ҲȱǮȰѷӸ˰ɣҹǣ
ⷽ滹УĪֱȫȨίиˣֻҪĶʲôסͺã
ƻһׯӵ˼ҶõģסķӸˣǲཨһЩ󻹱ˣʱΪʩЩ軧
ׯϸǷӲǼ򵥵飬֡ؽѣһҪ٣ҪôˮҲҪǣȫ⣬ϾׯҲ൱һݣΧǽΧŵģΧǽҲõģ԰ׯӸνҲǸ⣡
Īһ˵Լҵׯˣʱرĸˣһ䵽ʵĸо
ĪӶôׯûʲô뷨Ī뷨ͶˣǿյϵķҪ֡ؽЩʩ⣬ҪཨһЩݣһЩΪ֪ĵؽѣɽҲҪһɽǶů涫ܲһɽŪһЩҲһиһжܵĵطɽ϶Ҫཨ
ȻΧǽЦ൱ǵıݣ϶ҪõģҪѴǮĺܺãܰȫ
⣬סҪ¥ɲƽ巿ˣһǳÿռ䣬һΪ˰ȫ¥ҰƲtãȻסҲȫ



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ּ֮ľھ½˵ҪʲôϽĪƷ뵽ֱһ裬ŻģԻש߷ɣҲƯ
ΪĪʾִ֭ĽԼĳǱҪʹԼҵׯӱù
νׯӣʵƱĪоˣĪһЩǱĽҲĿһ£ĪӾǺʹȻٴοϧһĪкӣ
Ƶ·ĪûȵģûҵһǷӵİͷסڸԼĽӣԱȸм۵Ͱɵļ۸̸ׯӵĹ̡
ʵ۸СˣڸǣҲǿġ
ǸĽӣûׯӾ͸ǵģˣһºׯȫɡ
˸βͣʱڣĪҸҶ˸ԵׯӣȻһģׯӲţԶԣĪҶ΢ƫһ㣬ҲԶ͸һ·ĪҶŸׯӵĺб档
ʲôȫ¼ҾҪ
ԼȻˣĪҸׯпʶĪĲƥĻԴӦ̣
ĪҸҾͰҪıӡӣҪõĲƥ޻õʵȵȵģͨͨǼҵꡣ
פ¼ʱǵⷿ£ĪҶѾƽЩˣס¼ұʲôǿֵ˵ﶼķţ˵Щ軧˵ǻˣҲҶһȰʳ£Щ軧û̫࣬󲿷ֶķţʵǶµûţٷϴ˰
ıһҪԷů·ĪЦǺǵĹ֣
УҸһգտıƣ磬أʲôʱů
Ƕڳ壡
⵱һļʱ
ׯˣտıǸˣһտıûΪֲׯڱûׯӻסȫһǼҪļ۸Ҫ۹Եʵʱտı˵Ȳˣٵȵȡ
Щۣƣ磬ͷҲһ£ׯǸģҪңҲ˸ھȥ
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ĪӱׯӷɵģϾٷϴˣĪȴĪ˳ȥˡ
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ĪӸĪİӶûУȻһҲЦţУҪģҪ˵ˣ
ĪҲЦˣİɣůůģ
Īֵĵһ¾ǰׯӶһ飬ׯȻųٶĶʵõֻĶҡ
Ȼׯϵĵ軧ƼݵģȱӪԭ򣬳ʳǹģĪЩ˶ЩĶؿ֣ȴֻϼʮĶǣûֻ߰˻˼ûֵĵҲ̫ˣͽϵȺõˣʣµЩеˮеȺأµȵĶϣ
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ĪͰׯ˹滮ׯɽˮѼʵ̫˷ˣԵӵʱĪͶˮĵطҪ󣬻֮ǰѼἦᣬѼἦӵĿ
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ȻصĹ滮ȻЩµȵˮеȵˮû֣ڲҲˣͷͰˮЩƶޣʲôģúõÿֻţֻ򣬳һ¿ռ䣬ʱţ̸̺أ
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ϵȵĺػԲһЩ߲ˣɶɶƷ־࣬ȱ֤ԼҳԣԲٿܲˣٲҲιѼ
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ԣĪһҲΪЩ軧ĻԣһҲΪЩ軧ܹӡ
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Īһ֣ô࣬˵ĶкܶҪޣֲֲ˹ţֻҪȥˣö˵ˣôˣȻˣǲ⣬ٸһλᣬˣ˾ͱˣ
ղűȥ˶أ֪ĪôǿƣЩˣҪ֪Ǻ˵ģһ͸ҽӣ˵ũúõĻôסȥȥôõĵȥ
ʵҲΪ̰Һ˵ĻǲǵĴԸһЩ˭֪Ǽɵ
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ȻĪǿӲ̬ȻЩˣȻûȥǿ϶ҪҵİŵģȻĲ⣬оЩˣ
ĪϴһƸһ棬Ҷˣų԰ҲģҲʲôˣϲҺôҺãЩػķţȷʵ˷ѣҲģȻũһ䣬Ҳ᲻ǣܸɶٸɶ٣ͷǾȥͷţͷ򣬻ƥʱţأй߿ʡЩģҲǺġʱֶֶܲ٣ֲģͶϲݣ



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ּ֮ľʮһĪĻ֮ǰĲһɨ⣬Ī˵Ҳȷʵ룬Ҳ飡
Īֻһת˸ǾṩṩˣøߵĴҲˣҲҪǲɻҲˣ
һ飡
ʱЩˣǲһЩ߲˻üô࣬ΪЧʣ϶ЩۻһƵģĪеĪȥͷֵ׳ţҪũߣԼţ򳵡ȵȵģҪһȫˣʡԺ鷳Ȼӣָطֵģʱڡ
ЩĪʵҲûֲУǽƣƻɱɱеרҵǶũɫҲǰݵĺܺõĺҪʲôţţôݣʲô
ԭǺܶ꣬ҲСҲѧһ֣֪ʲôģͨײ縺˾ͨ˴Сһȥˣ
˶͸Īһ˵ţμʻҲũߣΪüڶЩﾡã
˵Ī˸ƻõ軧£ٿǽ͵ĵ⣬ڵԼĴȣǣСѽɲصôõ뷨ôﲮ˵أﲮׯϵĵضȥˣզ
ȻҵׯӸĪׯһ©˼ҵĵ軧Īׯӵĵ軧ɢȻˣƱҲǺúŪģһׯӣ˵軧ֵصģȻ껹ǰ
ڵһ飬ʵҲõ̫ˣȴòõˣ
ڵֱĴȣǿ۽ˣԭﻹأ
ֱĿޣ˭鲻ã
ĪһЦοƣﲮʵҲ֪ܲأⲻǸƵ𣿱Ҹֻʣ˼ˣĥôһ£ǲеĻͷ˵ҪЩ˹
ȴǲţҲ̫ǫˣڿģ϶УСɣ˵Թϵôģôôʹأ
ﲮɱˣвеģԼﶼûҪףҲżôɣׯӾҲô͵飡һɣǺĪЦš
ôҲı䲻ڵĽҲᣬĪǵׯӵطС⿿˿ɲУҴҪЩҪҪ
Īæٵľ͵ͷҪôܲҪأһЩģܿһԺģ
ţˣҲˣũҲŪȫˣĪׯĵ軧ǵͲ죬ÿһҪصأʩʵʩʣȻȥιţҪȥιϣһֱææµµֱϲŵͣЪ
տʼЩɢߵ˵軧ǺܲӦĪͻһڵ軧Ҫиʱ͵ׯʾǿ軧ĽȻʵĵ軧Ǿͳɾļõͬĸоĺܺã
ׯССѼСҲʱĪׯȫ죻Īׯĵ軧Ѿϰææµµˣ
ȻĪͰճũׯĻãȻ̫ˣܶġ
죬ĪӢ۴дˣĪѵĳǣĳǣ׵ĳǣȻĮĳ֪ĳȻȡĳԿ£ֲɻʷʱ㣬ʼ˹£
дˣȻø˹Ŀˣ˵ķӦΣ
ʶֵģȻĻˮƽߣĪһøÿ˭ڼأĪʫӨĪԼǲҪ̻Сˣ
뵱ȻģÿղܵģʳƶôһֺƷԲŹ֣
ĪдԺøÿģ׷ʹ࣬ΪԼģ
ȻĪӸĪС١ĪСˣֻղһصĳŷѾ͹۵ˣܻ࣡
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Ȼ󣬸˶ʱԣڼĪСͿˣ㣬ƾɶܿҾͲܿ
ĪʫӨҲ𣺡ǰҲûҿ̫ˣĪʫӨ죬ﶼˣ϶ܺÿɽ㲻ã
ҲŴ֣㣬СҲ뿴Ӣ۴
ĪСԹϣСһεĵСһھǿǿö𣿵ٴһЩٿҲٰ



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ּ֮ľʮĪСôˣƲˣҲûǿô֪ǿˣ
ĪƷһ֣УУ뿴Ϳɣ˲ܿöû˵֪𣿡
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ʱŮӵĿ̫ˣĪûǵ͵ȽϺʣֻҪǮҪʲô
Īӵ˶֪أϾӦˡ
Īż߽ɽĵһңҲСУԺкøУ
ĪӭССģƹ£֪ܷһ£
СӣȻǿԵģֻܷ˵һʲôأСϴεһ
ģһҪۣ֪ղգĪ
Сԣû
һҪƹһֺˣһЦ⣬շЩ˵Ҳɫ
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ⲿӢ۴ֳܹɶʮǰ׻ģëд֣дСƪҲСȥĪֱӷֳɶʮÿһһɲΪ˶Ǯˣ
Īֻ˵һ
ƹҲͶˣֻԵĿ˿ͷüëһžûס¿ȥ
Сվڱ϶ЩΣƹӴвôһ˻ػأ
ֵһƹûǲأȻĪ΢ЦɵСǾôһ˿Ρ
СΣֻܿһȿȣ
ƹûûκεķӦС
Ī⣬ϾӹеĹܼԼڸܣҪסȱپʳĹ˲Ҫ̫ף뵱ִ˶Բѣ
ùӼЦˣĵǴδӱ棬Ȼõİ׻ģӰĶֶµУ
ƹĺˬ죺ӣּܹʵ˵ʲôڰǶҪȥη
ʵԭеƼĪ΢֣ǷֹдԽˣ֪ͨԼĴڣ֮ǰûٿԽĿɲһǺۡ
ƹֱʣϽóɣθڣаƹģҪ֣
һûдֻ꣬һͷٲԭҲֻſǷգĪ
գ϶գһҸ㶨һȫϣΣƹߵˣҪ֪֮ǰдģһҲʮңֻмƷĲۡ
ĪȴҡͷƹģɲУ۸̫ˣЦӹƷྭ䰡ôһϣҲ̫˰ɣ
̫ˣƹ˾ЩĪλСӣǳĹô˵װɣ
ĪֲҲģƹģҲ˼ֻЩʲ⣡ҵ˼ҲҪķʽ
ƹףСǺ⣿
ƹҪֳɵķʽҲÿһҳһ룡Ī
ƹҡͷⲻУⲻУСӣҳȷʵǲϾ鼮˿ɲһ࣬һûӦ
ƹ˵ǲǸƹĲóôǮĪûƹġ
ǸӡˢۣҸṩӣֳɣƹǶңƹĻϣҾȥˣĪ
ƹԣ治ҾܾĪϾôʵʵûмһղܵĸоֻǰ׻ĵģµʽҲղ׼˵ˣ
ˣⱾͻ𣬵ʱֳ̫ԿˣˣֳɾͲԿ治Ҷ
ƹһ֣СӣȷʵȥʾǶң
ĪͷȻǿԣֻҪã
⣿죿ƹ̽ŵ
ĪҡͷƹĻϰɣֻƹʾҪʱ̸£Ҳȥҿ
ƹһ£ĿһĪϵܾû
ƹһҧԣСԺھȥʾңֻǡСⱾ飬ɷҴȥ
Ī˿ԼϵĲӣͷԣȻ˵ⶫԼѪϾһģҲ¶ԷˣֱӡˢԼǮ
λСЩ㣬Сãƹ񻹷ԸСȻ󼱴ҴҵŲӾߡ
С̬ȺܺõĪСӲʲôҪ󣿡



ʮ СŮ
ּ֮ľʮСŮˮͺãĪ
λƯСŮʲôҪСʼЦ⣬ȶĪᣬû취Сﳤ÷۵ģʵ̫Ưˣ˿˲ɵϲ
ûСŮĪҪţɼý˵Ҳţ۰Ͱ͵ĿĪᶼˣҪǼˣޣĪСһСƨɣСһǰ۰Ͱ͵ĿţۺģҪֱģ
ĪʱܲˣԺӦ˵ԴǼңﶼûйҲȷʵͦģĪСĪʫӨȥ
ֻǿһ¼֪ݣмƵǸѵԺ󣬾͸ҪСģĪ֮¾뵽һ취аŮװû˻ˣ
ĪѡׯаŮװһȥ
Ϊ˳棬Ҳǻȥˣ鲻Ըͬˣ
ĪʵͦСģû뵽ƯаŮװǺÿıӻأ·ʹĪʫӨСʱģǽһɰɰֵ
ĪʱûסѼСʱͰѼˣаŮװͷҲڻħצݲУд
һСĲ֪࣬ӹĪħצ
СԴһׯӣɶʣҲ˲죬ֱٱаŮװ
ǣЦʱһ˵һŤͶĪĻ
ɼ̫ˣʹǺܿɰԵСҲû⡣
Ī֪ΪʲôˣСƺھͶŮ֮ˣҲ˲ã
ĪЦⲻǣСҲҪˮϱˮɣ
ĪЩĪСԴС˰ɣȻ̸ˣȥԶȥ֣ϿˣأֻСҪǵãҪѴýģȻкܶ͵СӵĻˣǱ͵ˣҲˣ
ƺǺĵģȻҪݿû֪ɴĸƺҲʡø˽ͣ˻ɣ
ָƲһǼǵʲôСʲô䣿ˣĪñҪһĪˡ
֣صĵͷĵģСŴ֣˵ţС־קĪ֡
ڵϰܿͻˣһˣ˵ˣʵҲʮ߰ӣ΢΢ۣü΢ɫ𪣬ͦһɫͷȫδñһӹ̶סһӢɰ
Ī΢΢пţ̲ס࿴ۣ
ƹܣСӣٶң
λӣպһ֣ϯգʹӹգһ֣
ĪһҲһ֣ĪƷɣ
Īǲ⣬ҺƷɣ㺰ϯգ
Īûκε
һԺ󣬺Ͳ⣡
Īӣ˵Ȿд𣿡˾ϵģʾ⡣
Ī΢΢ףǵģ
ҪóɵķʽҲԣһŷֳɣǾţһ𿴸ղźѵͦģɱɱҲ飡
Īҡͷ壬壡
öˡߡУĪҧ塣

ǴܣЦƷɣҲִ̫ˣ壬治Ǯ
ĪȴúƣָҡҡôܲǮǮǾǮҲˣһгģ˵ʲôǰ޹ˣ֮ģ͵˵ϿûôõģԿ䣬ôˮ׼
⻹Կ䣿
Īֲİٷ֮ʮǴİٷ֮ʮͬ⣬ǩͬǲͬ⣬ǾʹգϯҲɱˣˮ˰죬ڶ˵ˣҲͬ⣬֮ǰɣⱾȷʵֻ֣
ǼʶĪĹִˣҲⱾгǰǲõĻҲûʲôʧõĻ˵ƿˣҪôˣĪ֣ˣгǰãĪ˾ǿˣ
ԺһҧӦˣֻҲĪ˵۵֣ܲ
Ī֣ĪأͷӦˣҲ˺һ㣺ⱾأΪŮˣƽܹģϯտҪעˣܰЩ鶼һ򾡣ŲⱾ飡
˵õĲԿأ
ͷܶǮȻǼãֻҲͿԵģƽ壬ײ㣡



ʮ ּ
ּ֮ľʮּǿӡˢֿƳ棬װ棬Ƴ棬ղؼֵȻֿĪ
۾һƹ񶼾ܺá
һ֣ܽˣ
̸գǩ˺ͬĪҪ֤ͬʱҪٰ֤ѸøˣȻҪÿ½һظӡ
ҪȷۣͬʱĪıܹ
ĪҪߣȴ·뿪ĪĿ򺫷ϯǣ
Ʒɣ֪²дûУ΢죬ʵ֪ڣֻĪҲд²ᣡ
Ī̲סЦ²ᣬֻȷҪһƳ𣿡
۷ǿɷһۣ
ƹҲڴĿĪ
ĪЦˣȻǿԵģɣ´νǵʱù
ããƷ˵Լ˸ȥþͿԣ˵ԼȥõģһҲ̫ˣ
Īһ̯֣ҡͷǿ϶ǲеģҴӦ˴ùֵģ
ЩʧȴҲǿֻ룬Щģǣǲ֪Ǻʱȥ
ĪҡͷϯգɣҸ͹
Īô˵ˣҲֻʧķĪ
ĪżڽϹ˹䣬Ȼʹżȥǰ֣Ǳӣò˵ǰȷʵ֣ˣģϷϷӣˡԵģõģΡѵȵȶУ
һǮׯĪʱ򣬺Ȼ޲ѵ˴Ǯׯ߳ϴ÷׵ѾͿԿҾһ㡣
ֻ˵ĶԻӻĿ治٣һӻһǧʮģƽۣ
㲻֪˵ǰ컻ĲŽжأǴǰ죬˵һӿܻһǧһأһ
˵Ҳϡ棬⻻ǮզرأǶ֪ʲôʱܻĶһЩʲôʱ򶼻һЩûʲôǮ
һҲ̾ǿɲ£˭֪ôأ
ĪһĵһͷĪȥдü۲Ӳֶ˺üţ
˵ҲǹŴ泴˰ɣûʲôӪĪԼҿ㻨ǮͲ֪ʲôʱǣʲôʱ䣡
Īĥţһ߽Ų˸䣬żǮׯƹ񣬻ӳ
ŶʮǮĪпţʵ¶ƿԲǲյҲ̫ˣ˵ղǴѵͭǧʮǮģ꣬صҪ˵ͭҲûطˣҲС˲١
ò̫ˣ˼һĹĵģ֪ǮⲻǵҪ¸治ףСİȫ̫ˣûأ
Īֻܰ뷨ǳٻЩĵģĥŻͷٺú룬ʲô취
СʲôĪͷ˿
ɵĵ㣬ҳԱˣղһ·ֵСʳĪһݣһ·Թģ
ˣҪд磡Ī
磬ҳԱˣˣһʱ˷ܣˣ
ǲȻȥҵǣõǳԷòãղЩʳɲͣͶٳһ㣬ôĪ
˵ţĪżԺȥĪԺſڣͨһͿ﷢ĪСߣ﷢С٣
󣬴磡ĪСٳһЩˣɿĪŵĺӣ̲סʣ磬С˭ҵģÿɰƯ
ԣЩԹĿĪС٣ĵĵ磡ȣ
Īٴ̲סħץĪСһ֪ˣһ㵣Щģ漴־һð취Թ̲סЦһ
﷢۾ЩЩ죺ƣôˣ
¾͹ˣǳԷ𣿡Īһʣһ˳С
ǵü̲ס磡֣СҪԶĪ
ĪСٶȥˣһ߰ѼĪħצ½ȳһߵҲûأ磬һɣСܸСѾȹȥˣ
ɫĴ͸Źϣοյĵ񻨴߰ߵϸ⣬̴ľ䣬һӢ괩һɫƽ¸һ֮Ƶһ
˿һеĿˣ̫ӵ𣿡
˵ͷҡҡͷǣӦ˵ǻˣǵģֵ֤ѾռĲˣˣѾִּؿѺ



ʮ ȷ
ּ֮ľʮȷǽְɱ̫֤ݣһ㶼Ҳ𣿡Щģֲˣȥɣȥ飬ϾҾģҸһЩ
ҡҡͷУͬСɡҲ֪ˣƻּթȻҰɱ̫˵Ѿ˳ֵ׼㶷ģڣǹ˹ԵɺϾ˱˾½ҵˣһѱץֻܴӳ飡
̫ӵأô˵
̫ӵҲ˼Ȱѽ£ʣµ֤ңֲڱ˾ǲЩ㲻жٻ£˵
ǵģ֪𣬵ֲ㣬¶㱻ƭˣһ¶֪ǽĵӣ̫ӵһɫУͻȻ
ĸϹȻһæ񣺡̫ӵǧꡢǧꡢǧǧ꣡
𣡡̫һ̧֣
ɣ̫һ㣬һҪʵشģ´𰸲Ϲµ⣬¾㣡
̫ӵ£֪ض֪޲ԣŵĵ
㣬ǰ˵µĺȻ֮£ģֻǰο£̫ӱ࣬һ˿Σ
һɫ£Ȼʧȥһμ䣬о̫ӦǰȻģԣȻ˴£
̫ԣϵϲҲڲסããģ·֮Σʶ֮֮
£Ϲæο£Ҳ֮ǵ̫ƣܲϲⴧȱˣ
̫ҡҡͷҲǹµĴˣ˵ˣ½ǰֻΪһ£ֻҪµĺȻµľͰˣ
һ֣£ԸȥѰ̫֪̫˵ȻҪȥѰ̫
̫Ҳ㣬²˴ݾߣҪԻ㣡Ұ֪ϸ˵һ飬Ƿк©ĵطԻѰң
ҲǿҲ֪ڵı£ȷʵǲܹùЩˣӦǣҵ
պ󣬱˾Ѳ̷ֽΡ
֪Ϣʱ򲻽ЩԾϹ񣺡ⱱ˾ѲȻ̷̷ְ֣Ҽǵ̷˸̫Ӳ׽ɣ
⻰˵úʲô̫Ӳ׽ʵ˵ⲻ̫һɵİɣ
Ϲ˸룬㻹̫ˣ룬ⱱ˾Ѳ̷ְúãԵΪΣ
룬Ϲ񣺡̷׽
̷ǻϵˣϹֱ׵ĸ
ϵˣ˼˵̷˸ηȨ󣬿Ϊ˵̷˱˺ã
ɵӣˣ̷˳ЩϰҲǺ֣Ҫ֪϶̫֮£ҲǼΪŭ̷ȥҪ̷ȥˣʱ̷ֱ˳ȥϣɱ̫ӵµȥúãϹ
ŻȻȷʵǣ֪Ƕģȴȱ֤ݣʹ֤ݣ̫ӳȥ˵׼ʥϵĻɼã̷õģΪ̷ǻԼˣ˵ĻʵģϲỳɣǨŭϾ̫ӿܺߣ
˾ǣ˿ɽһųĶ飬Īżȥʱ򻹾֣ɽƹ񣺡л壬ʲôӣôôˣ
ɽƹлɽЦúϲ£죺ɹӣˣٶأ
Ȼָ˵ЩɶӢ۴ģ
Ī죺ô𣿡
ȻˣǷɹдĺãлɽһĪ¥һߵ
Īæ֣Ǵ
ɹӣ֪ɷдɲ֪ԴӢ۴һԺʱͱʼڶʲôʱеĶвСţлɽԹĴ߸壡
ĪЦģһΣҰѵĲˣֻʱԼǵðպã
ģ̫ˣģǰ³һԲлɽԣֵϸЦӣ֪жˣ
Ʒɣˣ𣿡һĪȲĵ
ĪݸҲźˣԼ¥ȥŶӵ˶˵ǶˣЩǮ
ȰһˣİŲҳָƯСŮ
Сû˵ͷӻúܣϷߣ
ҪǺ֪ﻰ϶ҪԩǿһˣôͱϷˣ



ʮ ֱץ
Ī֪˿Ư̲סЦˣˣ
ﶺˣⲻڿԩ
ԩ꣬ǻָ˵õģڶʱ򣬽Ӣ۴һˣӢ۴˱㿴һ
ĪҲʵĴ˱ֻǴſһҪ˵ѧĺô֮һѧرãһۣһ㣬ž֪ĿԲˣ
ĿȻûģҲֳɣһһοӡԺּӡΣſ󣬺˵أʿ׵ӡˢ취ɱͲ˵ٶҲ죡
һӯǧٶʮٷ֮ʮǮ˵ǮĪ˵ķ֣һǾװ棬һּģ˵ײһ򾡣װĻżŲҳҳǻĹһЩȽΨڵĻһλģĪԺ󣬲ŷȥģȻĳλ鷨ҵֽ֣õѦμ㣬īõϵȵīһװʮ
һģȻ鷨ңȴҲһ鷨֣ݸװû𣬵ûв廭ֽŵҲ϶ȲѦμ㣬ӡ
ԭǷ᲻ûгϾ۸񶨵Щߣô๦Ҳйעһĸоںһɣʵ֤۹⻹Ǻܾ׼ģ
ƱݸĪһǧٶʮҸһǧ
Īɣ
û£һͳ緹
ĪҲͲˣУ
ôǮĪ۾ˣָһ⣺ط㲻Ȿ飬ֵԶԶֹЩҾÿȥԶĵطȥ·𿴵ԴԴϵǮڴѹ˼Ҷ˵ǮĶǴ񣬹Ȼˣ
ǰͨߣһʮһǺôࣿ
Ҳ۾ˣ⣬ҪĪ󾭣
ⷽ棬Īûʲô飬ֻô뷨ˣҲȫģĪ뵽Ͷ꣬ǾÿȥұĵطĴ
⣬ҪĪ̸
ȴȻһԩԩأү
ˣߣһӵ´
ĪԼͬĴյ濴ȥŷֵ·йٱȻѺһЩˣŮ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ˲ϸĪ̽ʲôˣƷɣǻʲô⣬ǻͷ˵Щ£ҪȸˣҿģʱҲȱȥˣƽϢߡ
ĪҵҲЩǻУȻ㣬û˵ûУȥɣҲôõģʲôҪϢ֪һ
һ֣ȸˣ˵ϴҴ¥
֪ʲôĪĪҲЩ£СԹϣûµģСأǾţܰȫģ
ԹԵͷţ
±ŶСǾЩżˣ¶ô󣬰˵ûȥ㱨ģֵ¶ûҪǺã
Ȼеˣе£Ǯ˰æţ
ҲȥȻŻ˵ģźѲļҾ죡
ôһǳҲˣѲļҾ죿Ī¥һѲʶһ
ӡ̫ˣһֱŴѪȣ
ȥԺ̽һϢʹС˻˵ҼҸĪ˵ʥּѺ⽹ѲؾĪӻȥʱ·СһЩûĪӻؼң
Īڰ֣ã֪ˣллҹӣˣҿҲƽϢˣҲһ
򣬽ֵָֻƽĪżȥĪӳԷ﷢ˣӲǸ˹
ׯϣ᲻ģ﷢ĪĪԽƯˣ
ãͦģĪҲȷʵˣӢ۴дˣдڶԭ;£ָΪ׻Ե
յ˸ѣֱһǶ
Ҫ˵ڵӶĪ˵ЩģÿȻ𣬵ҲĪԼǱѣҪʲôԼʲôʱдʲôʱдʲôʲô
ҲĪУÿҪȭǹⶼǼµģҲΨһܽӴѧɲҪڼӿ
Ȼϴ裬緹Ȼ̼飬ׯ˸СѧãϾڲȥ飬ҲܵȻдżׯϹһ䣬ôׯӵһЩ顣

ʮ ﷢
ƷɣԺҪԺҲμӣ𣿡﷢ЩڴĿĪ
ʲôĪʣû˵
ĪӾͽӿˣǱ˾һͳÿǹ󣬸ǾҪһԺ˾ԺԲμӣһ͸ǵļԺչĲĿԺ˵ɽԺ̨ԺԺҲ
ҪֵͦģĪӳĿԼŮ۾
⣿ˣĪȤģֻתһ뵽ղſЩ£ĪϢˡ
ôˣҪСٸСܻСﶼϳģĪӵ
ĪԽȤˣĪӣǶʲô
һ飬һǾ˵ģһŵģһǷǵĽһŶۺԺʵɳѧμӣһǸ飬ַ飬С飡Īӵ
С٣СܣСձʲôĪЩ˧Сӣ
㣬ұѡ۸油ģһҲΪ油ĪСЩ˼ЩϾ˵һϿɣ룬˺ȣ
ʵ۵ĻǿĪСÿÿǶȲͬΪӱ
㣬Ҳʦ˵ֺֿãĪС΢Щ⡣
㣬鷨Ҳ油ĪСԴ
ʵĪСֵԴӽԺһʼΪӦϾȱ̫ˣȫû黹һ㣬ҲǼûģ滹һЩҲЩʣ
ֵΪЦҲģֻƴѧڿʱڲȣǿ̿࣡
ѧĿγ̣ӦһʱԺҲֳǸеˮ׼ƲǰҲˮƽǲԱˣ
ĪС鷨Ͼͱֳ˵츳ܵԺ鷨εķϲĪСܵģȴϲ񣬲ܵӣ
ǻ滭棬ĪСҲֳһ츳֮鷨ǿû滭εʦпſϧϧĪС֮ǰûӴ滭ļ궼˷ˣ
ĪСǱڼԣȻҲܲ
ĪСٿûʲôʵģ˶Ŀһ£Ҳܵۿʦϲ
Ȼ﷢ȲҲڣƷɣҲǲμɣ
һˣĪȻοĪСܣСܣѾˣҪ룬ǲԺʱ䣬ܵ油ˣ˻أ
ĪСסԺԭһԺķµģǺӰˣɷӵ˿ţרѧǣĪӵûסԺסҲ͸Ժб棬ͦġ
ԷǹӶԺķӵݼҵϸˣһͣ
Ī˵﷢ЩʧʣΪʲô
ĪС´﷢һۣȻЩ˳ۣ
粻ҲãֵҿҲ֪ôҵģĪСҲһ˵
ĪȴϵС٣СܣС﷢ǻͷɱܣҸոտѲץˣнѲļҾҲһץϣѺ붼
ʲôĪһ
﷢ҲЩ죬һʱЩĬ
ڶĹҲûоУι־ͰʾԺɽҪֵģ˭֪ͻȻ飬ʵû飬ѲץҲǺܴ飬ڵԱӰƳǺġ
Ƴ˲һѮ࣬˳ԾԱļζиʱλûһʱ䣬һεжְһεľְûǰ֪϶ûа취ϸġ
һȴڽֱץĵڶ죬Ѳ̷Ͼ;λˣٶȣò˵һѸ٣
Ϊ˰ģ̷־λĵһ¾ǸԺɽȻˣһεĹɣ
ɽȻûκεˣʱͶʮ
Īȥۿһ¹ʢ£֮ǰĪ˵ֳ飬ÿȸģݲͬ
ĪС˸ĽȻ͵ģԺ˹⣬ĪСβͲˣǵ⣬ĪСٸĪСȻûеʲôΣҲ˳
ҲûźڹƣǸ֪ˣ죡
ĪƷɿβ͵ĪСܶ޻ͷƮĪСһ죬ͷٴأ
˭֪޵ǳϣһϵ˷ܾȻˣǫ飺㣬ʵ֪һкܶĲ㣬ܶ˶ֻҷһû˷ֵĴŽҵģ

ʮ Сѧ
ּ֮ľʮСѧĪŶοĪˣڴĻҲû˵ˣֻĪССԴСôõģܵýȷʵʵɸҪԼĲ㣬ܹ˵һ⻰㶼˵۶˭˵һģѧֹ֪ʶûоͷģҲû˭ֻиģ
ĪС̵ܽĵͷ㣬֪ˣ
ĪĪСȷʵǫ飬ҲͰ¶ˣĪСĳˣ˲ˣ
ȴ֪ĪСţԼɣԼһ´󣬻Ҫǫ飡Ȼ˶Ҫ͵һ㣬ʵԼ˭֪ǫһ»ᱻᱻ䣬һٶð
ĪȻ֪ĪСˣȻֻЦãĪСԹҲ̫תˣ
գ﷢ҪܵĪׯ棬ԻûĪׯӲ˾ÿЦ
Ƶ´ԼĶһۣȻЦ֪Īżʲô𣿡
֪﷢ҡҡͷһãȻĿԼĸף֪ԼôͻȻԼ⣡
ŰС˰ƹпţ˵СҲСˣʮˣûҵżңĪɲż𣿡
﷢һͼˣʲôôԣСأôˣʮ꣬˼Ҳʮż㿴ҲҲʮˣҲ𣿡
һ﷢ԴϣЦСӣΪͲҲͿԿͯˣϽһЩܿţҸĶ󣬷Լûʱ˼ƾʲôѹŮ޸㣿˵ˣкŮһ𣿡
﷢ԣʱңңҲŲҪôȢϱأȢϱҪţ
ȢϱĪׯʲôʵ
ȥ֮ͬ꣡﷢
ƶʱһƸ﷢ԴϣɵСӣ֮ͬ꣬һŮʲô֮ͬꣿ
﷢дʣǰ֪갡㲻ܣȻ˵ŮӣҸô겻ٵģ
ƼϣԼӾǸСɵӣ֮ͬأ
ҲԼҶӣֵÿԼҶڣҲû˵ĪҪСżңȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ϱܲˣ
Ҫ˵ԭû룬źԼҶӣҲû뵽ԼĶӸˣȡϱĪܳΪԼ£ּɵģͲأ
˭ĪӺʹ㣬ƷҲãԼҶӻϲԺˣҲܸԼ˵ɪã
ƾûвģȻҲţĪҸ㶨˼ңˣ
Īûж룬Ī˵﷢ǻִ֮ͬ꣬ѧͬѧ֮Ĺϵһģ˭ȥƽΪʲôԼͬѧŮ
﷢ĪͦӭģҲû룡
﷢ʱĪׯϿΣȻû΢ãĪҲҪ̼ѧϰСҪģׯϵĺӶûǮȥ飬һֻǸϣֻҲǸϣĪɴ˸Сѧã̵ׯϵĺӸ飬üһ档
СѧһԽĿʣȻƽﲻܳȥ飬ׯҲ󣬼èɽºģԵĲУֻҪΪĪҲܣ
ҿûȥѧҲ湻æģҪ̼Ӷ飡﷢пš
ĪЦЦҲãĹ𣿾ôﲮûҪ֪Ҫͯˣ˵ƽŵòУ
﷢˵һӾͿ˵Ͳ˵㿪ĵÿ㶼ҪṦΣôӭ𣿡
ˣҲǿﲮͦŵ𣿵ûﲮͬȥҪ򣡡Ī˵òȻ﷢ͦģ﷢ҪǷ˴ҲǻԥĲһᣡ
﷢εĵҿ治ӭңҲĵ£ǽҵĶ̣
ããҲ˵ˣĪԼͺˣ
ҪϿ𣿻ҪȥǼȥ㣿ոķ綼˿˿⣬ҲǷĪׯϪˮɱׯˣҰζҲܺãʱׯϵСǻȥ׽Ϻз
һĪƷֹģΪϪˮЩЩӿһСĶҪͽȥŽֹĪͰѵóʱȻеģûóЩӻ֪棬ֹ˺ǽΣյо



ʮ Լ
ּ֮ľʮԼȸϿΰɣ﷢Ϊʦʼղ䣬̸Щӵ֪ʶǳԵģʤε
ǽһڿΣĪ͸ӲҵȻͰСýɢˣ
ĪûأСõѧǾͶʱһ߸׳׳Скվȥɣڵɷˣǿûؼ㣡˵ţʱ˿ڿˮ
ðð׳ǰѿαʰþ
ôСȥȥһкʼ
Լȵ鱾ӳȶˣ뻹ʰ鱾
СӣʻԴ˷ܣҡҡͷ˵һСкôˣǲҿǻɽɣɽҰӶˣժЩҰӣʱȥ㣡׳㲻˵ôͷóʹʹʲô˼˼أʱһ϶࣡
Ҳô࣬ӾС
д׳СĪׯҵĺӣ׳֣ͬ˱Ǹ߸׳׳ġ
׳Ҳ˷ܣУУϿΣþûȥɽˣҼǵɽϻһҰѡ˵һ¿ˮ
ҰʲôóԵģ֪ӣͷǴЩӻ𣬲źóأһӷ
аͷǿӳ԰ɣþûˣ
ȿֺ˵ɽϵıأʿˮȻȲߣڼӻǺܶµģ֪ҪȰ鱾ջؼȥԼ棬Ȼһɽ
Ī﷢ûԶһ伸ҪȥˣʱʧЦͦ뷨ģĪҲȥܼӣҲϣĺܺãȫԺܸߣùЩӣ
﷢Ҳ£˵ҶȤˣҲȥɣСϪǴ󣬲ǵǸСϪ̫Сˣûʲô˵ˣ벶㣬һܲõ﷢Թš
УҪһȥŶĪʵҲЩΪѣܲð﷢ﲻܰɣ
ʱĪС߹磬ôҲң㣬˵ʲôĪС˵֪﷢ȻԼׯˣԼһ𣬿ɲ͸Ϲ
ûʲôĪĪСˣ˿С٣ȸ﷢һȥűߣһؼȥӣ
û°һȥã﷢ȴȻĪСٵһΪæѧϰأҺ㣡ȻĪСٱĪѧĪСҲ˿Բμͯʱˣѧķͬʱ³ȥͯ
＾ﶼʼͱ죬࣬Ƚϸ壬ҲȽƵĪӣʵûʲô飬֪ӴͷһͷȻͬʱ£һٰϣ
ĹɽˣʱĪѾȥٵ㣬رģгӵĸ첲ϸˡ
ȻĪЩеȱȽϴģʣµȫŻˮ
ĪҲףûоַǱⲻսŪǱһ˦βѶʪˣȻֻģûץסϵһ˦βƿˮ
һ﷢һˮĪСٸĪƷһ
һЩϺȻҪļӣһЩзģһͰɣЩϺзĪɾͲܴСˣСرСģ
ս㣬һϺзʱ
Ī˵ȣ
ִִĴ㣬ĪЩˮˣǰԵ㣡
Ͱ˼ңĪøϣµĪ֪һ㣬ǰʱżҲһ㣬֪ҪȰƬˣȻõ۸ץȣȻͷٰѲҶӡȵȵˮ죬һ֥飬ϴлȣϣһĴ!
ѾϰĪ˼룬ĪĻû
ûҪ˵ģĪסˣֻһˣ͹ˡ
ȻԵôҴ񫣬ģúȣ﷢ӳԵ˶᲻ͣĪҲòȥһӾͳ׷õĵĺãĪԵù񫼫ˣ
˳ԵҲͦĵģ
緹﷢ûϢĪСٸĪȥɢʳ
Īׯһ죬﷢ͦĵģоصǰһиӹ棬﷢Щ֣ĪСٿЩԼЩ˳ۡ



ڶʮ ջļ
ּ֮ľڶʮջļҪ˵ĪСҲͦģƽ飬ɲ֪ΪʲôǾĪСЩ˳ۣȻÿ˵ʱСٶҪϲ廰ĸۣ
һЩˣ﷢һ棬ﶼã
һ㲻﷢ˣĪҲˣ﷢Ժ󣬲ĪС٣С٣ôЩ﷢ô𣿡
ĪСЩ㵣漴뵽ԼҴڸ鷽òЩ޶ۣЦЦ赭дĵôأҾǾ÷þûǼˣ˵һ㣡˵ƽﶼǼȥ棬ȷʵǺ棡
ҪҲĪ˸и£ĪСܸĪСǸ﷢治ģĪСھ֮ǰЩԺ˱úܳȣּԼǳ֣оѹθˣߺܶγ̵ѧϰָϣæûʲô˼ˡ
Ī˵ŮҲ﷢һˣǳ˵˼룬Ҫæȥˣ˵棿
﷢ʵʵľͱĪһ꣬ʮ꣬ʵʵڵľǸӣҲûôķ£ҲĺúõģֻҪʮĺӾͿˣȻ棡
ʵ﷢״̬ģ
ĪԻû룬οĪС٣С֮֮ˮ㲻̫ˣѼཻǵؾ쳤һʱʱûʲô
ĪСٵͷ㣬֪ˣ
ʱֵ£ũׯæȻģƽׯǶôɢ⼸죬ûһеģĪׯҲ⡣
ԪһáĪˣżãˮСոˣźɹ
ȻûЩׯô֣Щׯϵ˱Ƚ⣡
ĪҲûκΪˮС֮ǰϵģЩԭĵⷽʽĪҲû棬ܹǼҳԵľˡ
Ȼڶһ첻ĪׯׯոˮСѧĺúӶҪæʲôĻƣҲ԰æˮͳʳȻЩܼ顣
Īȭʱׯϵ˶֪ˣȭϴ衢ԷԺĪżһȥСԼˣҪһ룬ӣ룬԰æˮ
֮ǰû飬ĪҶֵأԵض֣ҲͿĺЩ飬һʱ仹ЩʸУ
ĪҲûӳԵͦõģԻܹȥһ£
Īվ߿ţҪֵľͰ֣ҪҪ֪ôոô͵ġ
ȻĪϣҷɢּ϶˹ûʲôеİЧʾǵ͡
ĵضҪͳһˣȻǲӣĪһؿ﹡ڶҪӻе豸ȻˣνĻе豸ʵһЩƳ֮ģʱѾˣǼ۸ʵǲˣǴ͵ׯĵ軧ͼһܣǴ˺һܣӣ
ĪׯׯСׯӣ򣬾ͼ˼ңǰмҵ׶һ̨ӣοǲóԺ
ĪҪӵľеһЩԱʵõĻеһЩûУǼ׵ĶҲ˵Īּ׵ʩʵͰľͰЩۣȻ滹ٷһ㣬۶ϣѶ˵˵طٰһȻǷϣڵ磬ֻҪһȦԼһĽˣˮҲ
ĪĥԭƳϣƼƳͰȻͰۣʱƳƳߣҲڼɣһЩ
ǲǿװˮȻͨˮǲǻ᷽һЩ
ЩǰĪʱɨ·ߵأôʱũǻҲİ

ĪȻ뵽ɺʱûˮô죬Ҫһˮ⣬ͷҪûˮˣ⿿СϪɲУͷҪǱ˽ˮô죿˵ˮˮźã
ȻĪɢ˼ά뵽طٺƸɺĿԲ󣬷ˮʱܱȽϴɣǲӦڼҲ׼һЩأ׼ˣҲҪ׼һЩС
ôһգĪ뵽˺ܶĶôһ룬ׯϸǵķͲǿⷿʲôյô࣬ཨһЩкôģ
һʱ䣬ׯæȻ죬칫ҲҲĴ죬ׯǰʳɹˣս֣Űˡ
ջûãҪʼס󶹣



ڶʮһ ˮ
ּ֮ľڶʮһˮ˿˵¾ջļڣׯһƬæµģٵľ
ʳĪҶ¶Цݣʱʳǰ֮رũ˵ûʲôסз¸˰ĵˣ
ҲԺĪׯׯǲ֪Īׯĺôж٣ׯ˸СѧãȻѧٶɺôúʶ֣ȻƶˣǱǰʡˣܶ඼бĻеʡ¡
պһĥкų̈ʯīĥƶģĥ׵ģĥģׯϻ¿˹ĥ
ȻҪǮʡ¶ˡ
ڸǾϲǸŵĵȻйĶˣΪֵ࣬ĵضֵ࣬ʳǽ˰Ժʣºܶ࣬أʳͶˣý˰ֱϲУ
ʳԲ꣬ĪһûĪĪ˵һ£гļ۸Щׯʳ̵ļ۸񣬶Ǹũļ۸񣬻ȥıһЩ
ԸľûԸҲνҲ˺µģ
ŵֵˮС󲢲࣬ԼϸũģĪҶŹһݵģ˭ĪҶԴԺθڶأҲԭĳһ뵽ڳˡ
Ī˵ˣһٷܸɵ׷ִ룬ŪĺܴʵģȵŰ˷ֱĪСǰСӳӣҲѶã
߲˹Ϲ˲٣ƶ̶סȵȵĹв٣ԶԲ꣡
Щ߲Ҳû˷ѣƵĸƵҵչĺҵģҲ֪ôģӲڸɱһ˺üҾ¥˵ڳ˼̯˺üרſ̯⣡
ĪͶأΪЩΪҲ֪ߵĹϵسŵ죬سŵĹԱʶһ
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ԴӿջûãׯӾͿʼӯˡ
ׯӯĳЩ⣬мѼ죬µʱһЩµ׾Ϳʼ½мµˣӢĪӶõҩȥ
Īӵǲ͸Ī򣬵̫ԶˣҲһϰٸӢÿξͼҲʮӢȣ·;ɢˣƻˣҪ֪Ҳбڵġ
⸮ǵӢļ۸ǱĪ򻹸һ㣬ǸҽݸۣĪм۸һչġ
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˵ĪׯҲ˸С͵гׯĶҪģҿ໥ͨ
ѼĻѼջͶҪ˼Ҳ
ȻׯӯˣׯӵӯĪõЩأ˵յʱ뵽Щеȥ죬ȻˮĥҪǷӣŴŲ㹤ã
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ʱڣԽûһ¶Уۿ⼸һ꣬Ǿ͸Ǻˣ
һ꣬ĪֻڷȭһڵңͦģĪƷɹĪɵö˶ţоԽˡ
ϴԺɵûȥ˼·
ÿЩվգô󣬲֪᲻ᵢС١СܡСǻ
ĪʫӨһһ룬űߣһߴ壬һͷҲû̧ĵͲõˣǻ׼ʱģڳҲᱻ꣡
ܲģô󣬵ׯߵ·϶ŢߣûЩģ



ڶʮ 
ּ֮ľڶʮ¹ôһ˵ĪʫӨҲɵ÷ϵߣǣô죿Ȼȥӵǰɣ
꣬СûڼĪʫӨѾϡõСõСˣĪСҲȥѧˣϣЩƽﶼǸĪһ飬ĪѧϰģĪдڱϻ߿飬֣߱УĪȥϿΣѧŮ죬ҲĪʫӨѧˡ
ȻȵĪСݵʱ򣬾͸ĪСȣ
ĸŮ죬Īոմż˵ʲô
ȻþͰԼĵ˵һ飬ĪʫӨ˵ҪȥĪǡ
Īûأʲôûô
˵ģڲУׯִ󣬲ȻĪ޲ðׯϵ·ʯ壬ÿߵŢͲˬ죡
Ī꿪ʼѹեĺӣĴҵȻòʯ壬ǿѧĪ΢ﲼõöʯ
ĪҴĵأ΢ѧһ죬൱ĺã·˶ʯʱҲõĵ·ŢûŵĵطŪһˣ
ʱǿԣĪ·ҲŪˣΪģΪĪܺùһЩ
Ҳǣ˳Īһ鲼ǲϵˮա
ʱĪûгˣĪʫӨѧϰĪˣսˣҲһ˶ǮˣڵһѼ춼òˣʣµĶǵڶģڰ󲻴ģÿꡣ
ɽϵҲûأһʼʱĪҶץʮ̶ֻ̣ˣĪĥǲɱһͷ
Ҳׯϵׯֵ⣬ǳԵĺһЩЩȻιˣιѼιЩƶׯЩҲҪһġ
˻˵Ӳ㣬ʵѣȻͬһ䣬Ȼͳһˣԭ߷ֵķ㣬ׯ⣬ȻׯÿԼı㣬һƽȥÿö⣬ȻĪٳһ⣬Щĺõˡ
ĪӻĪ궼ѾͣˣǵЩŢ
ĪѯĪӵˣĪȻûκεˣɱɣɱһͷȻЩŹ꣬ǼҲԲô࣡
ֻҪôЩ⣿Īʡ
ܼ򵥣ʱյˣĪ
ȻĪӵͷУ漴룬ָĪﲮû˵һҶûз֣Ǽҵĵ㶨ʵҲЩԿģϾԼҵģԼṩģﲮ˵ˣ겻ˣ飬ҲԼҳǮģ
ĪӲǿ̱ˣǾ⻰˵Щ׶׳ģûϵҪǹ߳ëʹˣ︽ׯӣ
Īû⣬Ī֪ѽһˣô죿
ĪӵûϵɣǵһʩǣͲˣﲮ˵ׯӰũߡ¿ʲôģԼǮģͲܰˣ
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ĪĪ룬ԼʵׯӶĪڹܣܵôĪӶνǮ
Īʵû룬ĪԼ̫ĪˣС֮£ˣ
Īӻﲮ˵ׯõ취ʵͦģ࣬ׯõĶ࣬ǵõҲࡣÿ̱ׯ˵ǽԴϲĽˣⷽҪٿȫһЩ
⻰˵ûĪׯĵ軧ǿԳӹˣʳһʳոչԣľͲˣɽô࣬ǾͿԳ˳Բ˵жĪңڼҼһŸԼЩ޲޻׼ˣ
ĪһģأֵˣõȻͶˡ
ĪûϣУҪɣƳҲˣˣʱûָ͸ѧòһĪ뵽ǰʱ˵ǻĹơ
𣿡Īʵ⣬оȥãСɣʲô뷨˵˵
ĪԽԽã͵:ģأԸݻƵ䣬չּ㡣



ڶʮ Ī
ּ֮ľڶʮ¾Īӱ˵صĻǼ֣ȻȽʡĻǼӣ䣡Ȼ˭˶ٻƣȲ٣һЩͿһ㹤֣һЩ־͸ߣȻʱǾׯжٹ֡ܰѼЧصʵʩĸһ㣬ľ͵õĶ࣬ٵģ͵õ٣
һӵĹƽӶЩܼ飬Ȼ㹤֣Īи뷨Ϊ˷ֹӱֵѹեʱμϿζй֣ѧĺõҲй֣ǺŬģҲмֵǷ䣡
Īϸϸİǰ˵ĹڹƶȸĪӵ˵ˣĪСٵͷһ򵥵ģ˲һͥ飬Ҷ㼺ϾǸƶȻкܶ಻ƵĵطĪҲûֻ֪ô£־ô仹治
Īɴֽ¼ҲģȻһһĸƸöٹ֡
ĪҵĺȻôũǶʲôũҲЩ˽ģԶܷһԼ˵ϡ
ҲСɽȥժҰɽιժԼժɽҩ֮ȵȵǲҲӦ㹤أ
ĪСһֱأĪ㣬ͷҪԪׯͷһ£ԪׯͷʲôûУԪׯͷϾǶУ
ĪͷȻӦõģͷһҪﲮһ£ûʲôҪģֶǼ˼棬˵ʵ⿿ԼĿ϶ǲȫģûǸϽӣ
ˣĪ˵ˣʲô𣿡
ûУôˣĪʵ
ģﲮ˵ǳԲ꣬Ȼͷʱܺãܻȱ⣡Īӵ
ȻǿԵģĪǵͷﲮҪͷУǹҪؼ𣿡
Īӻû⣬˵żеʱͦģҪ˵жʵûУ߾ܲӦϰԺû̹ׯӶԼҵģԼҵҲûʲôŮ˵ļƷݣӻĵģ
ΨһҲǸĸɣȻż룬ԼҵĴܣСʱǣ
ʱؼҲô׵£ϼҴڵģҲҪЩ죬ǻȥĶҪǰ׼
ȷʵͦæģԭ֪ԼѧʶǳڽԺ飬ˣмĺӣԺļڷŵģĪ֪ӿ϶ҲʱúѧϰӦǲȥġ
Īֲȷˣ˼죬ĪСֵܣ꣬˵ؼ𣿡
ĪСٳһ£Īӣ𣿻жܡܣ𣿡
ǲصģС⣬ûʲôرģȥҪԺܶĵݣҪǻصĻҲų⣬ϲӦΪжϵı׼
ĪСֱӷĪӣȻǼ˵ۺϴҵȻԼĴ𰸣
ҲȥҾҪöĿγ̣͸ϽˣֻܳŷżٶѧϰϽˣȻĪСЩίĵģоӦûʲôʱѧϰ
ڶˣûе˵ＫƷݶ࣬ÿ궼Ҫһ飡
ĪСûĪСһ˵ҪؼңСϸߣҲؼң˵Զ˼磡ɼүүøһ㣬˶ᣡǱǸǣҲʹüҵıǺһ㣬˶ᣡ
ʵĪĪСʵҲǣĪ̫ˣ
ĪС֪ԼøʲôˣĪСٲĪȥÿܻ븸ĸǼмƷݣȥ뷨ûôУĪʫӨ͸˵ˣӦøС̬ͬ
ԹؼĪӣ˶ĪҴ壬˵ĸû˭ĪϾô꣬ĪСٿĪӣٴһ飺ȥ𣿡
ĪЩᣬĪС٣ЦС٣ȥֲȥȥҪ¡
Ȼ˵ĪںףǿǼʮֵܰ˵ϾͶϵģȥҪԺܶ飬ĸףȻĸ׶ԲСʱĸҲ۰ġ
ĪСڸȷԼĴˣҿɣϾߵĵһ꣬صҲͦģүүүǻûأȻǾͽǹ꣬Ǹһ¸ǵ֣ȹ꣬үүǻȥףҸСܡСٸԺĽȣٻؼңô



ڶʮ 
ּ֮ľڶʮµĪһ۾һУǾôɣ
ĪСټĪһظӶʱЩ֪ԼϵѶˣڹؼʱ̻ǹϵģǼҵֻܸ⣡
Ī˵˽겻ȥ꣬Щ𣿡
ûʲôõģǰѵӹסɣҲڸ漸죡ĸҲסɣĪӰѰ˵ˡ
Ҳ۾һ׼õʲôʱ˵ЩԼҵˣҵͲˣ
ûµģˣĸôҲףĪӵǲΪ⣡
ĪǾã˵ĪСģĪĪСһۣŷĪСĳˣ
Ҷⶼͦͬģ֪ԭĪж಻ġ
߷ͦģŵط󣬷Ӿˣ˽շ仹ͦģԤʲôеסٲãء
Ī˵ǸЩׯǵķӣһչ󣬾ׯʽȥסˣǸׯĽȻʣʮӣǱߵҵ軧ģʣµʮǰղ׼ׯӵҪ˼ңŶһЩأ
˹ˣԽˣټʩĴĪׯƳ˵ؾǷ˰ɣ
Բ¼ˡ
Ӣ۴ĲʱĪżȥ˸ǣڼŮװԽģˣҲϰˣϾҪ߶ֻ
ĪҲкӶʶʶʵͦõģ
Ī׺һԺ󣬾ͿʼæµҴĶˣҵĳҲ
һθĪĻѾһĳɹȻûмǮǺҵӡˢҹӹҪӡ飬Ǿ鶼ҪӡǺܶӡ
һĪûйĪ˵ЩʲôлƹԼҶ˵Ǹһԭ
ĪЦŰڰ֣ûϵ֪ٶҺæ
һε˱Ŀ棡лƹĵ
ĪҲûƿȻһлƹƱһεƱһζֹΪǵڶۣһЩǵһ۶ܹǧٶʮ
ǮĪͲˣżٴεһߣһ䣬ת䣬Ȼ˵һֱղأȫòޣԻҪЩ޻ѵġ
˵ĪľԼҪӼˣһרŸģȻżˮƽԽԽߣĪܲܲŽʣҲܸĪӵĲٲɲУ
ҪׯӣҪϴ¡չ˼ˣʱȥ飿
ڼҲûǸһЩĪóҪС
˳ҪиʹӣרŴɨģһ̸·ģڳŽӹеƷĪЩִĸˣҼǮˣûбҪĿģʱһЩѣȻŷζʮ㣬ǴʲôģϾô·ûʲô⡣
ҪǰûǮҲˣҪǾܼĴھԺĪҶһΣУǵǮֻʱʱʱ̵̿ɶʱǮͻˣʲô˼ôǮ
ڼǮˣǰʱԺ󣬼˱㣬滹ԣȥׯģʣµĹ۵߲ˡϹļѼ죬Լ࣬Ĺܹ࣬ңûҲʮ
Ȼ˵۳ũߣӣиǷӵĸֻԺ󣬽ûӯǮֻǵһ꣬гнЩǽĶ࣬ˡ
ټĪдˣһþһǧҿӣڶǵһε࣬ԺԽԽãҲԽԽ࣬кöûдأǮǵ
ĪеҪһԼ˴ÿÿģҪһСˣרŸĪӡĪСǵģ˵Ժﲻ㣬ͿиС˰æܸʲôģ˵һͯĪû뷨ˡ
Ըıȴûȥ׼һЩڽݵܣܲҲʲô£ǸִϣԼԼ
ţĪҲû룬ʹż˵˿˿гȥţҲֶоū͵ģмаѳţһ·ȽͬʱҲһЩɢģ֯ͿԼһ˳ţһЩҪİգǾ׬мֵۣɼǲԼˣҲ߶



ڶʮ ·
ּ֮ľڶʮ¸·Īż߽ȥûһ̲סˣҲ̫ˣָ˵棬ζ˶ģǽһζĪܲסֱ˳
ĪԼţˡ
ҲܲζطûĪ磬ǸʲôģΪʲôôˣñӣ
ЩūԼҲǱģпʲôԱļҾԭԱЩūͣĪ
ΪʲôҪЩɻ󲻽⡣
ĪƽӣС˶ǮģǵҪʱԵʱҲпܸԸ⣬Ժͻ֪ˣʵǼ֮ǰǼ˶ģˣǺӲġ
ƶǶĪͷ
Īﲻ֪ɵСԹϡ
ûˣĪţ⣬ԻˣɵԭǼţģ˳ȥţȴû뵽ǼţĲڣĪһʣ֪ԭǼÿ궼Ҫʮһ·ҲſʼûУ
Ī㬵ż˶飬ûһһɫѣЩ۵ˣǱ߿ʼһֱĪǵĺ档
ĪׯպûģĪ˼ĶأĲӴţϵӸţֽճһӣ㣬Ȼصıڹÿϸӣ֮ǰϵݸ֦ջ̫Ժǵ̫䣬Ҳһ㣬Ϊ˱֤˲гĶ̼ڰʱֲա
ҲûʲôϺõ߲ˣǼ򵥵һЩԳԲҶĲˣֻо²˸СͲˣʲôģҶ˶ԡ
Ϊ˷ֹѩӵõľͷӡ
صĪׯĪԻݵţĪҲܣׯΣΨһһľԪĵԪ¸
Ԫ¸˵ǰڶǵʱһҴ˼ҲǸ˵ׯǰǴ󻧲֪ʲô£ҲΪߺ뿪ˣŻص緢չ
Լ󶼹Ԫ¸ţԪ¸ݳǻԼݳ΢ѧѧҲģ
ۿۿۣۿۿۣһ
˭׹ƽһʣһ߹ţ
˼ңҪȥϻɽ·ˮȹˣʵǿʵûţɷˮȣŵһƽƽˣûʲôص㣬㣬Ҳ˹Ŀ
׹ƽֻ΢һ¶Էȷһ¶ԷʲôˣŲˣ˵Ļŵãţ
׹ƽĵز䣬תӽůůӰɣˮ·Ҳ٣
˽ȥл˼ң
ķͽűߣĶȫ䣬߻һСſҪҲԣ׹ƽǰ׼ҵүӣǼ˶Ȼһ£ƽСˮůġ
طСɣȥˮ׹ƽָſ˵
лл˼ңæлȻڿϣؾصģ۾Ҳҿ
׹ƽˮ˺ܸлˮ̵ͦģ˾һţһ߲źۼĸ׹ƽ죺ׯ˭ҵģôоׯӴһˣ
׹ƽһۣô֪ׯӲһ
ȻǲһҿмķһŵģžƯŴõҲש߷֪ǸĻ˼ңģҲǮ˵ЩĽ
˼ңʵһθ·ҲǼѣ֪ȥδӣֻȥͶݣɱϾȲԼңҲ֪ׯãţ֪лﵱ軧»±ҲǼõģһɫ
׹ƽ㾯裬һ⻰һͬ飬һ߰Ե⣬Ǿľ˲٣ˣҲˣǱ߻첻ȥٻظҸӦҲǲѵġֻׯӣǲܵˣ
ׯȻã˵ЩŤٶҾ˵ģ
дҲׯӲȱˣĪׯֻа˻˼ңǸһʮֵصĺ֣ǲȱ˵ģ׹ƽЩ
Īׯ˺һˮòЩʣ˼ңҲʶ٣Ϊξûĸ˼Īأ



ڶʮ Ѷ
ּ֮ľڶʮѶҿɲʲô˼ң˵ţ׹ƽţҲǲס͵ûãȷʵǺܺãЩӶǸǵģԭׯ߾һéݣĴ©أǻֵġ
ģôɾģҲûĪյĴ˼ңֺһˮȻ˵ȵˮůůȻǼõģ˼ƣ
˵Ǵ˼ˣҿǸ˳أԺ飬˵׼ͷҪȥˣ׹ƽɵӣ
˰ôɻǲ԰ôûĪվأ˼ңǵҵģ˵
׹ƽҪ˵ȴʵ벻ˣȻֲԣʱЩĿˣˣ㲻ˮ𣿴Щʲô
εЦЦ˼̫ˣⲻģϻ˵𣿼Ȼ˼ҲңҾͲˡʵСûʲôʶЩĽˣ˼ңׯĲе軧𣿡
˵Ļ˰׹ƽľ裬׹ƽȴСĶˣˣˣȻû˵ʲô
ҲƵĺˮȻַͰ׹ƽȥװЩˮȻŸ׹ƽǡ
׹ƽҲû¶ϣûи㱨ƽʵҲׯӵׯʲôģ·ˮҲУⶼ԰׹ƽȻϡ
ȴ֪£˽ׯӣתһȦֳȥˡ
ЩĪһ֪
Ȼøĸ꣬ĪӾþҪһ㣬ҵչͷչͷҲʱʱڸǵģĪȥǳסǼҿջչͷ˿ţ˵չͷҪؼңչͷȥĪׯ
ȻĪҶҶڸˣӡˢҲͣˣǸھ֣չͷϵȴ٣ׯӾڸ⸽ĪҶľ˸Щ׻ĶʱǲƥʱǺϾũҿջׯҲҪӪżҲĪ·ʲôģ˳ֵ¶
ĪҶãǾ͸ƵˣжϼأʲôöɲҪӻȥ
ҲǴɣڶչͷ˸ǣ˵Ժ󣬹ҪˣĪׯš
ĪڣĪڵģ˵չͷˣæôҽ
չͷڰ֣ֻһ仰¶չͲȥˣҪýҪץʱ·
аɣչͷģүү̣Ǵţ˵ǼҲȥˣǹ꣡չͷæ֯һ£˵үү̡ѡүԸ϶չͷæһ£үү̣ѡүǮʱ㣡Īæ
û⣬ֻѡүĸ壬˵һ£չͷһ£صԶ𣿡
ĪЩ˼е룬鷳չͷˣĪǿĵַչͷ˵һ£չͷŵʱԼôһ㣬ʱũҿջϢһ£ȻɸȥҲǿԵģ
ȻĪֵһЩ鷳չͷһ£Ȼ󿴿չͷĶ飺չͷǳпλ𣿡
ĪׯɶĲУûЩ˳ڵ˶óԴ棬ǴһЩһЩǸũҿջġ
չͷͷеģֻжٶҪ͵ģ
ԴҸĪ˸ǣʱǰæӶȻǸļ۸ͣҲ˳£ǳҲܶЩ
⣬ٰܶɣչͷһ£ЩβУȻ͵´Σչͷ˸ǣҲУĪȷĵ
ԣϴţӣչͷһ£ӲµģЩСģ
ӣֻѼɱõģ𣿡չͷֵ
ĪȻģյмģչͷҲûǮĪ
ѼҪɱչͷͲҪˣҲУǾţ׻·;ЪϢʱֱ߿ϣҳԡ
ٽڣģ˴ģԽãԸǸس֮䣬չͷ˿˵ûʲôͣЪҲʱˣʱȽ٣
ȵһչͷǹȥҲʮ죬ϢǿСɲĪҲ
¶ĪҲûչͷһҲߣԵĪĪ˵һĪʲô˼
ĪѾĪҪĸˣһɨĴʹӣһĳһһСˣƽ͸Īߣ¶ͿС˴ʡԼæ߲



ڶʮ 
ּ֮ľڶʮ»Īһ£¶˵ͦģҪϽ˵һ£ȻͷչͷҪˣ˵ߣ
ĪԪ¸ԼȥĪӣʱøϳ緹һ˾Χӱ˵飬ĪЩʧ
ĪСٿĪһۣȻһһϼҰɣ˵ˣũҿջҲһ£ʡ˵Ķɢˣ
ȥүүǻģĪС˵
ĪˣҲҡͷУҪͯˣǹؼʱ̣ѧϰôæȥԼȥһأ
Ī룬ЩԸҲֻˣĪС˵öԣջȷʵǸһˣ˻ؼҶûԼؼҵĺãĪСٵȻ˷ˣĪ˷Ĳ˰̫ظˣֻǶԼú޵ߵãֱ
ҪǶЩŮĪӻЩԭ򣬿ҲУ̫˷ˡ
ĪСҪѧϰֻȥˣʵĲԸȥĪׯĸ黹ûм
Ī͵һȥɣǶҪѧϰүү
£ĪСٸĪӸͬˡ
ĪˣǻһȥҲһģȥһˣĪԼҹŮأܾûȥᱻ۸ԼϵҲԼ׵ģ᲻ã
ʵûиõѡˣȷʵǣĪͦеģд¶ԷһţȻ˵ׯﻹ˷߲ˣҲڹţҲûʲôˡ
Ī˵ĪӸĪС٣ΪĪøʡ
ĪȴԼԷһţľĪӸĪһȥĪС룬ԴԺ˺ܶд¸ĪСҲԼϵܿϾͦģʿĿԲ뼸٣òҲûʲô
Īȥ˼٣ȻŮ˼ңøŮʰһ·ͳˣǰһֱ۰Ͱ͵ĿĪĲܴȥԼ֪᲻ᱻ۸أһмܲס۸ˣ۸ȥ۸Сô죿
СɣǻˣأС￴Īͦϲģû㶼ɴˣС˵ɸɷֲ壬ôġ
С˵ţĪƷɽ𣿡
ûлξҸҵһˣĪҲ˳˿ϡ
ûˣҶܶ࣬ûˣСЩʧҲơӣԸñȽ˵
Ҳأʱ˵㣡ʣҪ̻ķ壬СһȥǱ߹꣬ڸˣһˣĪС
Ȼû˵⻰Ҳ֪СﲻܹʱȻˣСȥҲǻӭġ
ˣˣͦõģǱôȻԹã˵ҲǵģǮôŸԼʲôҴɶģԼҲУզǼҴˣôԶģǮѹģ
ĪЦˣʲôÿģǱҲһнԺãҲׯˣͦģⲻصڸô˳¶Ҫ֪ôƸˣ
СҲ˵һ˵һл⣬Ͼյ˭Ὺġ
Сڰ֣УҾͲˣͷɶʱȥȥǵõ㶫ȻʣСɣȻǻǻʲôɶҪæģ˵
ʵҲûʲô£ǽǲǲԾŰүү̽ȥǹ֮꣡ǰӿˣүүǲϣĪ˵
СĽҪ˵үүҲǺڶȥˣ漴ŵȰģТ˳ǿϧ̲ϧ˵СͷԼʧˡ
ĪûСĪǵ
˵ŻˣĪæվ̣ˣ
ӴСѾͷ̳ûݣģǲô㣬˶ˣĪصĴ
ĪЦãΪʲôԼһ㶼ûأҪ˶󣬾ͳųô෹ˡ
̣ûݣǳˣĪЦš
զûݣҼҵģҪԲЩĺãأڼ𣿿ʲôҪæģ
ûûξҸҵĪȻظһĿġ



ڶʮ ָ
ּ֮ľڶʮָ۾һ룬¶ĶԣûиĸڣȥĵʹĪӲǳӣҲᱻۣϾĪһ֧ϢľĪˣǾڻȥׯӵģ
ͷһҾͲ꣬ĪҲʲôԱûмڣһСģᱻ˴ǵģ
Ȼûôصģʱ˵лǲܲġ
ô˵ģүү̲ȥ
Īʵ˵ˣָĪˣ˵ȥȻҲһϣףǾĸʺסˣǾǶٺãҲҲãöӡ
Ȼû㣬ڻүүֻҪүүϣǾͲ⡣
үү˵ȥ϶ǲϵģǲ˵һȥǱߣЩõүүȥǱ߰æııѰѹأүү϶ģ
Ī˶ʱ۾һ˵е˵˵Щʲô¶أ
ˣׯӹܵúãũ¿ɲ󶮣Ҳ֪и軧ŪûȻͷһ꣬ûţҲǼõģңһ仰ҪүүֻҪүүϣĶ¶ͷүүҲܸ˵ˣ
Ī̫ллˣ˵ɲôǶ᲻¶û˰ѹôԣҲ֪ûи˺ŪˣûˣһͷҲȷʵǰ
ͷͷǾ㽲Ҫ˽¸үүүү¶¶٣ģ϶ȥǼٵģҲҪȥϾ㲻ȥҲҪТĲǣ
̲סпҪ˵үүһ治ʣ̣漵ʣôöӣӲؼû˼гϢ
Ҳ͸пһ䣺Ǽסඣ̵潲ų춼֪ҪʲôûҪ£
Īͷʵл̣лл㣡Ҫ˵һһأʵܴģϾⶫµĻۣͿԵġ
Ī󾭣֪ôѡүȥУ񲻴ã룬ѸүϣǺҲã룬Ǿϻͷˬүܡ
ûңĪ˵ʣѣүȥǶԵģͷһ꣬ͷ꣬ҪȥҲŹȥֲȥõĽһȥûйûȥȥĵ
̿ˣߵϰ׾ʱѡүҪ˴ǣ֪һӶТ˳ˣԸҪǵȫһЩΪЩëƤͻ˹أȻòʲôò˵ᱻ˵л
Т˳һʱ룬꿪ˣˣѡүȥסӣɢɢģҲҪүү̶ȥסˣүү̡ѡү϶ôˣǶĪӵĸף
żҴʱûðѹŰһߣȥĵĪǲȥ˶ãûȥأȥҪȥˣǾǿСɶᱻ˵л
ĪȻΪȻʱù̺ǣҲпΪʲô̲ԼأȻҲûô¶
үү̾㲻ȥҲҪΣҪȥͲùˣͿѡүȥˣ˵ȻĪ¶ӣĪͣѾͷҲ֪̲ɾҲҪȫˣԼͲˣйãûΪ̣õͷ𣿡
ԸҪȥǾˣ˵
ĪҲǣȻĪӲʿǾҲһֹˣҪȥҲǿԣֹֻԱûнصģϹΣڹ٣
һǼȻˣҲȥռҴߣݷһѸүһ飬ξ͸ˣ겻㣬ҲνǾͰݷþͿԣѡүˣģ̵
ĪֻøǳܶǰǶçײˣһʱڹĵЩˡ
ʱ򣬹ĪԷĪ룬ҲͲˣþûԼĲˣˣ
Цô飺˾ͶԵ㣡
ȻĪҲ̣ǱǸׯأҪ˵ȥҲá



ڶʮ Ƥ
ּ֮ľڶʮƤ˵ģ꿪߹˰˾£ˣķȥׯסһʱ䣬ɴˣҲԿ²һķ羰ʱǸũҿջƹ˵һһŵģǸھˣչͷҲʶؾ߸߱Ƚ϶ࡣ
ĪԴðͷ˵ҲûܾҲûӦ
Īһ϶ڿջ￴˱Ī˵ϲȻȥĪĪֱӸĪӣ˵ȥˣ
ѩأҲȥ𣿡Īʵ
УĪ
ˣȥѡүһ˰ɣĪ˵
һλȻҲչͷǣԼҵģΪƽȣΪصĪҪжȽϷ㣡
ȻĪͰѹ˵ĻĪ˵ˣȻĸЩǸĪӾͦеġ
ĪӸĪĵõǿСɵһӭ֪˶ˡ
СɿֳһЩĪۿ̲ס΢죺ͷľǲԼңѺӸݵģ
Ī
˵ôֻˣǿȻҲ뺢ӣΪǣŮ͹ǲǳʲô¡
ûʲô£ĸģһأרȥǹģƽҲڼТǶϣʵĲ꣬ϲȥǣׯӶԼҵģסĵط󣬻ȥһ棡ĪȻ֪˵ϣ֮ǰˣһΪԼĸģ˵Ͳأ
Īʲô£Լеɣ
˵ˣĪӾƤ̫ˣЩĨӣܹȥʵظЩ
ǿɲĪ⺩ˣ;ܾˣסͦõģɶҪȥǹ꣡ӣ֪һƬТģ¶ͱˣȻǲ꣬ȥͦõģ
СҲӣҲһ̯¶̲أҪˣɲУ
ĪӼѾ͵ǲȻɣĸ꣬ʲôʱпˣס죬һֱǶϣ˵ϳʱûˣģ
ǿûѻ˵ʱ˵ɣ
ĪҲˣ֪ӾţĸҪͷũҿջƹ˵һͿԣһźõģ
νİźãǴչͷĳʱչͷǿǹ
УǿӦˬ졣
һܿȥ･Īһ죬ĪӸŴʲô죬˳ȥ棡
һӾ͵ϣĪӳ˷ŸĪȥģ뿪ʱСһĶĪӣⲻףҪ˺ԼǮҪǵĶ˵ܹ󣡿ɱͣҲȱǶֻҪӹˣǶТ˳
ʲôҪģ͸Ͻ˵ҴţҲʲôӣǱ߹ĲãҲӲţûͻǴҪݲǣռҴ廹ǿԵģ
С⻰ǿһ£Ϲ˵ɶأʹôϢĶǱأ
СһҲǣĻ֮м˳ŵģ
ôСҽ߻ˣɶܵģ͵
һð˭ҵʲôȥ׼
ȥñǣ˵ڼһжáɫˣСɵۿû˿֮ǰĪ˵ģôûôԶҲûôʱûܲͷһ⣬⻹ױ۸ܲ𣿼ʹ˼˵ܺãԼۿ̤ʵ
Ī˵øˣҲ̲סۿһѣ
㿴˵ɶӶҪˣкɶǿԼСһ£СɰĪˣǿԼȴҲۿ
ĪҲЩĸȥҵʱǾһȥǹɣüǣܿĵģ
ǿڰ֣ӣ¶ͱ˵ˣҲĸϹأʵû£ǸϽ߰ɣʲô»ͷ˵
Īȴ֣ĸǻû˵ʲôֱǿˣˣǸϽ߰ɣɫôˣ·ϸòȫˣ˵ţĪһѣѸŮˡ
ǽҪȥʲôŮ˵죡ŮĪҵӱѹˣαΪôõĲʹأǿ˵ʲôͬ⣬СЩĶѹ



ʮ
ּ֮ľʮĪ֪ԼȻƽǲʱҲǺִܹģֻܲ˵ʲôĪţ컹ʲôʱ򣬾ĸǣ
ϣĪӸĪֱסũҿջջһ꾭ӪĲʱˣҲԽԽˣҶϰ˲ӣֱũҿջЪˣԵҲסҲͦõģ۸ȻеĶƫ󣬿ɱĵطҲûа
Խƽһ۵֧ڶʮĿǰΪֹѾٶˣɼ൱ġ
Ȼ΢ҲӪĲܺõִ΢õѧĪڵʱûʲôһЩǶģǷظǲ뷹ˣȻҪִ
˵ĪҶߵũֱӸĪķˣոԺʳֱӽũҿջߡ
мҲʲôΪĶҪǩֵģĪķ˵ĪˣĪ˵
ĪȴûôЪϢŸĪ峤ԹĪ峤͹ĪӣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô£
Ī峤ʵǹӡˢ£˵ӡˢܿǴũʱ̶ܶ룬ȻĪҴͰصϣҲ𽥷ũʱͶǲٵġ
Ī峤Ҫ˶ˣΪȷʵˡ
ڶϣĪԣȥռҴ壬Сɸ׼ĶЩɲ٣ԵõģʲôУȫҶǵˡ
Щģżųسǣ
ĪͦɵģسſײˣӣĪȽۼ⣬ĪǣЩţ
ĪһתͷҲЩϲȥ
ⲻֿҾȻȥɨӣĪ˵ڳסϰߣǰҲ⣡
أǸʲôôˣĪʡ
ι˼ң㻹߲ˣҪߣǾԼˣϵĳӼĪڸ˺ѣҲЩͷˡ
ĪûشĪӾĪˣǲˣ
ĪĪһۣǵͼˣʵǲ˼Ҳˣ
ǾˣǮҲֻĪ˳糵ҲûǮȻĪߣҲռˣ
ĪָĪӽˣĪӣӣ㻹û˵ǻʲôأ
ģȥǵģĪʵĴ
ĪЩšüӣǸ˵𣿵ͲȥˣȻǱæͲˣٻҲһģͯǺҪģûϣԱõĶҲˣ
֪Т˳Т˳Ҳʱⶼɶʱˣ͹ЩǺúõĶ飬ùӹúˣͿˣТ˳Ҳһʱ⺢ӣᣬô˵ֲĪȴ
ĪӺЦˣô˵ģҲΪТ˳ʵǽ겻ǵһȥĸǱ𣿺ö¶ŵܲܰȥ
ɶÿģﲻǶ˵һͦõ𣿻ׯӣֻҪڣôǵӾбϣĪȻĪ򷿵Ϊͬ
Ҷũ²һŪأͽ꣬Ҳ֪ûбŪȥһ£ʵǲĪӾһ㣬ͷȥ˵Ҳ֪˵ģԵӲ
Īֲɵӣ֪ܲĪӵ˼
Ī廰үүҵû˵ٻɲ֪ׯеĿɵˣһʼ˵ɶеʱҲָˣǵׯڣҲ֪ЩׯôֵģûкŪǣ˵յģҲɲ֪ǻȥʱɶġ
ĪͻɫĸĪɶȻֽЩׯôȥʱж࣡
ĪˣȻŲģĪӣСӣôôһ᣿ǲǵɵӺŪ𣿾ϹТĸʲô֪ϲǣôǴɵӣϵûãﲻæǲǣ
Ī⻰ЩˣҲˣĪ¡
ĪȻûģĪָæûаôأⲻǲŲ𣿡
֪ͣģ㵹ǰĵ¶ư͹ΪǣզأǾǾˣܲˣǰɣŪ˵õģܲӲĸ𣿡˵ţĪָĪ¡
ȻĪ˵ĪߵĴ£ĪӿԼҹŮһۣ˰С¶ڳ˵ϵû
ĪͶϵһǸ񣺡Ϊүүȥǣ¾ͱ°ɣǴϣģŮۣ
Īӣ
ۿĪƢûˣĪæ԰ⲻȻ˵ȥǱ߸ҿѰѹأʲô׵ĵطĲܵĵطҲ֪Ҷũ¶Ĳ࣬˺ŪǲǺ
ǰүүȥǰѰѹذɣҲһׯɶӣĪ˵
ĪˬˣȥȥܼҺӣˣӸͷԵģ»ٸϹ˵Ӳ㣡ʹˣô㶼ӵĶӣҺŪӣӴ㣡
Ī治֪ĪʵҲЩûڣҲǣ϶һֱֲǲ֪ôôһӶȥأⲻΪһõľˣңȻׯ۸ˣҲû˭ˣ
Īǽһ
ĪǲʰˣϵĶҪʰһ£Ī߶أȻǱôѣôӶǶҪǮӹҪǮǲɵӹǮٶˣ
Īӣŭϵ˿ǲð
ĪӻҸջסȻչͷ˵һģҪ·ˡ
ˣͣ°ɣȥʰĪ˵ϲȥˣܼϹզϴûˣٱӶģڶ̹Ӷǿģ㻹û
˵ɽھǱ𣿲еĻҲҪ̽һʲôʱߣʱҺøһϣ
Ī룬оǲΪͼʡ£ˣͷҪ벻鷳ˣ
ĪһֱڣȻģĪԼһǰͷأûѹסˡ
ôˣСЩȵĿȥĪϸӻؼˣ
е¾ͻˣĪҲû˵̧žԼķȥ
סСԺʵ㣬俴ƶ࣬ʵֺСԺҲСûˮҪˮҪȥԶĵط
ӣʰʰǽ겻ˣĪһݾ͵
ϻûüԼͷôֻˣ⻰ҵģôˣ㲻ǻؼȥôֻˣ꣬ȥ
Ī϶ȥǹĥⱲҲûȥǣ϶ĸȥȥ
ôȥˣԭ˵ȥ϶𣿡˵ЩίТ˳ȥǣʱȥ˭֪Լͷϣ˵ʲôԼңôͲˣ
ĪûĵТ˳ңسˣĥһ£ǽȥǱ߹꣡
Ϸǳ⣺аզУ϶ˣզûأʱ˵ԼҲӣԼӿɳϢˣǱׯӣҪϹȥأ
ȥھɶʱˣŵ㣬ʰŶʱҸϴ˵һĪȻ˵ҶˣͲˣʡ˭Σ
Īӻصɽھ֣˵ҲɣɽھĪˣչͷ͵ĪҪأǳӶߣ֪ôˣ
߿ʱߣǰɣУˣʱˣ鷳չͷǶɣĪԼҹŮԼҹŮί
ĪԼҲִֿ󣬾˼ҽȥҲܺܿģչͷһʱЩӦֱֱ˵
ĪЦЦûµģһһЩӼ˲ٵĶˣ
ŶãչͷӦˡ
ĪȥĪ˵Ī˵Ժ͵ͷĪʲôĪ˵ҪĪȥ¥ԷֱѵˣǸظҳԣȻϣĪϾ·ڵǣ
Ī治֪ĪҪһʵνĪһģǲϲֲԭûи飡
ҾӵĳɣĪĪǵΪ±˵ɣűȽƽĪ϶˼ˣ
ίˣĪ룬Щʧ󣬳ӵԼ̹ĸԼȥǣ˵ȥ·;ҲȷʵϵĻĪӻһЩĪΪչӣĪӻ᲻Īίˡ



ʮһ 
ּ֮ľʮһ³ĪЦЦɶһСأүүҲ׻ҪȥôԶĵط
ʱĪںûлҲȵģĪĪں˵ںҸҪȥˣһӻɣ
ŶðĪںͷЩܣҲ˽챾Ӧûؼôֻġ
ĪĪںӣ̾תͷԶѾСϵСϣҸͲˣԼһ£Ҫ˭ȥɨиǰǴɨ
ǲؼˣҪȥСЩ졣
϶Ҹȥ룬Ҳóʱ߿Ī
СϾ߼˵ͨҪȥǣȻǲᷴԵģֻҲûŹʱ򰡣캮ضģ
캮ضҲڣأ˵ˣӼĻЩ޷֪զģžůͣʡҪǷĪӻĪҴ׼ȴֻĪϣĪϵĪĪϵ
ˣ˼ûУ
ұҲģȥʱ·϶ǣ룬Ҳ϶ȥһˣʶһ¸ǣ˵Խǹ꣬Խ֣Ī˵Ҹȥߣʶʶ
С˸Ӿˣܻˣ漴ʶԼҸԷǶ׵ģѹûţ
Сû˵ʲôʣʲôҪ׼𣿣ĻȻͰҪǸСɣǰæɨһ£
ĪͷУͱˡ
СϲЩĽĪϵĺҪ˵ĪҲûʲô󲻹ֵ֮ЩëƤˣĪӵТ˳С϶òͬģиĪöã
үүôֻˣĪ˽ʵ
СϾͰѻһ˵Īɫʱүүֻж壬ǶٺãТ˳ֻжõģ캮ضģ·϶ƫүүҪȥׯʲô˲𣿿ҶĹεӣ֪ԺˣǮһ£Ķүүģָүүæأ
СҲûָĪᣬֻǵ˵ˣǱϾүүǲ˼ֻ˵㲻Т˳
СﲻҲΪ
ĪӸĪһϾֱסڿջڶϳ緹ĴĪȥĪϡ
ڸɽھֻҪߵʱֳ˲ӣҲǱģĪĪȥһĪ˿ô
ĪЦ˵ûʲô֮ǰԤһײ
ĪôúƵģ֪չͷ죬ɨһۣĪĪһۣˣǾ
˰ɣҲ˰˵˵ģĪӵ
ĪĿһɣ˵ʲô˵ãûֲǳˣŪأǮûǰɣˣûӲȥˣ
ãããˣĪûޡ
ĪֻȥչͷⲻǣʾǮո
չͷһ֣Īû£ʲôû飬ͳˣ
ɣĪ˵
Īˣǣطôʡǵ
ȻǸųߣĪӵҲ˸ϣĸ˻ͦ
һ·ۣĪ̲ס棬̲סĪӵӣŻͦģоƽƵģɽھֵ𣿡
Լҵģװ˵СأԲƽȣĪ˵ţԴĪһۡ
Ī۹۱ǱǹģʵǼɣʱûһĪҪʱҲǷһУϡƫƫĪҪ󾫸ģȻûеģȻǴĪ˼ķһŴġ
ĪȻˣû˵棺ҵģ˵ȣܵ÷ɿģȣҲůͣ͸û磡ԼҵǲһҲûÿǽһ
һ·ۣʱũҿջҪЪųԷĪҪȥķһ£ĪӱҪ͵ģĪһֱţ󷿵¶ͱմˡ
ΪҪ·ũҿջͣãݾ͸Ǳˡ
Īæ׼Щ·ϴŵĳʳ⽣ӣһЩЩͶˣϿһܳˣȻˮѼ׼ֻһЩк˵ˣͷʱãϲ֪᲻¶Ӫչͷ˼û׼



ʮ ߵ
Ȼˮ׼һЩҲ׼ЩֱбرЯ״棬û𿾺ֺóԡ
ҲоģĪ뵽ģ׼ģľ⣬Ժܶ··˾ͻһЩߣũҿջˣ˺ü֣۸ͬҪʲôõģŪĺܷЯģֱľװãȻֻҪϾͿˣԵá
·ģǾͰʽģÿ͵
ֻĪҪĸȫеҪʯʲôĶУȫΪ¶Ӫ׼ġ
Īھֵ˶ԵĲˣĪԵЩĪôߵģ·ԵʲôĪӲͬ⣬һȥչͷ˵Ǹһϲˣ
Ī룬ҲͲˣԾͳˡ
ϣ㷹ʱ䣬ȥ˹䣬ĪǲãҸղųȥ£֪ôУȥˣڴҶأҳˣǾߣҪȥǾͲˣҲд󷿵Կףõûط˯
ģֻܴͷգϵҫõ㣬ĵﵽ棬ĪҴҲأ⸽ҲǿԵġ
Ȼһ߾ôˣһ˵ĪӲҪȥǹ꣬ͺĽ
ֵϴ󣬻Ҫǫ飺ʵҲȥҸͷӶ˵ȥˣ˵ȥˣǶӾͲϣⲻ캮ضӲسǽǣⲻҲһˣǾȥɣ
ȻֿʼĽиöˣֳϢТ˳ܴȥ
ϻҫء
ӣӣȥˣˣĪȻ
һæӦˣˣ
ȻҴҵĶԴҵˣϽǣ˵˰Ҹˣ⻹Ҫ·أ
ε·;ǿģʸάֲ˶ãĪǵٶ࣬ˮ˯
ʵ˵˯ſϣĪޣбرˣмһŹ̶ӣȻ滹мۿԹ̶ı߸ۣȻжƵıӣԿ棬ûʲôӰ죬ȻмλһİۣΧľͷϣԷľ̿ϻ𣬰۱ĸ㣬ĸ̶Сģ̹ӵģһˮһ࣬ǳʲôģȻһ߸˿˿ֻſԷڰϹ̶ȻͿԿ
ĻŪĶζˣ
ĳǿƿģʱãƿգ廹ģЩж̶סҪ԰ѳ̯ƽţͱһ峵ˣ˿棬棬ǴʱڣգߣǶô鰡
ΪʲôôůĪݳ޵ƤӸɵģᱡֱůҲܹˣҲĪĳôɣ
һᱡů͸⣡
ȻǵµӣҲǼװɳ˵ģȻôƽô
֣ǶǾӹģ֪ģʱû𽺣Ī˺ְܶ취뵽ľȰѳִĥִ𽺳ֵģȻˢϺͩͣԺͩͷˣʵЩƣֵ񻨴ͼõ֣Ϳϣĳ־Щ΢ĵԣóߵĿҲƽԣ
жòŵϸоԼˣԹĪӣӣ˵Ҹ˵ˣˣˣҪܹȥ˵Ҫɣͺǲ㣬ͷָԹˣ
㿴ңΪ˲ǵТģˣϱԹš
Īӻû˵Īѵ⣺죬Ҫ治ھȥ
ЩίĿĪҵģҲû˵㿴㣬ҲҲǱԹһ䣬Ҳû˵ɶܺҸɶ֪ܾҶ϶ã϶ҲҵĺӣôأһҵĺӣǴϵ⣡ҲܺҰɣ
ĪЩΣʶæʵҲû˵
ȻĪͶĪӿˣ죡˵ķݶΪɶ㿴㣿ߵģҪƵһТԣԱΪӲ˵㣬ûΣδˣ̫ʵˣ̫ˣܾ˵ɶԣɶԣҲҪ߻ˣڵô죿

ʮ ܽ
ּ֮ľʮ¹̵ܽҪƫģ˵㲻Ǹ¶ﶼˣûöûôأ㻹أͻԽԽ㵱£
Īӣ⣬ѵ˳ԼҲ
Īͷˣ
ĪĪкãȻˣǲ˵ʲô
ĪתתˮĪһˮڵĵүү˵˰ɣȿˮɣ
Īû˵ɶĪĪܲĪǱ̨ʣĪΣŮ
Ī
һʱĪҲĪ˳ۣɶֺÿǲܲã
£ĪæŻţСûʲô˼ģ
ߣ͹߰ɣ㣬ŮίԼŮ޷ˣ˵˵㰡Īֺ
ĪӺЦЦ˵ôأʵҲûίԼأ˵ˣҲ˵һл
⻰ү̹ûôˣɻǺĪһۣˣ
ûУҪеţǰҿţҲܻôòǣеĺӣĪ
Ī̲סЦ£ƿĪӴչԴٴۣɵû˵ȥ
ĪʵҲźģĪǸС꣬ܶ鶼ģܶ飬ҪһŮԺǰ;϶
ڶļŮǺõģ
ĪӺЦţҲû£
һҲίˣֻԼ⣺ƫģоү˵Ҳ̫˰ɣŶТ˳۸أ
ֻԼûз֣ĻС㣬û۸ӵĻǲ˵
Īһۣ
һʱ䣬ϵЩˡ
滹Īƽүү̣ʵҲˣ·̣Ҫ˰Ǿܵˣ
Ȼδʱ̾͵ĪׯĪӽӹԼϡ
ǵׯ𣿿ɣϲ̾һ£ׯӵΧǽΧϸ߲˵שʯͷģȻ滹ϸϸļ̣
Īˣ׹ƽæš
չͷҪЪһٽǰɣʱ磡Ī
չͷܾˣлĪǾͲȥˣ´ΰɣʱٹЩҪ͹ȥң
ĪҲ֪Ҳֻǿһ£ûˣ
ߣ׹ƽѾ˰æѶýȥˣһشĶɲ٣ũҿջյĸɽ䣡
߰ɣĪкĪӣĪӦˣ͸סһ𣬻뵥סҲУ߻Ժأ
ϴӽ۾ῴˣоһ·ֵ̫ˣׯӿ󣬶쿴ͷˣҶӵׯӣﲻţ
ˣѾ׼ˣǳ緹𣿿ҪԵʲôæӭӡ
緹ûأȻȥ⽰ɣĪʲôڶģҪ嵭ģ𣿡
УУæǰգ˲ٴϺһЩʣ¶ˣ
ȻĪǣҪʲô𣿡
ĪǾ⽰ɣϺ⽰ԶûԹ
ÿˮҪˣһģ·ǺϡӣķԸãǾ⽰ɣСѾͷһˣ
þȥԸˡ
ĪĪȻطźãĪĪӣأ
С١СܡС⼸ҪϿΣҪ˲ܻĪʱ䣬
ʫӨСǳȥˣ
ˣƲ죺ӣ˵㣬Ǹʲôѵĺӵզ£˵Ǽôõ㲻ֵֶܸǣǸ첲գ˼ҵĺˣ
ҪӣզͶĪһѽϵĻûˡ
ĪԼܲܿһƣܱܲôƫģȻܲе֪֮ӣ
Īû취ˣҲúõĸ˵Ҳǰһӣ˵Щŵģӵ飬ٲ
ɹܶˣԼҲϻίִӲ
ĪֱӵûĪȻϻЦǲ
ĪϹ֣ɶǳȥɣҸ˵Ъһ⽺ˣǣ
ĪûЩԼȻƵĻУҲȲִļƽҲûƽȣĪ˵ǻεúܣҲҪЪЪ



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮ¸ĪĪʫӨôʹӹȥˣԼĪĵһҪС֪𣿡
ĪЩ죺⻰ô˵ģΪʲôҪСϣ
㣬ղţʵҲǣҾǵ̻СĪֹͰ͵ģǲϰ˵ĸ׵ĻȻʲôҶ֪ˣ
Ī΢֪ˣЦǲ˵ʲôˣҲ̣ÿεƤûأ͸ҷˣ
Ҿүү˵öԣߵģǵǿӲһ㣬ҲĪ˵
Īˣû˵ĪʲôֻԴ֪кܶ಻ǣԺ˵ֻܵ˵棬֪˽˵˵ͺã
Īͷ֪ĵҲ͵˵˵
ĪʵǺĪӣڻԹ𣿡
ĪεĿһĪŭð㵨ԽˣȻҰˣ
Īһ㶼ĪӣɶðԵģֻǾõ̫Т˳ЩʵʵίģʵĪӣϻ𣿻û
ĪӼĪһִţʲôȴǲ̵Ůθڣ̱ϾǵҲѵˣҶǲʲôˣˣҲԹңǺͿģ˵ǹ⣬Ҳ˵ǹģͺ˵һ
ĪȻǷˣ
ûһþ溰ˣĪȥ˳ĪȥĪϣҲ֪ǲǱˣϳʱɫǺܺÿȴû˵ʲô
ĪʫӨһЦ
ϺȷʵǺóԣ⽸ͷϺͷɲСȥͷҲСϺһǲԣϺ⽹ϺʿɲóԣҪ˵ģ
Ϻζóˣ
ҶԵδģĪΪԼһ͹ˣȥݵģûסֳһ룡
ҲһЩΪϺѾûˣȫȥˡ
ΪĪ嵭ģҲʲôֱϲ˸Ϻжˣ
ĪϳԵͷȥˣ
ĪӱȥĪСǽлģĪɲֹˣְĪӳһ١
ڶϣĪȲĸĪӵˣׯķӣĪҵԺӣׯ԰һ飬˼ῴѼᣬȻԪĽܣĪͷͦġ
Ԫ뿪ˣĪָĪһƣСӣӻûأŪӣ˵ʲôũ¶ô̯ӲȴǴЦ
ĪԵ߱ȲĪӺЦţڹܣʵҶܵģ˵רԺ飡
ĪҲͷ˭ܶɣֻҪܹܺˣ
ĪĪͳһũ³̣ЩȤġ
Ǿ˻˼ңôĻĶذɲʮĶأ˻˼һʲô󻧣ĪЩ˼飡
ĪӵͷǰЩׯͦľˣ
ĪũһɲôʲôҿɶǽˮģΪʲô۶
Щ΢Ľļ׹ߣĪӵ֪һһĸĪͣĪ档
ȻֿˮǷ߲ˣȻֻЩĶҲ˲ˣ
ԺĪĪӵǿϧˣСѾͷôͲкأȻԺ϶ҪгϢģЩİɣôʲôĶر𻪹ģҲһΣɾûһǼҵƽȣʲô
ĪҲýĪԼҹŮŮӣæô˵ֻҪгϢ˭ܺŮ⿴ŮˣЩ¶Ҳ˼϶ˣ
ˣ֪㱦ĹŮҲû˵ɶôŻţĪȻһƿĪˡ
ĪӻΪĪأæȥ˭֪ĪȥСѧţĪ;վ濴Ī̬ŵĸǽΡ
ĪҶӣææ׷ĪӣĪпɵɵϴư죬ȴ϶ãˣһӾͿˣȻɣĺӸܶ£Ҫǲ˵˭ܿĪĪʫӨǴﳤĺӣ



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮǵĪСǻʱүĸпԽ̣ɶӣǽһһ˲ŰĪС٣Ѿзѹӵĸоˣǫѷ
ĪôҲһĪϻõó֣ҲȲĪС١
ⶼǺ󻰣˵ڵĪ˿ΣĪĪʹƵ飬Ȼо
ĪׯתһȦԪ㱨Щϳɾү֪ܲĪǹˣӵģȻҲ˵ĪֺŪҲˣ
ׯϵĪҲԼ岻֣ǸȤׯЩͬ˵ĶĪƶǸƣ
ĪҪүָԽȻƸũԹˣĪԼˣվԼҵĽǶȿǵĸȫһЩǷҪʲôȱ©ûУ
ΪĪǽͣĪׯӵԼԼׯɶ֮ģĪܳ˽⡣
Ī˲ٵëһЩϸ֦ĩڵģЩ˲˼˵Ҳ˵һָ¡
ĪһһȻᣬĪȷϣͳհ棡
ĪæʱĪԺӵϷˣ֪ĪҾȻĸˣȻûһǵźĳ˵ģĪӵСˣϻǺܲƽ⣡
ԣŶȣŹӣԺָָǸģֳΪ˵磬ҲԹص
ǲ֪¶ʵ̫ˣûҰһֱ˾ҪȫҵĻһǻ˺öģǿ϶Ҫﾡð಻㣡
ǣһˮ˾ˣҪģһҪոպòģֲ̫ģ
ɨҪһȾǶлҳȻ´ɨ
ȵȣ飡
ԺӣȥׯҲͦģϵɶģʱôţϾҵϷˣׯĸûɫĸҲ𾴣
ǣׯȻˣׯ̫̫˵Ȼϰʲô˵ʲôˣϻһԽеӣָʹ
ȻˣĪģ֪һ㣬Ȼûи״ڼڣô֪ܲ
Ψһҵ˲ˣ
ò֪ϲǲĪѾˣٸϹڣ۸ڶϱϼң
ϼʶߵɣôþô뿪ȻֻܴӦˡ
ȥׯõǲ֪Ī֪һԪ飬Ƿ߲ҪǰʣµԼҳԣ·ǱҲѾҺˣ
߲ⷴ˵ĪûвҴţׯҲˣֻûĪҵĶ࣬Ҳǲַ˭֪ܳɣ
ڱ˼Ӿ͸ĪˣĪﶼʲôë
ĪԪԪ֧֧ᣬϾҵĸףô죿
Ī֪ˣҲԪ˵ˣڶĪֹɫİĪ˹
Ȼ˵ٴ꣬ĪҲƣҲˣвҲвˣԲģô죿
ĪвҪȥϾ͸᲻ˣ̫Ͳ·ҪԼˣĶ˴ͣҪɶɶȳɶܵˣǸǽһãĹĶã
ǰĹģϵģ϶󣬲𣿺öˣкգܲó
ȥأɶҪԼɣҪŴũɶġ
һգĪС١ĪСܡĪСݻˣϾòЩϡģ§ĸζĽţ
ȫȻûѾͬũӵʣ׵ĶֱӸƻˣ
ȻˣɲĪҶˣĪҶҲ֪Լ˻ģԼͨũûɶ
ȻĪˣԼһ˲ŵأͦվӣܿԺ϶гϢҲ
ôһõĻøӸƻˣ˲䣬Īܲ
ӻˣɱɱѼдȻڸǳԵҲԣʱв͹ȥտ϶ģһûмҵĸоڡ
ԽСһǳԵĿɻʵˡ
ΪȫҶڣĪĪӣһӳȥˣȥǿ֣֣԰ӣ
ѧԺһ԰ӣվͻῪţѧӲιۣҲʫԣиҲʢҲȥһ䣡



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮ̲ô˵ҲǿˣȻдˣ
ȫҳȻǼ򵥵飬ԱҪ䱸ˣҪһЩأ˵˭˭֣˻չţ߶˵ȵȵģ
ڸһ죬ˣϷĪ϶ͦĵġ
Ҳû˵ʲôĻʹĪҶ
ʵϣĪҶҲֵطҲǵһΣƽҶæ˭йЩ
һĺܿ죬ڶĪСӰĪҪȥˣĪϾͽĪˡ
Ī룬涨г̰ţȥ֣·ΣȥҲݰݣ
ȥ֮ǰĪҲŻϣǽϣͨ˵ĸҴ壬ǼʲôأһשǶܴһ٣Ǽйٵˣ
֮⣬ȥֵʱֺģʱ˲ǵˣͷǻǼҿɾһˣûʲôտң˵иĶһǵ
ܲŵɵƽ￴ҪһЦ˵Ǵò˵ĹˣڻиĹ٣
ŵϲ˵ȥˣ˵ǱߵʢϾ;ȥܰһˣôҲҪϴһĴ汣һ£һϽоˣһϽͯĴӻ¸оˣ
ʱ̫ӵǰԸ̫ӵ£ѻʳﶪʧش̫ӵ²׷СѴ̣ʵʳѰ˷л̫ϢСԸ̫չ
̫ӵҡҡͷѾ˵ˣǼ²㣬Ҷร󣡴˷ҶũĺܺãǻũҽҶչ˵ĺܺãɹţǱӵ˵֪ͽǷǣ
Ǻ뽫ģ̫ӵ˵Ҳչ˺û̫ҲͰˣǲܣֺ˻̫
һʱЩ֪ôˣϹȻ̫ӵ˵ͱȥˣõǱϺȣ
ˣǺܸɵģֻǴ·ͬСɣˣɣ̫ӵµе̣
Ϲæ£򲻿˵к£뾡ܷԸ
ɫˣЩⲻʺԼ룬Ǻʣ̫ӵȻûȻʺԼ
̫ӵҡҡͷʵҲûʲôǹЩڶǱʢǴ˷ʹߵĵùЩѾӵϢʹᣡǶӹǱߵԽǿ󣡡
ȥʹᣬһݲͬڶӣýύôԵûƣ˵Σһⷬʹòףܾ÷Ұģ˵þ뻧
ڶӵʵʵЩ
̫ӵ£಻ͬȥ֮ͬ˽ύЩңϽΪأ˵ƣŹ£Ǳߵϰ׸಻ͬһˬܷˣ˵¶¶ǶҲʲô񣬾˵Ǳߵ˷׺ܻңʵụ̂Զԣ˹һ㣬˹ȴһֱҰģǴţ˴̣Сȴϣ˵ʱȴ£Цģ·ûзһǸػأĹͬҰϽ£
ϹһһصļңȻָ̫ӵµЩʹύС̫ӵ£΢֪żʵ΢ȴˣ
ˣϣ΢˵治ģȻ΢ɲʲôˣ̫ӵֻҪȣѹؼĶץסˣζôж޼£ϵʲôҪ
΢˵һ䷸ɻĻѾбȨ浽Σʱ̣Ȩ˶˵Ͽĳιʢʱ벻ߵศɣҪ¿ʵΣֻҪʧʥģ̫ӣ˳δӣӽύĶĳĳȻιһɱˣֻҪҲߵǷǣ
ʵ˵ˣϹ˼ܼ򵥣̫ҪץץҪģҪץסˣҪǶģûбȨûҪ췴һ˭ɱ˭أ
̫ӵǻǻָģʣڻϵϣϼڱҲ̫ӵ½ã
ʺǹŴѧʿãҲϹ˹ǹŴѧʿʺĹùãôĹϵ˵̫ӵ˭ţ


ʮ ҵ
ּ֮ľʮҵҲǻ֪ľˡ
ʵ̫ӵµλأǶʲôʿʲôǫѷ񰡣ǶģûʥϵʥģҲûбȨQԽ˵Խ죡
Ȼˣ̫ӵûнᵳӪ˽һûбҪһΪ˶˷Ը壬ûʲôС˼ҲĽûܹʲôĥѣնû̹
̫ӵ±ʵ̫ӵҲһ֮Ӧеķ緶Ϊ̫֮λ̫ˣҲ̫˳ûʲôΣ̫ӵ¶ԼʵܻЩֵ飬֪ڻʼҿɲʲôֵ꣡
ڶĻ£ͺһѣĴӸ㶪ˣˣǰ˸̫˵̫Ӱģ
̫Ӳţ˾䣬Ǽֵ֮ϵǢֺ
Լ˸ͷԺ̫ӵ²ҲҪˣΪʲôһ̫ﻹ֪ˣ̫ӵ¶ΪʵҲ̫ζˣŻѻ̫㶪ˡ
̫һ̫Ҳһͱݣ˭̫ܵģֻδļ̳˲̫ܵ
΢ŶӵĽύ΢뷨ǶʵԽҲԽϹ̫ӵ£粻̫ӵ£ǵȥ֮𣿡
̫ӵµͷ¼ǵãץ˲ˣȻûйǶʵģ²ųбˣ
ȥ걾ȥģҪ쵱ȴкȻ˭µҩȴûҳ
˲ľͱҩˣǶԷҪɱ̫ӵ£Ҳף
ҲΪʲôҵ˻̫̫ӵ²ûнӻ뷨ԭ
ͬŭľԵȥ죬ЩֶΣ
ԣȻûв˭ģǵº⵽ѵ𣿡Ϲʡ
̫ӵµǲΪǰ²𣿡
⻰˵̫ӵıǰԵ̫Щ
ϹȻûЦˣʵļ̳Ҳһ£ܹܺһңһҵĺ÷ЧģϾܴųʲôģΪʲôˣͻϲʲôĳӣҲŬϲķ£ܵõǨ
ϹȻǣȻʥҲɣˣº׽ӵĹԱ⵽ѵ⣬ְͣ죬ϻģֲô
Ȼ˵Ǹֺ̫ӵˣȴ̫ӵ²Ƕӵˣʱ̫ӵֻҪڻǰ˵ϼǶǵĻȻˣ˲Ժ˻Ź
̫ӵ»ЩȻ·ĴһǴ۽磬Ϲ񣺡⣬𣿡ԭŹ
ϹεЦЦ̫ӵ£ʲôõģԷûֻûҵѣ˾ӣ֪ЩСж˶һõǹֶΣ̫Ҳ⵽ˣԶСоҲӦСֶΣ£ֶβֺûֻõˣҪû֮ˣ֮£ȴҲ󣡡
̫ӵ˼ʵô˵ûģԷȷʵдֻ֪û֤ݣֻƾ֤£ЩСȷʵֻ׷ĪĶӾǸʹĽѵ
֪ˣԼǣ̫ӵµͷˡ
Ϲ΢öԽ࣬ҲԽ࣡ȵ϶Զûˣ϶ʰģô˵ҲǻϵĶӣ֪治ɲһ̣ĵһ̣ûһ˭ģ
Ҳ׵ģָ׵飬Ƕ˿ϧˡ
¶ˣһԣܽˣ̫ӵ¶Ϲ΢΢ס
̫ӵ£΢ǵһ⣡ȨӲĿŵĲ֣ƺЩʿ⽭ʿееֶΪ죬Ҳû·΢úǲסϹ˵
̫ȻİĿд£֪ˣ»ʽ飬ˣ
һ仰Ͷ˻
̫ӵϹ񣺡ӣ»һҪ̣
̲ҵ̫ӵ˵Ϲֵ
ǹµĺũҲ֪Ϊ̫˵ҪС̵ѬգдĽ̵ֽǺũũѧʶɡ̫ӵȻЩǳ
£ũǺ˼ңϹһ£ʵ
ǸˣԵɺϾ˹µĺµĺδʲô࣬ׯª̫ӵµ
ˣϹϢûʲôص㣺ҾΣ



ʮ Ե
ã֮ǰʲôӡˢģЩ˼ûֽ鱾۸½˵һݹͣǼпɣӣŮѩкҲǺܴϻۣƷ
Ҫ˵̫ľ㣬ƷãҲܰѺӴˣ̫˵ûҪҸطѻ̫
˵Ļ΢Ҳý̫£ɸȥ̵̫д忴ţ̫Ҳصѧҵ⣡
壿̫ʶĴ壬ҡҡͷЩ˶ʣ̫ˣʱ򷴵˻ɣ
Ϲ룬Ҳǣһѡ̫£΢ÿֲĴ壡־ͲעĿģ
ֻǣȷׯ˼ŵù𣿡Ϲʡ
⣿ȥ̽һ̫ЩɣǰڴЩϢЩ˵ѾȥԷϼҲˣӦûϢ
ϹͷǾ͵Ȳ̽˵ѡ
˽̵ʦ»ѧʦ̫ǳԹ˲Ŀ࣬ǵĺҲ
ҪǱ֪̫뷨ҪЦǻӲŶ󣬻ô
ֻ̫ǾԼĻԻ̫ãӵбϣ
Բھᵱ̫᲻Ṧ
æһѧõģߣӾùʿô̫µֻǽʿӴĲ࣬øĶЩûзȣ䷸
̫ҲĽʿӰ̫ĳɳͷҪǳɳʿ粻̫ѧʦأ
ϹȻҲͬ⣺̫£΢˽Ϊ֪ģԷƷжǲҪҽʿĺã
ϼȭǹ²ǿԽ̻̫Ϲܶõĵ
Ҳǰ¶ǻʼҵģδӻҴţǲ̫Ҫ濴ˣûãҪǿϣҲûã
ǼȻˣӰæһ۵ĺ֣ʱһȥ̫µ
̸ЩģŽԻ
̫¹ϹʱɫЩˡ
̫£ǣαʲô֮Ϲʡ
̫Ϲ񣺡أһ˵ɣ
ûһҲˣ̫£ǧǧ꣬ǧǧ꣡
ƽɣö񣡡̫µȻſʮ¸ϹԼ˵һ˵
ǣˣȻһ˾ð˳ϥڵϡ
ǵǷһһŮһСŮ̫βһׯӣ鷢֣ׯһѧĹϼȭǹ̽Ǹǲ죬ׯȻֹȹ̫ƻȹӣ
⻰ЩĸϹһۣо⻰ģģΪʲôԷȹƵˣȻׯǼҵĹҲֻˡ
Ϊ˲̽ȥׯϼҲ̽Ǵ˺ȷׯиӣһӣʱмƣ̫򱻽Ϊʮ
ϸĲ̽ļӦþɣΪǼǹȭǳϼȭǹʮ˵
ʮ˵̫꣬ӾʧˣЩɵ۵ĸǸµĺһ𱻾ȵģҲԵ֣
ׯƷʧΪһӣȻЩТǲ̫˵Щǰ̽ģ̫ЩĪӵĸİѺӼĪׯ
̫£˵Ӧɵģֻʵ벻ˣЩͷۡ
£̫µЩ㣺˵Ҫڹи뷨㿴ɷʤΣ
̫µ뷨ܼ򵥣ȻĪôãֻԼƵķݻȥ˵ĻɣΪĪѾѼƸķݲĨȥˣȥ˻ɵģһ̫
ʱ̫ɼȥĪׯб̫ʲôµʱǱҲӦ䣡
ȻͲ󣬿ǺܲģҪ̫ġ
ԣȻûƴǣֻ̫£Լһ߾ȫû̫
̫¶ȥ̫ﵱʦˣҲѡϹ񣺡ӣ﹫Σ̫Լġ
Ϲ΢漴һĴȣʵ̫ˣ
˵̫Ĳǲݰ﹫ѡǳã﹫Ҳǵ壬ȻɾϹ֪ļ嶼﹫ѣƷҲѧʶ

ʮ 
﹫Ǹĵ壬ǡ̫ӵ½ھͼ﹫һ棬˵﹫ĻȱС˵޹ʹЩúҪЮõΪÿÿҪѵ⡣
﹫ԸϹҲţԲŻƶ̫ӵµ﹫Ը֪̫ԼľһҪ˵ȥæ̵̫߰˳ɻͬ⣡
̫ӲԼ棬Ҫ棬ҲҪñڻ
˵ѧʦ̫ӵ»û뵽ѡϺ̽Ϣ⣬̫ӵ¾;ûĺӼϼҵȭǹɣȭǿ岻˵ϼȭҲ
ǹսõģԺҪҲǱĹ
ЩĪׯȻһ֪ˣڹĪҴ壬˸Сʱ򣬺Ȼ˵𣺡ǰӼ飬Ӿ˾ˣ뿪ôˣ˵ţ
Сһ;Щԣæ׷ϸڣԷһ˵ţСöЩ֮ǰô˵
ɶ˵ģճǴ̽̽ǸǸϡĲΪûģ˼Ҵǣֲǣ
Сø˵壬ǶԷ֪ʲô˾͸ҸĪɶ˵ȥİ˲ſ£֪˼ģ
˼˵ˣ˵иĪˣͶģѼ˵ģҪ֪ô𣿡˲Ϊ⡣
Сȥһ˵ҲòԣһĴȣǸ͵ģľshi
ССȥũҿջ¶ƹ˵˵ǸϽ˸ȥƽ޹ʵģôǿ϶µİ
ЩĪׯҲ֪
ڸ˼죬ǿģͱϾˣ湻ˣʶˣҲׯﲻȥˣﶼûׯȥ棬Ҫèˣµ˭ׯ̫˭Ҳ
Ȼϲʲô߰ˣǴʵҲû˼ׯﶼǱ˾ŵġ
һӹҲܲסͶôˣô죬ҲҪģ
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ڷ֣ٵźʱĪ콵ֱöƨûǵѲ˶ôɷһܲɵȫֱ꣡
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ǣĪȻԼ϶ʵʵӻ治һĴǷǵı¸һһţ䲻ľҪͱˣ



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ּ֮ľʮһìĪӻЩԥ⣬ⲻðɣżǱߵģҾСƻģҾǱߵģ
ĪԼˣһƸǹȥٵСܼʱи̶ޣ죬꣬ǲ֪֪㶮пһӶ
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ô죿Ӷ˵ˣǲѾͷ˵ʲôԼŰ죡ĪЦ
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ɱԺĪɱֻҲŹʱɱ˳ģѼҲɱ˲١



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ĲˣĪҲޣ̫ˣ̫ˣѡˣ̫ˣȵȣĪҶúܺóԣÿζԵľ⣬ĪǻޣĪҶˡ
ãŷԭԼҹŮɶҲ˵˻˵һǰһרҵģ裬ڣ
ĪĲԺĪҶŷ֣ԭĪ޲ûеģʹǳԲʲô𣬶ֻܷóһЩ
տʼﻹͦģǵһĪҪζԺ󣬳Ҳû˵ʲôˣĳҲһ
ĪҶĪԵĶӹɫˣ˶ǲô֣ĪСٵ˻ؼҳ˷Ժ󣬶ȥϿˣоԺǱ߳Եľʳ
ĪȻĪ̫̫ޣϣһŮӼҼҵĻôޣ̫ˣСĻͷѸûˣ
ǵȳԵĪĶʱĪòϣȻԼŮһ㣬ҲûȷʵǺóһ㣬տʼǿߵģ룬ĪҶڿɲ
ȻϣʱûɳԵʱ㣬˭ûԵ㣡
ϸĪӳԵǽһ棬оһԵⶼû⼸Ķ࣡
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ȻϾ;ԻãǴز˳ԣɼǸûģŲҪأҪ⣬ĳ⣬ţ⣬Щϡ
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ԼȻҪʡһЩˣҲԾͳԵģΪǱߵҲС󰡣Ȳڴ̹Ҳ
Īںԭջ¸سƤû죬Ҳ֪ԼмＸȻ֮ǰһΪˣ뿼أ
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Ҫ˵ĪׯׯǽɶⶼȱԼģɵķݣţûУţԼġ
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ЦӣͲˣһһεĹͺ֮ǰһҪþãǺ淢̻һöǮǮˣˣҲҪǮԵĺˣסĺˣҲˣ
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ʮ ׯӣף֣
ʱ˲ûǣҲǲ֪Ǹ֣ǻ᲻ģܾԼرˣһ̣Լûа취Լ侲ʱȻٶˣʱ򣬾ǿƲˣͷˣƵ٣Ҳ١
Īӻǲ⣺ʲôͶģôôȥģ
ǶĲ˲Ͷ񰡣룬ֻҪѹһǮ˾ʮģϰģȻһʮѹȥһǧģֻҪΣܵõһ궼һЩǮҪʲôֻҪǮѹȥȻſˣ
ƵܶĲĵģӣ㻹ׯ𣿡
ĪӵͷȻҪˣׯʳ࣬磬ĸˣоׯʳ
ƵͷҲ⣬Ϊ뷨ũôҪĲЩôϰߵҲ
˵ˣˣ
ƵУȥɣԷļǼ۸ҲѹһЩ֮ǰһ
ĪӻׯΪ˰ܼҶׯӵ¶̯İܼҶҲ̫ˣо춼Ҫͱˣһ˵ҪѹۣҲЩģ磬û٣ðɣԷҲͦҵģ
ҪĪ϶ҪסĪӣô˵ġ
֪ĪӵӣҲϣЦĪӣӣ˵㣬Ҳ̫ˣȻ˵̯ĶȷʵǿĸҲûεģǵ֪ʱ͸ˣˣҲڵĻ£㿴ſ˼ҼҴҵģ⼸ׯӲλñȽϲǲôģ˼ҲΪ½𵰵ĸһҲ᲻ģ
ĪӸ˵ЩڨڨģҲӦԼô˵Щˡ
磬˵Щӣûб˼Īæ
Ƶͷ֪˵Щûʲô˼ûԸҾǾ̫ˣȻָĪ˵Ҹ˵Էڼأԭ׸½ҲԸׯǶԭ½ҵׯӣڼң˵ɲʲôö½ҳ¶ָҲڼҳ
˵ѹ½ҵԺ׸ͱڼңЩ׸ʲ󲻵ģ˵ׯӣڼԼ½ҵģʮüȻڸǣ̼֮ҿûıڸȦôĵأҲң̫ۣ
кܶǮеأ¥¥ջ鱦εȵȶǮе浱ڼȱǮǻԼأƵ
ҲǷ̣ûĪⱯ֮ģĪӾ̫ˣ̫һЩȴûУ֮ģҲˣƷģֵýύģɲ˷ʲô֮ڱϣİˣǺԵĪӾںԵġ
ĪһҲû֮ģֻУ磬ȥıȥ˶ǣ֮ǰҲ˵Ҫׯţڲô죿
¶ð죬ıڣϱ𣿵ʱȻǽϱȻϱҲһ뵽տıˡ
Ī֣ȻڼôǮʮò𣿡
ÿ϶ãһóĹƲУƵ⣬°ͣ˵Ҳԣм䲻ỹʲô¶ɣһͷȥ̽һ£
ţׯǴ¶ǻǽһЩĺãĪ˵
ǿ϶ģǾôˣȥѴ̽һ£Ƶ
ӣ򼸸ׯӣʡ
ңׯҪʲô۸ˣҾһׯӾͲˣĪ֪֮
Ҳԣտ˵Ƶ
ȥȻûдʲôˣѲ˵ȴи˵Ҫׯӣͷĵɣģ۸Ծѹű˲֪ʱׯӣ϶Ҫ֣ڼҼ֣
Ƶ֪ѺܿɿȻ֪ĻõϢѾܲˣл˶ԷԷڰ֣
ԷҲƣҲ̫õΪǵָҲ򣬵ʱ򲻵õģǨŭ
ЩѰˣʲôкãʲôвãЩˡ
ԷƵ״򼸸ׯӣһ˵ԷЩˣʵôǿ
ƽͣѣңǶũҳģûׯӰǲ̤ʵ
Էˣ㣬ʵҲУֻҪׯӵĻǴׯҲνǼסˣǴׯӣֻСׯӣеȵģǶҲν׼ͲοׯӵҲ̫ҲУǿ˭ʶҵˣʶǣҲν

ʮ 
ȴ֪ˣҵôʶоС񣡶ׯӣҲܺˣ
£еˣܶüþգȻܶ򣬵ׯҲˣ̰ˣҲǣǼ۸͵ʱ֪ˣ˭£
˵ˣҲûУôׯӣûУҪмȥ
ϣĪһװĪСҲһ𣬸ĪӡóˣƴӡԼС﷢һȥĪׯϣĪ֪ĪҪһׯӵģûв룬ദһʱ䣬֪ڣԲ˿Ը죬ȥҲûʲôãңĪĪʱĪܾˡ
һ黹ͦ˳ģڼҹȻ֣ׯԱеׯӼ۸һļ۸ׯӡ
ׯֻһλֲտıӿеģʣµׯӣһĪеģһҿеġ
ҿеǸʺλûãһƬμأɶҲǴںβ˵Ҳͦƽ̹ģǸʲôģˣʵҲμأвؿֶģһЩƶعϰȵЩЩĲʣΪʡ
ĪеǸׯһĪԷЩ磬Щźóԣʱ㶼ԼҲˣȻĪˮľǸׯȦһɽǰѴɽȥİɽϻһˮһĺ˵ˮȪˮ
ɽҲдССȪӣϵĵض򻯵أĪɵˣΪ򻯵زֲɽϵֲϡ裡
ȪɽǸɵĽǱϵض򻯵أֲͺһͷϡˣͺһ
ɽ¶ƫһЩ춼ȪģĪصľʱַ߲˾ûôˣÿ컹ҪޱǱӵġ
ȪˮĺôҲ࣬ʱ԰Ȫˮ붬첻ˮˮϴ·ϴ衢ϴ˵ȵȵģȪˮʼԵĻȣ
Ҳ֪ǲǲҲֵͦġ
ȪɽׯӵׯģϾȥһɽأ
ֹ֣صȴûׯӵ֮һΪռһɽҲռ˶֮һ
ׯӻĪǵׯǰǧƵǾǧտҿصǸׯһǧϾַ֣λҲѣȻһСɽǸСɽ
Ƶظμռһ룬λҲԣĪҿеǸׯԶ˵󣬿ҲĴׯӵһ롣
Īһ֣Ī޵ľʹӦˣöŷһԼҹŮء
ڼҲǼ֣ԶԺ󣬵˳ȥһ¹Ȼڲϰʱ䣬ڼˣʱ䡣
ʳ¯ׯӵ飬һҲˬġ
ĪӻȥԺĪ˵ׯˣǵؾ֣ȴֻô㣬ҪôǮզõģĪˣ֪ԼӦøȥģҪôˣ
ĪӼĪôҲ˵ĪҪģǵʵѾˣǧļ۸ҲеȵׯӣǸǴׯأȻ˵һЩؼΪ֣Ҳеׯӵأɽأ
ҲǼˣ۸Ҫׯ˵ҲҪһǧĪӻͦ˵ġ
ĪɲúŪЦǱ˼ҵزҲۣôͲһģ
Īֲǲ˵ģԽ۸Īȫһׯһϵׯӡ
ĪĪҲҪɽأ
Īһǲɵɽû涼ﶼֵطȥ㵹ǺãһɽǲǾû㺩̫ˣɽҪǲƽˣһܿضֵɽռ˶ĵط㻹˼ᣡ
Īӣ
Īû꣬ƫĪӣҪɽɶɶô˵ӳʶɽˮҲϴϴˡϴϴ·裬Ҳãֵ㻨ԩǮһôôҪôĳϴ
Īӣ⻰Ŷ˰

ʮ 񣨼Ӹ
ּ֮ľʮµĪүүˣ¶ҵׯҪģҵûϵ
ҪģĪûôˣ֪Ѿͷأôأ
ĪûĶĪӵ´λ˵ˣֲǻ˵ϻõ㻤ԼĹŮ°
ĪôϨ˻𣬿ĪĿɿڴˣĪӲƽˣҲ̫ƽˣƾɶģͷôĻ˵ҪģͲ
ʵĪ̫ԴˣĪӶѵõЩҪĪ棬ϵˣ˶ˣ
һԵԼСˣĪҲ֪ʲôּۺɣȻֲģЩڨڨģԼСˡ
ĪӴĪӲݣһƲһбĪӣ˭Ǹͻ鱾ϵĶһ˾ӣʵɵ˰ģ˿˶֪ҲɵɵҪûĵģ͵ű˰ɣ˵Ҫ˼̵úأ㵱Ѿͷ⺩𣿡
ĪӣĹӴҵϵҪ˲ιΪϵҾͲҴ㣡
ĪûЩίĪӣתĪѾͷǸׯʲô㣿
ĪЦүүǸׯʵеľɽˣ֮ǰҲֵķ߲ˣ֪һη߲˶Ǯ𣿡
ǮĪʡ
һĪ
ɶǵ㶫һĪòš
үүܰΪʲôܣ룬ʱڣ˭߲ˣõĵģЩ˼ҿϲĽɽΪкܶˮᣬҲˣַ߲˶鷳ҪյȵģҪůÿƵģȥģˣȻĶ࣬Ҳķ˺ܶͲһˣǲҪʲôֻҪһЩ棬ЩʲôȥŪЩǵؾַ߲ˣ
Щů͵󣡡Ī
仰ҲʹֻҪŪȥЩؾͶֲˣ鷳ͽĪׯǵؾô࣬ôأʹԴԴϵǮ
ΪֵĶֲĲˣԸϵҪҲܶ࣬ͷֻҪƽϣͻòģҲٰȥˡ
ȻĪֵǸͷź㣬Ҳ룡ǹʱ򣬵ʱڹǰ㣬϶ϺüۣʵһĪû˵ǾǸƯɻͷͻأ
˵Ȫʱֻ֪Ȫ裬ͦģȴûж֪ȪĺôĪҲûǸȥȪĺôЩССȪֻ˷ˣ׽ȥݣȻֻ˷ˣ
Ҳû취飡
ʱúܿ죬Ԫ͹ȥˣ˳ĪСټ˾ֿʼڷѧϰˣĪĪȥһǸׯӣһ⣬Ǹׯӵׯ⣬ԭׯӵĻׯӵǻʵֻǱȽûй滮ǸׯϵǸܵ͵ˣǺܻᡣ
Īƴ֪ǸׯϵׯڼҵׯĪӸĪЩͷۣĪֱӸĪ˵ȻϳȥɣЩˣֱЩģʵģһӵҲԣֻ׳ҲУ̤ʵľУ׳ɵĺãǰȢҲǲУ
ڼ̼֮ңĪûж£ôĪӻǾأˣڼΪ⼸ׯܵǼң
ȻڼǼҴҵ
ĪܵˣĪ͵ʲô̵ܵĶԸҪЩׯ˵һ䣬ʮ䶥ҪǿЩׯܶׯ⣬ҲԸ鲻𣿼ȻǲԸ⣬Ҳǿѣ
еһͻĪҪصĹȨԷȴϣׯĪҲ̫ˣһЩ죬һׯӣʮһ㣬ׯӵĻˣǸׯȴʮ໧˼ңǲ
Īˣİɣҿ϶ܰã˵ģ
Ҫˣ϶ҲҪԼվһĪׯʲôׯׯѹģһʱڸһЩǮׯǮ˼Ҷ֪ô¶ˣ¶Цˡ
ϰԣʵƣӲģԽۣԽţǣׯԽԽ֣˾֪ׯҲ˿ЦЩׯׯ˰ɣ


ʮ 
ֱĳһ죬ĪͷһĴ˼ʮˣţ֣һԵİЩׯϳȥһ޿̣ҲҪҪӣ
ϳȥׯȻǲϰˣʱսֻҪЩׯ֣ͻᱻϳȥкţ˽ĪȴƸչͷæƶԸЩׯׯͣˡ
ڼ䣬һµʱŸ㶨ģûа취˭ĪҸȷʵǳأ
ҸտʵҲͬ⣬ƣֶΰЩׯʰķտңֻҪˣҲûׯ¶
ĪҪߵģĪһֱһҲףҲЩֲ˼ˣһ£ĪٴҪߣĪӻǲӦĪ֡
滹ĪүүСٿҪͯˣǵһأСٿͯٻȥڣСҲܶЩ
ȻĪ֪ԼĪСʲôϾĪҶĳһοͯĪͦӵģҲ
ϵЩǺˣԪĪҶĻʳҲͻָȻǲͲмѼ⣬ȴǻŻϵģʳû֮ǰˡ
ϾȥˣҲԲرõĶЩԼҵĴˣĪ˵ͯ¶ϸǾҪϽȥûӻͷҪˡ
ߵĻʳҲȴ󷿺Щȴû֮ǰˣҪȥ
ĪøϳȻȥĪֱӸ˵ԼȥϿ죬ԼؾԼأ
Ī룬ҲͬˣϻȥҲãʡĪָ˵ƫˣֻŴ󷿣˿Ҳۣۡ
ۿۿۣۿۿۣһ
˭׹ƽʱ߹ţȻˣʣ˭
˼ңĪׯ𣿡˾һˣһˣʵֻ˴һǳзͷϴɫͷټΪʣ߱۾ͥɫ𪣬һӢǷѹӣʵ
ǵġǣ׹ƽɻĿһˣ
Գ΢ϲӣҵˣ˼ңɷ˵һ˵ƻˣû˾ǼƣҲ
ɶ׹ƽʵ˭
ĪںӣҲׯӵׯĪˣ
ŶԵȣͨһ£׹ƽֹˣ׹ƽɲóȻ˴˭֪ǲĪׯݡ
˵ʲôĪҶڴҲǽǡݣĪҶôôôԸׯׯѾǰׯϳȥȻׯһֵʱ
ѾȥˣĪҶЩҲٱˡ
Ȼ׹ƽͨĪҶ˶վĪЩʧ̬Ĵһ̣۾һƸˣ
ĪЩĵ죬죬ǽˣһȥɣĪӶ״ˡ
ĪҶĪЩˣ˵ǰȫˣҶܹʱȥˣôˣƵƽĪ˵һܺõϢҲõģҲΣ
СƣСƣ㣡Īһȣֳ˲ٵļƣۿЩ졣
Сƣڻˣ㶼ȥˣˣһ࣬ôҲϢأȴǸԵˣۿһ죬͵žģȴЦ
ôˣһ껹𣿡ĪСܡ
ȥˣǶܵ㣬ǻˣĪСĵĵ
ǰ㲻ҽˣ͵͵ĿأĪʫӨСѾͷ
§ĪԶԶĿЩҲȥ
ĪܸоˣʼôˣСôȥƸˣ
ҡҡͷ˵
ĪĶżƣǺģȴֲȥҲ֪ôˣҲûʲôչ˵
Χôˣôůůģܸж˲ԼԼôģʶĻ΢ЦʱǱ˾ˣ֮ǰһֱˣҪǣȴǶûĪҴˣҲ֪ȥˣûʣ˺þò֪ˡ
Ȼĳƺʯˣ㣬ʲô˵õģֻǱ˾أ
ĪСҲڱοĿţ˵üƶشˣȥȳСܡСʫӨˣýվ˵Ҳ

ʮ 
ԣԣҶ˺ͿˣСƿүú˵˵Īӻϲصĵ
㣬ĪҶƴӵŽĪҵĴ˵
һ·ŽνЩ﹫һµЦϹڳ˱˵δˣŲţ
ûѾΪϹˣԭϵӵģǰ̫ӵΪ˱ʾͰɣϵˣϹжˣϵʽΪϹԭ̫Ȼ˲ȴҲǾһҲðΣ̫Ȼйģøͣ
˶񣬿ʼҰԭ˵õ˵˵һֱǣ˵ЩؼԺĪӲҪ֣
Ȼ˵ĪĪСͦ˵ģ˵ôЩԾĪɨһˣĪ飬˵һҹӻͦ˵ģΪĪδĪĪӰ˺Ϳˣ
ĪӸֻŸˣͷ˿ɶûУСģĪСΪ˺벻ĵطȥĪСӹ๾ת֪ʲôٴϻۣҲ벻̫ࡣ
ĪС٣ĪĪСٸԼһҲ˼ӣĪͶĪС٣ĪСҲڿĪԴǡ
ĪЦЦĵ⣡
ĪСټĪ侲Ȼˣͷ϶⣡
ܶȷʵԲˣЩûû˵˵ԼȥĪˣΪʲôǻȥʱûҹ˵ģũҿջ֪Ҳ˵ֻ˵ûҹƭǡ
ΣȻϵǣ·Щһȴ͸¶ŲϤĸо
Īɵϸ۲ȷʵǸûΪʲôأ
ĪȻƸ磬˾ͺã㻹ǵԭŵҵ飬˵ʱҪҴһױʯΣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ʵЩп࣬Ҳ̫ˣǣ֮ǰϢʱϸӲϣЩϾܶϸֻĪԼ֪
Ī˵ȷͷŵǸ⣺ȻǵˣֻôæͷͷٲвУ
ĪӸԲĿĪ֪ģĪǲֵֹҪģָǼ͸ġ
ĪĪСҲɫһĿ
Ī㵽˭㵽ʲôĿģƵĪҾ㣬ǲָرǣ㱻ߣǲ֪ʲôȴҲ㵣ģǼ˵㿴˰ɣôƭǣ
ƭʲôƭĪӿƣЩţ⣬ɣ
ôˣǰҲǼƣȴǾȵƸ磬ǲ֪ݣ룬ҹǣΪʲôȴ֪ΪʲôҲû˵СҲ֪ûĪ
ĪСٽӿڣУΪʲô˵һЩƸӲϻղƸǲ͸Щ裿ЩطС˵Ӳϻ
ƭǣĪӺʧ
ҲţƸ磬ô㻹Ƹ㵽˭
¶ˣһ˵
һʱҲЩˣĪ˻Ŀʧ
ĪСʣƸ磬Ϊʲôƭǣ仵ˣ
ĪʫӨģϲƸˣ
֪ΪʲôЩצ¶ˣΪﲻ֪ΪʲôܻţǿʧľȻΣ
ңңǱңҲǹģ͵
ǹģ㻹ƭǣĪСɵοأ
ĪʫӨƸȥˣƸ粻ģ
ΪѣԭõļƻĪװʲôûзӣֻҵ⣬һʼװмġ
˭֪һһǽ򣬵ڶϬĪ
̫ӵҲƻãĲҲôʧҲ뿴ʧı飬¶
ˣ㣬ǱʧĲǹģңܸһʱһʱ䣬Ҳܽ͵ģ
ΪʲôҪһʱ䣿Īʡ
ҪһʱôƭǰɣѻŪԲһЩĪСЦ
ǵģ޴룬ɵÿ﹫

ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮ½﹫쿴أǲȣϷ̻̫ģ¶̻̫ûɶϵ

ĲǵģֻǣҲ֪ô˵֮һǺǵģ
ȸǣ㵽ǲǼƣĪʣܹ⡣
ͷǣǾȹļƣ
ΪʲôҪƭǣĪʡ
ͻش𲻳ˡ
ĪСڿܲ˳ۣҲ׻ʲôģԼǼƣӵѣֻĪСҲ벻ͨǼƣҲգһƭʲô
Īȴףۿһǲʧˣ
ǵģЦųϣûʲô˵ģұ˾ߵʱֻ֮ǰļ䣬ȴû˸һļ䣡
Ȼѹˣ˵ʲôԾĵطأŽ͵ͨ
ΪʲôҪƭǣĪСҲԭ
ҡһ˵Ϳǣ
ĪۿʵȻʧˣô֪ǵĴڣΪʲôҪ˵ʲôģΪ˱һʼ͸̹ףƭԿ϶Ŀģ
Ů̫Ϭˣڷ⣬ЦܸҵʱЩ飬ģҲ֪ô˵
ʱôƭƸ磬ôĪʫӨܲ
۾ҿָĿ⣬Ҫһһ룬ǲܰռƻˣԼҲѡ񣬲Ϊ˳񣬱û̫Ϊ˲ЩȹԼˣԣĪ˸ĸоЩˣʧ
ʵҲΪѣĪЩĵģֻ뵽ĿĲҲЩģҪȷĲΣ
ϾһĺӣܳΪ̫һֱ֣ʹԭʧˣĪҵʱҲǺǿģ˫ȫͬ˵أȴǲ㣬µ
۾ˣĪĪʱ־һЩ
Ī壬ܵ˵˵
УҪ
ҲҪ
ĪСٸĪͬĵ

ĪӶɣģҲϵģ
ԥһ¾ͬˣĸо֪ΪʲôҲǿŵģ
ԵǲˣĪСҲҪģĪһĻȥˣĪСֻίίıĪСߣһͷģСੲݵģƸ磬㲻ôԴģҲǿŵģҵҲʵǰСɽ򣬱СϲӲСĿˣҶû߱ˣ
ˣϣ
˶ˣһӣڵϣֺ£һϹڴ˰лĪľ֮ĪҴû
Ī˶̣Ī𣬱ûʲôģǸʲôĪӵûעϹƺϣ
㿪Īӵ֣Ī壬ջȲѣĪԭ£
Īһˣԭ£ԭ£
ĪĪС뷭ۣԼϵҲ̫ˣǵҲǷҪŵǸ
Ī壡Īִ£վЩжĪ˶ǺܴģĪӣ
ȱж˵˵ĿİɣĪһ棬ĪСҲͷǰʲôĻͷ˵㻹˵˵Ŀİɣ
ҿ˵Ǵأǲ͸¶֣Ҳǲõģһµ˵
λʵΪԼСģСԶĵܵܣ֮ԻѣΪǸС̫ӵһɵģһֱ̫ӵ£̫ӵΪֱŶӵҰģֱһ죬̫ʱҸСڸȥæȴ⵽˰ɱʹ˸Сɢˣ
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ڶһ磬Ī˾ҵĳˡ
ĪҵʵƸ磬ʵңûаб֣
ĿĪô֪ģ
Ī˵ʵû֣ôģаб֣˵ʲôʲôģЩעĿˣβֱתأ
ʲô˼ҪȥдŵģĪ˵ʡ
ҵ˼ҲׯҪ֣ǻһׯҲҪ֣ȱֵʱаб¶ˣתΪĪҹӶǿһԺģĪİ취оܸһЩ
ֻҪȥЩתΪǾ˳ģ˻ɣôׯӣȻ˹ȴ籣ĿɿԹӶһЩͦõģҪʰׯӵЩׯҲԷһЩǱߣһǰĪׯһԺһ棬£ҲʱǱߵ˽йæһã
ֻ취̫ˣ﹫̵̫һɵöĪǹĿ࿴
ͷ취ãҿһ£ЩЩȻ䣬ȴҲ䣬οҪѰתΪģҪȥ̫ʾ
˵Ҫ㱨ʵ̫ˣĻ£ֱûģ̫ˣиıļƻа顣
Īͷԣ
ȻתͷͰ﹫쵽Сѧȥ﹫̵ЩӣûΣգЩӵĸĪҲĪСٹ﹫ݣû뵽﹫ͷô
ҽһ£ԺŷˣŷӸϿΣĪҹƻӭ
žžžа۾ˮĿͻȻֵϷӣһѷ׵ĺӣоԼүүûɶ
﹫ѧ峵Ÿ߰˶Ȼûн̹ѧˣ߸ָˡ
ԭ﹫׼ģʱҲȥݣ̹ӣûǶѵ£ڿ﹫ЩԲˡ
﹫ҵĪĪСѧʲô³̣
﹫ĴĪҲ𾴵ģԹĵŷӣѾͷͿԣ
ȻСѧЩ⡭



ʮ ͯ
ּ֮ľʮͯžų˷ھΪΪҪЩȥʯӣǷʲô﹫㻯ʮΪʲô
ĪȷʵԼʧ󣬶Ǹ﹫˵ˣԼСѧø˼ҵĿɲһĪǰĸ﹫͡
﹫ееĻȻеĹ۵﹫˵ӱ
ǼӼģǱ߻ظĺܿ죬Ϲ֪ԼӶȡԼ£Ϲ
ҲǾˣȻ˾ͷſˣʵеûף﹫ȴףܵĪΪʲô飬ָ˼䣬Ī˵ȡԼõѡ񣬶˵ƸΪޱΪ檡
ĪĻ֮ǰʧȥ䣬иĸû游ĸģӲҪֻ£УĪ˵ܲá
ģӦ游ĸȻýƸİչߡ
߻ûʲôǰæܹׯϵ飬ȻĪӳһЩڣһЩĪСׯأһЩȥ˴ׯӣΪ˶˲ע⣬ĪׯĴׯӣ⣬һЩ棬͵ͨũҲŴһֵأ
Ī߸ְֵĽôׯӣôׯӦԺͷ֣ׯӶһ
ĪÿճʱдڶԵѾдˣдˣӹӢ۴ѾˣǾ˲ǣ
˲Ī϶ҪʱֲĳǣʮƣΪʮơ
Ҳ֣ͽһȡŮزȡϹ
Īæдأ˽ֹׯõġ
µĵҲζͯĻĪЩţȴֲҸĪСѹֻܰݽŻĪׯɵĿʼֵأǹɻϲͱˣʲôն
ԭĪСٲμͯҪԭģտˣĪСԺͶͰѧǨˡ
ͯԷ󳡣һԣ峡ڶǸԣ
ĪСٱҲЩţǴҸøûʲôرı֣ĪСȻЩʧ䣬ȴҲˣĪĪСٵȥְɣǲ֪˵ˮƽʲô
û˵ʲôĪС֮ܿģȻĪСٸˣȥֶѣ
﷢ȴˣǰЩţȻ󻹴ŵεȥĪС٣С٣㿼ͯʱ𣿡
ĪСˣᣡĵ
﷢ЩʧΪʲôǼҲ𣿡
ӣұҲϣȥ֣ĪСٵ
峡ԿĪСٸ﷢ɫ࣬ã峡ҲǺ˵ġ
ĪСϲμӿԵʱûĪСȥǻʱȴ嶼ڵţȻǲ⣬ֻǲĪСѹ
ȻҲԴܷũϣͼ﷢ˡ
ͯ꣬ºɼĪСٵ־ڰϣĪ˺ܸˣҲֻһЩóԵġ
ĪĪׯûлȥϾĪСٻиûȷǷͯ
﹫סĪׯܿӦˣСѧõĽѧʽҲӦһԼ˸ı䣬ׯ˼ҵĺûзܣҲĽѧܿ죬ׯĺӾϲϷӡ
ĪûҪ﹫ʵϵģϾôţˣǺˣڵķչĪСٸĪСܣĪСҲܷչĲѧԺȷʵǸĵطĪСֵܽȥԺ仯ܴ󣬵ڿ˵̥ǣȫһ
ϸŲĪСĲ˵﹫æ̵ģ﹫ϣ˵Ҳ״
ͺһĪСҪͯ﹫ǲ֪ȴû˵仰
˵ʲôıȽϺãЩǳĪӣߣҲزģͲ֪ȥңýҲʶ
Լһ£ׯ˼ʶҲмĺƽĶۣǰļǿ϶ǹġ
ǼҲһˣܾøԼҲ䣡
ĪҲڷ⣬ĬһҪҪȸͨһ£Ҫǿôģ
뵽ԼŮǸģҲٶȵİĪйʵ̫ˣԼŮҲ֪ʲô뷨Լԭķ˧ܸɣԼһԼϣԼܲˣ
ҲʮˣԼĻ£ûʲô뷨ֱ׵ʡ



ʮ ߻
ּ֮ľʮ´߻Īôʣ£ôͻȻˣ
ĪӵҲͻȻҲСˣʮ˵ĹҶǣֻ㼸꣬ϱŮһһĹҶѾѻ¶ˣ˵Ҳܶ࣬Ҳճˣ󣬲֪ʲô뷨
뷨ǲ̫ˣĪڶЩڸԼˣʵǲеģҲǱʲô˵ʲôõģʱǼңں֪Ī͸ڡ
ˣǶ˵ҪúˣʲôҪ󣬻Ǳ׼Űңֱ׵ĵ
ҲĪҲһŮҪ
Īû׼һ£תת⣬߸ɶе㲻ðɣҵЩӣԭаŮװָƸ綩飬Ǹ˼Ҷɣ˵˶Է˵˶Էͬ⣬˵ô죿
һԼΪʲôҪľԼҹŮȻ滹Բе޴ľ
ĪӶЩ
Ī
ĪˣЩԼ¶ڣҲʵ벻ɣֻܵǱˣʵұûˣղЩҵĽڰˣ
㲻ðοҸˣ֪ﺦ㣡̲סᣡ
Ī˵İʵƸ綩ҲֻƸ統ƣǿȱ㣬ҿŵ㣡
ĪӵЩԼҵĹŮΪ֮ǰĪͱֳ˲뻻Ůӵݡ
Ī룬ŮҪ˵ģ˲иʵСƣвСӣأǿ㣬ҲҲأȸ˵ʲô׼˵Ѱң㿴Σ治⣬Ҳ㡣
أܲҲԵľͷ˰ɣĪĵĵ治ϲǿ㣬ҪҸͺãڿܾһͦõģҲЩܣɵϺжǲٵģҵһ֮ǰҲԸչһӵˣ
Īӵı仯νǰЩ˵ģΪѧ񷨲һ˵ĪѾǰĪˣʴܶ࣡
Īӵ˵Īһ㣬˿Īӣֿ˿һǳοá
ĪĬˣҲʲô£ֻĪҪ֤Ҫ֤ҲϲͲޣ뷨ʵ̫治ˣĪʵ˵Ҳԣ˵Լһأ
ĪԼ֪̫ˣ
ȸߵϲʲôģĪӵ˼أоׯ˼ҿܸϲǲһлоҪʶֵģöô
еĶ˶ظģصǶ˵ĻҲȽԴʶһЩˣٲлտҰæ
ϲϲ˶һëϣԼɷָߴţǿ̳ߣܿǮһ仰ǣҪֵҪҪӣ
棬ΪŮ֮Ĳ࣬Ůϲ˧Ļյģص˻ṦйаȫУ
ĪҲôԲеĲʵʡ
ĪģҲ⣬Ҫʶ֣Ļˮƽ̸ܷ
ȻҪйǸʦԣ϶ظҲܴ壬ҵľٶɣ
У檣檵ģҲҪصƷҪãģ
Īӣ
ȴڷ֪ĪΪʲôʦҵȰĪʦãչͷڣôΣգֲܳڼң޶ڼҵ²˵һһʦŮడ
ĪĿãû뵽ⷽõǲɵ˵Щȷʵڵϡ
Īһ£ʵҲǷҪģҾûҪ˰ɣǸũҿϵŵ㣬ദҲǿԵģ
ĪЩͷۣоĪ֮ǰ˵أ뻹иΧһ˵ûͷûеףôң
ĪĻȥ룬ĪСĵĵ˼Ҫʲôģ
ô˵أʵҾʮУг״ԪҲ˵˹㣬ƷãģȻĵͿԣ˵ԺҪʲôģȻԼԷԼˣеĻǾһɢ
ĪӰˣҲ˵ҲɶģֻҪ˹þͿˣ⻹еף



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮ¼Īͷ
ĪҲȰĪӸãʵҲ̫ˣҪҲҲνʵҾҪߵģϾô㣬ҪҿϵҲףҲ̫ϣ
ҪҪǮǮҪҲһ㣬ҪͷĪСǶҲܻ飬˭۸ɣ
ĪӣŮôԿĺô
ã
ĪĻĪӾͿʼעԺĶɣĪСڿͯĹؼʱڣĪӾûĪС˵顣
ĪҪĪҶ飬տҸҺ֪ܿˣûʲôԴټҲ˵ˣ뿴ǷʶʲôûУ
ĪǱҲֻԼɫҲ֪Ůԭ򣬷˭˳ۣﲻദǸĹ⣬Ƕӣͷ࣬ǸԸ̫ظʣ֮ì
﷢֪ĪҪҶʱѾǸĵڶˡ
Կ꣬ͻ˯ذһجģ˵ļٵģ֮ǰҲûĪ˵°
Ȼˣһƭ㣿ôˣСӦҶҲСˣʮˣе˼Ѿˣ﷢ҪԼʲôʱܷӦ
﷢Щǲһ
ôһСŮӣȱŮӶʲô
﷢һʱ⣬ô˵أ
ƻڴ̼﷢ĪԭҲǹ˼СٻڿԣǶˣĪƾҪʼжˣĪ˵мĺģͷȥ̽̽ǲ˵˼ҾҪˣ
ô죿﷢Щ㶣﷢ţҲĪҲǵģôô
겻ﵱҲʮ޵ĵƵ
﷢ˣ⣬⣬ѵͲܲ𣿡
ЦˣϹС϶Ҫ˵ģͺ϶ҪȢϱһⶼ쾭ģƾʲôСˣëɣҲ̫ɵˣڻûת
ϧˣ﷢صԶ벻ģ﷢ҲĵôܣܲȢϱȢϱĶȥˣ˵Ҳȥˣ
ƣԲۣڲӣӿûôɵ
ȢȢϱСҪҪʲô£˵ˣ㲻ȢϱʹС𣿡Ц
﷢üģҲУҲУ⣬⣬СôܼأԺô氡
﷢̲ˣҲԣܳȥˣҲܣȥĪ˰ɣ
תֲԣæһס﷢һôçײܹȥĪӸĪ˵ˬ죬ҲʼɫѡȴЩѡֲˬ
ɿŮɲԽԽȤԽԽĪˬأСҪɶĪӲˬģСӲԼɣ
ţҲסˣĪϱǺģɱɵСӸûˣ
СӣܣϽӹһʱ׷ϣֻúġ
﷢͸ŶҲҾͲҪȥʣҾ϶ˣ
ȥɵСӣȻ޸ˣȢ˲ôôأǣ
æסǺӣ뷼һɻ󣺡Ǹʲô
ôһ˵뷼ʶҲͰԼҶסˣʲô
ʲôҪȥɶң¶ʮأ﷢š
ȻƸˣ﷢һƣСӣɣûӵĶҸ㣬Ҫǲ㣬ܰԼŲ
﷢ŲӣҲţҲ̫صˣĪҪҶ¶ң
զأŰܰҰƵ
뷼ôˣ
ƶ뷼Сӣ˼ʹˣҲҸˣСһըëˣ˵ˣ˵ɵɵ
뷼һԼҶӣʵϲҪ˵ѾͷǲûԼҶϱֻǵĿú㣬ѵĺӣ϶Ҫŵġ
Ҫ˵ԼҶϱ뷼Ծḷ̌ԭŮװ˵ܻ飬ԼҵĶҪȢ϶ѹסģĸŶ̵ġ
뷼Ҳû﷢ϲĪ
﷢һˣʶķϣûУôô룿
ûеĻҶɶϵ뷼ʣϸĥһ£ʵЩ⣬˵аŮװ¶ȷʵǸĺӣʶ֣ͨƷҲǿԵģųġ



ʮ ϵ
ּ֮ľʮϵаŮװ¶Ҫ˵Ҳȷʵֲ⺢ӣ
˵ˣ뷼ĪûʲôУǶϱѵŮǲһģһ˵ǶϱѡͿʼԾ̣뷼ҲʲôţĪҲи飬ųⲻǺų⣬ﲻǺ⡣
ôûϵͬ﷢ŲӣɣҲѣҪ˶ң﷢ˣ
ƣ
뷼ɲ֪ƵĶȤζֱӶ﷢ôͬСڲͬ˵ͬͬ˼һޣܹƾɶܣ
뷼ûĺݣֱӵԼҵɵӣСˣϲҲܸˣҪϲǾϱ
ϱ﷢û뵽ɧʶúôܽأ̲ס࣬˵֪Ϊʲô룬ģ
ԣԼˣԼôȥˣҿɸ˵Ī˳أҪĪӡ󲻺ˣĪ廹ܰ㣿һԼϱ˵ˣҲҴˣԼϱһۣ֪ĪϱǺ⡣
﷢Щ㶣ĶҪ⣬⣬û
ЦûϽ룬ҿɸ˵ˣˣͷһѣһˣҲˣ
ƻû˵ͱ뷼һƣһۣô˵أ
﷢һ⻰˼˼ľæǣǿɲУңҾãȻȻͣϱɣһϱߺߺˣȻֱܿˡ
ȻûһʱЩסˣ﷢һܲôܸˣ
ƻǱߴ̼﷢Сӣë߰㵽ɶ˼˵ˣ
Ȼ﷢ѾԶˣˡ
뷼ָһ£ܺ棿˵ߡ
棡ƵͷȻ뷼㲻ϲ
ϲֻǵϱѼҵŮɲһ뷼ƳһۣŮװȻĴɱϾ˶һʱ䡣Сһ̫ˣҵСѹס
뷼һƾ֪ƺϱ˽뷼뷼Ҳ˽ƣ⣿
ƵͷǺ⣡ȻѧöɶСӣǻŶԲûʲô˵ѹѹסģҾ̫ˣ֮ҪģѾͷǷǲֵģǿһЩʲôʱ˺ӣǮʲôĲӣҪֻҪСܻϲһӣСģǵҲ棡
뷼ͷҪôҲǶԵģҲǺų⡣
﷢߶Լķ䣬СϱƵģյĲУðˣֻӿȣ룺ȢϱԺ͸һˣһ
룬﷢;ôô⣬ϲ
ԭԼһֱϲ﷢ԭûⷽԽ룬Խúǣﶼ˵ϲˡ
﷢϶̲ס漴ֲԣֻ𼱻ǵܵǰզڼ㲻˵Ī嶼Ҫ࿴𣿻Ͻȥ˵˵
ȡЦԼҶӣȷҪϱˣϲˣ
﷢ȻȴǴߴٵǣǣԵȥ˵˵ɣ꣬Ҳ˲ϺˣϱҪ˻߸
֪żˣȥˣƻȡЦ
﷢޹ĿϵͻȡЦԼҲж
﷢ˣ㵽ҪҪ˵
ƻЦӴϵвˣӲ˵զأȻ﷢ҪˣЩĵĵˣˣ֪żİɣûô죬Ī廹ûأ
Īڿ˭˳ۣܶˣ
ӵȷʵǶˣҲ粻˳٣ǲˣôҲҪĪпյӡ
ĪȻңտҲһţտıȻڣڵģĪûɶ뷨Ǽܲסտү뷨Ҳ֪ĪҾȻҪĪżˣϲһš
Īϲ뷨뷼Щƣ˼ҵĺӸԼĶϱ£ŵԱȱ㣡
տЩ뷨һֱտȢټС㣬ԵڶûտҶտѾˣҲ󣬳տүߣ
ĪԼҶϱҲûôģ
ЩĪȻǲ֪ģһֱΪԼûʲôš



ʮ ¶
ּ֮ľʮ¶ڹ£պĵһ˿ˮҲʼ˸ӰθߣزʼһСͻۣȻżŻҪŮװЩ᲻أ˼ΪŮ
ܼ޲ˣŮӵƯҪģȻҲ˸רںÿ·ˡ
ĪʼҪ˵οΪ˵ʹĪ˵ģرŪϸĪ˶ȻúϣΪ˺üźá
жˣͷ˿ˣĴͺˡ
ڸɽϯ֣ղźЩʵЩĪ˼ģܾö˵˵
ããȥ˼طǵһڴƷɣһεķֳɣ˵ţ˧˦һƱĪˮһƱǶǮ
ĪҲĽӹƱʮŰʮƱһһǧ˷ˣķˡ
ĪЩ棺û˵һΪĻܶأ
⻹֮ǰ̵İ취Ȼ˵棬Ҳȥˣֻ˵ģǾרǮ˵ģǮ˰ӣǱģ򣬶Լķα־óȥ۸˿ӣȻǮˡ
Ӣ۴Ҫˣһ㿪ʼд𣿡ʵ
㣬ҵһƷӢ۴һĹ£Ī뵽ˣ԰Ҫģµһó
ȷҪôǲٻȰӢ۴ʣֵեɣĪʡ
أҲȷˣĪҪ˵Ī˵һЩ취ͦʹģĪȷҲȷ
ֻǶŶţע⵽һ飬ŵĿĪƷɣŮģ
ĪԼĶӦ¶ˣҲͦԵġ
ĪźһЦһ֣Щ΢Ǹ⣺ǰ£
㣬㡭һʱЩ֪ô˵ˣ㣬ôŮģȻŮһЩпŲ񰡣
ĪЦЦ𣿡ԲۣҪЩˡ
񣡾ûҪ˵ԭŲ񣬿˵Ůģ;ԭԼͦϹġ
ҹӣܿͽʵЦƷɣأҲǼٵ𣿡
Ҳ٣ԭ־ͽĪǷķɣϼϦĪ˵
ԽĪĳԽԼϹôûأĪûɣ
ɵʣִ𣿡
ĪͷǣŴģ
Ҳ͹ֲˣҲûٺĪΪʲôڲŴŮӲǴС
ǿԼع鵽ϣ㣬ղ˵Ҫһµȷ𣿡
ȷҾİ취֪᲻ãĪ
һȥ룬нظ㣬ڷ㻹ҪдȥдһЩȻ͸ĪҴҸǡ
ĪԼĶ䣬Խ𣿸оʲôƵģ
ΪڼҲ﹫ˣּϢĪҲЩţĪ⼸νǶûдһ
ĪҲûʲôȥˣǮҪĺãȻй⸮ȴһֱ̫ƽʱľ˱ץʲôģ˵˭˭˭ĪľʧأоŴЩȫ
ĪֱӻؼˣڼбڻǺıڣⰲģ⼸ſͯĪСٶżˣҲѵڼЪϢ졣
Īţ˳£ҪĪӣ֪Īӳ緹ĵطԾ͹ˣ緹ģ
﷢ߴƵĵڶ죬ԼҶӵ飬ƻĵġ
磬ôˣûҸ˫ӣĪӾϲĿơ
ĪС١ĪСܸĪСԹԵĺﲮ
ҲûſӸżڣһ߸Īӹģӣϴ˵üôˣ
ǼĪһʶüͷ룬ǲʣȻкܺã˼Ҳһܿϣ
ʣôʲô𣿡
ĪӲϰ˵˵Ļƻ΢͸¶һ㣬˵ίһЩ
ƻˣʵЩëƤС£Ҫ˵ƷϵҲһĪﻹģȻҲޣҪʮȫʮȫĪӵԸģҲܣ


ʮһ 
ּ֮ľʮһһ㣬ĪҲ֪
ƿһ£ȻĶԼҶӾûɶˣǼҵƻеġ
ƿһ£ͬĵɲô˵ڵĺǲզأⲻ֪֪׵ģҿɸ˵ǰһһ¶أһ˼ҰǼҼһ䣬˵ܲǼĶҲãԸĸТ˳ҲǼȢĶϱҲ֪զأӼȥˣһֱݣǺӶҲã
ǰͱˣŮֱˣ֮ǰǼҸҷˣ˵ʵǼҾѣϱˣŰ˵ؼǹɶؼǶϱɷ򲻹ָףϱǴĥĲУţſǶϱҲ˳ۿɲˣǶϱʵܲסˣһǰ඼˵ˣҪ˵ǶϱƵģҪӣ˸ӣ˵Ҫͱһ˵š
ĪӶˣʲôôô
ǰо仰ʲô֪˲֪ĵôɲôƵ԰Ʒ¶ɣҲ׼һ˼ңǼҺҲУеĹţ˵ĸ˹ŵǾͲһˣǶ˵ļ۸ڶĶȥˣ
ƿʼɫĸĪӽԼ˵Щ޵˼ҵ¶кģҲйŵģɶĶУ
ĪӶסˣоȻ˺ˣ°һˣˣˣǸɴ಻޺ˣҪҲҪؿǣ
ƣ
ɵۣЩˡ
æͣ£һҲú£ʵ޸˼ҵҲȥˣҲǻأҲ֪֪ײ¶һһҾҸ֪֪׵˼Ұǰɣ
֪֪׵˼ң˴ɶ˵ҵĺҲǻ࿴ųģͬ£ǿ϶Ǻ⣬ûɶ⡣˵ƿһ£ͱ˵Ǽңǰɣӣ㿴ҼҰô˵ţƿһĪСǣȻõźӵ˵񲻴ãĪСһȻôЩأ
ֿһ£ĪӵӣҸطú˵˵ɣ
ôˣĪһʱûת䣬ҪûԣҪЩջ˵֪֪׵˼أһӾ˵﷢ˡ
Ȼûףͱˡ
˸˵ĵطſʼ֮ǰĻ⣬ϸԼҵŵ㣺ҼǳСӣҼǳСӣҲ㿴ųģôҲҲ֪֪׵ģҶСҲϲͺ޲ø㻻ӣСŮãȢǼң֤Сί˵ӶϲС˵С޵ǼңǼҾͷּңָСίʲôϱĥ¶ָܷٲãǻأǰɣɶˣҲġ
ƵҲ棬Ҳ˵ʵӣҲ̫ƽҲԲ˿ǸׯӸСׯӸ϶ϴϼҵ⣬һͷٸϴׯӣǮϾԺҲҪ;ģ
صСڻ˵ϻлģ㿴ôҼҰСҲ⣬ܳӣҼǳСָɶСĻв
һİԼŵ˵˳ٱһĪЩ󣺡Ҫ˵㿴ɶµˣҲͲ˵ˣϾǼũ˼ңҲȲãҲҸ˵Ҫ˵㿴Щ˼ңҲͺƤһᣡǼҼҷͺãҲˣϴ϶ϱģСǰ⣬ԺָСҲЩ֣ɾͶߣҲ˵ҲǸؼңЩǷ紵͵¶ָܿ˻СҲĵ˵˼զͲ˵ˣ˵вⶼ֪ҲûദɶͿǼһ棬ÿס𣿡
ؼǳСӣӴͱˣСأԭ˵ҪСҶĥˣҲӰǳСӿԣᣬ쿼ôһ˵˾ըˣҪȥţҸˣҲûиԼҶӣҪʤ㣡
ĪƵĻҲͷ﷢⺢ͦģǰûǮʱ˵ˣѧУʱҲͦչģҼҾҲ൱﷢˵ģȥҲί뷼ҲʶʱһּңĪԹԼСӡ
ӵƷŵģⶫۼΪʵ﷢ƷҲţ⺢ȻһЩƷԺҲл˵ĻǸã


ʮ һ
ּ֮ľʮ»һҲ¶Īӵ磬ȷʵǺãҲǲģȻ⣬ȻǼõġֻҲ֪ϾһӵĴ¶ؿһ£
ĵͷӦõģȷʵȥһ£û£㲻ҲûϵûԵ֣ʵ֪Īӿ϶ҪȥһĪҪǸҲֱ˵ˣڽɫһҲüɻ䣬Ȼ˵ӵĻ
˵ѡ̫Īӵˣĥһ£ЩסˣؼҸŮ˵˵һԼҿĺӣĪӻ᲻̣ʵҪҲûеģ˵أǼҲǮҪԼҹŮǮ࣬˵ԼҹŮȽϽ﷢Ƚϲȵȵġ
ĪֱӸ˵ǼҵȵȣҪһȥ
һ¾֪ĪΪʲô£ȻֺǺǵĵͷӦˣĪӱ𼱣ʲô£Եȵ
ĪϾԼؼˣĪСֵܣ
ôˣÿĪӻҲһϲûɣó棿ʲô
ɣĪӵͷѾЩˣﶼԹˡ
ǴЦõţ±⣬͸±棡
УĪӵӶˣҲûϿõı顣
ȥԸˣĪӻĪĪʫӨǾȵģǼĪôˡ
ĪЦǺǵĵеһ£˵ĪҲҪãĪӴȸ˵˵
Ī˵ЦǺǵģµӣҲͲˣҪȥ﹫õҵЩذ
ûһˣĪӳԵģǴЦĶĪӵãһ£һ£
ʲô£Īӵ
Ļ£˵ţҲûע⵽Īӵı飺Լȥ֣һЩʲôأȴû뵽翴
Īӵı͸ˣѿȥŵɶҲ
ҲöЩУ⻰ʲô˼
ĪҲ˲ϳˣңҲ˵أҲ˵
⻰Ҳ⣬ͦ˵ģһŮټܲ˵ԼҹŮǺõģõ޲ȥ
οҲ޲ȥˣһңǶǼΪ˼ңտ˵ˣأңҽã޲ϰߣҲ֪֪ף⺢ӻأŮ޹ȥҲί˵տҲҪˣָɾͱأԺŮ̫̫
ԼҲõòá
Ҫ˵ңҲȻũң൱ӦûտҿɣҲ﷢ûпʲôģһͱȽСһ﷢ĪƷɻ֪֪ͬף˻ദǺѣദ֪֪ײ˵﷢Ҳ˵ǿųģ˽⣬֪Ǹĵĺӣ͸ûвĵˡ
﷢ȻǶˣȴ˸ƣҲԣһǸܵСӣ
ĪҲ˵㣬ֻϸһ룬ЦûôףȲ˵̵ģؼĪأ֪Īعȥ
⻰ô˵ģ
Īӵȳԣ˵
Īӳ棬ðȥĪӣղ˵⻰ʲô˼Ǿʲô𣿡
ǣߣˣǵ˵õģҪԼĻģĪ˵
ǾͰйʣҾᷴԵģΨһҪĵҪѡ˭Ҫ˵ȻûпţɸʱϵҲ൱֪֪׵ҲίĻҲܲΪأСС;ѾˣԺ϶ˣǼҲ֪֪׵ģҲܲǵտҹز֪᲻ϣܲˣ˵
Īӵͷ˵ЩǾˣǽʰɣ˵룬ãã˵ģǵ˵ô𣿡
ɻĿĪӣʲô˼
Īӵ˵ǰԼģ⡣Ȼ˵޹ȥϸǷּңԼҾʲô˼Ҫտû˼αأ
ϸ룬ҡͷû˵¶絹Ǹ˵տүӺ˵޹ȥҲˣ϶ԼҺӴ



ʮ ܾ
ּ֮ľʮ¾ܾĪЩԥˣտỹǲ᣿
տҵ¶ȻǾ͡ˣĪЩԥ
ӿǵĶԺĪӻ᲻ù˵˵ȴûǱģ˵տڣڿɱ﷢öˣⲢӿصģⷽ涼пɱԣ˵ڷ˿һġ
ⲻðɣõҪ˵﷢Ī㣬˵﷢ӷֲ٣ϲ۹ĺҲ˵˵һ£ҲԲסտңԵֵ¶˭׼
ĪЩԥӦûϵɣ
Ǵ¶ҾòȻǶ˵˵ô£ҪؾҲûأõǿÿⶫҪûԵ֣ҪûԵ֣Ҳû취£ֱܲŤҪˣҲֻ˵ԷƷ֪
Ī鷿дҵ﹫ڱһڿһ֪ʲôҲڿĪʫӨҲ֣ջǺܺгġ
Ī鷿ͦݳ޵ģĪ͵Ʋãһӵ˺üյʵѾˣĪʵǲ֪ôĪҲֻ͵ƣ͵ƻһζѬ۾ۣ
ĪɶʱԼȻŪأŪҲŪƾɣţƾǸõѡ񣬲ʱĲҲ󣬶ұвҪúһôŪǾƾƱãȼûζ
Īܲˣдˣȥϴϴ˯ɣˣĪ˿ĪʫӨĪʫӨʫӨддˣۣ
һ£õ
ĪתͷˣĪʫӨһ𺰣֪ʲô¡
һȥǷ䣬Ī֪϶Ҫ˵ʲôˣֻ²ѵĻˣ
ɶĪ̲סͷܰɣҸ﷢ҲͬѧͬĹϵûʲô飡˵տǾǸھӼҵĸ磬ûʲôϵˣ˰ɣ
ôأĪӻû˵أþȰ󶼼տҸǶ֪֪ףҪ˵տҿ϶ҺãǸţԺҲֻ̫̫ܵܵտҹػ᲻̫ϣίȻȲտңǼ൱ҲûôĹأȥҲһЩ
õ⺢ӶҲģ㴦ʱ䳤ﶼԺûģõˣҪͿǿǣ
Ī뿼ǣûãûʲô˵˼ɱȥˣϱ֮ԶУһϱ㶼ҲһŸϱ֮ĸŮһģΪҹϵһģ˰ɣ
Ȼʱŷìô죿ҹϵôãԷίأ
ͲˣҾǻɣĪûô;ܾˣܾ
ûˣ޴ĿĪӣȻǼϣĪϣ˵仰ɣ
ĪӾ֪ûôףΪʲô֪֪
ĪʣǾʲô˵ʵҲǵ￪ҲܾܲؾҰɣտңܳɣҲǼҸˣҸǼ൱ҲǲѡҪߵΪʲô
ĪִŵķؾϣĪֻ룬ҾԽǹϵõԽҪ׼ңżҸѼǲһģŶԶϱŮһȻˣҲŸϱ϶ìܣҸ֮ìˣӰ֮ĹϵαأֲҲ˼ң
ǵѡҰɣһǰ⺢Ҳ㣬ҲĵҲﲮ˵ˣ޹ȥǼҾͷּңʱԶˣϱ֮ͲìˣĪӽ
ĪʧܣǾ͸ܻ˼ˣ
Ҳ̲סȰǰҸտҶѵõĺ˼ңײ˵Ҳǿųģ֪֪ףǶԼҲ֪֪ףҹϵãҲŷ޹ȥϱ֮ìܣĸģҲЩ棡
ĪһεķǾܾ˰ɣΪ˼Ǻ˼ңҾҲŲܻǣо仰ô˵ô˭гǾһŮŮ軵ټȥ˼ңȻŮȥǣ
ȻĪӸöûûĪƮƮһܾ



ʮ ˵
ּ֮ľʮ˵ϾҪֻˣҶ֪Ī֮ǰŮװ飬⣬˵¶ҲǶϷԼҲǶԷϽܣȻǺãܾˡ
ĪӾⲻʲô£ԷӦܽܣ˵¶ǹԼ̫ˣ
˵ĪӸһܵģĪþĵ˵ʵŮϲǣ˰ɣ
⻰һĪӸöû˵һĪӲĪ˵ʵǲǲˣ
Ī˿ɫĵͷ˵ʵȷʵǲˣҾüûʲôõģǮԼͻᣬԼҲУҲϼҲˣȱˣҲ̣Һαȥأ޷ô죿ҼˣҲûɣҲм˵ıҪ
ĪһȻˣһĲţģȻǴ᣺ﺦ㣡þǵĪŮװôãĪҲ˵ͷĸŮ˼ĸŮˣ
ЩŽ˵˵ģǶǿķǣ߶ѣ
ĪĿܣöĪǺߣĲˣʹˣú
һĪͷۣ̲סˣ룬ԼҲ̫ˣһԺϲģأ
˿ڴʣȱ𼱣ʵɣҲǲޣ
ޣʣһϲ
Ī˵Լ޼һ
ĪӿһøĪȻֶԸŮҪӲУûü˼ôȰأӾŮĿڡ
ĪӲͷƤͷţǰɣ
ǾʹҸտһϵ
Ī
һεãıƻƣҪ֪ûʲôۣҪǲõļƲˣ
Īæȱ𼱣˵
ĪԼҲ¶Ǹѻ˵ˣ˵ʵɣǲ˵ģǰɣʵģҲǲУ
ǺʵģտҸҲͶͦʵ𣿡üеĵ
Īҡҡͷ˵ϲصģ롭ĪһĪӣĪӽʮ꣬ǰʱʮˣټ߶ôˣôҲҪʮɣҪʮ壬ĪãҲһ⡣
Ȼ˵˵ȥЩףﲻܰɣҪ˵Ҫץˣ
Ī˸˵֮ҪҴģȻɣϲģǿģȻˣԵҲ˵׼֮ҪϲĲУϲͲޣʵҲ֪ԼҪĺѣҵҪܸߵģҶҵһ벻ʲôϣ
Ȼ˵ˣֻҪĪϼ޾ͺá
ṩѡͦõҲҲأ
УǮûҶ࣬ȻˣصҲϲĪûʲôо
ǰҲѧ˵ȭŹ򣡡ĪӵҲ㣡
˱ҸߣûҺʹУǮҲûҶ࣬Ȼˣص㻹Ǿ仰ҲϲȻЩڶ⣡Ī
йȻǺѸ㣡
ĪĪȷȷҶҪǵȥǣ
Īͷȷǻǻ˰ɣ˵䲻ϣʵտǸˣҸղ˵ЩҲģ˵䲻ϣˣǸûصģµʱ಻ϰߣտǰԶȢаϱá
˽ģտǱ˺ܴϣģܶĶϱû뷨뵽Īֽü䣺Ǳտף˵ңܾտúãտ϶кܴԿ϶ҪȢټС㣬ҲȽаҾָտ壬տ̫үүأ
ȻΪʲôǰտ𣬷տ̫үүͦϲģĪ
Ī˼Ů˵Ļпܣףȷʵǲ
㶣ҲûӰɣȻտˣ϶ҲģҿɫҲûʲôǿģ
ǿ϶ҲտųģЩ飬տֲʲôˣ溢Ӵ֮飬տȻ⣬ҲԽܣȻǿˣ
þúЩҲıģҪտйŮҪ˵ԼңҲһ
Ī˵ͨãתĪӣҾﲮָҲһأȻ֮ǰҲûﲮ䵹п䣬ҲûҸϱĵز



ʮ ӶȤ
ּ֮ľʮ¿ӶȤͻﲮ˵䣬﷢ֵøõģԺ﷢;ĻиټСϱҲһЩҶ﷢Ҳûоܸл﷢ʶĪ˵
ĪӵͷȻѾǾ˰ɣŮҲû취
Щǵĵ㵽Ҫʲôģ
Ҳ˵ҪϲģҪصģȻ׵ģصŵģúÿҲ̫ÿģҪøߵģĲҪҪŵģǮûǮҲǺҪصҪĪ
ҪǸִĪ˵Ա磺ģҸʯ壬զأ
ʵĪҲƹˤڹŴûʲô޵ģϾŴûģܲˣ͵ģŲأ
ĪˣȴĪԸĸ
øĪԣǺģ֮ǰĪԵףŮεĽˡ
ȵĪ뿪ԺòǳĶĪӵô찡ôŮ˵ѡأҪúÿҪģҪÿҪ˵﷢տҲҲͦİĪһ
˵ǲǲޣŹ˵ģõ
ĪҲ̾ҰɣҵģҲУ˵ǲǹģҲ֪֪ԼŮ۹ɲͣ
ߣƻûؼң﷢ﳤ˲һֱȣò׵ȵƻˣȲĴܵƵǰһʣôôĪզ˵ģ
ӴСӣѵãûôϵӭӣТ˳ȡЦҲֶϱ˵
﷢ɲܣ֣˵˵Īզ˵ģ
ƹѽȥæһˣɶʻˣۻˣҲ֪˸ˮ͵ԵĲ
﷢Σ֪ǹģΪ֪ϢҲֻЭûϳһ̵ܻؼȥϵˮˣ
ֺֺЦɵСӣȽϿɣ
﷢ȴû뵽ܵͷ󺹶˲ϣȸƵһˮȻŵˮƵ㲻ֶֿȰȻϽҡ
̲ס﷢һ£Сӣˮộ㻹ӺȣǾ̲ǰɣ
﷢ðɣˡ
﷢ϵǵ˵˵Īզ˵ģ
﷢ץģŴ󷢴ȱĵĪ尡˵Ҫһ£ƵģȻϸҵĳؼҵģҹĪӦǻȥˡ
﷢Щʧ
ȴô﷢ǰҾĪ˵ӦЩϣҲ㣬㿴Сǣٿ㣬ҽ쿴СǶȥϿΣ㻹ڼЪţҾĪҪǿͬ⣡
﷢Щɵۣæ͵ǰҲ룬ⲻͯԸտ֪СľҪȥϿΣôҲЪ
ƺǺһЦû˵ʲô
﷢Ϳʼˣ⣿ҪȥϿΰɣ
㲻ҪúЪ𣿻ǺúЪһЪʡ̫ˣƷȰ
﷢ҡͷˣˣһ㶼࣡
ҪͶЪ죬ûµģƺܺͰ·һȸһ㡣
﷢ĵ࣬࣬࣬æǮǣˣʲô
ŶȻ࣬Ǿȥϰɣʣᷴ˰ɣ
ģ﷢ҵƷ㻹𣿡﷢ظ֤
οĵͷǾͺã
Ȼװ·ոʲôƵĵŶˣ˸㣬Ҿ˵׼Īͻһظǵݵʱٸɣ
﷢ɫһ
﷢̲סԹˣҺ
㿴⺢ӣ˵ɶӶɶˣƲŲأˮҲûôˣƵһڡ
﷢ˣϸϵǲӵģô죿
룬첻ȻһڼЪЪɣģͯԺͦ۵ģ﷢
ƾܾˣɲУԼ˵õģȥϿεģҿû㣬Ҳ˵˲ڵģ
﷢ˣҸղ˵ɶˣôǵˣ
﷢ûȥѧö飬׶ӶһƱ֤ˣЪһ죬ǻͷ¿ɼҪϼΡ
˵ӶӲǶĪϱƻͦŽģԵڶȥĪˡ



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮµĪӿˣ
ĪһǸ飬Ƶ۵һһڳԷĪС١ĪСܻĪСȲһʱˡ
ĪһǸƵϣ磬˵£ɣ
Ǹúӣ䲻ϣĪӵ
Ƶһʵӣ˵ʵô£Щ׻ǾͲ˵ˣСʲô𣿡
ǣ磬֮䲻ϰĪӿЦʵҲ֪Īôġ
ʣӣͱˣ൱Ҫ˵䲻ϣҲǰ䲻ϣҪʵ˵Сϣһţ̫ˣ
ĪӿЦ磬ǿ϶ܣôǰ䲻ϣ˵ʱҲܻϲ磬Ҳ˵ʱɣҲ֪ʲôǲͬ⣬˵֮ͬ꣬û뷨Բɣ
룺Ҳɣ
ǰôǣĪѵƵ磬Ҳ֪ɣҲҸöðǲĶ󣬿ǲͬ⣡
Ҹʹˣ˵֮ͬ꣬ûġĪӵ漰ĪֵԺпܳΪ׼ңԡ
ĪƽĴ£ƵһЩ벻͸Ī
ǺðɣûԵ֣Ҳûа취飡Ī˵ʵĶĪżؼңֻҲ֪һû˵
ͦźģֻ뵽ڼϢĶӣЩء
ʲôͬ⣿ʲô𣿡﷢Ȼܼ
ƺȵ£զɶ﷢侲һЩ̾⣬ſСǱߵ⣬ҲˣܹСûԵ֣
ҲţҪȥǿʲô𣿻ǾҲϽ죬ȥ飡﷢Ȼ뵽ѧϰ⣬ʱͰ͵ĵ
ƿżĶӣȻˣС˵ֻ֮ͬ꣬㣬Ī˵С䲻㡣
ҲţҸСͦĵģô֮ͬˣ﷢Ȼˣԭ֮ĶҲ֮ͬꡣ
ҪȥʣҪȥˣ﷢Ͱ͵Ŀơ
̾ȥʰɣ𳳳µģʹСϱҲѣԺ󲻺üˣ
﷢ȴ£ҾͲҾҪ£üü޸ң˵Ťˡ
Ҳ˲æں濴﷢źݣɳˣһ仰˵ĵˣֻȴˡ
ƶЦˣ٣СӣӷʲôأҲǿģȻӲ㣡
﷢ȷʵʹ죬Īεľء
ĸ̸Īˬûһ£ϸøﻹøĪӷҪȥĪƨɡ
﷢ҹʱĪϾ顣
﷢Ҳ˲鷿ûڣ鷿ҲûھˣһĵĿĪʵ㣬Ϊʲôͬ⣿
﷢Ҳɵӣ֪¶ֻĪԼĪӲŸô˵
ĪԼĪ˸ĺͷ﷢ҲЩͷۡ
﷢ʣǲǾ䲻㣿ҲϽҿԸĵģվȥȥԺ飬Һúѧϰһ㵱̫̫ϲǮȽϲǮɣҲˣȥ̣ȥȻҲᣬҿѧϲʲôңһŬģһģ
ĪЩжģôһֿ꣬ϲ㣬Ȼ˵ҪʲôûҲᾡȥԸ룡
Īþĵ﷢Ҹɣʵ֮ͬ꣬ϲ㣬ҵϲǶ֮ͬ䣬֮ϲŮ֮ϲԸ䲻ϣûйϵ
ģǾһָоϲһˣҲںƶǸǷйȻˣЩϿ϶ӷֲ٣ҲĪصġ
ʵĪ˵ô࣬صĻǸоǰǸǰ򣬼ҾУҲǼǺÿ־ģȻרһͼˡ
Īжĵллϲġʵ˵һܺõѡ񣬲ƭ㣡Ϊ֪ĺãҲܺ㣬ϣһܸɪӣңҶ㲻κεİɪȻˣαأ



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮ﷢ĵҲţƭңôлģΪʲôǲɪ㶼ûм޸ңô֪У˵ʵﲻã
ĪΣ﷢Ĳ㲻ãҲãģ̬⡣Ҹ˵ʵɣʵҾûˣҾǮԼУҲԼҲУܱԼҲҪһɷңҪĿռ䣬ʲô͸ʲôɽ˻飬ΧżͥΧźӣ
﷢ҲԣҳǮ㣬ҲûпϹѧϰҲ㣬ʲôҾʲôģ㲻ҪӣǾ͹̣ʲôҿģ
Ī﷢ȻģҡҡͷҲ˵Ժ󲻻ˣĲ޸㣬˵ʲôΪãҲΪԼҶûоûоҪˣһҪϲģҲϲҵģңҲֻһʱĴңʱ嵭һеģ
˭˵Ǵ㲻ңô֪ʲô뷨Ϊʲô޸ңңûãǲǣ﷢ǻ顣
Īε﷢Ĳǣ
ǣһõģһᣬģԺŬѧϰҲȥ⣬ʲôʲô﷢֣صĵҲ㣬ģԣ޸Ұɣ
﷢˵Īҡͷתһ˼룬Լ˵ɰĽٵˣ﷢˵ˣڰ·ˣ﷢ΪЩˣ
Īס﷢Ҳһĵ﷢˵ĲģʵԼҲ֪ԼҪʲôģϲ㣬ΪЩϲһˣؤҶϲģģϲһָоϲңҲϲ㣬ЩܿƵģġԸǸԲһԣҲʲôùԺһõĹģ
﷢ȴͻȻĪңҪҸֻܼ޸ˣ
﷢鶶Īͷۣ﷢ú˵Ȼˣ
﷢һǷ˼ַ·ַ·˵ĪΪʲôΪʲôͲϲң㶼˵Һܺãƭӣһƭӣ
﷢ǸӺҪΪԼΪĸĸʲôˣѣͬѣʲôˣ˵ˣҲϲ㣬Ҿǲϲ㣡Īĵĵ
﷢ĪһԵĵĪҲһ̹Ȼֱӣûа飬ûаΡ
﷢ۿתһԲˣ
ʱԺҲ֪û﷢ҲûкֱӾˣˡ
Ī﷢뿪װµļǰдȴʱʱİĿͶ﷢﷢ҲЩģ﷢ԺӣĪŸϽܳͥԺҲûܡ
ϽȥԪԪҸԶԶĸ﷢Ҫȷ﷢صׯϣ﷢ǻׯӣҪϽȥҽˡ
ĺܷ꣬ʵʱüͷһģôûôǵģûò
룬̲סȥĪԸԪĻ̲סҶˣ
ĪĪĿһǲŸճԹ緹ûԱǾͽг棬ԼɶʲôгĪҲܲãй

Ҳ֪ʲôȻԼ⻰˵Щɵ
㶼֪Լʲô֪ʲô𣿿ǲ£Ȼطˣ˵꣬ĪȥʰԼĸӣͻطˣܾ﷢ڣǿųֿ
ĪҲ̲סˣܲˬķ̵Ҫ᲻ãǾ׷ȥʲô
ʲôʲô£ĪҲˬĵõģûϽͣ㱻

ˣһڣϵһ˦˭ˣߣ˭ˣ˭鰮ģҲҪҪģ㲻ҪֱӸϳȥߴߴʲô
֪ĪǸĪ棬ֱĪžİѷһأŶݺݵĵ˷һۣˡ
˵ţ㲻ҸƫҪߣƾɶġ
ˣĪ徻ˣҲûã뵽﷢̲ס̾
ûԶ˸ˬˣȥĪ̬ȣйˡ
ԸԪʱ򣬾ͺһԪľսģ﹫źȥʱԶԶͿ˻ˬʵôˣ



ʮ ִ
ּ֮ľʮִҡҡͷûʲôЩ꣡ȣϻˣ
﹫Ҳû¾ˡ
ûͷЩֵֹģҲû⣬ÿǴ
鵹ǻãȻĪƨˣķӦǿˣƽĽˣûȰ
þ֪ﻹ˵Ī˵һ
һ֮ҲЩʧ䣬ԭΪԼŮҶϲţ
˷øĪ˵˽ĪʵµˣԵͷҲûϣ﷢飬Īȴû˵ġ
﷢ڶˣĪ澪ˣΪ﷢أ
ĪһɫȹɫߣСvʽģɫ滹һ㱡İɴӯƯһƮƮɵļӸУ
ͷͬɫľ˼򵥵ķ٣󲿷ֵͷɢŵģԽİ𪣬˾Ө͸ĸо˵ľޣ
﷢Ŀޣһɲǵʧ񣬾þûز
ĪȻԼװЧҲ﷢ʲô£
þȵĿ﷢ȻֿԼŮʵ緹𣿲ȻһԵɣ
ôѣ﷢ŻعĪˣܸ˵仰˵ҾȥԺˣ
﷢һһۣû﷢յ﷢СӾǸɫĪôʱ䣬ɫʲô
Ȼ֮ǰԼϿĪʱҲĿޣһزҲû﷢ö٣
﹫˲ͬķӦϸЦݣпţᣬã
﹫ζĿдҲˬͲֱ˵һۣƵһࡣ
ûĵðʲô¶Ǻú˵𳳼ܣö
˾ˣĪ룬﷢ȥ鷿ҶڳԷ鷿ûˡ
һĺ꣬Ŷõҳˣˣ˶ԪҪЩȥˣȥԸ
ԱҪûԱȥ˻ٳԵ㣡Ҳû룬ʵ
Աˣˣ
ţ߰ɣõ
﹫ζĿıӰٴθпᣬã
㣬˵㲻𣿡﷢ʡ
ĪͷģĪʵϵĵ
﷢۾ˣǣˣ޸ҺòãȿҺòã
Ī˵ãɿ﷢ŵ㰧ɫҲЩˡ
ĪҲº﷢ԻǺݺĵľܾãһҪϲأ
Ī﷢˵ҲϲģϲģҾˣҲܴӦ㣡
﷢ԻִţĵҲûأܲһûϲģͲ˰ɣ˵ĪҪ˵﷢ܾĻֿͰ͵ĵ˵ˣϲģȿңǾͼ޸ң𣿡
ôı΢ֻΪһϧ
ĪȻһᣬݺݵĴ﷢һ£ɵɵαôִأʲôõģֽҲŮ죬Ȣɶõģ
﷢ĪޣЩۣԺĵңҲ֪Ҿ;ã㻶ϲ㲻˵Щǿϲ㣬ҲҿƵģ
﷢ĵ˵òãû飬ϲòã
Ī޵﷢ҿԴӦ㣬ҲҪӦң
ã˵˵ʲôҶӦ﷢̲סĨһĪ᣺ޣޣۣ룺ǲҲЩϲңԲŻޣ
ʵͦ˿ĪģȻĪۣȴĪаϣ
Ī涵Ŀ﷢ҪӦңңȥģҲҵģһ죬㻹ûҵϲģҲûҵϲģˣҾͼ޸㣬ȥϲģ𣿡
﷢˼ľ͵ͷԣȻЦˣ֣Щ֪룬뱧Īֵֻܸ˵ΧĪתȦȦɵɵĵסˣǶûϲģˣͼ޸ң
ҲҪȢң㲻ȢңҾͲˣĪ
﷢ֻģģ
ȴӦĪĵ
﷢ͷããҴӦҶӦֻҪӦ޸ң
﷢Ц÷ɵĪ̲ס֣ɵӣ
﷢ЦøˣȻȻЩ𣺡ҺȻԼЩ˵һۡ



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮΪʲôΪҿޣȴ͵͵ģҾôޣΪҿޣǲЩϲң룬ҲЩأ뵽Ҿ;Щϣޣ˵ǲǺܻҲѹ㲻ϲң
Ī﷢ᣬɵӣﰮô΢ȻԷϲͲҪִŰ
΢﷢ĪĪֻ֣СɵӣˣȥԺɣٲȥˣҪǳٵǷӲ㣡
﷢ȴ֪ĪûЦúܲãͷţȴ
Ī﷢ϵĲãҲһ㣬﷢ĪЩ֣ߣ
㣬ܲң˵꣬﷢Īæߣߣ
ĪΣ﷢ôģҲ˳˳⣺߰ɣ
﷢ɵÿĵúٺЦ࿪ˡ
˿ĵطȴȭͷĵķ꣬ǿһ㣬Ҫ˺⻭ĳ嶯֪Լ˶ſסԼĳ嶯ԼҪȥ
Ī﷢˵̲̾סˣǰķ̵ô᲻ãһȥ͵Ժʲôôɴ͵Ժȥ
ĪĪĿһۣƸ磬ըҩˣģ˭˵᲻ã
û᲻ãʲôŮˣǣǿķǣ̵
ôˣ޳ҴˣҸ˿ޣޣʲô£ĪҲֱ˻ȥ
ҿķզˣķǣë˭Сˣ㲻˾ͳ㣡
Ǻһҭϵıӵĳȥ׷ȥ˼֪ǻ𣿡
ĪǺһ⣬ܵȥȥȥͲȥʲô£ÿ˵ţĪҲˬĺһѣƵһģˡ
ģĪ˶ᣬĪͲĪҲν㲻˵Ҳ˵˭Сٰ
ĪֻĪúõҸ˵ģҲ磬˭ǷģŲأ˵ͱ˵
ݣĪӴӻˣͬʱһĻտտþһ¡
ĪԸʹӸһտס¡
ĪҲȣû˵ʲô
һ㣬ҲǵģҲǰ˵һ£Ȼ׼㰮ԵĲˣǸ
տûµģҶԣЩҲͦóԵģ
ҹ˾ʱòĪӣ⣬ôˣΪİɣ
Īͷ۵ĵͷ֪˵Ҳǣ
øĪ˵һ﷢ҹ飺˵ʲôҲ֪ҿۿˡ
Īӻ治֪һ磺ҿ﷢úõģԷʱҲͦĵģҲû˵ʲôΪȥأ
ĪھһŮټҲͷۣԼҹŮһʱ򣬸ͷۣ
ǲӦˣò־òܣҪǴӦĻҲ᲻˵
ĪӵͷӦ˵ʲôû˵Ǿ͵֪ɣ
ĪͷˣֻԱĵˣǺԼ£ԼȥɣǱˣҲܲˣ
ĪԼҲ²أòտΪģϾƽտǽӴҲֵ࣬ҲǣЩ飬ֻտҲȥ鷿ʱ򣬵ͷд֣װԼдʵķҵģдЩʲôͲ֪
տ·ȻһеЦЦҲĪθڣãĪ˵дһµģ֪ܲøҿҵģɨ鷿һۣûرĪģ֪ˡ
ðҷȥãտһ£Ī
տõģллҸȥðɣȻǶ಻˼
Īɵöһ£Ǻã
˳ȥ鷿ʱһƬžֻĪСڸ˽Ȼ﹫һһ£Σһ
ĪСһϵ﹫תתû˵﹫֪Сʲôˣ͵㲻˵˵ʲôûãЩˣүүǳȥȻָĪСܵ㿴磬˼ƪˣ⼸⻹ûһأ
ĪСҪԣҲûˣֻʵʵļ⣬Сϸߡ
ĪˣЩ﹫ɲңϾĪӸĪСٶ﹫Ҳ𾴣ƽҪ̸һ״ƨɾҪ˵Ҫ߶߶ѵþá



ʮ տ
ּ֮ľʮտĪСջ˼Ŀ⣬רע鱾ϡ
ĪСܵãȻ̧ͷʲô
žʱ򣬴һֽű˺ѵ˶ԼæͣǸСõ־Щ˵ţȴ鱾ˣӰԵЩǱ
ʵǱͱıˣ֪֪ʱʲôΪֻ﷢һȴû뵽һŮˣ˶ˣ
ŭŮ˾Ͳֵܰ𣿲ʧȥ䣬֪ôģʲô¾޼ɵǱˣ
ĪСٴ˼ĪСãȻĿıӰ⣺˺ԺӦʰһô鱾ˣ
﹫ĪСǰӣдˣʲôÿģһСƨ
ĪСٴλĽĿһ﹫ָܵܵȻջ񣬼飬ȴ֪﹫ûʲôӦĪСһۣЩ⣡
Ī鱾ݸտտ磬տҲϲ𣿡
Ȼˣдôÿ˭ϲǽͷβ˵Ƕڽ
ĪʵǺεģ°ˣ뵱֪־òܣֻܸɰͰ͵ĵ
տȴߣĪ£ɣ൱СÿҶеģдԼѣȥǰֲεĵط
ȻˣĪ
տõҲûʼȴĪĪˣտ磬˵ͷҪˣ
տȴǺĵãүүȥ֣ûʲôģ˵Ķȥˡ
Ŷ𣿡ĪɰͰ͵ģҪƽӴҲ٣Ҳ֪ʲôģֲտ㶢ҿʲôĿտӡ
Ϊʲôҿңտڿһ⣬Īɿ
ûҲûʲôҵġĪȴûտӡ
տʣô£
ûаĪﰵп࣬ʲô£ʲô˵ΰĪץ
տٶĪˣ·ĪƵĵҶ˵ˣ
˵ʲôĪΣԼҪװ֪
Ҷ̫үү˵ˣտҲȦˣʵΪʲôʵտү˵ģտүӸ˵ʱɸտˡ
ʲôΪʲôĪ룺ԼӦװ
տװɵ˵Ҳͬ⣬Ҿ㲻ͬ⣬Ϊʲôͬ⣿
Ī֪ˣԼװɵˣεһЦտ磬ǼʵˣҾôãôˣֵøõģ
ⲻɣȻҶˣٻң˼𣿡տʣ˵ɣʲôɣ
Īεͷտ磬㣬ңľøʲϣԺ߹;ģȢаӲ
أտʣĸ׵Ĵǲ֪
УоǣҲûʲô飬Ȼˣʶңͦ˵ģҲܸлҲ䣡Ī
ûտΪΪ㿴ң
ĪտϬҪ˵治ôһ¡
Ȼˣտ˵Ц˰ɣҪ濴ϣҲ㿴ҰôһëѾͷ㣡ȻˣҲⲻǿϿϵ⣬ؼ㲻ϲңҲϲ㣬ǹؼĪ˵Ҳ˵ʵˡ
˵տֶԼһƫƫ˼Ϊʲôֿңɶ
տһŲߣĵĵ˭˵Ҳϲ㣿
Īɵۣտտ磬㿪ЦɣһǿЦģ𰡣ƽҲûжܻӭͻȻ䣺ҶһǸĺıʲô
տŹĪʣأҲҪӵ
㲻ϲţΪʲôҲϲ㣿տĪװɵԣҪñӿͷϣĹ
ɣҲûǣտ磬ĴϲңƽҲô棬ҲٸǽӴĪͼ˦⣬ҼҶ٣
տȴܿץס⣺ǣ˵ϲأ⿴ҵı֣Ҳ֪ҲϲˣʵϣҾԼϲģ
ұֵĲȻңҿҵأʮҲҪ֣̫үүүүҵȫ˶ҼҲܹ˶ҵÿȥҼңʱǣҲ˸Ͷ𣿡տ



ʮһ 
ּ֮ľʮһԣܸ𣿡տʡ
տĻĪȻϲĪòϲɣտҲǶѹܾǱܾӡ
Īտտ磬ΪʲôϲңĪǾòţȷôտ磬Ǳܾأ
Լ룬Ͷ㻹ʲôıûУĪ׷ʵ
տƵĵʵϲˣֻ㲻֪ѣ̫үүһֱϲտʼ֪ʱ򣬾Ͷͣ˵ǸŮӣ̫үүһֱ˵ҪƸϱϱһֱûʲôɵ̫үү˵ʱҾ㣬ҲԣԽܡ
Ī겻ˣúˣΪָʲôŭԹ¶ˣ
Ī˿տ磬ˣΪϲأ
տ
տЩԹ˦ұ
Ī֣տ磬ҿɲҸ˵ɲϲЩøУôһʶģʵˣЩ飬Ծÿԡ
ĪҲɵ˵˦˦
Īտһɲŵģ
ĪһĿտ϶ĵտ磬㿴һԲ˯ҲȢ𣿼˵Ҹͻվͷͷ㸸ĸүүǲͬȢңҪȢҾܾˣ˺ѷΣҪҪ𣿡ǿ϶ǲܵģʵﶼûмġ
ԼҴ𰸣𣿲ᣬ϶ᣬϲֻҸʶȻɣ־ҵԸͦʵģ㲻ԣʵϲֻǡúˣͿˡǽ鲻ģ飬һҪһϲҲϲģɪ룬ǲǺãĪ
տɻˣĪ𣿡
Īһ϶ĵģտտǲǺܺãǲɪҵﲮﲮǲǶǣЩ쳳ܴܵķޣǲǲϲŻϲֻŶԷõĻ볳𣿶ᣡ
տ̫ˣǾ㱻ˣȶ˵տ׹ֻĪһ䣺ƭֽ
տĵ̾ðɣҲѹȷʵǲôܣ
԰Ҫϲңܾ㣬ô᲻أǰɣ㿴˼˵ϲʲô費˼ģҲûУڵҲϾùȥˣס˰ǲܣǱܾûӵΣ
տеֻĵĵ㶼֪ұܾûӣΣûʲôʾ𣿡
Ī
Ī룬Ҫ˵һΣȻܾң
տĪһۣģðǱˣ
տͷ
ȻĪͼװһϲĵտ磬ϲ㣬ȢҰɣ
ðտͷӦˡ
ĪǣֵܣҪž籾
˵տվĪ֣صصסˣԼģһͷף
Īɵۣտտ磬˵õĲһðëҪץˣ
տƵߣãܾң̹
Īæǣտ߰㲻ˣأˣͷ⻰ѱôˣ
Ī˵飬տסˣտĪһӦˣҲȢ㣬İɣ
Ī֪տǱ̲סֹСۣ
տȴãĪԴӣʣô⣿Ҫǲ⣬ҾˡСѾͷң
Īˣ
ĪЦ⣬ǳ⣡
տҲĵͷСѾͷҶ
ĪţܾòԾô˶Լɿ˿ܣɣ
ںڰУ߬ȭͷڶ
ԼԭҲǸСˣҪǰ˸˵͵˵̸һţȴɵ顣
Լ̣ԼѾûйϵˣȴһֱںڣ֮ǰΪʲôͬ⣿Թ﹫ȴԼΪʲô֮ǰͬԼͬ⣬ԼδޣͲ޼ɵȥǱˣԼҲȥѱ˸ˣ
Īȥڣϵ鱾ȴƳ룬ɵõôˣ
ĪСû˵﹫ƵĵСƲС̫ˣ
ĪҲû룺Ŷô
﹫εĵǾͲ֪ˣѾͷȻͰʰһ°ɣ



ʮ ޳
ּ֮ľʮ´޳ŶãĪ
տڶ컹ûߣȻ﷢ҲˣĪĪСΪдмһɽժӣ㣬տûôĻͦĵģţȻŰҲͦĵġ
﷢оһһ룬ҲûкܿģҲûģΪǰڱŰȻŰôǵ׵ģ
ȥׯµģȴһȻûаһţȴӲǰѺúõһα޳
ĪСٺȻ鲻ã˵ԭԼĽ˳ۣȴЩͬ񾭴ģҲǲң
Ȼȫûв룬˽һǰ㣬Ҳܲµʲôͬ飡
ȻˣҲĵȥοûײǹϣûԪׯô֪Ƣж౩ꡣ
ò֪飬ûߣЩ죺СƣղҪȥׯǱ𣿡֮ǰ˵߿ŵ㣬ʵڴ˵ģٻϣҲˡ
ȻĵŶ룬ȥѵСǷż٣﷢տҲڣҪúдһ£
û̫࣬Ǿͦõģտ﷢ҪǸĪʲôìܣĻܰæһ£Ȼ˱տ﷢ѡˣֱѡˣҪûڣ޳ڲŻ޳׵ġ
֪ԼƲסĪٴӦʲôǸվš
һˣЩ֣ĪСǱȽϲģǸҳȥҲûʲôĻ壬ķӸ˵Ҫʱ۲ΧĻﶼ뻭ɽˮ桢˻ȵȵģ뻭
ҪҪʲôȥϰŻһ
ŷҲ˼ĪСܸɴϻ壬ʱ棬ڱϻ
ĪС˵һһ㶼ģʱʱ̣̿ľսĿտ﷢Լú۰˵ȫЦһº͵Ķտ﷢ǻǱģȻڼ仹տ﷢ʫȶԶӣ£
ĪС٣ۣ˵õҪöأ
տûʲôоȻĻʱֵֹģϸƷ־ԼˣҶıͦġ
տһ̾ĵû뵽ѧʶԨʰ·磡¸գҽٰͺʫᣬֲһͬμӰɣ
΢ЦžܾˣҾͲȥˣһ£Ҷ˼ˣ
ðɣвţȴǫʵտԶ˹⻷
Ī
ĪСٵ̲סŤһ£տǡ桭֣
ɫһͷ治õţ
ֻ
﷢ǱߵĸܾͺܲˣÿֶףÿҪ͵͵ĪһۣĪտʼû֣Ͱο﷢ûµģǰɣС
տ۸öûˣĸȫޣŪú棬ĪСٸɴҲѴ˵һ﷢ˮƽȻ﷢Ȼοܶ࣬һµҾͲµĸϽţ
ĪС٣
˵ĪС۲ۣ
﷢˵ʲôΪȻϲȴֺûУϾϸ룬˭˵һˣ
ȻֵĪСĿ⡣
﷢Ȼ֪զ£ôôˬأ
﷢տǺģҲһı飬ǿտɽֹĿԽԼ̫ˡ
ȻԺֿʼҪ䣬򵥣ͱĪƥȻ﷢һƥտҲһƥƥǾͱ䣻ԻȻҪľЩ
﷢ԾЩ˷ܣҪ˵ͦеģϾ˸˶񾭱ȽϷ
ĪС̲סĪ˵㣬ͲܹƸ𣿡
ʲôĪĪĿĪС١
ͺ˼Ƹһֱ۸տ﷢𣿡ĪСٵ
Īûаɣı㲻Ҳ³
ģûƸ۸ˣ㿴Ƹ磬ûô۸˵İɣ㣬һ룬Ƹ۸ɶѧʶãйǸˣ˼۸һŸһ֪ͯûпˣǲ۸𣿻б䣬㣬ˣǼҵ˭̵ģֱһڸһӱȣҲ˼



ʮ ɥĲ
ּ֮ľʮɥĲĪ룬Ȼʵǵĵûɣѧʶ˾ǲˣ﷢СЩȷʵЩ۸ˡ
̯̯֣ҵûô֪࣬Ϊʲôֹ
ֹûãֹãĪСٷ˸ۣⷽҲ̫ٶ˰ɣ
ĪŲأ˵ʲôһģܵܣãֹʲôһģƾʲôҪֹ˵ˣûƸ˭üЦģҾǱӲǱӣ۾۾ģ˵ɶɶǴҲŲײǹأ
ߣҲǽ﷢տڣõ˵Ȼ϶ƿԣ
ĪС̲סˣ㣬ͲƸڳԴ𣿡ȻΪʲôʹտ﷢۸
ĪĪĿĪС٣ĪС٣Ǻǣ֣̬ȣţ
˭Դ׶Ц崺磬ϲ˾ͺüԵ𣿿ɵƭǰɣ
ĪС٣ˣҽ㶼ɥĲĲᣬһ
տ﷢ȴûһ㱻۸ĸϽţտڶ۹Դ˾ģɶöͺĶȻţǺտȻĶҲ˧
ŪĪСҪ֪տ˼Ҫտİɣ
Ȼ﷢Ȼ䣬ⷽ棬㲻ǵ׵ˣһ˵ģϵЦݻͦŵģ
ĪС٣
ĪСٶûۿˣǵԵĴɵӸɵӣ˻Ǯ֣
ȻĪͿĪСһۣȻĪû˵ʲôĪСٻ֪Ī˼·˵̫ˣ
ĪС٣ǺǣǺǣԼ£զզɣ
տ﷢ŰһһĿԼȴһ㶼ˣܲееԾһ˼Ű
ȻǺ˼ģһ˵ȣٴչֳѧԵʣһ߸ҽ˵ô۲ۼô֪ֳ֪ʶԨ·һһ㣬ͬʱչֳֵʣ䣬鷢
ĪСٿ﷢տԵһ飬Īһƽı飬һָп˽Ҷѵĸп
ϳտ﷢ڻؼˣĪС屻ͿյĸϽţѵõĳûѧϰڴһ̫ȭԺ󣬾ϴϴ˯ˣջҪ
Ҳû࿪ģŰ֣ҪľǶǷŭʱõĿУջԵô£Լû˼
﹫Ȼûвμӽ޳ȴҲ֪һսģҪиĪСٸĪʫӨмСȰȵŽġӢ¼
Ȼ﹫˿Īһֿۣ˿ޱ̲סͬ飺еĥأ
ĪӸ˵ûʲô£ͦĵģ˴˼һڲˣȻһЦЦдο
ûöۣǾû˼ȥ鷿˻Ҳȥķҵģ˵ɴȥԺ
﹫ˣһ۹Թѧϰĺǣ߳Ķ档
СƣûԹң﹫Ǵ˻Լ֪ǳػãȻԭͬԺҲûʹΪʲô
˼ϣãȻĵ﹫˵ʲô
̣﹫ѵɲ˶Ů˽£ǾǺİ컵ˣܳûɵģʱǱһ
Ż񣺡үүղ˵ʲô
˵ûԹңԹҵӴԼ﹫ʡ
ĵүүȻûеģСֻЩɻ󲻽⣬үүΪСӻģֻСӲ֪үү⣬ȻүүľҲСͬģүүҲ֪ҵʱ֪ηӦǾ鷴תģ̫пˣĶ֪ηӦǲ֪ʲô£ôжϳʲôأ
﹫ĵͷСƣҲˣȡȷʵԼ⣬ȻĪĶˣȻܺǣ
ԭܼ򵥣ĪҶʧ£Ҫ棬Ҳ˽ˣϹ£ĪͻᴦڷǳεľأʹǼˣҲᱻῴǳ֮ΣҲĪʸȨĪ㣡
ĪûзӦִִл£ϹķӦҲͰˣȰ˵£ǸĪȻҪԼе
˼ĪзӦΪʲôӦģյĿľҪ£ĪҶϼҶá
ϼңӦ˵ģȫԱ˸ĸԺ󣬰ýƸȢĪĪ˵һأ



ʮ ϲ
ּ֮ľʮϲԽԼûһ£˵õġ
ڻȻ򣬹ȻԼȱ벻ôࡣ
﹫Ҿлүү
Ǿ֮ͣ﹫ҡͷݹͣҲǲ뿴ĪĻ֮ûõý
̲ס﹫үү˵ڸô죿
ô죿ҪˣʲôҪʲô֪ôˣ﹫Ƶĵ˵Ļ˳˼ɵסԼؿڣʲô
﹫ûǰҾѾͷֵҲǺõģң̫ˡϳɾ˵ĽֻƾоֻƾŶʹĿǵĶ̫ˡ
ʶ˵־﹫˵öԣ˵һѶѣûô棬⻰Ķ˵
ʼĪߣĪ͸ûоˣʱʵǸûûεˣ̲סЩίԼôֵüǹǸզĳСӶޣԼأͲˣҲԼһЩ
Լң
Īҡҡտ½Ϣտտı˽ʿȻûкܿǰڶʮȴҲʵʵڵǽʿˣҺܿͱڹˣһλǴ޶ȥְģҲ̫Զ͸ʡ
տҵ͵һһ˸ǷµĹǮȻտıԼĪҸңԼտıҪõļһտҳ˸ûˡ
ȻտıˣտտĻҪڸǼ飬øȥ͸տıһߡ
ߵ죬ĪҸҶͣտıĪ˵ʲô¾͸տ˵Ȼ͸үү˵ˣүүҲӦҵģ˲õġ
տĪĻû£տı֪ԺҲֻǿϧһ£ͷſˡ
ȻĪҸңĪСٸ﷢ͯĪοãɲΪ˵Ϣ
ĪҺܵ͵Լһòףһׯû룬ֻǺׯϲҲûʲôʾһҸһǹ
ұĪҾ͸ߵˣҲûôߵֱׯԷɱһֻףׯ⣬øƵġ
Ժ﷢Ǻܶõ͵ģֻõļͬԷǾ¥ĵҲеȵģûرõġ
ĪСҲ࣬˼һ¡
ϾԺͯʲôϲϡģ
ĪСٿͯĪҲͷˣĪҲǿˣڳɼҪȥĪ͸Īһߡ
Īӵ˿϶ҪģڼЩǰ;δӣĪԥһ£ûȰھĪĪȥ
ĪһĻˣĪСȰȰȻȰĪֻȥȥȴǴСģгԵõģиϵ
һ죬ֵҪӣĪһҪȥɽԭΪˣȴû뵽һ͵ˣ
Īô˵Ժ󣬺룬ӳ·µĿհڣһٷͷͣܶһһһ
סİ۹ͶĪزˣåʵһξϴμҲͦõˣĪȿȣڵ̫ˣԵǴ·ЩЧϰĪƽصĺ̲סåһѡ
ܿ죬ҲʶԼĲףһ죬ŲĪʱĿޡ
ĪԼѾ¶ݣɴͻŮװ壬ҲźڣͷøƹģͻȥҲûװˡ
ĪͲɫϵˣһɫľջУɫһɫľջʢƣͬɫɴȹ·һ˿ʸУмðɫɫջţԳƮ˵Ư˵ľޣ
ϯգôˣĪûע⵽
ʻڻǿԼ˶񣺡ơ⡭ЩΪѣһʱ䶼֪ôƺˣĪ
ĪνĵͷðҾͽ㺫ӣԷҪԼҲӦûƺ
ϵĵƺҲ̫ˣ㻹ǽϯհɣǲȻҽɣ
ǲģǿôһ˵ĪˣҲǽ⣬ʶľòס
ĪҪˣĪҽ㺫Ӱɣţƺͦõģܱ̫ǵĺã



ʮ Ű
ּ֮ľʮ´ŰɺֱӺأͲĪ˼
ô룬ΪʵƺȷʵЩ
Щʧ䣬з̫ˣ
Ī룬Ҳǣһ£ǲȻ㻹ǽĪҺ㺫ɣ
ǿͬ⡣
ôܾȣǲһֱӴ𣿡֮ǰĻ⡣
ĪǸĵŶС֮ˣһΪҵˣϾ֮ǰ㣡
İڰ֣ҲûʲôϾҲΪ˷㣬ǹģôС𣿡
Īԣ⿪Цͷǰ
һʱĿ֪࣬ôشΪĪ˵أһ㲻
סˣĪݸһЦ磬ҿЦģ
һɲǣˣʲôǳЦ⣬ˣԵ˫ڰ׷Цöġ
аˣԼʱû˶ԼⱲѧĶסԼҾ˵ô󷽣ĪﻹСҿܴˣ
ôܴҲţĪ
̲סﲻˣĪļǰҾȻǰСܲĻ𣿡
ĪԵҲû룬Цô˵ллĿ佱ҿɵҶǸСŮӣ
ûнҲûŤŤϲ佱ȴǫ飬úҿɲǿ佱˵Ķʵ
Īû£ǳǳһЦʵ̫˵ˣ
Ī˱ƱĪ˵ǶԵģʱɿְѾع˲٣Ҳ٣һǮ
ĪǵƱ۾̲סȻûһεĺʵȴҲŵӣĪĽӹƱ˱ûˣ˵ЦղűԻ˱Ͳ뿴ˣһŲ˵ǲǣ
ЦȻҹԻˣ˱ƱﻹҪ
ĪİϵƱ꣬ǧĲĵǲһԻֻһ룬ֻ뿴˱Ʊ뿴ģҵԸÿ˯˯ȻѣǮֳ
ǹ龫ֵģúĶѣװգѽ˹ȻõģӦö䣬ˣԻȷʵǹˣоһЩҹǮʡˣ
ĪҲɷµҡͷǺҲ̫С˰ɣǮҵҾٶûã
ССģҿɲ֪֪Իþˣ
ĪİƱȻԺ磬Ի̫ˡҹԻҲʡ˾˱ȥЩ˶࣬ǵõʵݵĲ棡
ʧЦҲһ˵ԣ㻹ԣ
ĪһԴǣ˵˭˵Ҳˣ˵Ӱȡ֮еǾӰƣ
̲סЦҡҡͷѾͷ˼
˷߰ɣһʱ䣺㲻˵ȥϲ¥Զ캫ãԷ
ĪЩĶǾܾˣһͲȥˣ
ʲô£ʵ
ĪȥƱ㲻£ÿ˳ǮĸоǺˬģˬҲܽΣУ鷳һЩҲΪһʱˬǮˣ
һ£û뵽𰸣̿ĵ㣬㣡úõİǮ
Ȼôģȥɣֻ֪סڽ⣬ȴ֪ںδЦŵ
ĪܾǾͲˣԼҲģڸǵΰҲãֻҲƱʵǲ
ǣЩϧĵϴαȥҼҲμʫģŮӣʵǲ㣬кͺˣ
˵ţ־òԣȻĪŮȥԼңΪʵǲ㣬ᣬŮŮĺô
Īӣʵûʲôÿϧġ
ǵǰȥҼֲȥǲҼﶼ֪
磬˵ģ㲻˵ǺҵĴôһ֪ܲ˭𣿸Ĵңô֪ܲĪǲʲôź֮ǰȥû͹ݣɲЩȨӽύݲԵȣϢԵôŮװأʱ¶ڶ
̾Ϣҡͷ㻹ĴлỹǿҼŵģôҲѰɣ



ʮ ʳ
ּ֮ľʮʳǣûʲô֮İɣ˿鷳ĪЦﲻǶʲôõŰôʲôһ㶼ŮŮǡ
û⻰ɻĿĪʲô˼
Īڰ֣ûʲôл˵ɣҲ빫ҵݣʲôʱ򣬺ʵĻţҲǵѽ˵©ˣҪݱסˣǾֻ
ʲôĪĺ˼˵żðʻҲ֪ʲô˼
Ī˼˵Ҫҵ©ˣֻ˵ټˣ
⣺ĪΪʲôݻĪʲôʵҾùûʲôģڴҶڲһǺҲ
ǣֻǡ϶ŮǶ𣡡ĪĵĵҪʵݵǮƣʢ֮ǸۣҪҲգ
ҲǣҪǸеĻãһŮ˵ĻЩظ̡
Ҳúҵݣʵ㣬ҵǸͨľˣǼҾͨũ֮ңĪ
û˿Īʱ䣬ȥ
ȻǿԵģҪǲ⣬һɣǼϳҲԶĪׯĪͷȻظһ飺ԣҵݾͱй¶ˣҲͦõģ˺棡
û飬Ī˵ȥĪĪ룬Ȼɣǵҵ˵ҵԺͶݣɣҵҵܵҲڼң
һʹӦҲʵǺ棬ʲô˼ϻ۵Ůдİ׻Ŀ˵Ǵ˽ĺѾģĸʽдˣ秵ġ
ǰ׻ģɾ֮ǰĪ˵ٽˣԭְ׻ģӦģΪıΪӱڵسֺֻЩڼߵ˵Ļʵѧǰ׻Ҳģƺһֱһĸо
Ϊ׻ͨ׶ȥԣЩֻЩʶֵ˶ööһЩϰҲȥ
ɲͰ½ײһô
ԺĪǺģ뿴ʲôĻŮ
Լʱ䣬Īͻȥˣȥŵ£ʱǲȥġ
Īߵʱϻһиıīֽ⣬ɲĪģɽ͵ģΪ˱ܣĪҲܲÿߣÿζҪЩڻʲôɽƹ׼ġ
Īߵģƿ⿴ʱĪһʳȻһľ壬дת֡
Ī˿ʳλãֳ˳Ժðɣʵλûͦģôʳȥأ
Ҫ˵ʳλԺȻԶʵǰָֽ紦ٲǰ
ĪûĻǿԿһ£˵ԼΪԭ򸻳ɸţĪһӻɹأ˸ׯӣ
ũʲôıϾȲǮ죬ֻһĶֵء
ĪԪϵͣҪȥʳʳӪҵ˲ˣĪװЪţϰһ˲ϰģΪʲôҪתá
Ī˽һ£֪ԭҵϰӵĶңףҲ⣬˭֪ҲôģʳĶóԣ˼Ȼˡ
ȥ
Īʣ;ĪȤĪǲҪӣ֤ǵ˵ģֻҪʮһ¡
ǿĪĺãһµģһѡ
Īֲɵģ˵֪ʲô£ƾϰ˵Ҫһأ˵ƾ۸ԩͷأ
ԣĪתߣȥĪӣĪӴһǸʳ顣
﷢Īˣͦ˵ģĪ˵ҪǸʳ飬ôҶ֪
֪ĪЩ档
ǰ֪Ǽʳ¶Ժˣ﷢
﷢ĻĪ֪ô£ϰȻ˺ܶû˵ԭǼԭʵҲ˵ģ
Щۺԭӵ˵⣬òȻԼ߱Ҳ׬ͷһʮ۸˭ܵסǵطҲȻͦģһ¶֪ûʮأ˼Ȼǲ¡



ʮ ٶ
ּ֮ľʮ³ٶȻǷԼˣϧˣóԣֱȱ˹һ㣬˭ˣڿɲⲻȥô
Ī룬ĪӵҾϵĵһЩҲͦõģС⣬ܱɽպãȻҲͦõģ
ĪӾÿԣһͷȥУĪӵ˼ʵЩϣܾ̹󣬲ׯӣǻƽضε̣СĶֵܵһСׯˣĸ˵ˣ̳ԼȥҲԲõģҲû̫Ǯ棬ĪǾûס
ׯӣأ˳ׯڣͺñڣĳԻ򣬼ѼԹ˴ׯԺϺˡ
ʲôģĪʡ
ʲôУҾҲʲôƽضΰɣǰ֣Ž֣ýֵȵȵĶԣߣҾҲԣҪиãҺȻи뷨ǿԿʳ̣ҽǼңҪˣҲ̫ˣĪ˵Ǽҵ̵ĶôӣĪɲ⣬ȻˣҲû⣡
ĪŽѧӾǰ⺣սʲô⣬ģˣǿԸ·ӡ
˵ʳĪ뵽˺ĸСԸͣÿԽһũҿջģʽŪһЩҲеǮģҲ˸ʲôģԼҿԲ˿ͣûǰţ꣬ȻˣţǳԲˣǿñĴ档
ȻĪϷˣϷģǸFJĶϲģǸţ̷աʲôģ˻ʿˮ
ĵطģʽĵԿһͷҲУִԽ͵ߵ󣬻ͷȽ⣬Ǹһͷ
Ī΢һ£ͷУǵͷȥߣϢˣٸ˵ǳʱȥܶһǮĵطԽ顣
ǿƵģҲʲô鷳ƣҲʲô¡
̸飬ĪҪȥˣȻЩӣǱɲЩˮص͡
﷢ĿĪıӰȴֲҳճ̫Ī
ȻĪ﷢¿ɻˣڶ˸ȥҼˣһˣȻ˵ĪҪ·Ǽֲ뻨̫Ǯ֪ûʲô취
Ȼ˵Ị̄ܶܶæ취ָ﷢ţӵǰ㵱Ƕô
＾٣Īׯֽ˷յæµУȻڹţǷյļڸæµʹĪòµأȴҲҪţԱ̰ţ˭ʲôĸ򣬶ķԱ֮ìܣǷ滻ˣԼֵļ㣬Ȼ͵ı֤ȵȡ
ĪСׯӻãϾһˣȥȻЩ仯Ҳϰˡ
ĪҴׯǱߣׯӣտҵһׯӣҪȥָϾǵһŪڻ˵һЩտҵׯӾȫȨίиĪҰæտˣǵˣָĪׯָӣô
ĪáæĲɿҲŹ˲ЩŮ˽飬иĪ˵仰
ĪæöԼʲô¸˵ˣܾʲôˣҲֱĪǻϲźȻ𣬱ʱڷϡ
ĪԼǵ̫ȫˣȻƸ磬Ǻңʶ𣿡
ûУϸ룬Ӧûʶġ
ǻʶС𣿡ĪʣȻ͵ģҵĴӺҲϵ𣿺Լ˵ҪﴮţҴӦˣ죡
һϵĿˣûʲôȴޱˣ˶֪ڵܲˬ
̫СˣΪϷģԴû
һޱĵǲʶˣǱ뺫ʶңԣǲҪ
⣬ѾӦˣʵҾӦòƸ粻Ȼһ£үүҲһ£Ҵ壬ָʶүүҲ˵׼εҿǲˣǸĪˬϴҲԡ
Ҳ̲סˣȻû˵ˡ
Ī޹գգۣôˣȻԼˣҲôɣ
ĪС̲ס㣬㻹׷ȥ
׷ȥΪʲôĪʡ
ĪСô˵أ
ȻˣҲǹģⰲϣȷʵЩ⣡Ī



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮֻ룬ԼĴˣ˭ԼأҰɣڲɲУⰵİʲôҪҲ֪ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ͬĻͷˣԼˣʱŸӣҲ̫ȱˣ
°ͷ
Īȥʱû룬֪ǲڷˣȥţƸ磿
ûӦĪãûӦ꣬ĪӦǲڷǲڷǻȥĶأ
Ī̲ס뱧ԹƢҲ̫ˣҲǹİ֪һЩ鷳Ҳ÷ôƢɣ
ǸأСĪ߶š
Ȼ֨ѽһŴˣһڵûٺˡ
ĪˣԲۣ˵˻бε
Īһ£Ц㣬ڷﰡ
ǣôûưĪԹҪǵˣûӦҲᱧԹ
ôôĲĪ
ȻһѰĪĪһ˸ģѽ㣬Ƹ磬ѽһ
û˵žİѷŹϣĪ͸ĪˣǸо
ĪƤˣôо˵ĺЩأʵܿһģϾĴŵпܸܵӰģοĶܵ˴˵ĺˡ
ĪûЩ־ɵˡ
Ī˸ľ룬һʣƣƸ磬ѽ¿İˣϲΣ
ĵĵ
ĪĪţĶˣƸ磬˵ʲô
һһģĵĵ
ǣƸ㵽˵ʲôһһģ㲻ɣĪЩˡ
ȴ̲סˣģҲúάģΪʲôôţһ﷢һտãˣ˸˾ĺ֪;˺ܶ࣬ڳ͢ﵱ٣ĴҲһĵĹ涨Ǿ峤;
Щ֮;ĸ̣ǮȨγ岻
ȻĪдĲཻһҪţһɣǱģȻĵ˻Īˣ
Լ̲ˣ̲ȫˣҲ̲ͨʱֻ֪ڱˣҲݲñҲã˽Ҳգͨͨܣ
һѺݺݵıסĪݺݵĵңˣ
ŮˣûûΣĺݣİ㲻飿˵ҶҶһһҵ棬﷢տһĵŮˣ㵽ҪôŽԹĻ̲סѿڶ
˵ˣָĪˡ
Īտʼзֵûߣ󣬵Сֵû˼ҸߣɲôĻĪԲ۾ơ磬㣬㿪Цİɣ
֮ǰЩΪǳԴף
⻰ҪĪС˵ĪûԼ𣬷һʧܵĻĪͶԼ¹ˣԼٱˣ
û˵ֻǽ§סĪĪһЩ΢ƽԼġ
ĪúĽ͵ͨ
˵ֻĪĪɲܲǣƸ磬ȷ𣿡
жشĪĻûſԽˡ
Ī
ĪȰƸ磬ҵģ¶Ҳܿ㱧ҿԽģǺú˵˵զĴ
ȴ˱ŤЩƵģûĵģƭңɲǶ﷢տ˵
ǣ˭ƭˣôҲҪɿңǺ˵¶ɣĪ̾ƽôûзԼôһģë
Ҫ˵ῼǵģˣΪɶΪλȨأƽͷϰǵ𣿺ŲüްҪǼ൱Ҳˡ
Īͷۣʲôʱһծˣûɶ
⻰Ҳ﷢տ˵Ҳ˵˵ţ
ĪԲۣӦ˵˵Ҳź÷㲻˵ҷɶ
˵Ҳ˵ĪֻЭˡ
һ£ĪƸ磬ʵɣϸ˵ûʲôϵˣ
Ƕ飡ĵѵ
ǽԼˣĪлӦͺã



ʮ 
ּ֮ľʮµҲ飡ңǵģûʹ
ͬˣĪѡ
ûͬ⣬ֻûʾԵ¶ɣҵʱ䣬Ұ鴦ãأĶ飬ýƸҰȢؼңòã
Ī£㻹ɿңٺú˵ܣ
ɿĪΣ鲻Ըɿˡ
ĪһưɣǺú̸̸
Ĭûӵ͵ƣȻĪ
ĪҲûܣ˸ط£˸ĪĶ棬ǹԹԵġ
ĪƸ磬˵ǲǵˣ֮Ի㶩飬˵ͬ㶩ΪҾԶָǼңǻָȥˣҲȢңҲͬģͲˣ
ܸɴĸĪ֣Ҳţ
ĪһƸ磬治ƭ㣬˵ʧʧҲ߯ˣ벻ǰģ벻֮ǰ飡ȻˣʱҲûи˵ЩģҲǻҵ̫ˣҲǵңȻǻ˵ҪҪȢңҾͬˣ
ҵʱ;ҵﵣĵЩ⣬˵⣬ҪߣҲҪ㱨ûϵߣҿ㵱ڲˣͺһҵܵңֲܹıʾԣ
ĬĿĪû˵ŻǲţʵЩҲĪ﷢տ˵
ĪúۣԼ˵öˣ֪ĻΪԼʲôأ
ɸ˵ĻҪ˵ңƸ磬ǴҹӣЩ˵һǵĵλ̫ˣˣ㶼ûпܣ
ʱſڣЩôûпܣ㲻ô֪ǲһҲũҵĻͳ
⻰ĪһΪʲô˵ݡ
˵Ǽûɣũʵһֱ룬֪ĻΪŮԼ˵˵˵ҵĹذɣûʲôһɲģͺǼһСǸĺӣСҲܲСԺǲˣЩԺ˵ĪֻҪĪʮ꣬ǾܳΪ¹󣡡
ǵĵλûв࣬㲻õģٲãҪȢˣܻȫȢ˵ţȻЩ죬治ϰԿ䣬һʾ޸Ұɣ֮ǰ﷢˵ҪһǿģҾҾͺܷ
ҹã﷢տҲãҲѧҲԣѾǾˣȻͷҲȥʿҲһѧ㵱̫̫ǮҲȥ⣬ʵҲͦǮģȻûǮûϵҿԸģҳҲͦͦ˧ģΪұ﷢տúã㿴Ҷĵʵ˵ģ֮ǰĪˣڱ˿ŵ㣬Īȱ㣬ﻹ᣿
Īƿԣ˵ֵܣ͵˽͵ô󶼲ε
˵û֣һ˵Ҳãã޷
Īͷ۵ĵҸˣ
ˣƭˣ˵õģҪ˧ǮвŻҪõأ
ûƭˣƸ磬˵ĲʣԣҲϣͦҵҪģ˼̫ãϲһָоûָоʲôġʲôڣĪ
ȻסĪͷԼסĪС죬ȻͽŲҪˣ
Ī
һŨҵĺɶϢҲĪ˾ҲǼģȵסûˣϢҲû
Īȴֻ֣һεĹ̶ţĪͲŲֺ
Ҫ˵ҪǸĪˣĪһȹȥĪҲûų⣬㱻ǿȵĲԸ뷨ûУûʲô˼
ȻˣЩĪûע⵽ġ
Ī;ΣҪײģЩܰ
Ҫ׾Ϳ㣬ͷְ֪ƺܿⲻϲµզ£ֲϲµˣ㵽ϻǲϣһ㶼ɴ࣬ˣ



ڰʮ ˾
ּ֮ľڰʮ˾Ī˰죬ûŲĶֺǹִĲ֣Īֻܾ㣬Ƶķ֣
жܾţҲֻĪĴŲһŲᣬˣðɾǹִĲһ£
ĪЦˣһûԣǸɬޣװ˾˾ô㣡
Īɴļϣſ죬´һ˱sheͷ´˵Ĵڸлͦõģƽ￴ԸбȴϵQQһ㣬Ī̲סݽ˽
ʱ˸ǽӲĲУյѾðˣģͬʱֿڸĸоʶָӵֱ۸ӵļӲðˡ
ȻĪŷŹ´̶̽ʶĹ˳ſ죬ɵĪܷ
ѾϵʱȻһѰĪƿȻ˳ȥ
Ī˭Ķ
Īһˣǰ̲סһ˰
ĪʵƤҲûôЩоģҲЩ̵ģҲ֪ǲ֮ǰ鶩ϰˣȷʵûбôų⣡
ĪʵҲͦ˵ģװ򶨣·ȣӮһ̰㣡
ţĪֱӻصҲʵû극ţĪ򶨵ȥϴ裬Ȼڱ̲סñסԴһ˵ʱ̲סߣԲۣղŵôģԲۣôˣصô
ʵҪϲҪ²µģðﷸ
˵˵õȥܾأʲôԲۣоղԼԳ
Ī˼ţʧˣʧ߾ˣϻһ컵ĴΣţȻˣҲߴŤŤȻͺＱĸƵģֱӰӲϹˣ
ĪԲۣɶʱôɫˣ
Ҿܾţ
Īͦ˼ģüΣ˭֪һ棬β˵ֱܿˣȻҲûӰˡ
Ī
ǺˣĪĪдţû˯ãо϶ܲ԰ףɫãĪЩ
ûĵңĪҰݷõĻ죬ϹĪǾˣǶˣЩĵģй⣬ֳȥ߹ʾӵܵճγ̣ô᲻ãһĪ̸
ʱĪСׯæȻģׯٲ˵ɻûмؼõ߾ȻûмģɵþĪӣĪЩΪôٵˣôĵأܼʱջ𣿡
ĪûаĵĵԵģȻ٣Ǵͳһ£Щṩܴİ
𣿡ܺ棬ȻĪӵĴ£һһĪСׯڲͬĵطʾ̾ΪֹԭֻССĴ⣬ʡܶıܶණ
˵ЩĪģĪĿԽ͡
ĪСׯһ죬ʶĶʵ̫ˣֻ֮ûԭֻ֮ĸߴϣ
ĪԽͣǿĪ͸⣬ڶڲס
ĪӸտʼû֣ŷԼ飬ϧ޷ˣҲǹ̫ˣ˭뵽һҹӻһũѾͷȤأĪǼ˳дȻԭһѹϵһ溫еģĪŮģĪдǺ˵л
ĪЩˣںȻĪ۹͸ŹȴаҲʱʱ̶̿ĪĪοһЩֻĪҲЩǣ⺫ʲô˼ɣ˵ĪΪʲôģǵӶҪǣοΪ檣
ȻˣĪҲ֪ԷȢԼŮϾҲ̫ˣҴ岻ܿǵģô˼ֻΪ檣ƾ뷨ĪӿʼԼĹﻰĴ˼ĪҪ˾Ǽ˵ӣҪʽģ檲˵һʲôͨѾͷ֮߰Ĺϵ
ĪӵĲʵЩ࣬һʼˣҲûгЦĪ쿪뷨˵ʵﻹЩ뷨
вܵ˵ﶼ㣬вܵǸƯŮ˾͸ˣܳΪŮ˵õصıǮڹŴҲһ
֪ĪвŻǴŵ£ǺĪģǾӣزŻˣĪֵҲᱡŮӣȻܵõأǲСĪ



ڰʮһ д
ּ֮ľڰʮһдȻأ˼ǾͲ檵ͷȥĪԣһˣֻź޵ߵȥռС
ԺܸܵԼĶȻȥˣеȢĪΪޣҴܶ鶼ģȢͿԵġ
Ҳûô棬˵ڲ̽̽·
ԽĺڵĪŮװʱûȥǼң붼ҲڣҪҲĽڣȻڻеģᱻʲô
˼ȴҲûѻ˵ĪίҲί񣬵ʾĪдŵ˵ȻҪˡ
⻰ȴĪܼޣҲĪĻ²
Ȼ󺫷ֱʾĪļ͡
⻰ĪˣҲȻˣʵ˵Ǽҿѡ˼̫ˣ
룬Īӻû˵ʲôһ¶һһ뷨Ҵ϶ͬģҵļ̫ˣĪӳĬˣܹ鲻ˡ
Īӿʼġ
ĪСҲŲȣ˵ѧϰϵ飬˵⺫ѧʶҲȻûʲôдҹӵһȡ
ⷽ棬Ͳ˵㣬ѧҵȣ͸һʿķҲǴҹӵȣǼѧңǴ䲻Ťſ϶˵ϣдҹӵ
ϺŻȥģҲЪϢĪˡ
ĳȻһģСˣл򣬳ŲۣȴǴܵĺ֣Ҳǡ
⻹Ǻģһγв̫֪ȻҪСˣĸһܳţȻҲҪϲ٣˵طͰѴϴӿʼһϡ
ĪҲдĪҿͷܶ࣬˺һ䣬ʲôģĪҲǵĺˣⶼģͷʲôĲҪԼһãٲУֱ͸ׯ
СҲɫĲ໰ֻűĬĬԼһ£⣬ԼʰǺԼ˵á
˺ǲֱ֣ʱųĪǰĪһرУ
ҲһΪûȻû֣ûע⣬Ǻ񶼿Źˣ۾ֲϹģЩԻˡ
Ҫǿԣر˵ݽӴǺ
Īʹûкһ춼˼ĪǰģòУٲ֣ûĵŮ˾Ҫˣ
УȻ˵ţ뵽ֺòУա
컵¥ֳϾ̫ˣٲޣϱҪˣɬģǵȰϱﲻ˵
Ȼ˵ĪܽӴ˵ˣĸ˶ӦŮһԼˣˣһ̫࣬ûȣ
ܳȥԺŻ΢＾ֵȵģԼȵ壬ֱҹ侲˲Ż
Ҳû˯˯Űǵ͵ƣʼĪһּȸУԼӦһ滮
Ŀ꾭ѾȷԼ϶ˣĪ
Ҫľųѣ˹飡
Ī˵ʲô㻹ˣ˵Ǵ֮Աǣֻ֪Īϱ
ƺԣȻҪĪǿ϶Ҫ¼˲ǰҲҪĪҴЭ飬Σôìܣ˵ʵּǲܵģô֣ǳӳͷиĸڵģԸ֮ᷢĳͻìܣ֪˻᲻ͬ⡣
̫ԶˣⲻϽȻȢĪѶȡ
һĪ̬ȸĪҵ̬ȣĪҵ̬Ҳúˣص㻹ĪϣֻҪĪͬ⣬ĪǶû⡣
˼ţԼУԼҲӦ滮˰죬Լܽᣬһ㣬Ϊֻ͵ԼǿֻԼ㹻ǿˣϼǰлȨҲȥģ˵ʲôġ
ΣĪǹؼһҪ㶨Ȼ㶨ʲôã
һˣɬ
һֱ˯ţҪãҴӵγ֪ģСׯİ϶Ҫһ£Ǻʱ򣬻ʲôʱ򷢾Сׯаɣֻ򶥺õġ



ڰʮ 
ּ֮ľڰʮϵ꣬ʹżȥ˴ׯӣǰѼǱ߱Ƚϰȫ˵ĸˣͲסܻȥˡ
룺ҺԼȥˣȻô֪ôأȻɣԼ˵ûɣ֪ͶһУ
ڶϣĪȥԺˣ˸յһסĪ
Īװ֪ǹԼģ΢ЦƸ磬㵲·ˣŲһ𣿡
򴽣У
аɣ㲻ŲҾԶĪҲ
Ҳǳ˳ģĪķԣɽȥˣȻˣ֮ǰȻǾһ򶷣Ī󣬿ɻǱȲҲûãܵľҲûḻǷַӵ顣
ĪĲ鲻Ըıٳˡ
Īһſ
Īһ̲ס뵽ЦȻģЩί˵ʱ̲ס㣬ĵͲ
ĪЦˣСôɣ
һĪ˵Сӣ͸ˣСӣǺǴˣ
Ī֪ܲǳԴףһû֣ĪҲߣ
ĪͷɲĶţΡ
Ļ˵ˣੲݿű˵С죬̲סһУˣ
Ȼû飬ⷽ츳ⲻѾѧĪǰϽ̵˵ԴˣԵĪС
Īտʼ̲סˣʲôСˣȻǰǸСƬСĶһʱҲ̲סЩ鶯ֲֻ֪ʱѾĲϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãĪҪˣٴŷſĪϲЦݣĺΣ˿Ī̱ϣҪı۰֧ţ˵Ҫˤˡ
õ˵Ī޸Ұɣ
ֱ⣬ҲãЩգ
ȻĪ˾ȻûûãУ
Ĵ˺һźʣѵ㻹޸ˣ
ĪĻ룬˳˧ƷһߵļǲСҸͷߣ׳ĪĸͷҲֻš
ֻĪ＾Եñůͣ˲˰ȫС
Īʶ˫ֻпһ䣺ǴݡⰡ
Ǳ۰ʵַխεģָвһĺãĪ˾̲סһˡ
Īûżˣ˵ˣҲ̫ˣԺӿ϶ģһΣĪҲ̲סöСĶˡ
Լţ۲ݣĪҲûôˣ֪һЩɧǾ¡
Ҳ̫ˣĪĸŮô᲻֪ĻԼ߼޻жࣿ飿ҲʵĴĥͺñȵԼϲǸˣΪҪҪģԼҲ뿪
𰸣Ŀ࣬ȻĪûż޸ûôڣҲûĪ˵ôĪѾȷĸԼʾˣ黹ԡ
ģһŬϺӵģ
Ī˵ˣջͦãòЩĸоܡ
ǽҲᣬִŵĵ˵ģҡ֪㵣ϱ⣬м˵⣬Щʲô¡
ּǲܵģұϾϹӣһŬģǱҲȥ˵ҪýƸİȢؼңκεҲκεί֤Īڻĸоá
˵꣬Īֲ˵ɵƶ
ɵЩίңҾ㲻ҪҸ𣬿ףסңҲȢ˱ˣҪҸ𣡡
ۣҪ֪ǹŴˣҾǸֶ˵ĺߵģĪΪִģϾִŮľ̨ˡ
Īô֪أΪ٣޹ģ
Īɵһۣͨ죺ôˣȻǺߣǲģְĪ§§űȽ
Ī§ŵ㣬㵽ҪҪ𣿡
ĪЩͷۣʱһʱˬ᳡



ڰʮ 
ּ֮ľڰʮϵ꣬ʹżȥ˴ׯӣǰѼǱ߱Ƚϰȫ˵ĸˣͲסܻȥˡ
룺ҺԼȥˣȻô֪ôأȻɣԼ˵ûɣ֪ͶһУ
ڶϣĪȥԺˣ˸յһסĪ
Īװ֪ǹԼģ΢ЦƸ磬㵲·ˣŲһ𣿡
򴽣У
аɣ㲻ŲҾԶĪҲ
Ҳǳ˳ģĪķԣɽȥˣȻˣ֮ǰȻǾһ򶷣Ī󣬿ɻǱȲҲûãܵľҲûḻǷַӵ顣
ĪĲ鲻Ըıٳˡ
Īһſ
Īһ̲ס뵽ЦȻģЩί˵ʱ̲ס㣬ĵͲ
ĪЦˣСôɣ
һĪ˵Сӣ͸ˣСӣǺǴˣ
Ī֪ܲǳԴףһû֣ĪҲߣ
ĪͷɲĶţΡ
Ļ˵ˣੲݿű˵С죬̲סһУˣ
Ȼû飬ⷽ츳ⲻѾѧĪǰϽ̵˵ԴˣԵĪС
Īտʼ̲סˣʲôСˣȻǰǸСƬСĶһʱҲ̲סЩ鶯ֲֻ֪ʱѾĲϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãĪҪˣٴŷſĪϲЦݣĺΣ˿Ī̱ϣҪı۰֧ţ˵Ҫˤˡ
õ˵Ī޸Ұɣ
ֱ⣬ҲãЩգ
ȻĪ˾ȻûûãУ
Ĵ˺һźʣѵ㻹޸ˣ
ĪĻ룬˳˧ƷһߵļǲСҸͷߣ׳ĪĸͷҲֻš
ֻĪ＾Եñůͣ˲˰ȫС
Īʶ˫ֻпһ䣺ǴݡⰡ
Ǳ۰ʵַխεģָвһĺãĪ˾̲סһˡ
Īûżˣ˵ˣҲ̫ˣԺӿ϶ģһΣĪҲ̲סöСĶˡ
Լţ۲ݣĪҲûôˣ֪һЩɧǾ¡
Ҳ̫ˣĪĸŮô᲻֪ĻԼ߼޻жࣿ飿ҲʵĴĥͺñȵԼϲǸˣΪҪҪģԼҲ뿪
𰸣Ŀ࣬ȻĪûż޸ûôڣҲûĪ˵ôĪѾȷĸԼʾˣ黹ԡ
ģһŬϺӵģ
Ī˵ˣջͦãòЩĸоܡ
ǽҲᣬִŵĵ˵ģҡ֪㵣ϱ⣬м˵⣬Щʲô¡
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˵꣬Īֲ˵ɵƶ
ɵЩίңҾ㲻ҪҸ𣬿ףסңҲȢ˱ˣҪҸ𣡡
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Īɵһۣͨ죺ôˣȻǺߣǲģְĪ§§űȽ
Ī§ŵ㣬㵽ҪҪ𣿡
ĪЩͷۣʱһʱˬ᳡



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ּ֮ľڰʮ¾ίͰ͵ĪЦװʲôίأô˵¶ҳԿòã
һʶһ㣬벻𣿡
룡ѾqinңҵˣҵĹ
ͳɤĪĶ˵ԸУ
Īʱûôˣ㣬룡
ٴѹͣ͸Σգ㻹Ҫ룿Ҳˣǲ̫˺ɫˣˣҪ룿
Ī뷭ۣһӵĴ£ôˣУɿҪҰ
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ȻĪߵвУȥзһһ鷳ŵĻϹӵ
Ī
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ãĪ˵֪Լ˵ڵˣԽˣҲԽݵˡ
ƵĶĪȻˣȥĪĪʡĪĪ࿴ӢĲҺ𣿹ҸǮҶ𣿡˵ţԵܲõĿûάֶãתӷ磡
ĪֻҪˣɫתνӵ˿ѹûа
Ī룬ȷʵûУҪ˵ҲǰԵܲõĿ
˵Ī֪ŵ֮Ĳ죬СٸС㣬Ժ϶;ģСܵԸȽϲʣԺ黭ˣ˹ҲȥӼν̵ӣѧҲ֪ΪʲôһֱЩʵҲģ㵣ĵ⣬ҲӦ˵ŻֲҲ֪ǲ뵽ȢĪԺˣ΢̣Ц⡣
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ͲţǼʵҲûôأҪǼŵңҲ˵⻰Ǽ佫ûôأṦҵҲϲģҾҲϲ㣬ϲҾϲһᾡúãҲίʹӦҺòã
ЩĺòãҲû˿ģ˿꣡Ȣ㣬ҪʲôҶԾ㣬ҪȥɽӣҲܹӦ㣡
˵úĪȴ̲סЦ˰ɣ㲻⣬ҲҪޣҲҪ𣿼Ȼˣ˵ô
ȴûǵĪĶૣΪ㣬Ҳң
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̵ĪĿʼɿЩʹӦҧסˡ
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ңҪȥ﷢ˣ
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ĪЩˣ㣬㻹ɣ
׼ˣʲôﲻã㻹˭ʲô˵Ļ˵ҲţҲҪһ𣬿ģֵģҸһ𣡡Ҫģ
˵ţĪƷɵ΢΢ƿȻһȥβ׵ĳ˴Ӧݣ



ڰʮ Ĵ
ּ֮ľڰʮ´ĴҲã޳ҲգȢ˱ȽҪĶģ
ԡͬ𣿲ͬ⣿õģûϵqinqinqin
Īιιι˰ֵ֪ߣûֵ߾۸˵ģ
Īĳqinַͨ죬ĳͣĳȴϣֱӸӦһֱף׵Ӧ
޳ܵıʾȻһӦɣ
Īð̫ģ㻹ǰɣ
Ī벻ŵĳָûôģ
ĪȻ񲻹ˣˣã׳λ۸һŮӣ׵÷·ˮһ㣬ҪˣĺݵĲϷŹ
ãҪΪɶֵãЭˣ
Īûĺ˴һۣ޳ܣ
⣬ΪܣΪ٣л佱ǷˣԼӦúƤһ㣬Եһ㣬ܱ˹飡ҪǰɬǱĪԵģ
ǴĴţȻҵ˶ԸĪķ
ӴԺʼʶȥϵĸ֣ȻЩͦڸģúü٣ȻʶȥʶЩôεģѧϰ
ʵһֱǸϻ۵ˣ֪ԼҪʲôͻȥȡԸ㡢ǿְԵܲÿģСѧ츳ҲܳԿ࣬Ը˵϶ºͣΪһֱϹһ𳤴ԭҲٸŮӽӴЩֱп
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Ҳʵܴ飬ÿζĪ˾ͻẦߣɬȻĶӣÿζܶ飡
ȻˣĪɧֱ
һαĪӦ޸ĪôãһȡʤͻʷԵʤһԼЩ֪ôԸ˾ˡ
Ҷ֪һ֪˾ıԣζԸ˾Զ׼ģҲῪҪ٣һ仰Ǳ˭Ƥ£
һǴЩĲӼԼЩѧЩ黰ҪĦһ±ôŮദôŮĵģȥѧϰεһ˾ţȻЩɬ뵽jiaoðɣţѪڣزѣɣ˾һ𿪳
Ī
ⶼǺ󻰣Ǿ˵˵ڵǸ֣Ȼϳȣƾ˺Ƥˣľ裬ѾɹĴĪĳ˵ˣڱ˹飡
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Īÿɲ˳ۣ
۽ǴЦҲԣǣţ
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ĪҪզأ˰
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Ԫ
Ҳֻܵû
ΣĪǲɿԼлЩСֻۣĪȥˣֻĬĬ룺ҪϽԼˣ



ڰʮ Ʋ
ּ֮ľڰʮ¼ƲһţһʼæԪʲô£ҪһСԪˡ
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ҲЩ⣬ԼҪȥֳһ¡
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ĪͲȥˣȻ＾ˣóʲôĻͦģɲ
İ˦Ȼˣ

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𿴸ղռϷ磬ĪԼҪ˵ޣеԼⷽ棬һĹִ
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ҲøĸĪĪ²õӡ
Ī޸ǿ϶ģҪĪȫǲܣҲĪҡ
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ļƻϲϱ仯ˣû뵽ĪԼֱͱĪӸǰ
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ʲô仯Īɫÿʡ
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ĪӶĪɫģԣȻݣôͷۣ
Īһ˿ģɵĵͷɵת˷䣬ϴŵЦԵЩ֣



ڰʮ ͵ʴ
ּ֮ľڰʮ͵ʴĪĪĵطһȻҲûС˽УԼȥˣ
õĪӸʵŮǺ⣬Ҳ˳ۣĪĸֱ޳ܵǿȶ˹⻷治һԼĹŮͲĹŮԺίˡ
ҲĪһȥĪҲû˵ø
Ȼһ±ƵĿĪӺһǻŭĳڣ˼ȴФŮҪŮͬҲͰˣƫƫŮԸģֱдҲ̫˰ɣ
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ǿеıʾһԼȢľģȻˣĪӻǾܾȻУ
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Ǻܶ鲻̫ƶ򱻴Ƿַӵ飬ĪǱˡ
Īƹɵţʵһŷʱ̹עŶսΣ
ȻĿɿڴŶԽԽСԽԽСĪӸ߳һ·ͣȻ˶Цģ
Ī
һֲõԤУ
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ĪĪӣǣǰ̬ôôࣿƸ絽׸˵ʲôˣ̫ˣôƵġ
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ΣĪ˵Ȣ˼ʲôģҲһģ࣬ȻĪŶԷΪʲô˵ϣͱȱ˸ã˵ĪӵԵ֣Ϊʲôһ
һĸãҲȱ㣬ָӵԵ֣ĪҲϲģΪʲôһ
֮ܶǳûĪһǴнı֤ĪľộԼŮ
ŵڵĲ죬ˣںԺĪСҲδسŲ
ߣĪӸҵĽôǼҶľ֮ǾǸ䣬ڣֺܲҪģȻ˭ҶĪã
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ĪӵȻǸˣþͱˣѱˣ
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ֻԼ˼Ը֣ڡڵã˸ĸ֪ҲͬˣҪǷڣƸĸӦ
Ī
ΪĪܲ˳ֺۣЦԼûأδ˷ˣ
Ҫ˵ȷʵԼҲȷʵЩĶ߼ʵǲµġ
ȻܲޣЩ׼϶Ҫġ
˵ĪƽյоֹͲũŮôӦ˸οǼҵĹػϣ
Ī֮ԲޣӦ˵ڸﱻĥҪһũŮ϶ġ



ڰʮ Ǯ
ּ֮ľڰʮǮ㵫ɲһ鷳úòһѣԼũӹҲֺͦǵģֲɾն£Ȼɽеʿĸоαȥأûɣ
ڼȻҪˣҲίҪôԼδõɣ
ҪɣлȨҪʵ⣬ǿƶˣعˣ
ò̸ٽ飬ɲٵСˣҪ粻ޣ
ҪʵǿߣΪһŮԣŴŮԣûа취ˣԼôܶҲû취Ҳû߹ѪͳⷽǲˣиǹŽͨõģǮ
ԣĪԼҪǮͷǮЩԼԵģٺٺ٣
Ī˼ŸôǮ˵ǿ϶ҪģԼҪԼҲҪǮϾģ̾ǻģڳִܶʳƷˣͷԼȥЩˣѧվȥӪǰ֪СԵʵ̫ˣ˵ݣ˵ţݣٱ˵С꣬͵̣꣬ʽģ۵꣬ɳعݵȵȵС궼Կи̣ʱĸ̣ĪҪϣȷʵǺóԣûеһЩִĸҲûУԿ
ˣԼ·ɫͦÿģǲǿԿһҳ̣һЩ·ˣʱԼޣͼǸ££
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Ȼ֮ǰԼ˵ĳɣԼ˻ǿñģ˵ǰɣ
ĪֽӰ˵дҪɵ顣
ȻԼƿԸһظƾƣУˣŷ㲻ǣƾǺŪȻûвҲǿմǿ棬ǱȽϷѾЩΪմɲ͸ֻƷ鶫ǷϸȻмﲻԵĻҪһڽڵĻ飬鷳
˵մɣĪִĹǴɣӨ͸ֽףʸУ˵Ǽ˹ͷģҲ֪Ǽ١
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˳÷۵ģǸС̫ĪĶ컯ˣ̲סһѱǰ۵ѽСôôɰأôú㣡
Īħצţһһһľܾ㣬ҶˣŮܲף۵С˿һ࣡
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ĪȴܣԹԵĸȸŷſżȥԷ
ε̾ĬĬţʲôã̫벻Լզ죿ǶˣУͷģ
ȻϲǣҲҪΪǣѽ۵ĸ
Ī
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̸ׯӣĪˣϾ̸ׯҲҪ˾ӪģĪûȥˣĵļ
ʱūҪ̫࣬УҲУҪѧյģĪģǰܷΪƸΪܱ֤꣬˾Եģ
˻ĪȻҪԱѵˣѾˣĪ̿ûʲôضΣһضһңͬһض̾Բҡ
ׯΪԼģҲΪԼԼĪģĪҵʲóˡ
ĪҲڼ˼ƻۿǱ󣬶Եıʲôڵģʵݲˡ



ڰʮ 񿪵
ּ֮ľڰʮ·񿪵ĪƻǱͣʵݾõĿͣҪҪأʳͷ׷ǲ˸׷ĻҪԱ۸ϱļ۸һǮ϶һ㡣
ʹһҲŻݲ١
ߵǾõĿͣ˵ʵҲжãֻܱ֤ⲻǻģǱ߲
ÿû⵽ʱͶ͵͵ȥʱ򣬸һϿ϶ҪҲζԵ磬͵ĳӾҪϴɾϣʲôʲô⣡
ˮǾϴɾȻŪ±±һϣζ˵óԣỵ
ȻˣļĲ͵꿪ҵڶԲô鷳ûҶ˵ģֻиֲ˸⣬ΪٺҲЩϣһˣͷͷܳԵ֣Щ
˵ĻҲֻжѿڶѿܱˣΪĪҲûűܣԼҼһᷢЩѿŶѿζǶѵõˣԺܴҵϲܿƹ㿪ˡ
͵ÿ˾ǶѿײˡܲȵЩĲˡ
ĪׯÿժȥԺԼׯҲȥҪԺˡ
Ȼֵĵ̣ǰֵģ϶Ҫƽ·ߣľǸСԣ˵ĪɳСԵ꣬ʵǰɳСԸ̷һӣİ㣬ҲóԣҶζ㣬СһһÿֺóԣʳĻֱ⽴棬Īûɶ
Ȼһһĸӵ㶹ŹȵȵģʵиŪɰ͵ģ򵥷㡣
ȻиӣСȵȵģƾĪЩգʳʼģǰǰѧˡ
ĪûŪģŪ˸̸տһĵ꣬һƷ꣬ʵǸӣһЩ⡢̢
ҲΪģĪ治ᣬ֪ԭ֪ô
ЩĪһҷװꡣ
鱦Īһû¿ģԼɸϿһ鱦꣬ȻĪֻǳҲռ֮һĹɷݣΪĪԼļֵǮ
ȻˣĪļʵЩռˣΪʲôô˵أΪĪνļǶԷѶƳԺĪ޾ˣ˵úܵϣ
Ҳû취飬ĪţƺĸдֱӰͼ˦ϣָͼ
ǰɣ˼ûǸӣһʱʲôʽ벻ֻܸʦĽޣȻָһ£˵ԷúɫıʯĪöԷɫ˵ǿҪͷεģĪöԷ
ڹŴ泴ûŪΪ߲˵ӣͭǮһӣӶһǮСû˼̫鷳ע⡣
˵㲻Ǹ㲻ϾⶫҪǲŪһЩעĿǲ
Īܹ߼ҵ棬Īҵģģûɣ˭ڵĸԽԽأǶǱʱʾ޿
⻹鱦꣬ҵ̶ʳģ͵ꡢ̸տꡢɳСԵļˣһҾ·ģЩ涼Ӵլӣ˿ס档
Īҿҵ꣬ȴڳﱸУһҴ꣬һС꣬꿪ڸ˽֣ǹʽģĪ˵ĳҲеģȫӪҵҲʱ˵ģΪ˱鷳ȫеģŹǵĸӶ鹤գԳʦѵС
СǸտı﷢ﲻģ飬˵飬ȷе˵Ծ̲ģͨ׵Ǹϡ
С꿴СȴǴ⣬⣬ɽ˽һɹɷݣҲѰӣʣµľˡ
Ϊʲô˵СǴ⣿ΪСߵ·ӣרԺصԺġ
С⣬ͯؿٵԵⶼУȻĿннзĴ𰸡
ЩտҾõˣн̲Ľ˵ǽ̲ĽʵҲǣǰЩҪѧ徭³¼Ȼÿе¶зӣһЩӽĲϸ⣬Լаȥ鷳ӡ
ȻһЩõ鷨
ԾȻտ취㵽ģԼԾ⻹鷨ҲտǣߣԺķӣҪҾѵķӣӦصģ˵ԾҪⷽóķӣ鷨дֺÿģȵȣȻʷѣʷѣ۵һֳɣ



ڰʮ ʦ
ּ֮ľڰʮ°ʦЩĲɺõķӣ˼Ŀɫд£Ȼں˼·Լ¸дȵ鼮
ӡˢⷽ棬˺ҲǸҽãʡ˵ҡ
Ī͸⣬ȻճĪӸĪС
Ҳ˵͸ˣ
ôһæµҪˣ䣬Īӱ˵ҪҲûлȥҪǸż¶ǰ;δĪҲǵ˼ԲûȥҲû˭
ĪҹĻ֣ȻǮ˸⣬ûɶˣӵׯӣǴׯӣƽʱ治ԣڵʱǽһðÿж߲˾ٵ֣
ȻǮˣӣº治ǮҲˣÿ¹ǳҲǲٵģһСģο⣬ĪӾδû⡣
ҪǶԷ˵ĵľŮڽˣֱϲձ
Ī˵ջ˼ӣҲԴԴϵӯǿڸۿڵǼҿ͵꣬ⲻҪ̫ãΪ䣬ȥԺ󻹲ỵˣЩúԶũҶţ·ȥ򣬴һ飬һöࡣ
ڵĪԤϵˣŵľǱõĻʢ˵ĶǰԲĺӣҪ˵ǱĲ˶óҲ㲻ϣһļҳζǻ㣬־ĪһޣĲζȷʵǲũҿζҪãϾ˻Ҳͦġ
ҵ̣ʳĸȻԺоģǶ󣬼۸Ȼ̫ߣҲҪƽ·ߣҲͷװļ۸һ㣬Ϊ߸ߵ·ߵģ¥ģﲻ˵·ҲŮ˵ġ
ǰľĪŮ˵Ǯ׬˵Ǯͬ׬Ǯ˵Ǯ׬ɾһӣ
װҪգǿƣԷװԺ󣬷װͿӪҵˣΪٽأӪҵ൱ġ
ֻǿһ£۵ĳɱӪҵʹﵽǧ
ĪС˵ô˸ͯҲгɼˣĪСܵ鷨滭ڰõһĪСĳɼҲĩмһģʣµҲǰ
ĪʫӨûкܴı仯ϵ巨Խ죬ĺɰܺÿн⣬ĸ
ԣĪׯɱܲһɻľ
꣬ĪŪЩʵĳʳţţɣй೦ǳˣĳĺܺóԣḬ̄ĵľŪ˺ܶ࣬ȻĪھһЩȥտı󣬱ϾǱڵأɻز
껹һϲ£﹫ʾԸĪС١ĪСܸĪСӣϲĪʹ֣˵˷ܣ˵˵
ĪȵסĪС˹¿ͷȻʼްʦʦ磬Ūͦ¡صģ
Ȼ﹫˵ãĪͬͬҶͬ˾ϲ¡أ﹫û˵ʲô
ҲΪ꣬ĪСֵܹЩң˼ҿԵ棬Īͣ²дˣÿɾ棡
ĪСٻãǸصģ֪﹫ʵݣָ֪ǿģԾڱӿΣɺԹԲ˵ܻİʱ
ĪСҲã鷨滭츳Ȥã﹫ļӿζ˵Ҳ֮õģ˵ǿֵ飬ڲڵģνˡ
ĪСͲˣ﹫λս﹫ǶµģĪСٸĪҪѵĪСģĪסˣΪĪ﹫ʵУҲЩͯԡ
ĪӸĪСٻţҪ滹﹫Լùܣ
ĪСһõľԸķ䣬ƤƤͦģбµˣ˵﹫
ĪСտʼͦ﹫ģ﹫Ÿĸѹ
﹫ҲǰɣУڿʵӮĪС֮ǰ﹫ô˵ģҲҪţ˭Ҿܵõ˵֧أҲһʵб£֧㲻ѧϰ
ĪСĿɿڴĿ﹫û뵽Ų۵ϷӾȻôҪȻԼʹ۸ˣ
˵ĪСҲͦģЩ
ϷҲǲˣɣ㲻ΣԣֻҪ˵ϷϷһ٣ô﹫һת˵
ĪС۾ʱһԣ˵ʲô
ǾϿɣ˵ӮϷ򣬽ż٣﹫



ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮ±ĪСĦȭƣдʵĸ﹫ΪھǷżٵʱ򣬾ΪúǷɣһ굽ͷΨһһοԷɵʱ
﹫һ粵ĪСǣҪһʮ춼Էɣαعһ죿Ƿзɵxxxγѧxx𣿿ͯ𣿿𣿿˽ʿ𣿼ȻûпУôʸɣ
ûУͯԺǾҵҵŬѧϰΣڣ˭涨һҪżϢ
һͨ˵ĪСЩˣЩԼ˷ѹ֮У̫߳ˣôôɳܵ˷ѹأ
ĪСɹˣҲҪô˵˷ѹô࣬ҲǸӣƾɶҾͲ˷ѣ
ĪСԸķ䣬û﹫ۣΪӮ﹫
ǰ죬˵˾Ǳֻۣûдֽϰˣ﹫ÿ춼һ⣬ȻĪСԺĪСдһƪ£ȻģԴ˶ĪСд
ĪСû֣ʵǱӮˣʵ﹫ⱾҲһֿҵ
ĪСû֣Դ±۾ǷѧϰԺĪӡĪСٺĪ̲סһޣǿûǣ﹫սսȺ۰ǻǳɹʿܱ﹫ϴˣοС
ȥȰĪСһѣκĪСȥҪδҲû취ˣֻԴӣ߼Ц磬ͷСıǨŭ
ԹԵĵͷʵҲͦͬĪСģС̫ˣ껹Ҫѧϰ
ʵⷽ浹ҲĪСֵܣƽֵҪȥԺѧϰ﹫ҲֻܳǷżٵʱָˣ
ھսŰܣŰսԺĪСͷЩԣ﹫űԼ˺öףþѹԼ
ĪСٴεҲ
ãǾͻ֮﹫ĪСԼôĿҵ뻻ʲôǻԺͲܸˡ
ĪСǸģ˵ȻǱɣһ㶼ûϵ뷨
⻰һ﹫ģֱӻ˵ļƣ
ĪСĥһ£ÿ壬ܳչԼɲоͻµĺõģ̵ܶͲôȫǳ¨ӣЩ츳ڣǡⷽ滹ֵͦģ
͵Ǿɣ
﹫ͷԣҪȷˣԼѡģ¾Ͳٸˣ
ĪСظ֤ģԲģ
ȻȻĪСòҲ̶ãĪС
ĪСԼû˵ˣϾԸķ䣬ԼѡģƫƫӮ﹫
ȻˣĪСҲһֵܼˣԻͼһµģ˵ίĸ﹫ᡣ
﹫ûĪСˣһ仰Լѡġ
ĪСˣûᣬҲͼˣÿʵʵɿҵգˣôȻӮһͷӣ
﹫СһԴԺ󣬹Ȼ̤ʵˣĸź룬Լ۹ⲻ
ʵҪǰ﹫ɲҲĪׯĪׯĽѧԭԴѧķʵȫһȫ˶졣
﹫ͦϲĪҵģϲĪׯʿȻãǷ¶ҪԼ֣Լֵĵط٣ܺܺãܼѧڲ˵⡣
Ȼ˼ҵҲͦϲģҲϲĪҵļͥΧĪҲҲмȥ뷨ˣסһз͵Ñˡ
ڵļںܿ͹ȥˣĪСȲĵŻָ飬Ϳ˽ÿ﹫壬ŰĲҲ̶õˡ
ǣĪСķ֣Ȼѧˣɻ粻أȻҲûô棬ܴģɿѧΪëʦҪӿҵÿҪϿεģＷóʱʦɵĿҵ
զĪС﹫ֻ΢ЦŸĪСʱ䣬һɿҵأֻҪ
֮⣬ĪСһʱɣҲû
ĪСǿˣʦǸħ˵ʲôһɣһʱЩֳɾ񶼺ܽÿĿҵݶһ
⻰ڰ˵ƫƫô죿ֻЭ£
ԴԺĪСֵϿξ൱ϢˣǿκĹζħĪСıԹ࣬﹫ѹȥ
˾ֵĹ˸꣬ΪĪС﹫ĶǶ»Եûֶࣻ󲿷˵ڶͦĵģһʱ䶼ῪЩ



ھʮһ ֱŤ
ּ֮ľھʮһֱŤǱߵĴ˼ҾͲһˡ
˵ϹϹϹķǰЦӯӯ˴ͺɵȵֻʣ·ʱ
ϹЦˣⲻҲʱҪȥ̫ӵǰˣһ𣿡
γ֪Ҳ̲סǨŭϹ˵ˣЩżҵ¶ȻҲܰԼĶӾ֮ǰʧȥӲ˵ڻҪֻգ
һŤһģ
Ϲ񿴵ÿЦҲ֪ԼЩֻܺˡ
Ϲ˵Щڿ˽ˣϹҾ㣬Ҷʲôʱܻ
ˣˣȻϹֺԺĵˣˣҪ˿ɾ¶ڶˣ
ߣٻңʲôʱ򣿡ʣ㵽ʲôʱҶӱ𣿡
˵ǨŭżңҲ֪ǶһɵģҪб£޲ԼԶ֡
Ϲ˵׼ҲްҲ޲ϱ˳𣬿Ƕӣֲİèֻϸϸı
Ϲÿˣ
һٸϹ˵ˣϹϣ߰ɣﰭҵۣɶʱҶӻɶʱٽݣ
Ϲ񣺡ǣǽвȥ˯鷿ϹӺڣ
ϹֲļᶨҪһĺˣ
ۿҪ˷ſˣʱϹȻһ飬æˣҸ˵һ¶أ
ʲô¶ƳϹһۣʲô»ͷ˵
Ϲع̾ðɣȻˣٸ˵°ɣ
ܲģӣ
֪Ϲǹģ޺޵ĵϹһۣʣôˣ㻹˼˵Ҫ¶ܵڻûнˣһĺӶ꣬ܽˣ
Ϲ֪ĽҲǣæǽȥ˵ɣɲһԽģ
Ȼһƹߣһ߻Լ⣺˶¶Ҿû˰ɣû̫Ů˼ˣһĸŮϲǰɣҪϹִ֪иӺܺʣֱУ
˵ҶôϲϹıţߺϹһۣҲûΪ֪Լˡ
ǣǣ˵ĶԣϹҲܽˣǣ
Ϲ񣺡˵£ʲô
Ϲһѷסˣϸ˵
ˣֶû˦ȷʵϹƤû취ֻܴչȥ
뻢ڣһ䣺mmp˵
ҹϹڻζղŵĳˬ
Ϲûĺ󣺡å
ϹͳЦţյߵֻǶå
ԣڲ˵ʲôֻ۵ЦţһŽղŲ˵Ҫ˵𣿡
ˣôģţԶϱʲô뷨ûϹʡ
ôô˵һ;òԣ˵ʲô𣿡
Ϲǰɣһ뷨ѯһǵϹõĵ
ɵóӿϹ񣺡ô£˵ɣ
Ϲģ˵֮ΪȢĶ˵Ů
һͲˣԷˣȻ˵ǾҲܸмҲ̫˰ɣǱһ£Юͼһ£ܹ˲ôˬ죡
ϹҡͷǵȻˣũ˵û˵¶֮ǰ˸ϱȻʧȥһϱһͲ˵ˡ
ǸũҶǼУ
ϹͶԶӵľ˺кøУԺ󣬾͸ˣЩŤԼˡ
ôģΪݱʶƣıƻ¶˵ģϹ֪һ
ϹΪʲô¶˵ΪǼƻɣ֪Ҳûʲô˵ıҪ
ô뷨ŵĿϹ񣬲ɫǻ˺ܶ࣬ʵҪ˵ǾȵģȢũŮҲûʲôǰ᲻ǱȵģҲҪԷƷá


ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮ²ǵͦ࣬žûϹ˼ţ˵ˣǼȻũǾľǸˣһƷжһҺҼкжţϴأȥѾͯܿˣ϶Щӣһ㣬ó鷨滭СҲǹ龫֣ϻ쳣һӻͷҲҪ;ģ
ԣǵͷŻǾ˵Ĺأǵڼʶʶ֣ô
ϴ֮ǰ˵Ϊһ£кȥѧ˼飬˵ѧõķӶڿϧŮȻܿˣֵͦģһ򣬻ϼǹϹǹ˵ҲǴϻ쳣
Ҫǣ˵̫λȻģϹ˵Խͳ̫˶λǣճǹչ˵ģ
˼;˵λ䣡Ϲ˼ɫ˵
Ҳ˼Ϲû˵Ǳ̨Ҳ֪ܵ˵ĻԼһܿ󣬻ѧ֣˵仹ԼĶҲлȻûʲôԺյǾ˻̫ؼǻ̫ﻹϲ˵ǰ;ԼȢǱһ׮̸
ԷļҾҲûôܶУԺ;ҲǹˣױйҲס
ÿԣֻЩίԼĶӡ
Ϲ룺ίʲôίȻ˵ЩŹģ־䶼Եúйģ·ǳʲôʲôȥģϹܲ˽Լ𣿰ͲίԼҪǶǹûһ˼㣿ָ˵ЩǺŪԼϱģԼϱͬ⣬Ƕǹӡ󲻺ãάǹأʵﲻФ˼ҵĹأ
ʾ֭Ϊǵ˼صʵʵЩɶǹûʵģȴû뵽һ۾Ϳˣ
Ϲϵ㿴ԼĶҲǸϵֻԼ棡
ϹίʲôίⶼΣ⻰һڣͰ¡
Ϲ͵ʵҲ㲻ί˵ˣǹﴦҲУоȶĹϲ
⻰ɵɣղЩȷ˵ģǹŪǵİɣǾЩȢϱˡ
ҾͲ֪ˣȻҸ˵ˣϹ֪Ҫ˳˵
ȻæǱˣٺú룡
һ룬ϹҪ˯ˣϹ񣺡ǹﲻ洦ĻУ
ϹԺģţô˵ģ˵ⶼǹ޵ģҲܸͦɵģǹҲ֪Ϊ֮ǰԭ򲻣ôڣȻˣҲ׼ĪҴĶڣ
Ҳⷬ˼ǼҰ˵ǹҪ˵ͦʵģǼҾֻҪƷв˲ȢҲȢˣοǹԺҲһ㣡Ҿ͵ǹƷл᲻᲻ΪֱɣӦǼҡ
û˵ǼӡͦõģŶˣ˵ЩŪֻܼӴ䣡˵ϹǺЦԼҶӣûԵôũҲ˾ôóԻûϢ
ˣǾͣǾͶɣ˵ţֲԣȻǹߣɶ
֪Ҿ˵ͦߵģ˵ǵĹȶߣҾӦòѿɣѿҲô˵Ϲ
ǹô뵽ЩȻ뵽
ǹʮ壬˵ǻ˼ҿʼǹˣһϼƾ͸ҷŶʣϹֵ˵ģҵͦģ˼ңҲ֪ĹټҵĹﳤǺÿ̫ҶۣٵĹֵģȻѧĹٹѧĲ񣬱˵ˣҶϣҵǾͦõģũҵĹﲻָһ˫ȫģҲף
ͦеģǾɣ
Ϲû˵ʲôЩ˯⣬Ǹôһ˵ˣȻǾ㰮飬˵ţţ
˯ǣ𶯣
һʱ챻ˣޣ
ҹֵ̫ˣʱˬϹܲˬ
Ϲȴһȵģˣʱ磬ǶЪϢɣۻˣɫǹС



ھʮ Ƴ
ּ֮ľھʮ¼Ƴȴһ㶼飬ݺݵĺϹһۣתѾһգ
Ϲһ㶼ҪЦȥϴˣһˣһĺ
ȳ緹ϹˣȷˣҪȷˣҾͻƽòͣҲϲѾڱϣֻзòͣϹ˵ҲЩûй˼ɡ
⣿Ȼ룿ǹɶҲûܾﲻҪ˵ɴǹ꣡
ôˣҲϲҸʹģϹɣҸνģǻǵǹƢҲͦģȢӦô˵ˣɲɵ춼ҪȻ˼һͷҪǰѶ࿴ˣͲˣ
ʮ꣬ô㼱̲סֹһ䣬Ҳ֪ԼʵЩʮ˵Ĺȥˣʮ껹ûҶҪǸԼҲȷʵż
ˣǹΪʲôô࿴󣿡
ͲˣӦǸŮװЩϵɣϹ˵꣬ϹҲˡ
ӵҲȷʵǴ£Ҫúõһ룬⣡
ϹͲŲˣϾһǶӣһϱϹҲԼˣʣµģͿˡ
Ϲ˽Լϱ˵ǿ죬ʵǿϵģֻǲڽϡ
Ȼڶ磬ϹĴ𰸣ôɣȥŮ˵Ϊ˳ţҪһ
һ죬æˣæŰʵĶǵŮϣѲȻһһȽϣЩССĹͲˣЩؼЩСټҵĹĪʵûʲôʲôñȽϵģ
ȻҪЩ˼ҵСˣȻͷֶٶЩëȻҲĹ֮ŮûЩټСǰ㽿ټҵ־ĲȥģĪǶԼġ
ǿһΪĸ֮İ˾ǾͶĶ˰ɣ
õŵʱǲֵȥˣЦǽһðʾ֭ߣ
˳ȥĪҲ˲ñˣվĪǰЦɵƵģ˵ĺ
ѵüʵɵĪͣ±ʣʵôˣôģǮˣ
ŵݸĪ㿴
ȻȲȥ˵Ȳ緹ˣҵˣͬˣ
ҲˣЦŵͷǾͺãǾͺã
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ĵģûеõ˵׿ϣôܰȣųװ
õȥĪţĪҲŸ˸ˣ
ĪֽߵѵЩЦãҲˣδżûô
ˣ׼ģҲҪ׼
ĪϹ˵ã˼ҵĻҪˣ̫ĸѾߣĸȵģѾߣдʹɣĸҲϹͬĸѾߣĸȣĸѾߣȻʹɣֻ̫ӷ˵ļѾߣĸѾߣĸѾߣȻʹȵȡ
ΪϱѾȻǿԴҲϹģһ˺żҵѾߣԼġ
ĪİѾߣˣҪ֣ܽҪִ˼ҳ־͸ˣԽѧѧأ
ǸǹģǾ͸ˣʱͿָԼ˼ҵĹظĹأⶼΪδѡ
ѾĪֻΪԼĵΣҪΪԼս
ѾߣĪǼģҪȥ̵ģѧһҪѧ£еѾһͬʵȥѧ£黭ȻѧҲҪ֪һЩǳģŮ죬ҽȵȶҪѧƱҪһƶԼİס
˸ԼѾߣҲҪһЩˣĪӸĪСǹһС˿϶ǲģҪӣ֣ҲҪӡ
ģЩ˶ݵģҪ䵽˱ĳ̶ȣҲ̫ˣ
Ҫ˵ֵܽǺ˵һЩĪԼȥţǸһ˵
ĪΪδǣô᲻ˣֱҪ˻˺
ĪòģͷһֽܽѾǹصģһֶøֹأ˼ҵ˼ʹϵġ


ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮĪһҲУȴʲôƷ򱾹Ҫ̯ӵġ
ҪʲôֵģǷ
֤İɣҰ㻹ô
Ī˵Ҫ֣ĪӸõûзԣҲǼֿʼˣǸúģۿҪǮˣĪӸòĵ
ǵĺԺĪҪȥ˼ԼҲܸŮϺȣ
뷨Ī֪֪Ժȴûа㰲ο˼ˣԷҪ
ûĪƮˣԶĪӵҪǣúѧϰȡʿѽȻտүӳȥߣʶҲѧϰУҪӵģǾøصĽʿһǽʿöĽʿ繷ҪѧŵʣԼ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
ͦңĪҪ̫ˣҪҪ黭ѧ²ѧ黭ҲҪ࿴飬徭ѧһѧȻŮѧһѧҪоͨ͸ˣȻⷽҲҪѧѧƽ˵Ҫ̧ͦͷ㣬СͷأŤŤģ²󷽣Ƿ˭ǮҲǷʲôҪһӣ
⣬ĪСׯĪҲ˵ˣ׷Ȩãٰܣһ㶼УͷԣĪҴׯӵ¶Ҫܣ
ĪţҪһЩӢǸɰȴеһЩˣȥɣ
ĪʵƮֻøĪһЩ͵͵ʹ﹫ˣˮƽܿнʿ
﹫˵ЩϣģʵǸģԭûܵõԴҪǺúŬǿԵġ
Ͻʿ죬֪ʶˮƽ϶ԽԽߣú޽ǸĪӵĲԽԽ֮ǰĪ͸˼ѧϰǲģȻͺܷܣ
һĪɴúúѧϰ
ѧЩʣùܼҲΪúãĪ٣ҪŽʰɣþҪЩҲҪѧ²ѧʮ֣Ҳѧķ֣ӦȥҲЦ
ĪӵҪҲǣĪ·ΪԼ߼ޣսսģڱǰû˵ûʲôˣͷҪٵ͵ȥĸʣʱҪ۽磬ҲҪ
ֵһߣ˾ĪԽ̣һξǸЩ˽
ĪĽܼ̣һҶǺദˣⲻǾͿԱЩȽˣǼңֻҪ˸飬ֻҪģ˱֣ǾͲõʲôȫһҲܺ˵øǷǮǮøݼݼ٣һУҲУһ٣ʹôԲ𣬲ǴСһɴɱģԼҲǶ
Ǳ־ԵҳϣҪɣҲԳŵǣԣǳɼˣҪūˣǲʲôˣɣֻҪǸĪҾûж
˵ΪϽĶǣԣģһǰ᣺ǾǵľҪ󣬲ú˵ӵ棬ǼҵԭһβңٴβãΪ˵棬ȥ˺ʱģǰ·صǾͲҪĪĺˣ
𣿡Īʡ
ĪȻǲϣŴƶҲС˵һ㣬ͷ汻˱ô죿Ժݲһɵĺ˭ܹ
Ī˵ǰͷЩҪǻ֪ʷҪ浽ǵزĪԼ˳ӦʱҲܺݵ
ûбϵʱĪµԼʧȥԼ
µдˣҲʮĺӣԶһݣеĺӻСʮ꣬;̬Ҳʶ˰Ѳ˴ɱ˵ģû˲ĪĻһ¡
Īһ˫۾ĿǣҶ˸ˣ
˶˵ЩԼӦ˵ģǿԣ˻ֻ˵ֲҪôˣӰǶµģҶľǹأа㷴Ҫһ˿ִеףҪˣĪڣҪ뿪ģվ



ھʮ ں
ּ֮ľھʮ¿ںٻô˵ɲû뿪һӲôģĪ˵ǼҲ˴һס
һҲĪйأĪ˲ȻҲǿˣֻҪҺʵģ˵ǲǺܱɲһҺʵֲɵͬĹҲ˷ġ
ôĪҲѾдֲᣬ治ǰҪصĹأжǵҪ󣬱˵Ҫе˶Ҫʶ֣Ҫ´ӮˣҲǿ壡
ĪֲǾѯĹضģȻˣǮûôߵģǼҲûôҪǮҲǲԣũﲻǻкܶĻҲҪһȥ
ûĪҵ˿ɲҪźӣҪũ˶ũ͸Щ軧һչ㣬ȵֱۺϳǮǣ
֮Īֲʵ˼Щ⣬ô˵أۺ˹Ŵ˼ִ˼Ūġ
溭ǵݻȫ棬棬иҲҪ
˵λĻʶǮټϼЧЧĶҲдһţҲ˵ֵĺܺãôõöֲ࣬ãǾֻõ˵٣ٱ˵Ҫ˶Ҫѧ֡䣬ʲôߴϵĹ򣬾ͻ̫ȭѧˣͷȥѧʦ̴ңĪľͲˡ
츳ģҲѧĪҺ֧֣ԳѧѣǳȥѧѧҪõģ˵˶ľȤѧ϶ҪæЩʲôģҪ츳ѧ黭ģĪȥѧֻҪȤѧһ֮ĪҾԲԣ֧֡
ͨ˵Ȼǳ˻ҪƾԼȤԽǨԽ죬ҪǮǿ϶Ҫƴѧġ
ʱЩĪ˵Ĵʹ֮ģ˵Ҳһġ
Щ˵ĹҲȽϼ򵥣Ȼ˵źĪҵˣݲ࣬Ī󿴵ù߹Ŵź򵽷ſֵĵزǱȽ֧ԼԼ
Щѧһ֮þˣüܵܵεͬʱҲѼϣ
˵Ϊֲᣬǽһɷѿİ
˵סҲý˱ȥķ䣬ûסķӣ˾ŮֿһŮһҲʡóʲô¡
˰źˣĪȰ˽Щ˶֣ϰ䡣
ĪҪʦȥҸʦģֱָһǼҵİð̵Щ˹򣬷ͻȭŹˡ
ַҲ򵥣ֱׯһʶֵģ־ѧЩȽЩ֣ÿҲҪġ
ѧϰ÷ҲҪȻЩźĪЩ࣬ĳԴܵģĶҪЩܼũΪѧϰڼûйǮ˼ôܰƤ
˵ܰƤѧϰǻͦģѧ֪ʶѧֱ˵һܲ˼ˣѧʱʲô֪ʶҪǮũǮģѧϰûǮҲ⡣
οסĵطЩ䣬տǻ·ҸģȻԵҲϰͷˣ϶ǰ׷ͷܱһһأһزˣһҲһͷǺ֪ˡ
ԴҶϧѧϰĻᣬ˰ϿΣϻԼӿΣǴʹҲǻǾѧϰĪ˵ˣҪǴʹһֺñ£ҲΪ֣ǹǮ
֮ÿ˶ǨĻᣬͶŬɰɡ
ΪЩ˵ҳ϶ȣִ˵Īִҵһ׹ʽںżӶںžǺúѧϰϣŬְǹںŵĽģһܵĶһ𣻻һ׸裬ĪҪĶΪĪ֮裬ʵסšͦӦľˣҲ˳ϣ־
ĬϵĪҲ٣̫ȭ
ûѾĬˣΪڲĪԼׯϵҲ֪Ǳֺû˵ãҲŴտʼֻĪ̺Ǵ򣬺мҳէŵܲѧĪȻˡ
˰ٺԺĪҲʼæԼˣҲúѧϰϣһŮѧڿţǹŴĵˣĪըѲѣ֪ŴŮ˵Ŀ𣬿ûⱾдô
ĪȻǸѧˣǴӹŴѧһЩǿ԰Ůѧо͸ˣõúˣǾǶԸ˵



ھʮ 鰡
ּ֮ľھʮ鰡Īԭ
֪ΪĪΪҪаأжĲҪҪģĪ˵ϲԭȽ
Īʲô£
ԺĪʱЦֲ֧ܲӣʱЦˣ˦ˣǻģ
ڳʱֱŤŪĪЦǱЦȥοһ˵ⶺģΪαȥأ
ŰѱŤŤ
һµʱ䣬ѧѧĲˣֲϹˣͿʼڶǼǴϲóģȻȥʦҪѧҽģȥҽݵѧͽָĪҾ飬һ˷һϾʱǵÿҲǱ޿Ρ
ҲڵǼǵʱĪ˼˲ţŵǼһ´ҵļܸȤԴҶ˽һЩ֪ԭﾹȻһǲɰˣǸ֡
һȻϣĪͦ˼ģȻˣȻҲɰ˵һʷˡ
Ī뵽һ飡ִѾϡˣԭΪ顣
ɰȻˣһЩϰ˽⣬˶ö࣬Īԭֻ㵱ͨӻ
Сңһţʹ꣬ڵϴ֪ԼʲôгԭҲˡ
ĪϴЦ壬˵ɰ
ǵģСңҲɰʲô𣿡ܲĴ۽ŵĶĪ
壬ţҾʣǻ£Ī΢ЦŰ
˿ǻ°ǻ¾ͺã¶˶ͦõģ֮ǰʱ˵ܺûǰڴ˵Щ˼ҵĿµ飡
Īˣżʵɰˣ
ʮˣȲˣȻ˵ȻĪȲУæеģ
Ƿʪ𣿡ĪǹģϾλԺ¸Ĺؼ
ţȵСô֪ģ
ĪЦЦһ㲻ڴ󺣻ߴ𣿡ʵҲǲµģʲôĪ
Īǻͷô²κãҲûʲôܻһ£
Ī֪ʪˣرʪһɹֱܾǣرܣ
жĵллСңǲˣⲡò˵ģ
ӦģĪѣˣԼˣŪũҿջʱ򻹼ǵõģǸԱ濴Ǯʱæ̫ˣȴˡ
Ī飬ֱ⣺壬ģɰӦ֪Щ飬Щ治ɣӦ֪Щɣ֪ôǰɣ
ɻĿĪСңǷƹڰ飡ôҲԼ𣿡
ĪԼ˵壬ɴ֪ЩɣٸӰɣ˵˵ЩУׯ𣿡
ģ壬һ뷨飬ǲǿ˹ҿȥһЩ˵ְȻҵطǣǲ飡Ī
˹ʲô˼ɻĿĪ
Īôأһܼ򵥵ĴʰԼ಻˵ǳⰡ
ȻʱĪΪǮֻĽʲô˹˹ֳȴʻı飬ÿֽʹӲͬǶȣԽԽӣȻøģ
Ī͵ÿڸģԾǾͺҰҰһڴɭģץԼǾͽ˹Ӳͨ
ȻҡͷСңеģģ˵ˮôأУĲеģ
Ī룺˵ˮ
Īӵ壬веģҪԹ֪ɣҪ治УҲ㣡ȸ˵ǼҵׯӣЩطʺģ
ǲȰĪСңģǿСĲƭ㣡
壬˵Ǵ˵ⲻ˵ġҾ㣬˵˵ˮΪʲôֻ˺ܶİУôСûУСֻСдС飬û˵ɣ



ھʮ 
ּ֮ľھʮĪʵôмСﳤ𣿡
룬ûУҪô˵ĻǿУ
ֻǸʵûףܾⷨвͨ
Īеͨвͨģ£ֻҪвͨҲ㣡ˣ壬ʱĹͿǴģʱ˵Ҫǧʷأ㵽ʱǵһˣ
ǧʷʸöģƽϷɲ
û׵ĵǣǣҾԣֻСңҪǲɵĻ
ģ壬ǲɣҲ㣬ˣӽĹǮҲһܳɣٸ𣬵Ȼˣʱ϶ģ壬㿴ôĪûȸĻ˵ͽӿˡ
ǣǾԣ˵ﶼ飬ܳ
ʣǣҪզ
զĪΪһִ˻֪ܲզ𣿷֪Ƕʱѧˣ˼ҽģ֮ͼǵ˹ֳؼһ˹ɳӣ
ĪҲܰɣģҲסܵģĪ͵ôͷ˵Ҳûʲô뷨ҪȰ
壬¶ͽˣҲ˵ʲôǰڰģһ¼ǮɣҲ֪ҪԼ԰СûйϵûҲûйϵصǰǺõģҹˣĪ׼˵Լ
ˣ͵Сң¶֪֪ˣǣҪҪ˵һ
ã˵ˣҪȥҪʲô𣿶ˣǲǻҪһʺģĪʡ
СңÿˣׯӾͦʺģָǵ¾аأ˵
𣿡Ī۾һǻͷȥɰȵȣɰôɣֱӼӿѰŪ˰ɣ
ĪԼǵðǿ˿Ժͻˡ
Īʵ˵ôôɰ
Ī֪Լˣɰȿ
¶ҲǸĪ˸飬ˣĪûпչܡ
ĪȴŸȥļׯӣԼׯӿʺģøȥ֣ǺܶҲ֪һؼģĿ϶Ҫ
ҵĸׯӣĪҴׯǸȪׯӲ⣬ׯҲرǸеȹģׯӣһƬ̲ͿأʺˣĪʱׯӻǿǸ̲ͿţҲ֪ʺǼǵú̲ͿһЩˮ֮ģҪеʲôģǾ͸ˣ붼
ڻԪһˣȥæģԪҲǰæģȻǱȫԪǰæɱˡ
ˣĪʱѧǵ¶ʱ䶼ûôĪ棬ĪӡЩãҲʲôˣ֮ǰҲ˽ĪвҲʹӡ
֣һǴӹģһҵģֻĪͺˣĽ˽Ī⣬ҪѵǰСѾͷ
ⷽȷʵмңȥ˰µĹ򣬴һİ֣дССľӶ࣬ǮҲãĪɳܵķΧڣȻĪøȰѰţȻͷ˵
һ°̫Сܲסһ»˻ЩֱͲӦͷҪɳӣҪô죿
ûжˣĪһЩˣЩ˰æ
ȵŪ˰֣ѰȥˣĪŸὨ飺壬ЩǲӦһʱ䣬Ҫǰûˣ㲻ȻԼЩɳӽԣҲӣ̫СûɶѰգǾٵһЩӡ
ɶӣɳӣֻ÷·췽ҹ̷ôоⲻأ
ʣզӣҪûӣʣȷҪộǮ
Ὺ𣿾ǿڵʱ£ĪôͲ֪ˣĪʣҪϰʱſڵʱӣ
ЩǺһŻէŵӸĪԵССңɣƽǶǴˮ£˵úί񣬾һ˶
ĪҲûǣʲôʱϰ
ҡͷȽ٣˵ˣûϰʲôűһţֲ˻ǶﻹȶߣߵĿģûнţôߣ



ھʮ ƾ
ּ֮ľھʮ¾ƾĪɵۣǣִ˵õɳҲ
ȻĪԵĸһ񣺡ЩԣԻˣ˶ûйϵ֮סˣĿľǰɳȥˣôֻҪȥֻҪܳɻУɳӵĻҲʲô𣿶ԣûϵҪڻˣˣЩԣûϵ֮Ĵ󵨵ɣҪʲôȱʲôҪ󡣡
ĪôľҪ㣬Ҳû취Ī˵˲ܽôûΣȻˣ£
Լ
ĪѧŮѧд˼ҵĹأԼǴиӵĹϵҪһŹϵʵ̫ˣ˵ͼڻû꣬˵õͼϵҲ̫ˣҪȻ˸ӣ
ĪҲԼѧĪʫӨץ㲻ѧЩ۸ӵĹϵĹҲҪѧһѧĪĶԽҪ󣬶ĪʫӨȻûҪôˡ
ĪʫӨЩƣĪĪʫӨʫӨ㲻ҪһҪЩضѧоֹһҪƽûûϵǸѧЩһҪҪ֪ЩزǣͬʱҲǵ˵ģͿ㾫ͨĳ̶ˣ𣿡
ĪʫӨƶǶӣĪ˵ĪʫӨҲֻܹԹԵѧ
ôӦù˰ɣĪ
ĪһǸӣҡҡͷУ󣬻еĻǾˣ԰ɣͷʯӼͣͲУˣ˵
Ī׼õģصԭ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲѣĪҲǵһ֪Ƥë浱Ҫʱ򣬻ҪǺܶ飬˵ô͹ķȡصķϣԼʣµĲϸҪһѵĲϣ
⣬ЩĶôǲˮҲǸ⣬ש̫ǮˣЩչҲȽϹĪʱرִˮడˮһʯȥͦģ
ԭ֪ʯͷճʯңȻˮΪʯҼˮͱʯʯˣѵԼҪˮ쳧ܿ
Īɣ붼Щ̫ˣҲ֪ܲܳɣҪǲоǺܷѹ
ĪհɣЩյʦߣҲãֻҪ񣬲ˮˣľģʽʲôҲûɶҪ
УҸʦĪĻ
Ҫ࣬ҹղôҪֻҪƽˣǵøԷ۰öԷȥҲУĪ˿ӹˡ
Цѣֲǵһΰ£ô˲ģ
ŪصʱĪͬʱоƾƾⶫĶ֪Ҫ󣬰ѾᴿⶫֲǸ˳ԵģĪׯʼռù׸׻СԼùĸȹʳЩũͿԱɾƣüʲôǣǵ
Īׯռù׸ЩԼҵĺ׺ùﻻģ뻻ʳģҲԻǮ˵˻治١
ƣũԼͻᣬĪׯ붯֣ȰЩùʳϴˣЩùĲϴȻϹˣټȵ֮ĲĪûϸֻҪȻ˶һõߣ˸ֿ˺üڴ
ҪľҲϣ涼һڹͨصװãһ˿Ϸ죬㲻©Ĺǣм۶Ǹ۶ƤϣŪɳͲ״ģȻĩһǣһһϡ
ߺΪһĹкüȻһͬĹƤͲ״ģĩĽͷ
Ҫ˵Īִļ򵥵ˣϾ;ѾʱĶֻҪ󲿷־Ϳˡ
ҪѾᴿΪƾ⿿һ϶ûãʱҲûĹգĪҪľǷᴿᴿôĪȻ֪ƾܴﵽٷ֮٣ֲҪǸȣֻҪƾƾͿˣٷ֮ʮľƾҲƾƵġ
õľƾֱװľͰմʱ˾ͻˣϼϺõľͰͿˣôȡþƾܷ㣡
Ψһ鷳ǾƾִõǲŴûļĪõմɣϺõĴҪ״



ھʮ ɹ
ּ֮ľھʮ³ɹĪһ޲ҲĪҪǴɣֲƴֵ˸ʦʱֵǮҲֵǮǵλߡ
Ҫ˻ͦ׵ģĪһӾİ˸ʦȻ˸ʺģҲҪõׯӣȻǸʦĴҪ״
ĪҪ״ĪŰѹǴɵоʦ˳ʦ䱸СӣҲǸʦæҲѧͽ
ƾ滹һšڸӣšϱĪũ޲ȻϸϸǸš۶Ľʵʵģһ϶֣ȻٰšװھƾϣϸӣȻҲմġ
ȵƾѾ˳ͷʱĪòȼ
վڱϺĿ˾һĻ⣬ʲô
𰡣רþĻôãûбú͵ƺãĪҲܾϲڸŪɹ˰ܹú͵Ƶǹɴ̱ǵζ
ȷʵǺãΧⶫͣҪ˵ŴʲôϾ˵ʵȽ٣ΪƵĶ̫ˣҲվܺһ㣬ĸղ
޲ޣĪNɪĵ
̲סЦNɪĪĶѣ̲ס˵Ī֣Ҳǿûˣ
Īʣʲô˼Ҳôң
ͷʵд棬ǳĪдĶ
ŪĪЩ˼ˣһ죬Ҳ˼ʵˢˣˣ˵˵˵
ɬĪ̲סЦˣԼϱǿɰ
Ҫø￴ٳЦңߣĪĵʱĪڲٶЩ췽ҹ̷߰ģһմɣһڿӣһҪƬȵȵĶ
ĪӸȻиȣҲûôģֹһεȰĪϧĪ涼Ȱˣֻ֮֮ÿοĪ¶ʱ̲ס˵һ䣺ŵڣ
ȻĪôˣҲû֧ĪжҲ޶ȣĪɶ㣡
ʵҲܹĪӷãĪҲȷʵܼͦҵģΪƾƣùףƣֱľƾƣǰǰȥûһǧҲǸմʦأ˸ׯӣׯӳ⻹еأؼǵҲˣνҲûռׯӣ֮һ仰˱ģǲǰϹǮ
˼ģǲҪǮģüһֵŮҪ⣬Ҫ
ȻǸģǸȥǮ٣ǰǰڻһǧ˰ɣȴûмʲôЧҪǿǸʵƭˣǶָǲǸʹأ
Īÿÿʱ򣬾˽ҶѵĸϽţţоԼЩΰ˵ķˣǸ߰
ȻĪڼߣڴҿʵЩϣźֵȿȣ
һͥҲĪϹڣҲĪҳ躢ӣȻ֧֣ĪҪҪʲôᾡĪҪǶʵûۿټи޿ħĪûܵʲô
ڣĪ֤ߣϵʱˣ
ݣĪӸĪСֵҪˣĪоʱ򰡣ʡˣѾȲ֤ϵǣ
ȻĪ㣬ǰĸָʾƷȻ¼ƻҲĿĪĪ˵ɶֻ˵á
ϳĪͺܻкȥ鷿Ѿһȥ鷿ˣ
òȥȥɣͲȥˣѧϰѧһˣЩˣŮŹħ˵õĸϹһһݣżٵأ
ĪȴǵˣҲǸ˵ѧϰˮۣ𣿡
ûЩԸĪ᲻ˣѵϢ£Ъȥѧ
Ī򲻹ܣȡҲҪһȥϲҪһ𿴲Ź
ȻҶýĪЩ֣ȴ鷿ߣĪС龫ֵģ㣬ǲҪʲô£Ȼôоô֣
ȻĪĸĪСһ¡
ĪСҼҴȻħϣ



һ ϱ
ּ֮ľһϱף㣬鷿ôôãʲôĪСܵÿ죬ۼ⣬Ϸ˲Ծ
ȻĪҫʱˣĪ֣صҽ;ƾƣȻͼĪСҪȥæС
Ȼģ˵һעҪ˵ƾƵĻǱú͵ƺãԼҿʹҲЩΣԵģһѱըɶģôҵսľģ
ĪӲƵĵȻȻǾͲ˰ɣ
ûµģʵǸտʼõʱİϰߣϰˣϸ˵ЩͿԵģǰȫģĪ
Ҫ˵ĪϹڣĪҲһЩԣΪȫûҪóȥΪһΣԣͷˣڲ˵ǲҪ鷳һ̫ߵˣϵĲҵˣǮҪƣǸ߱Լ˶ǮǾǰӣǼҲûӣ
һͦϡģĪôһ˵ҾЩҿˣҲ鷿ĪյƾҲôԶԶġ
ȻˣƾƱĪãҲȫ
տʼļ죬ʹõսսأϰˣԽƾǸöˣãûú͵Ǵ̱ǵζÿҲʹˡ
﹫Ǿƾƣ棬ĪǸ˶˼밡ѾɿյģҪЩùʳʲôĲٱ˷ˣȥ
ôһ﹫Ī˵ʲôػʲôǴɻʲôЩڴˣָܳأ
﹫һֱԼѧ峵ȻҲˣ죬ҲЩ԰ģϱȵԼԼû֪ʶٵģĪҵĺܶණЩ˼룬˼άˣ죡
Ȼ˵ɼɷϵЩɼʹǱ
ƾڳԺĪЪˣȻۣ˿Ŷۣ
һ꣬ĪˣͬʱҲǰ켰һ꣬ĪβģԭΪһͨũҿүүûڣӦûС
û뵽ȴǳϵ֣ͦεģûиĪ׼һϺõļʵҪŮμӣĪԼûϼԼû£ȴڲʱԣʵĸװæҽæġ
ĪǺ⣬Ǿͦʵģһͺˣʲôҫ֮ģ治⡣
ȷʵûûرôǻտϷ˾ԪϱΣûʲôѣǲƯɰ𣿲һ֣
⣬տүӸտҲμӣҲһҼ֣Ҳֵͦġ
ȻˣЩ˵ĲμӲǹ񣬾أϺף
ĵĪȣû˵Լļ񣬶ԷȻҲ֪ϡ棡
ĵӴ׾󷢣տ﷢Թһһģ鲻ѡ
ԭҲ˵ҪμĪļģոոտ˸ûãûа취ˣֻտæϺ
Ȼϼҵˡ
ΪֶĪϼүҲҪμӣдʣδϱļܲæһ˼ûҪ㿴Ųţ
Ϲ
Ҳͬˣʱ˵үӣҲû˻ỳʲô
ǣү̵ʰһһžˣȻһˣǸʦĸš
ϹҪ׼һѻģͱүӺܻĲϲãʱϹһ簡ĭӶϹˡ
Ϲۣ
㣬ϣˣսʤ˶ӵĸǸػһսʤİ޳ˡ
ǣûʮһ¶ʮ֮ǰĳһ죬һ嶶ӵ˼һƽƽӼһĪСׯĴš
˭׹ƽһӦһ߹š
ĪСׯ𣿡үʵ
ǰǣ׹ƽɫĴүһۣ˿žͲһ㣬ƽϴͺڣ컻˸ơ
Ұϱģ˵ϱҪˣμϱļ񣡡үЦеĵ
׹ƽԲ˵ɶҸղſˣʲôϱˣ
ȻûһĪͱýйȥˣи˼˵Ҫ㣬˵ϱ



һһ ϱ
ּ֮ľһһϱõʣǲҵĳҲǴɣòڣ
ȻһͨԺ޹Īöȥ˿һͼһ˽𵶴Ӵһ˿ƣ
үһˣһĸˣһСˣϻΧһȦë׵Ķ˵ĿɰһͲµԼϱĺϱǰɣÿ濡Σ
Īүһϱ֪
ĪҲǲļţϸһүӣҲ񰡣Ҫ˵ģܾĸǶ۾˰ɣһۣԵ˼Խľ
˼ңȸ˵˵˭ȻϱɱϴˣͷҪǼ޲ȥô죿ĪҲЦеĵ˼ͦкøеģһǸദ˼ҡ
û£ҪǼ޲ȥͼ޸ӣүһĪϲôεѾͷã
ĪνþȥˣɫЩÿ˼ЦеģҲûʲô⣬ȻЩϹЦһ£˼ң˵˵˭𣿡
׼Ұɣ׼ãǼģүҲõ
һɫʱһ£ϵЦ飬ŵ㾪ţϣүӣã
ĪͯһԸүӻϲģһ֪ԭүү
ĪүүҲԣ캮ضĲ˵ʹһ˾͹ˣ·϶ﰡ
Ҳǣæүӣүӣ緹ҪûԣóϣҪˣȻ⽣ǰͦóԵģְõĴһ
үǲģ˵ҲЩʿˮаɣ鷳׼ˣ
þȥ⽣ҲûöʱˣҪǳ̫ͷͳԲ˿ɲá
ò˵ĪҪõģҪǷǰָӱҪԾҪ˳Աܲ˼ҲʲôʱῴȻǡİš
үûʲôԵģͽŵϲ˸ϺƤϺƤҪһ㣬ζȻóټӵ˿΢һһζ
ĪүӵүӣиƸ˵һûУƸҲ֪ʲôȥˣû
ţ˵ˣүӳһƤҪǸǰүӿ϶Ҫۣ˵ɶҪ˵ɶզأȥﻹҪСӻ㱨Ƥǲǣ
ôϱǰͦϲϱүӾԼǱ̫ˣͷҪǰôõϱ˿ɲã
Ī룺Ȼ֪үүҪҲ˵һˣ
ֵͬһЦǾͺãƸƿˣԵȣĪ
˾ţǱ߷Ը˽үӣԷʲôɿڵûûʲôԵģ
үӰڰ֣ãʲôܳԣûɶԵģ
үҪӣٺոϲӣˣһɣȻǶ𣿡ʣˮѼܲ㣬ѿ㹽
ȻЩûһүʿˮˣΪɶͦԵģУҪ֣ܰ׼Żˡ
үٴΰ֣㣬㣬㿴ŰžУϣ˼ҲʳȻ͵͵İѿˮսȥ
룬ǾһɣȻ⼸Ƹ·ͦƣģһʱЩĻϻ𣡡
ԣԣû⣬ҪסܾãʲôóԵľϣַϣҪǳԲ񫣬Ӵ˲ȥˣֱסˣϱң
ĪүӾرϲԾľʹǰӾǸܲͨ󣬸оͦģɫȵܲͨЩ졣
Ĺ⽺ܿˣүһͺʳҲ㣬滹ͣζһֱ갡涼ˣ
үҲЩֲסˣѮûкֱԼԡ
һ⽲֭࣬ͺܶˣ֭ΪôһֱģǽһŨǽʶˡ
Ȼ󻹼˵˽ʲôζˣ̲
룬үӶѾˮˮˣȴԼԣԼеģһ룬û˼˵



һ Ҫ
ּ֮ľһҪүӸڴˣӰӦͦóԵİɣԼûˣﶼóԣߣҧôˣӰӿпгζǰɣ
ү뵽һԹܳϣүӶ׼Ҹϲˣ
ү˶ˣŶүӵүӣҪҪȻطЪԷʲôҪûУҾ˰ߵϰ߰ˣ
үȻ˵ûϵˡ
ȻþȥξգĪߡ
ڼ˶࣬ͦģЩƽﶼдɨֻҪѱʲôϣͷӷϾͿˣȻ󷿼Ҳ򵥣ˮ豭Լƾƣ
һҲ֪ʲôȥˣֱҪˣûл˼ˣүһֱôҶڵҲͦ˵ģӣû׼ڵصģϹʲô
Ȼүӷ˻ˣˣǾȳ԰ɣ˭֪ǳСʲôʱҪһֱأ
ĪȻûˣСžͲˣͷˣĪʾһͻݵģǰѲ˲һЩƸţͷƸֳܳɵˣڱȻ䣬̨ɲ䣬տˮ̨
үڴһܳԵˣүӿյúЩӨ͸ıӾʿˮܺóԵӣ
үӣӣĻͦģǲ֪ϲθڣøܵȻʣҪ˵𣿡˼ҶĹأ
үӵ֣ãã׼ҰǾ̫ˣǼأǿ㣬Բңƽôô
ȻЦӦˣʵҲûпÿ˵ϰ߲һǿģȻˣȻҪĿЩ
ڲϣүӸ﹫棬мүӲʶ﹫Ⲣ﹫мк﹫ĺȻǹϵ˵ˣ͵ġ
ȻүӾʵȸԼһӣտʼүӲ֪ΪʲôҪõӣһһӣȵүӳԵʱŷֲԾ⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣؼڲõܳԵö
Ӵүǽһжһһڵĳűӣ˵óԣζŵȴ֣ܺóԡ
һ飬үӻӳϵڶ飬ѮͲòסүˣүӣղѾһˣ
үӲˣһ̿ӣզأѵóһΣҳԹ񫰡
үӣҪϣѮޱĵ
үӣԲۣ⻰ˣ
ĪЦ߯ˣ
еĴԲүӣӣջʲôʱǶ˵ˣûϲأҲǼҵķ˲˵жãζǲģʲôĵطҲǺúøĽĽ
ƣ˵Բȿǵүӵܲסָү̨¡
˵ܲ׼ҵӱ
үӺѮһͣˣתĲˣүӾ;õĻһ㶼ûȻǼҵķ˾Ǳȱ˼ҵĺóԣҲ˵ΪʲôζãϲҲԵöĺζ΢ζˡ
ȻүȻŵģ֭ر·þ֭ܳ뷹ͷҲȣͷҲ֪ʲôôôúأȻ󻹼˵ˣζˡ
ȻǺķĵĻ˷˿QĿڸУ˼ҳԵöܲ廨ҲԵö
Ҫ˵ЩүӾȵǾȻҶˣ⺮ʱⶫɲ򵥣˳ı̵̱ģῴ˶࿪θˣ˶ϸ۵ģӴܳԵöóԣԣ
үӾþͳⷹˣˣ
˷ĪҪ̫ȭģү˵̫ȭˣһֱҪʶʶãѧһѧ
п֣пŵҪ˵𹦷үӶûѮͨѮһ̫࣬ȭһ㰡ǶõģҲܶԵеģ
֪ѧʱѮҲһһ۵ѧˣѮĸɣĪǴЩ
̫ûүҲȣֱӻȥϴ衣



һ 
ּ֮ľһ¹ϴʱٴүӾȵˣԲ۾С˵ʲôܷˮܷˮԼ΢һ¾ͿԳˮϴˣȥ˭ģ̫ˣ
ɵĵͷǵģүүˮͿϴˣУǼҵĹ·ҪԼϴүү˼ˣԽϴϴүүͷ·õϴ·ͻŰϴģλͲˣ壬·ҪԼϴ˵Լ֣ʳС
߸ү˵ߵһЩأĪû뵽Сһﻹʵֻü̽ôòôԡҰˣûôࡣ
ΪˣǼŮĲýүӵķСһ˭֪СһĻͦλ
֪ʱĪЦ̲סССôôɰֻȥҪôüĶôض˵ˣ
ȴֱ׳Ϊʲô˵㣬˵ҪһͬʣԴôСҪԼˣǱʹѵҪź򣿡
ǿˣѽĪӣֱӼ
룬Īʲôһ𣿡
аͺţҪԼԼҲҪԼԼ׳ǣûҪ˰ɣԲԣ棬㻹ͿģʲôûûУĪΪһˣ׳ǲһģ棬ֻǿˣ
ЩˣǴڶ˵ô죿
ûϵǸүү˵һͺˣĪ˵껹¼ġ
Сѹʲô£СҲûŶֻһС覴ãû뵽Сô˸СһǴĴ
ҡͷ㣬㲻õģҲѹģ˵һСܶ鲻ûϵҲûϵֻҪסˣ´βٷͺã
ϻۿɰĪ̲סͷ˼СһڣСôôôɰôأʵ̫ϲˣô죿
۵Сˣ󣬴㣬ҶˣŮܲף
ôȻĪʼϸһ˯
ĵ
ĪСͷô˵Ůܲˣ
ǲһһСһ˯׺£ֱ׳ĵҵΪ̫ˣ
Ȼֺң㣬ҺҪ޸Ҹ磬ȻҪǱ֪޲ȥģ
ĪСƺƤǰɣ
һֱĪϴ裬ѾĴϽˣûⲻĪЩĲǳʲô°ɣ
ںʱ̣һĻˣһĻׯˣʵתΪũݵׯ
Ҳĵ˯أ
ĸŮɿĪȥ˯޸ҳԷ
ÿ˿Īһ£ȥ˯ˡ
϶ʺϵķˣҲûʲôĪѷ˶˳ôһȻðȥӣȻһ
ʱĪϲЩȻ涳ϣʲôʱʲôʱͿ˳ԣܷ㡣
ó
ǹͷϵҲûʲô˺÷ţͼ˵㽪˿˸Ȼ˸Ⱥϣȥȥ
ȴһ˺һӾˣһһ룬Եĺ죡
Īϣ̲סԹ˵ȥʲôȥˣҲ˵һ˵ˣУүүҪ¶ô˵
һ⻰Щ㵣ô֪ҡ⻰û˵ϷӦүүǲׯˣ
ǰϻҪһԷţûţǾȳˣĪ㲻֪𣿡
ǱүүɣĪ̲סʡ
һүүĳ࣬Īͷûүү˵и˵㻹ң
Ц֪Ϊʲôһ𣿡
ǾΪҽյϢ˵үү˭֪߲ˣүүҲ˼˵и˵ûкðɣϢ˵ģոյġ
ĪҲˣðɣû˵ˣȻýͦԩûүôԹš
Īͬļ򣺡ˣȻûµĻ˷ǾЪϢɣʲô¶˵ҲҪȥ˯ˣ
ãȥ˯ɣæ
Ա˷㣬ðǶȥϢү˯ķȥֻ̧̧ţûүסĸ䣬үӵĵУܵġ



һ 
ּ֮ľһ²ɴҲȥ˯Ȼ˯Ļһ磬һͿүүŤ첲Ťȶˡ
ɵ߹ȥүεĵүүҪôҲ˵һȻҲʹȥ
үӲΪ⣺ʲôýӵģ˵ѮҲǻʲôĵģϹʲô
Ҳܲ˵һ֪ӵϢȥһ죬ûҵ쵣ˣҲͰˣؼΪɶҪ˵и˵Ī˵ˣ
үӾȵĵɶȥҵģȻЩɣ㲻ҹׯһ죬ҵİɣ
ֻԼԩˣүүҲǽҪô˵ںʱ̲Żģ˵أû³Ա˳ŵĳȥϹ䣿
үӲΪ⣬ŶһȻ󻹹£˭ȥӵģȱ첲ȶˣҪȥӣǣ£

ֻúۣһүүʲô취үΪʲôԩûҪĪô˵ҲϧˣʵҲ֪Ҳûʲôý
ûһĪûмĪʫӨҲˣȴ̫Ȼȭǹһϼҵǹүǽһ˰кˣϱǹˣģģУ
үүЪ˰ɣͦģ˵⻰ΪүӺãҲǵĪûʲôս飬ͷ⿿Ļүүͷǵļӡ󲻺ã
Ҫ˵ս飬ȻүӱȽϷḻˣ
үٴηԼһ绢Ŀһ㣬ŭ˵ĵզأûӲأүүǰɣ
ĺۣ
ĪЩͬˣһүүҲͦ˵ȥģ˵ǰһֱΪԼǸͦģôһԱȣȻԼǸҲˣͷβܸˣĬĬĸ˵Ǹ
ȻûԱû˺
аүүҶս鲻㣬ȷʵȽϴҪСĵĪЦЦô˵ô˵ԺҲʹȫ
ǵүӲˣҲ˼Īϱˣ˵ĵզأϱҲǰɣôĪ˵ӣû˵
ĪҲˣ˿
үӶԼǶ˻ͦģ˵ĪһԺְڻ׼ڣر
ѮȥˣĪȫսɣʲô⣬߿ţġ
Īֿһۣصõ޵ĵͷſֽŸүӴ
˵Īֵഺ٣Ȼս鲻ḻһүϵ׳սḻҲСϾЩˣһʱ˵Ƕù൱ѷ֣
үӴǺ죬þûи㾡˵ĶԴˣڸҲǸǫãǵǼװʹӮҪ˼Լӣ֮ӮҪŤ
ԻǸĪȫĴ̹ĪȻûзˮӮҲǿԼʵܲ
ĪҲûдôˬˣ൱Ķֿɲ׵õģĪ﹦õľˣһѧ츳ȽϺãһҲãйĪ˲ѧûʲô츳С츳Ҳϲ
ԸĪ˶սûɶоڸս汻ŰǱŰĲҪҪģһλ͸ˣ˻ƵģֱȻǸĪ̫ȭãĪûᵽĦ
үӲ̱ڵϣһֻ̹

ȥүӷүүˣ̫ӣ
үֲ飬ִʱĪҲˣŴүүһȥǱɣҲˣҲþûôʹˣ
ϱ治С⹦ѧ˼ˣүʣĪ˵ֻѧ꣬үһĴȣϱѧ츳ôôѧǿϧˣҪѧǹָϺˣʮѧЩˣ
ѮҲЩȣϸĪһҲĪֳţһĻѧ츳ƾͲЩϧˡ
ǰҲûô࣬ŮôͦεģĪҲЦЦû˵ԼûǸҲȷʵûôࡣ



һ ֱŤ
ּ֮ľһֱŤǿϧˣүͦϧģϧҲı䲻үҲᣬԺԻȥϴ˸裬ȥ緹
ŪĻǱȽϷḻģ뵽үˣҲүӰ⣬ϡȻܲڶӡը⽡ɡˡж
Ȼүһ˵ܲڶİӣһ˾ͳȻϡɣŪͦģҧҲһСһСڵȻȥүҲûٳԣųԵĳˣҶˣ
緹үڰɻʳڣ׼ңҲǴ죬զǼһأ
ŶԼׯֵģûɶҶˣͻ¿ζĵ
ʱֳүӻǲţ
΢ЦǵģүǸȤҸʱȥׯߣʵǸׯӣׯҲֵģûǸׯƷֶ࣡
ððϱæ˵ɣ
үӾĪסˣһ춼үӾ;ԼӦĪׯʵ̫ˡ
Ϻʣʻǿ˰ģϾԺǻ⣬ܶǰ飬ҲˣҪ˰æ²ñ˰æԼҲЩˣñ˰æܾòþͲԼˣҪʵųϣǶ಻þ
ĪԺͲһˣѵ飬Ҫ˲ܰæɵģأԼҲˣҲǿˣ̹ܲǽһˬ˵ɶ˵Լһûأ
ȻѾǶˣĪׯһٵľǷ߲˵ĵطȥˣȷʵǲһͦ鷳ģѹǲ˼ô
ү̵˵Щϱģкܶ˼붼ϱģ
Ϊ߲˵¶˵Ī˵һ굽ͷûЪںĶܿɲף˿Ҳ̹
СѧûϿΣүӺƤԭѧʦԽѧõĺӴȭ
Īĸ˼ɵıԼ˵Ĳһү̾ΪֹֻԼ·Ĵţ
ˣĪҵ˶үӿú˳ۣΪĪҵ˶ܻϰɣһʹû¶Ҳ۳̣ǿ־ڴȭ
үӴ۽磬ͬʱһؾô˻ǿԼѧϰģ
үӺڵֱĴȣѮѮ˵ôõĵطôûأҪҲܵǣȻĩ˾͹ˣССӣҪ˵ׯô͹ˣҪȵڲżʶ
ȻЩ⣺Һӻ飬û˸ӣӶ֪ϱǸģȻ֪Ҫأ
һͶѮѵûзүӣЩͬһ죬͸ܵ˲һĸоʱǿ˷̵֣Ȼ󵽴һٵľ˿˺йĸо
û죬͵Īһ죬ƫƫĪݵǰһ죬ĪǾͶˣ﷢Ҳˣտ֪ԺҲˣܲɶˣĪҲˡ
ȻĪӼ˲ŷ˼ˣĪһ˲ȶˣϹ˰ģԼǰ
ĪڶҲˣֻһʼıɫ˾ͻָ򶨡
ĪСҲ֪үӵݣǳţ»ټϼҲûʲô쳣ĪСپ͸ˡ
ˣǲ֪үӵݡ
үӶĪӵıֻͦģ֪ԼԺĪȻЩС˼ңүӺ⣬˼ҵְķУͱȽͨ˼֮үӻͦġ
Ҫ˵¶ҲøĪڵºڣ˶öԷĪǣ˭֪˶ûߣ
Ī˯ʱѵõЩֻǺøĪһʣĪҲûƢ֪˵ʲôˣ
ĪļĪûɶĸоǿҪǿһԹԼҲ֪Ҫ
Īʵģһ룬ë¶˵һԹı飬Գ˰ɣ
ԹˣԼĺܲңϱԼ
Ҳ̲סˣЩСĪǲͶһֱˣһֱĪ۲ΪУǽһİ



һ Լ
㵽Īʡ
㲻ңһſھָ
Ī뷭ۣôˣ¶˵¶Թ￴Ӱ÷
Ҳģ㶼ôˣԹʮĵ
㲻㲻˵ô֪㵱ɣĻ׳棿Ī
ίͰ͵ģòң
ĪûƤˣΪֲ˵ˣֶԽĹˣ
Īػܲסˣ⼸Ҳ֪׳ʲô磬ڻûãСϱƵģܲˡ
ĪЭˣðɣðɣҴˣΪʲôģ
ʱˣίͰ͵ģǵʵģ
ǣⲣĵô£δϹûɣŰܵδϹûɣʲôʱͱŮˣ
Ī뷢ģɿҲûޣԼµδϹô죿ֻܳ£
װģδģģĹ㣺ΪʲôģĪϵıҲܵλʵmmpˣҪٲ˵ŪŹ֣
Ҳ֪ǰˣǸоΣա
Īװģʱ죬ЩɬѽȻˣδϱôôߣ˵ôôأǵģ
ȴ̵ģϱ˵װģȻҵģ
㿪˽ڣտˣ﷢ҲˣǾˣǺǴ֪㼰ǵģǲģ
֪ҲͦȵģĪҲúܾȡ
ȴĵĴ⣺û˵ˣͲ𣿡
Ī֣˵ʲôأҸҲͽ׵Ĺϵѣʲôϵ㿴˼ҺҲû˵ʲô˵Īȥ˼ұФң˼һ񾭲ɣ
ĺһߣõģһҪ֪Ϊʲôô죡
Īܵĵͷţţװķ˵Ķԣ
ٴ⻰ˣȻü۵ҿȻ͵͵һ֣һץסĪ֣һ㣺ҵģֻҵģ
ĪǲˣЩЦôˣ㲻˵˵ʲô֮ͥ£
ղһװĵʱֹһ䣺ߣ֮ģΪûǩˣ
һ£һĵкߣϹ˵˵ӣܳϣ
ĪЦһǲ֣ĪĳЦǲ֣ĪҲϾ˿ǵһôǣأǺܲ׵ģ
Ҳˣɴ˾ɽϹһȦʹûʲôɫҲѵõԼһ¡
˾㾲Ĳ˵պܺá
ִůĪС⣬һһСгˡ
ţĪȻƸ磬˵Ҳ֣Ϊʲôտ﷢Դףƫƫ˸ɵĺ
Īʵ̫ˣҪ˵УҲҪտ﷢ôһɵĺأ
Ϊ֪տ﷢˼ˣ
ô֪Īǲ⣬漴ǲʲô
ϴŵ⣺ǣ֮ǰҾͰˣôûûεԼδǰε֪Ųһ˼ֲɵ
ĪĿʲôʱʲôѹ˵ˣ֮ǰ﷢ϹһҲ֪ʲôˣۿĿԼҲûԼǰˣҲһμ
һ£Լֶλǲ˼Ī˵ģϾЩʣʱ򲻾ã˵ʱЩ˵ڡ
ĪˣôģտҲͰˣǸͽˣؼ﷢ĪһֱͦԲ﷢ģ˵˲ˣȴתͷ͸ˣ
Ҫ﷢˵ɣֲ֪ôڣɷˣҲ֪ôһծȴû뵽ȻɫĽˣĿǰ﷢֮ǰˣЧãȻˣϾҪʲôԾҲ
ĪԽ֪ôģ˵ĪͲ˻յ֣Ƹ磬˵˵ôģ氡̫ˣ
ĪεķҵģĪѵõɱǾ޴ģ
סˣ

һ ڶ
ּ֮ľһµڶһĪЦЦˣ㣬Ƹ磬㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ЦҲסˣ˵òЦģ㻹˵𣡻Ϊ㣡зڴ̳ˣѵŹ갡
ʵİ취Ҳûô𣬲ǺƤű﷢ã﷢˼ɷѧʶ򶼱﷢ãݺݵĴһ﷢˵Ȼ
ȻҲû﷢Ҳ﷢˵þˣһθͬȥʱŮӱƦå۸﷢ͦӢ۾ţǱ˾Ѳ̷ֵŮ̷Ϊֱҽ̼ҷҲã̷ֵŮӴ˶﷢࿴Ҳ﷢ɵĲ֪ȻһĵĪ
ȻͰ﷢һѣ˸ˣǰȥ̷ֵŮ̷歳⣬̷歳룬Ӯ﷢ģȿȣģ
Ȼ˸ǣߣ˵ͷҾҪʼˣ
˵ôõĶ󣬻ܾɵӣֲɵӣ뷼⣬˵̷Ҳ⣬ʱͬˣ׼ȥأϾ¶зŮӲźÿҲȢļƣ
ǴŵҲĺ°з㣬ǲڸв֪
﷢Ƹ뷼Ͳ⣬Ҳ˵⣬˸﷢Īǲܵģ̷Сܿ˵ͲƶģҲ⣬ȥң
Ȼ﷢Ĳ˵ϻûʲôоϲ̷С㣿
ôܣΡ䡱̷СദǸоͦõģֻҲû뵽
ٺ棬̷֧У̷Լ﷢һΪ﷢ĸԸͬ£󻼣
ԼҲܶԵ﷢ˣðɣ
ˣˣҲЦˣͣǣҲ㣬ǿأҵôû뵽һأƸⷨӺãģرĺãĪסЦģʵûסؼǱѪеĳ߽˵ˣ﷢ǵҲʲôο﷢˵ǳ׹ȥˣ﷢Ҳܺá
Ī˵ɫźÿȻĪЦü䣬͸˿̺˵ģ˵ƻƵģЩ
ǣٴ˸͵
ȻĪ㡱ʱ䣡
ûжãȻ﷢Ҫ׵ϢĪ˼ȥҰæտıȻǲҲȻʶһЩѣ˵ϢأȻˣЩ˽ҲпҲ̫бˣ˸ϱȻѲŮҲ֪ôһʻôͲţϣء
ܿҪˣϼүʲôʱȥүֱظȥˣҪΪĪׯѧҵשߣ׳ԼһͬʱҪбúѧϰʵĹ
յԵϵŵϹʲô
ΪɶϵȻļȣҪ֪ĻΪҵ˵ڶأ
үȻĪׯҵ˵ڶֻǸҵԼˣ
ԭүûԼʲô⣬ĪׯԺ󣬷Լ⻹ͦģϣȻƽҲ򣬵ʱͦеģе뵱ˣĪׯŷԭҲܺܳʵ
ϳ󣬾ȥϿΣȻȥѧΣЩ˵ͷΪǶ죬ѧ֮ĿγһϽУȽϲ䣬ӡ
ûѧˣҲõͷˣǾоɳģ⣬ɳ̻Īү̫ģDġ
ʵʱҲɳ̣ҲģĪȽϾ£ɳҲ󣬷кܶ๤ʦҪɶʱ޸ģɳ̻˺üֲͬĳȻүӸȥȥģĪƲǵ
Ҫ˵ɳĪΨһһдµĽÿɳ̿ݣҲֻΪϷȻĪүӸ˶սӮ
үĲֺ˵оҲû
ȻүӻһʱúѧϰһĪоЩôģʱ£ũһⷽĪʹûĪүˣ
⣬ĪС˵Լ飬ԭȻǸˣһֱС˵ⶫѵǴ֮ãĪׯԺ˵С˵ĪдģүӱŸϱӵķϳһȻ㣡

һ 
ּ֮ľһ죬ڸһѮүڱϿţſžЩˣ
үȻ򲻹ȴҲܿԼӽܴ󣬲ɵöѮѮûпôСӵĹܴ󣿡
Ѯͷȷʵˣ˵ţѮǰͣȻԴ
ǰѮ¸͹˼Уû뵽ˢӣ
ȻˣҲͦ˵ģɼǵԭѮ߲С
ѮôоЩԣ̫ȭ𣿡
ǵģЦŵҷְ̫ȭȥڶԵеʱаѧ̫ȭ֪ΪʲôöȷʵаÿˣΣԭΪǹȭһЩ˶κˡ
Ѯŵȴֲȷû뵽£
ѮͷǾˣúõовĵطңˣѮŸүӵүӣԺСƵĳɾָһأǴСѧ츳ãһʼ͸ʦ˹˳˳һ·ʹҲ
ү˺ܸˣϱͦģ
Ѯܸоصˣǲ˵ˣ
ʵүӲǹעصˣǳˮˮˣĹߵĺܿ죬ҲΪѧ̫ȭ˵ĪӾȻĪ־˻ͷ϶з͵ģĪҪеģ϶ӹٽŮ˿϶ɷԿɲ
ȥĪϢĪտʼûôϣȻ֪ѮǱڣͦġ
ȵĪһѮ̶ԺĪȻˣƸͷУ˵ΪʲôĹ̫ȭ壬ҵľͲУ˵ҲУ
Ѯ˵ɲ𣿡Īʡ
Ҳ֪ѮıֲǿԵӡ룬
Ұôĸ˵ɣٶһ£ʲôģһо
˵ţſڣ˵˯ῪʼΣεǰ飬Īҵӣֻ½ƬΣûкȫ룬˻ȥŵȻͷȫָԺٸĪϢ
֪Īڲ⣬ǺģǸĪһԺԽǰĪҵӣ֪ʱôĪദģ϶Ҳкܶû䣬ĪҵģиĪġ
ǴĪӦԺźڿܿˡ
⸱ֹıʱĪԼĹʲôһԸûע⵽
Ī̧ͷͷ֪ʲôǴߴƸ磬㲻˵ҪĹҿ𣿡
õģع񣬿ʼԼĹһ飬ȻֿĪģȻ˿ʼۡ
ֵʱŵĺܿ죬Īһֱٵķչţʵҿֵ֣оʱţȵ꣬Ҷ꣬ĪҲŻȻԭôˣ
ʱı仯ĲµΪЩŬ˺ܶĶϧʱ⣬ϧµܻлرģĪˡ
ĪӾԺѧϰ﹫żָ㣬д涼ҽС黭Ҳ棬ЩСѧ˱Ȳϣнǿ϶ģ⣬ڽʡ﷽Ҳܶ࣬տүӵָѾԳʦˣټүӵָ㣬ڹٳϵжҲǰߺܶ࣬һ¶֪
ĶɼҲϲ˵ģĪõйĹ֣нֵָ㣬ܼһЩ˼ʹϵĴҲòҲܲһ걻ŶҲӸӵ񣬵ͬʱ磬ܴ÷ĪҲûлżĪ˵飬Ҳ˵ϻ
Īı仯ǳſˣĪŮװҲûϲֹΪĵı仯ΪĪľĺǻûڷڼţ̳ƶɶģ֮ǰ͹̣͹£ΪĪ׳ˣ˫Ƥ۾ˮ΢ڰ׷Դ飻ٶϸ͵Сұĳ࣬Цǽģ
ǹǮƵɣ򾭹оŬҲʹ̫ȭĸٶǿĻǴ򲻹ΪŮ֮Ĳ죬ԽԽ򲻹ǶӻǿԵģǱȰ


һ 仯
ּ֮ľһ±仯ǮƷ棬дĺҵģԭһ³һжʮ㣬ĪѾµ˲һˣŵԶԽԽ࣬һУĪ£طĴ
ϾʱִһûôݵٶȣɵĽҪһͳȫȫǮ治ףҴأܸ̽ã
ȻԺ󣬺ҵӯܴﵽҵ֮һˣһܿµ֣Ī׬øӯ
Щ꣬ĪǮûڸͶˣڶͶʣĪûȥҲûʲôǺǱˣҲڶǣտҲЩڶǡ
ĪֱׯӸ̣ԭĪҺæģǺ룬ֱˡ
ҲĪׯӸֺ̱ãΪ̫ӸӵԽļҸԣ꣬ӻǴ·£ٱڻҵĹԱӵ̣ЩǶӵı۰̫ȻҪġ
Ժ󣬾Ī˸ֳɵıˣĪҡտҡҲڶð˲ҵҲǿǵԺпڶǷչ
ߣĪͷִ˴ܣȻ࣬ѾʱĴ󲿷Ůˣָߵˡ
ĸͷֳ˳˵ԽЭˡ
ĪСѾȫӦԺѧˣҴӵλ쵽ǰˣ벻﹫Ľ̵벻ĪСٵ츳ڷܣĪСҲõ˻رʮ꿼ţ＾﹫Ż˵ҪĪСȥˡ
ĪС﹫£ȥҲſˣǾ˵Ļңңڣ鷨滭﹫ָ£ԽĳɫԺѾС
ĪСԺԽ࣬﹫Ľ̵£ɼϣԭΣ﹫ıȺڻػؿһһֹһƵһ˵вѧɼѧɼǰǰ꣬ĪСͯ˵ĪСһģҪˡ
ĪСɼ̫ãЩβͣÿݶʱΪÿλҪʦ﹫ȫޣ޿
ʱĪС﹫ǲ˵ڵˣԲŻ
ĪʫӨҲѾһСѾͷһͤͤСΪŹֺѧϰʹûϹŮѧоֹǷֺ𸮳ǺĴҹҲֺ
ȻˣĪʫӨҲ׵İĪĻ᳹ףɣׯŮҲǰ֤̬˿©ֻ˿ķݶ
ûڣԼǰЦٻ⣬Ŀ⣬õĲˣ
ĪʫӨӦеģŲ֣̊ϵĻҲȻĪƽƽҲܶԸ󺺵ģܼҵҲ
ϾĪִ˼ĴţļҪɫѣĪСǣ
𿴴ҶɾͣĪҲûǸҼӻĪڶׯӸ̣ĪĪҸһǮڸļֱ̣ȽС̣Լ۱ȶ࣬Ϊ˹ƽʱҲǳǩļ̣˭鵽ļҾļҡ
ЩԺĪСǸԵĲƲˣȥ͹ǹܣҪֻȥʲôǿԼ⣬òĿճôҲǶҪԹ
ĪҲܼ򵥣ɲϣĸ¶С׳˻ǵܣͷҪƭˣ˵ҪǮġ
Īõ﹫֧֣﹫һ֧֣˾ûзԣĪӸҲˣ˻Ҫһµĺãôڣ̻ڵģ
ĪСٵǻû˵ģΪԺ߹;ģĪСٳòѧʶҲͷҪǶʮʱܿϽʿٶҲ٣ǻΪˣҲҲ£Ȼ˵ʹ˵ǰ;ȢСҲǿԵġ
ĪСܽҲʮˣҲүӸĪ˵ˣԺӿǲһ㣬ĪҪǶ£Ǻǣ
˵ģ˵ԺĪҪڶǵģĪСҲڶǷչڶǲиõķչĪӲڶǱϱ𣿵ʱԶϱҲðɣ
ȻˣҲ˵УرõĶ󣬻ĪСеҲԣǿϧˣƽﶼæòˣﻹ˼


һһ չ
ּ֮ľһһ·չү굹һֱĪׯţǺϼߣټĪңҪĪҪڶҵԺڶǰңŰүӺȥ
ϼҴүӻȥȻΪϹЩүӣ˵˵ԺúȺãûۿ˭ܷģ
ǣүϴ󲻿ĵĻȥȻԼĶһŷԸæׯӸ̣Ȼĩ־Լ֡
Ȼ˰꣬үӾֻصĪׯˣؿǸϹ˵ˣٽлˣôβ
ϹҲȷʵǷˣоԺүӲͬʱҲƤʵˣƤʵ˵ɶʮ㣬ǰ˰ʱҪЪһΣǰʱͣЪģᾫͷжˡ
Īտ֮ڶׯ̣ȻΪһϿ̴׬ˣ֮ǰӡˢ˽ѵһҶļƻǵһʱ٣ڸǵǰҪ㡣
Һ﷢̷歶ףںվ̷ңطҲ˵뱱˾߻û˭ôûɫĲѲӣʹѲ
ټ֮ǰӡˢͻټԺֻ۵һܵľ󻯣ٵ棬ִźҵ˳糵̴ִ׬һ
ȥ죬أҲð˼ҵĹڸ濼Եϡϰ֮ĶҲ׼ˣΪеףҲڱȽνģƷƣڸǻһ֪ȵġ
ÿи²˵ĪСĪʹŹ龫﹫дƪ£ǵʲôģǱȱ˶һЩûеơ
ֲ֮ǰӡˢӣҪѸͬģ˼Ҫ׵İҲܣ
տҸĪڶǴԺȥǶӣԺǷչ
ƿǵȽ϶࣬ԺҲпȥǷչһ档
һΪ﷢ǣȥȥ﷢϶ҪȥǷչģϾ̷ôĹ٣ԺԶ׼ģ̷ҵĸҲ﷢үڶǷչ̷֧֣϶طá
Ҳ̷ҿҵ̬ȣδϱ̬ȣڶǲׯӡ̻լӣЩ﷢һռһݶ
Īׯ꣬Եı仯ǹɲȻѮһĲ࣬Ѿһ˶ϼˣؼŶ
Ʋ棬ûôˣڰĪڣĪûڶǣڶǣЩĪӪǵЩׯӸ̡
棬˲ˣԼЩνĻԺҲбڣһھ֣ʵǲŪѾܲˡ
ȻǼСһﳤԽ̫ˣ³ΪĪׯЩСеͬĺҲǺͷȻˣҲһЩЩƤɽºģɶڣļܶЩˡ
ͷҲ˲٣ʮĴк˧׷Ҳ࣬ڼûĪСǰĻƮǺܳȵģһĺҲȣҲ֪ǲŴԭ򣬼ͬǰʱһֲŭĸоû˸ҷĻ
ĪׯĪЩҲͶʹãȥѧҽѾͷСӣȥҲӻˣЩѾڸԵĸλϷⷢɣڳЧȥĪٴһ˻ԭİ취е̡
꣬Զǵ˵ȨƵ˵ǷƮҡһ˰ɣʹڶãȥףǻڳͻȻ赹Ȼܿѹ˵ģΣ̫ӸӵԽʻȻ̫ӴϷ磬Ƕӵսеģûôױ塣
ȵ󣬿ˣϵԵ÷ƽ˾ģ·֮ǰĸֹᶼƵģ͸ɿЩˣ͸Ĵ֪˵սľⲻǱǰˣŻ״ԽԵƣ¡
һ죬Ӹ鷿һ۵Ļ˹ڶӵǰ£ϹѾҵˣ
ҵˣԣֱ壬ʵ˵
ڱ˾һũСǲǸׯҵϹӣͬʱƻ̫ˣ·
Զʱһ˵ʲôÿɷУ
⣿£̫ӵķƣȷϹũׯаڣԲܿ϶˵


һһһ 
ּ֮ľһһһ·ֶȴǿ϶ˣһɶʵǿɶ񣡡һûа̫ӸҲͰˣ̫ѹ
Ҫǰ̫ӵĶӸҲͰˣҲ׬ˣȴǸΨһһ׬ĶûиӲŹ֣
Ӻ侲һЦϴˣһΣûôõˣȻԸˣǲǣǸũׯڣ˶ţҺʱٶ֣һΣʧʧͷ
һ֣ǣ
Ȼӻӻ־ˣҪԭǰ˵ģֻǸҪнǹؼʱ̣ȱֵʱȻǰǷҲûа취Ҳûϵȵ³֮Ҳ
һ˷˱ô֣ȴһһС㲻룬ݺݵ
ЩϹһĪȻǺϹϢˣи˵꿪ܹؼ˵ʤҪˣĻҪϢҲиҪǿ裬ɲǰʧ㣡
Դˣ¾ΪȻ
ǣмǿѲߣֻġ
ʱ̣ϲæµţΪȢͶˣ﷢ȢѲŮֱðˣ֪ж¡أ
ҲһЩϵȽϺõݣйæ·ȻׯΪ̷ֶ歵ӣҲ׼Ҹˣֱڸһլӣе͵ģһΪ﷢󣬽̷歴ۺϿҪôլӣլˣ鷳¶ϾլҪάģ˲ֱӷžͿԵģάÿͻ䡣
һڼǮҲЩԽˣȢ̷正ǸȢȻȢҺСģҲã̷Լ̷⣬ǵӡ
Ҫúÿǿ죬ҪŮƸŮ⣬Ҳ̷ֶӣ̷ӵһˣ
ԣһǮЩԽˣϾׯլӻ̣ҲҪլӣҪ̷¡Ƹ̷
Ȼ⼸ƾӪзû׬Ҳûʲôһĺݵӻ
Ҳ˸լӣ﷢·ԺҪҪסԼҪȥסҲ㹻ġ
ȢǴϲ£ĪȻ岻ݴǵĸæˣҲץ׳
뷼һдϯϵĿˣҪ񣬿ǸǰλȵȣĪĪʫӨҲȥæˣ˭ǵǷǼõģ˹̵ˣǰæţǾ͸ˡ
ĪСֵܣҲ֪ǶϣͲ뵢ˣֵܻæˣϾҹϵôãæ˵ùȥ
Ҳץ׳ǰԥˣϾôţҪǹȥĻһᱻŮϳһ߲ʧ
ǲȥæûи˵ȥ滹﹫⣬ֱӴȥ
ʱȻǽŽ׶ΣüԤ׵ȥǱߣ˭óԼӵİȫȻˣģȫ԰ѼŮӣͷĪǱߣȻĪ԰æΪڣȥҪʲô£ҲиӦ
룬ֻЩԥüŮӣô᲻Щ治
һڣ﹫룺˵ϱ治ٴˣ
үҲúãԥİˡ
﹫ү˾ҡͷˣǾͲȥˣƽϿϿΣý顣
һҪԼŮӣͷʱҡɲ˹ģ
룬û˵ǰƣȴĪ˵ͣ߿ĪǱûʲôõİ취
ĪҲ﹫ͦõģ˵Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣ĶǱ߹ǽǨŭ߱ԵĪ֪ԣ
Īû˵ҪüȥǱŮװһ£Īһ룺ʱСҲ
ԺĻͼˣȻǲģܰˣǱץ׳
һ룬ĪķǱȱ˵ĺã
ڸǰģϾ·ţױʲôҲһߣڸǰǺܺ飬̷歱̷̵ֽĺܺãбʾڸլӣסׯҲͦõġ



һһ Ϯ
ּ֮ľһһϮ̷Ҳʲô˼ңȻ̷ֵĹٲС̷Ǹģ⿿ǵ㹤Ǯ϶ǲģ̷Ҳڲʳ˼̻һЩ϶ҪģҪ̷̷ֵ˴żױСҲ㾭Ӫз̷һҪˡ
̷ּҵҲǹýͰ͵ģ̷̷ָЩҲһڶķӣгϢĲƲҲǿĸֵǵ̷Լļױһׯӣһ̡
Ϊҵ˾Ʒкһ㣬ҲǸͨũңǸɱȴû뵽˼Ƶģ˵ģ˵ΪȢ̷ڸլӾ˵ԷĲˣ
ԳһʼֲŮͬķͦģ﷢С˲ظѧʶУйٿû뵽ҲԣеĺãԭΪҪȥܿţ
ϵӭףѧʶ书õȻǱѡȥɹٴˣĪСٸտҲҳΪɣӭף﷢ЩѧʶּĪСٸտǱ˹顣
Ȼ˻ص︮һءݸá޶԰ݣ붴Ȼˣ붴Ժӱ·ɹٿûôУҪӿʹͣϾһҪӪˣͷҪϣ
ֵģҲúо飬֪ͷϾ뷼ȥ͵ԵģҲŵϱ
뷼һǣˣæѾȥõԵģʺֳϳԣζֲ̫ɵĵġ
뷼֮ǰȢϱȻû㾫ϸˣϱͷСԼʹǰϱҲᣬ֪ϱͷС˼ָͷҲǣټԺָҪϱЯء
Ȼ˵˸˵ӣ̷԰Ӧûδûô
һĿ񻶣μӻ˻ã͸ϺȻԳԺȺȣ˻ֶΪ˼ǾͲͣЪˡ
տʼҵЦУҲȷʵǴϲ£ҶͦĵģٿģһЦҪͣĸ˵ɤӶҪˡ
˼ҸдģĪ־ĻˣҲæòɿ˵ֶһˣĪһλǱ˵Сˤ˼ӣҪһף
ڸĵطϲȻǲͬũˣũϯö׼ѽһ£ҸȥΣڸҪôǼֱǶˣһլӵģѾЩˡ
еΡϲõӵȵȫһ׵ģͳһĻͼˣӡӡ궼̫ģ̫ǽвϵΣ
һˣͲΰŵ¶ˣҪӦ꣬ͬʱȱʲôҲҪĪ졣
Ī컹ѼץһЩܣüƤӵ£Ҳ³¡
æµоʱŵǵϣǰ﷢ϲŵָ£˺ͷҵ˲ﵽ˶壬˵º˺ƣźȥӭˡ
һĪԼҪſˣõ˸Ǻòȥ
ɫҲˣҲˣĪȻǻزȥ֮ǰϵ͸Ī˰źס
ϼǸĪһ˯ģü˯Ǽɲ⣬ϲĴ㣬ŲӲأ
ЦˣֻĪҲͬ⣬ֻίίİǵʻȥԼĺòңÿϱվԼһߡ
Ī˽ʱĪׯһͬʱҲӭΣ
ʱĪׯȻûŻѣأүӶûǹɾ
﹫տʼ˯ͦͱүӽˣ﹫һʱ䲻ôˣ
үЩصĵ﹫һܷʲô£㶼ŶҸطã
أ﹫һһӾˡ
ǣͷӻмģ㲻õң˵й򣬾˵ѮҲᱣҵġؼ㣬ԼغˣԼʲôҪΪҾͲⱣˣҪʲôΣգҪϽǣ𣿱ԼӲڡҲʱҲϾ̫ûׯϣֻ˽¡ɱ˾ͳɣүӵ
﹫Ҳ뵽ϵͷģ໹ǺϧģˣȥæɣߣҲõģĪ»ͦȫģ



һһ Ӧ
ּ֮ľһһӦȷʵȫ֮ǰһԺĪ˵ؽѣҲɽ׼ɽһνİңҲ󣬾ֻܹ£Ȼ汸ʳϡ
﹫ȷʵ׵үҲͷſֽж
Īׯũ˵һҹǾյһҹǱͨũֺһ㣬дһ̫ȭ⣬ĲҵҲˡ
ΪĪׯзƽｨһЩԤ֮ģһ̷˾޴ãĪׯũֻЩǿʱǿٷʲôĿɲټĪҲΪѵĪׯũǣǰЩԤȥһϷӦ֡
ĪׯϵˣµӶã
¾Ͷ֪ʲô£֯սСӸ֮ǰ˵ΣʱҪﶼ֪ûз̫Ļһҡ
սһʱҵĪׯ߲ûгֻܵƤˣΪڵһϣܵ˱ȽأҲڵΣա
ЩɱȻΪׯϵİˣʵϲûУ棬ֻһ֣ЩׯģǾûϳҲ׾ҪǸտʼЩװũȻױϳ̫ˡ
ǾôʱˣЩӦ˽ɫݣԵũһ㶼ûʲô
ڶũׯԤû뵽ģһΣգũׯ֯ýУһǳҪҪ֪ؼʱ̣ѻܾܶ顣
ǲ֪ׯϣׯϾȻŰ˭뵽Ҫıһط˵ıܱŲĵطȥѸٸϵأ
ģ˱Ī̵ĲֵٻһЩģҲܰæˣС黹ģ˵ĳصĵ˻ûģǾͿ԰æȥһΪȷҪġ
壬ү򣬺֪ܿúַʽУŽôѸ٣Ҳ١
ټϼʵĪׯܵôȫˣֻҪȫⳡҲӮġ
үӵָǽһģ˲ڣҲöֳأ
ǵȵڶϣĪ˯˯Ȼѣһؼҵʱ򣬻һ²֪ʲô£
ȻȻŻ˵ϢǿżũսսˮˢմѪ·ʱֱŻ⼸Ī˹Ļ˳˳ˮѪȵһĻҲȥˣ䲻Ŀ˭ܲˡ
øĪʫӨĪСܡĪСûпģһҲûõȥ
Ī˺£ĻǾ壬ĪСٶһۣ뻹ˣǱȻǲµģֻɫҲһأĪ£ӣ͵͵һĪ֣ͷĪߵú£أ
үүڣ֪ʲôȹȥһ£㲻õģûµģҲ飬Ҫʡ
ĪȻû飬ֻǶҲҪȥˣ϶Ҫ֪ʲô£
Īô˵룬Īǿסģûԣô뿪ĪߣԹԵȥ飬ҲģΪĪô£Ҳۡ
ǣĪһ͸ĪȥүӣҲЩүӲ֪ûˡ
ĪСٱҲҪŵģҲ£룬Ұһ
Īߵ·﹫﹫˵үûʲô£Ƿġ
ŰЩȥүӡ
үһصĸȻ˵ⲨΣˣ˭֪ûһΣԻǲڷֻҪĶûн黹ǻᷢ
Īү֪Ī֪һЩҲûرܻ䡣
Ҳͬ˵ֶѴׯӵ˽йЩʣǲЩ֣ϾҲǱ¶ˣ
үȴҡͷͲˣһûзŹԲ̫ģŪҵĶ̫ˣ
Щԥ룬ҲֻߵķҪӴǡ
ĪǾãطϾҲĹһⶼΪ˼ãʵҪѼתƻضȥʱǱߵ˿϶ϲ
Էˣ˵Ѿ¶ˣдĴʩʤһԼֻһ֣Էȴıأ



һһ 
һ̶˵һζӵжǽˣʮǺֻ֣ΪɱǾûʲô֣Ǳô˭֪ǹһҪǶԷһôĺ֣үҲڷźŵѴׯӵٻŰЩ¡
үҲͦõģȴЩģĪׯߣĪׯķʩԤƣԼԵеıȴүӸġ
ȥ˾ǲѼߣϾ͵ȥҲͦģһиһǾͳˣ;Ǿûа취ƣ˱ȽٵĻȫǲģϾ˶һˣŴʱΣҲͦģ̫̫࣬ע⣬ױ
˵ˣû;ĩ·ĵزүҲأһΪһиһϸҲҪģүӵΡ
Ҳβõ
չھ־ͲͷھֵʱٽӵеҲڶǸߡ
Ī뵽˻ɽھ֣Ҫ˵Ҫ֣ҲǲУӹƲ̫ãĵ˹ؼʱ̣ǿһ£
ĪǻɽھǱߣչͷ˵һ£ھӼˣͬʱأһЩβ滻ȥЩ滻ڼЪţȻˣҲҪҺˣȲЩھֵ˲ˣҲ֪
ȻЩѣпɲԵġ
ȻǹĲˣͷѰֱɽһأʳʲôȫͽȥ͸ɿ˽ȥæʲôģҲǿԵģֻҪЩˣ
֮ͦġ
֪Īвĺð취үҲĪͷ˵á
Ψһһڱ취ˣĪһ㽨飺˵õķأƸ㲻鱨ĸһЩһζԷжΪʲôׯϵ˾ȻûзǶԷĹ̫ߣǵ̫ˣֻǵķƳʲô©ЩҪúòһ顣
ҪͣзĴӮİտ϶㣡Ī˵ܸǱ߼ѹҲŶԷ㣿òģĪֵ
үӾĿĪԣ԰ԼӿиȻˣȴҲøʶһңʶôϱ
үӵֵúϲ£죬һɢˣͬĪ뷨ˣĪûʲôİ취뷨ûУ
ĪΪĪ񶼴СǣԼϱ
ӱҲϾĪ˼·ӣֱӰѷˣõһۡ
ǣһ߰ߵϢȥһ߶ߵķʩǿĪ֮ǰᳫ˶ĵӺЧĪɴƳȫԱҲĪׯũҪ䣬Ů٣Ҫ˵ŮӣڼʱҲܰŵ㣬ȼȥżңʶֵܼ޵úò˵޲ãҲܱԼ
ĪׯũϾĪһˣΪĪҵľȷԶҶũҶǺܺõģĪҵģǵӺù֪ٱҲġ
οѧҲǱѧѧģҪѧҪǮҪѧͽ˴ģټϲŸոշΣյ飬˵ĪҷѧǲĪׯũԼǮѧˣĪׯȫû
˵ЩŮӱ̵Ժ󣬻ҲͬģʽׯտׯǱĵطĪׯῼ֮以Ȣ⣬ũׯׯǶˣǼȥС֮ĻԿһ¡
ϾϰĪׯæµӣͨũҹСûй滮ӾЩߣ
ĪׯŮҲ֣ΪúãΪܸɣԼ޵Ķ
ĪҲû뵽ôΣգʱԶ𺳣Ī˵ȫԣԼҲӣ¸ģȻѧǲӹôô˵Ҳ̵׳ûġ
ǺǵĽһЩһε飬ҲΣУǰĴˣ˷ƵģʱԶ䣬ǿˣҲҪһ£һһ㡣
ҺϮ֮ǰĪĪСٵʱ䣬ʱʱ˳һ¿ҵһ½˼·
ĪʫӨˣ͸ĪϸҪˡ
үǲ߼ģĪ뷨ͬϸҪҪǿ䣬ͬʱ߼Щ˾ɱġ

һһ ̸
ּ֮ľһһ̸ǺסΪʲôЩҪɱң
Īƽӣô˵أ򵥵ľ漰֮ܺӰս֣ҲΪ㰭˹˵飬ԹҪ㣬ûκɣ
Щ㺦£Ҫ֪ʲô£ӣǵô˵ĻвԼУȻڴұ㣬ܰȫĳһ죬Ϊһûа취߱㣬йԾȣ𣿡ĪΪ̫ԺķղֹЩ
ƶǶĵͷ㣬˵Һˣ֮ǰǽаŮװΪ𣿡
ǰɣΪǾʱûӡˣǻЩСˣؼǻлѲǣǶ֪Ƹʲôݣֻ취ǣĪ
ܶµıסĪ㣬ллǣҲлл㣡Ǻ࣡
ĪĶʱһƬӴԺôôأĪ̲ס˼ķ۵СһڡСôôأǿɲҪлֻҪСúõģСܴӦ㣬úö
ߣô˼ңĵģˣ͵˺ˣ
ͷ㣬İɣ
ĪСԴСҲõģǶᱣģ
㣡ŴۿĪ
Ǳڶǣ˵ƻȻʧˣֱòѡһǶ׼ʱٶ𣿡
˵ͷû˵ҲûԼ⣬Ͼʱʱ׼û׼ǿģûʲôñġ
鷿ĦĦĦµ֪ҪôͷԼʱ򣬶ڷˡٸһλᣬһҪٸûãǾлˣ
ʵӻ治ǲͷ֮ǰĪ˵ֵؼʱ̣һǹؼڰˣʱȥЩ
ٴθһ֣֮ǰ֣µԼ߻ԼˣȻˣӾҲӦһҪǳǸ϶ǲеġ
ʧˣӲۣҸ֪Ϊ϶Ҫɲôʵǲģ
޹ȷʵǲ֪Щ£Ҫ֪Ҫӣ̫˻Բˣⶼʲôʱˣпչϸ֦ĩڣҪǶճɹˣ̫ƨôʰôʰҪûɹˣԼأǲˣɱ̫ҲӰ̫ӰˣĿ껹̫ӣǲɵ
̫ҲӵϢʱΪŭŭָֻǣͬߵĻ϶һͬʱжŶӵֲ¡
һߣ˱ĪһȰЩȫԱ䣬ͬʱھǱߵҲȻ󻯱Ϊ
³Զе˵ǸӣһƬ£Ȼһܶǣ۵ŵò֪κϢİո˷ţȻ͵͵ڴ￪˸죬һ·ʲô£
󲻾ãͻָƽû˸ҳ֪ʲô£˺һоӦûʲôµ˸ҪִһɱģǾ͸ӵĿˣǻָƽû˸ҳ
ֱʱЩ˼ҵĲ˷棬òò꣡
ͨϰûϢ֪Ϣͨĺ֪ܿʲôˣ˵Ӹ޹ƹʧܣ̫ӾȼݣϱѪȻ̫˰ѶӸΧͬʱ޹Ҳץ
ܿ쳾䶨ϱʱ޶ֱ࣬Ѫ̫ӰѳǶټҪگ飡
̫ȴЩڣǺ֣ǾҲ̣û뵽ĸ׻Ϊ鱻ѪʵЩģ
˿ųǻûʱڸ̫˵̫ӣһֱ֪ʶΪʶֵʱ޲֪ʱҲΪŭʱѾжˣΪһֱغ㣬޸ɴŶʶĥʯڣ㲻Σ㣬ĺܺãޣҲڷİѽɽˣ
ֻǣޣиССԸޣ֪ʶ㣬飬޿⣡ϣϣ㿴޵ģϣ˶ʶһʵǸģֻǣֻǱǴˣ㣬Ƿ񻹼ǵãСʱϲʶˣңң㵱ĥʯ飬֣ϣ



һһ 䶨
ּ֮ľһһ³䶨ޣ޻ּѶʶΪˣ㣬ΪѣޣϣʶǣĶ֣֣ûвģɷ񣬿ɷǶ͸ӦãӦõĲ
ޣҲ֪Ҫ󣬹Щɣǣô޵Ķ֣֣û£ԣɷ񣡡
Ͽɵ֪ԼȻڻǻʵּۣ̫أعٲֹܣ̫ӵ²ˬзڶһңܸһ·
ȻˣʵҲһƬȸ֮ģû̫ƫģҲʥûиҪ̫ӵ̫࣬һ̫ӵɨһЩϰ˵޹ϾֱӴ̫Ӷ֣ʡ̫Ϊѡ
̫ӵȷʵЩΪѣҲܸжڻ϶ЩϾܶôڣȷʵûж˼ĥʯûеġ
˵ܶΪѣǻͲΪˣ˵ɨһЩӵĵϰӰ̫ӵ
ϵҪҲ֣ϾѶӱΪˣǶҲ˷ˣɱܣΣöӵĶгģҲǲԵģҪǶӵĶʵˣҲǿԵģȻԼҲܣϾƽ۸ô˵Щǻʼҵˣ˲ǱңԶݴš
˵ϵĸƴĲ̫ӵ²ûкܷС
̫ӵҲǰˣ˵иĥʯã̫ӵµĴӦҲиġʣֻҪܵĶԹԵģ˷ˣǹ¿ԴӦ㣡ܵĶﻹжܲģǹҲûа취
ϵͷԣȻģǣǶʶģǣޣҲĲ
Ȼ˰Ѷץ̫ӵ³ȥˣһ̸Ժ󣬶ӺۿˣҲ֪˵ʲôЩãȻ
žǳǵȻ̫ӡӰӶڣϾ۵ĵ˵ºüּ⣬жԶӵожһЩϴжԴ޹Ĵþگ̫ӵǻȵȵּ
У˶̫ӵµּǺ£ʣµľûһ£ǰϼȻɵʩ̫ӣȻҪǵ㵽ּˣȻ̫ӵǻԺһЩʩˣ
ɥ죬ڻ񣬺ʣʣ֪ˣ
̫ӵ±ԶиģлǷӿ޵УҲЩɬʵε飬ҲΣǶӡ
ˣ̫ӵҲڳ³ꡱʱ򣬿ʼִлϵּ⣡
ϴˣϻʵ۵ıݻ»ʵ۾׶ˣǻһˣʩһЩˣһЩҲѾϻʵ۰æɨϰǻǱȽƽȵġ
»ʵʤȻҲɿȻҲ׼ǶԷ˳ϵĶ࣬ЩɥĲˡ
ǻһ㣬Ī˾Ͳˣﲻ֪˶Ӷٱ飬Сӹȥʲô
Ī˾öӼֱвҪʵ۾ȥһСʲô¶ˣɥĲĽ׷Ųţ
ʵϣĪ˾öɥĲ񣬾Ǵ޹ҲԼĶɥĲ񣬲һԳ飬ֱˣҲû취˶Ѿɳȥþˣ׷ҲҪ죬⻹Ǽе£ǻ˿϶ҪϢþǵöൢ¶
̫ʱĳһ죬һҪôõʱͲ֪ҪȶˣԴ޹޲úݳһ֮⣬֮Ҳֻռƻˡ
һսĪҲûˣĪ˵ĵĻҺ˵ĲЩׯǼҵˣҪЩĪǹӶģΪǱΣգҪˣѴ̣Ͼ˼ŻĻ¡
ȻûģǶٶЩˣصĻ֮ǰԤϵˣҩĸ׼ˣʱץΣǸȹˣȻԺʲôػĪҲŵԺһչˣ뱣֤йûйҲᱣ֤͵׼˵һʮǮһǮĻ
˵ģôκ⣬ĪҲ˽ǮϵİϾģĿǰ˵ýǮʵũʳ߲ʲôĶȱܰ쵽
ģҲսʱı֣һһǹ֣ǽǮҵ˼˵Щ֮ǰ˵ĲҲ԰սʱıּǹֻǸǮ



һһ 
ּ֮ľһһʣµģչͷɽھЩæˣĪҳôæˣͬʱҲ˽Ǯũ˻࣬չͷƴһҲͽˣϾԼҪǻɽھҲҪ
ʵϣҲȻЩΣգǮҲ࣬ĪܹǧҲǻɽھֳҲ࣬һξΪǳҲ࣬սʤ
ϾһζԷƴĴ򷨣֮ǰһ
ĪһҲõ˶ĪʫӨȥˣæһˣ浱ʱΪԼΪ˼˵˭˵Ϻأ
Ϊйԭ򣬴ҵĵҲһЩģȻҲǰˣ
Ҳǲɣ˸Ī˶ڵʱҲĪݵʱ
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ҵսĴҲҪĪһţһ߷ԸԪ£Ҳڣưæ
ﲻæǱߵҲ٣ֻȥæˣүǱҪ
Ȼ˵ʿǲأֻĪҿ飬Ѿǳˣ¶֮ǰɱǴΣ˵ߵǣȫûǲŽбأ
Īׯ߶̫ˣׯòԶô᲻֪
һׯûڣµ˾ׯʲô£ҲһǿסׯϵģƵټ˼׳û϶ɱҲæˡ
˵Ƽ˹аﵽæȻϹУǾ͸Щũһæ©һĻǿԵġ
ư⼸˶ǻɱģҲɱĶˣɱ˵һ㶼ԵˣսˣƿĪ㷳ңǲŵģûˣҶأˣĪָӣ
ƴЩɻΪʲôЩ˻Īׯ鷳ôоĪׯʲôأ
սܿһ㣬Ϯ˿ɲһķͽΣĪׯðЩҲһֶ֣Ǽõģٿչͷ˵ָӣȵȵģȻ˵Ī֪ᷢ顣
һԹĪôҲ˵ȻôҲܰæЩæʶ̾УõҲʶһɻĪҵײʲôܣĪҲ˵ҲϸʣֻǵҪսĪֵܷסҪҪæ
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ԵԹ鿴ô£ԹʿɲУĿɲһϰ˰Ȼһ˶ź£һͲǺˣҲˣ
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Ϲôɱ̷ֻûɵǳϹϹӵݣʵϣݻûôķһٸְʿ
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ȻԪȥҸĴʦѹѹ˳ΪĪׯ˲٣Щ˳һȻǵˣҲЩ˵겻Ķ
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ּ֮ľһһӭضһΣʬĲĪˣЩũʲôģ˭ЩũϴûɱˣɱˣֲһأҲҪ
үӱǷԵģ濴ҵ״̬ˣǲ˵ɡ
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̷ָտʼƻ˵ˣ˵ˣ֪Ūˣ˵ȥæ̷ֲпԼ׼˹ͬʱҲ˵Ժָôأףǽˣ
̷⻰٣ս°ɣһǳ̶һ·ֱĪׯ
ûӼˡ
Īߣүյ鳾䶨ϢͬʱҲ֪ѾּҪӭ̫ӣΪǻ̫ζžһĽӰˣ̫ӵϻԺ󣬻̫ԶΪ̫ӡ
ҲҪǿ̫ﲻ˳۵ĻʵҪҲǿԵģȻ϶ԼиģԲûгû˼̫֮λ
ڴģճԶΪ̫ӣճȻһˣ˵ã̫̫ˣЩʵ۷ҪһеģȻһ㶼ӡ
ԽӵϢһ̣͸Ī˹ˣϾڼȫˣҲӦĪˣʡõʱ
˵Ѿָ˼ݣͬʱ˼Ϊ̫ӵĪˣĪĪС⣬ҶĿɿڴ
ĪôɲԶôͱ̫ˣ̫ӻǼ˺þã
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ĪС˵ҲЦˡ
ӣĪǶûȥϿΣڼʬȻˣҵʵҲûж¾ˣڼѧСѧĪ˸˽֣ȫż˵ʱϵ̫ϵҪɶɶûеģҲ취쵽
ĪȻģǴ᲻ãûͷҪ뿪ˣôСҲ˲ġ
ҲЩ̻̲﹫ûзɶԼĽ̵ڸ˵Ժ󣬺ܶýˡ
ĲҶܸܵǲôοûãҲ˵õģʱҲȥǣⲢģСʱļѾǵˣмĪҿĵдǣȻСȽϵƤȴҲܰʫӨҲܺãÿʲôһݣҶܰ
죬ҪĪ˯Ҳû֪ĪȽа취Ī취üô¡
ϣĪϴ裬ҲԼϴ裬˶˯£š


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ּ֮ľһһ̸ĪʣǲǵԺûڵĺãģ
㣬ǲܸһȥ𣿡ûлش𣬶Ī
ĪҡҡͷһֱǼҵĺӣȴʤǼҵĺӣ㣬Ƕ㣬ûǼҵĺӣݣǲû㣬Ҳ֪Ǿ˼ңǾʹ㣬㲻ã
ĵҾ£㣬Ҳ뵱ʲô˼ҵĺӣֻ뵱ĪҵĺӣҾĪҵĺӣ
꣡Ī㸸ĸ㣬㲻ãȻ£Ҳԣڲģһֱڱ㣬Ҳˣô֣δĽһǺüֻ꣬Ϊ˱㣬ҲˣߣôΣգοأ
߱㣬ǲ㣬㣡Σյʱ򣬻ű㣬һƬȰ֮Զ׼Ī
ĬˣۿЩ죺㣬ǣǣ᲻ôң
ɵӣ˼䱯϶о۾ɢɢ־ۣڷֿΪԺõۣĪԴ
Щ㲻Ҫģ㻹ûгԣô֪Ժأأ˶Ҫģ㿴㳽ǣǰҲһڼɺأҪȥ飬Լ鶼ҪԼȥ˭ﲻҲˣҲȥʶһ磬ȥԼһƬأ
Ȼˣ㲻Ժںãûȥԣûȥһ£ô֪أ㻹ǵãϼңǻҪǵʱ𣿡Īʡ
ЩӡģԵͷ
ǻûзӣŵĵطûУ˸ԺʱһԺӣھãбϼҲ𣿡Ī
϶ûеģĪׯӺҲܳʵ
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ǣûǣִֵĵ
ûǣﰡԺҲȥǵģˣ硢硢磬ҪȥĪԺҲҪȥϹҲǸǣֻǼûôˣ
ǺӳˣˣȻֲǴ鵭ˣ㿴ǰǸտǼңһ겻һΰɣҲμɣտ嵱˹٣ͲܵˣǲǣɵտĹϵô𣿡
ֻǰǰˣĪ
һüܣǣ㣬Ҫ
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ڲִˡ
ĪҪĲֻЩĪ֣صĵղŸģֻ㲻Ҫȥ¼ıҪȥԣȥŬӦ㲻㱧ûоȥԵģǵô𣿼ʹ֮䣬һȣԺ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ
ǻʼң̫ˣ˼ҷּʲôӦпɣ㻹ǵǰϼң塢ʲô𣿡Īʡ
㿴һңôӣӣòɿֵ궼ͬģڻʼҸˣΪʼҵ󣡡ĪҪǵãȥ˻ʼңʱҪ־ģȷȫŵģҪȥκˣֵܣʵͨ˼ҵֵܶΪһ淴ĿˣοǻʼأΪ͸ˣ
壬ûʲô£ŶΪ˴ﵽĿģȡ棬ֺ޹ĺӣԻʼңкܶΣգʱ򣬲㲻ȥˣ˾Ͳ㣡
̫ˣǲȱҰĵҪȡ֮Ҳ֪Ǽʹֵܣ㶼̫ţοЩģȻҲ˶ţЩҪȥжϡ
УǵôʱԵģֻǱѵĴ۲һˣȫķȨץҪĲ֣
ӿˣǵã㣬ģҼǵãЩһʼĵģҲûбҵ˼ǾͲҪǻᱳѣΪʱ㹻󣬻ǵҰģ


һ 
ּ֮ľһ²ᡰǵģǵûÿ˶ʥˣ㲻ҪֻԼǵؾסģ˵ʵ̫ѣԼʱһЩ˵ıѣΪˣҲεģһֱܿƺǣҲ˼
ͷ㣬ģ֪ģҲȥˣ˼ңҲҪöԷÿ
ĪĵͷԣҪԣ˵ƤӲ£Ǹĺӣܰе鶼õģʲôõģıϣҲıϣ
ΪũܾñЦǵ⣬⣬ȣĴΣҪ
Ҫôǲǣ㣿ֽӿڣЩĪ˵ǵá
ǵģΪũˣ㶼ùܣΪǿʣôˣôˣҪǣǾһĴӦǲǵ£ҪԶЩˣʡñȾ
ĪĶȴЦȴҲĪĺе
Īһ˵˺ܶ࣬öҲļ£Ժͻᶮ
ĪĪˣܶ鶼Ҳ˲һ
ҲĪ˵ԼһЩ뷨˵ȥԺôʮĺˣĪţ﹫ţҲй򣬺ܶ˼ȱ˵ĺӸȽҲ졣
ĪȻܷģҲԼһЩ뷨˵һЩϸôãȻһۣòԣǼԼİ취
ڶϣȻˣճĪˡ
﹫˵Ǽϸ̵΢ˮģ⼸Ҳĺܿģɽԣºģȫȥ˴ׯһȪ
ֵȥʱڣȥ潼Ρŷݣȵȵģĺܿģ
ż飬Ī˶ĹĪ﷢һŹ壬ȥʦ￪ϣø׼˺ܶ·رѼ޷ûУҲĪҲУ⣬ĪҲûƹ㡣
ĪдӱʮƣʱҲƵģĪ滹˺ܶӣլģйģҲйٳϣսϵӣҪü֪ʲôʱϼıȻҲԼдĶ׼һףüĵʱԿ
⣬д˺ܶլʱõֶΣ˵ʲô¶ʲôûжĳһʳһͳ˾綾ȵ֮ġ
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ĪСһȫҸĻ治ĪˣмܴĪСķһõġ
ĪСռ˺ܶЦֵܽǵ£СüĵʱԿЦһЦ
ĪˣԲۣ飡
ĪʫӨĴ幦ܵңüҲ͸˺ܶɰЬӣ·ףźɰԸ˴ͣ
ȫҼһľȵȵһ𣬰ѼĶ׼ȫһ˺üףر֤߳ȥˣҲᶪˣ͸˵Ķ׼٣ӡӸ׼Ĳ٣ǲϣȥ˶ǣΪЩС±Ц
ȻĪЩ֮ҪǼҪϲԼΪԱһܺõۣɻô˵ԼҵԼۣĪҲ˹ۿ˵˼
ĪǸָԼ֧У˵ʲô˼ҪЦЩˣʲô˼۸۸ȥʲôҪ˿͸ҪЩˣҪΪһЩڵĶ̫ģȴǲĲ˿׼ֶϣ˿ìܡ
ȾЦжˣһ㶼ԼũãԼˣЩ͵͵лӣȻ뺦ҪΪôʶôһȺɰļأ
رںصʼԺȻϡʺĸΪʼҹض࣬Ǳ鲻İɣüӵϧĪһĿӣԶûһԹޡ
ⶼǺ󻰡
һĵ˵䶯ǣ֪ԭ۵ׯӾȻסһˣһǼĹˣ
Ҷ׷ĪҪˣҪˣ
Ī˵Ҳ׵ˣΪϲּӭ̫ӣĪһУͣ



һһ ִ
ּ֮ľһһµִĪˣϵĸйٲҲЩ浽ʲô˼ңҪۼһ
ʵӡòãϿ϶һģϾⲻô˵ӵľˣǻʵۣҲҪһ棬Ȼ˵죬ûϿ̱ѶȻˣĪǳڸжûģ
ΪҪ˶ȥȥֲǽȻĪʰʱ䣬̡
£Īɵۣ˻ˣĪϣ塢硢硢磬һˣ
Ī˲û̫ܣҪ֪ԭ֪̫ӣûּ⣬ȻҸȥ»ﲻ֪᲻黳һȥۿԺȻǰĺܶࡣ
ƻϲϱ仯Ҷ򶨣ĪһȻֻȸȥһЩôҲҪǱҲׯӣ£ʱȥûطסֱסׯϡ
ִˣҲȽϰģһҪʲô¶ȵˣ
øĪӶˣһŴʰ滮ôʲôôʲôһдͣҲӭӼĴǣĪ𾴣Щ΢СģԲģ
˵ҲҸĪɫϾ˸̫ദ֪ϵܺãο˿Ǿ̫ӵģԺӿ֪
Īðһׯϵ飬Ѹׯӵׯͷְƽйôʱʲô˵ȥƣưæ
ȻûˣӦ
ʱĪҵ˵ĪӵĺѵĺӵˣƵʱɵˣмʶ򶨣󣬼Ȼôݣݶôһ㣡
Ĺܿ͹ȥĪСٵȥԺ٣ԭĲ֪ʲôڣΪǲ˵Щ㲻ûΪԼſҫ
ȴ֪Ҷ֪ˣɫ˶֪ĪԺӲûɫӣοһ£ԾĪûóԺȴˬ׼ˣǵݣЩѧ
ʮŵĶǣҲط붼ǲ̫ԶֶߵĴ·Ҳø˴к
ڵ˶ǣ˭ɿûǸϽĺã࣬ȻסվҲסˣ;죡
֪ǵﶼǣϵ´ңôȥĪֱסվŶֱӻ˹
ֱӱȥʺѾȲֱڶˣȻͿһ۵м񣬸Ҳмꡣ
ʺɵۿһ죬еǰʶĸĻʶ
žܼУȴǺܵλĻʺ߹ЩɻȻܲ³ǰ˭ˣֻĺİ
ǵĸ󣡡
ʺһϵȰŻʺ󣬱ˣ̫ѾƽˣǴϲ°
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ĸ󣬶⣡ȻȥˣҲȷʵˣ
Īվﶼϴ裬ڳԶүûȥֱӸĪҶסվүӿֱӻؼҵģĪزģˡ
﹫ȥˣϾµģүӿûС
˷֪첻ټҲʲô⣬ҾͶĵЪˡ
˵﹫ߣܿͱټȥλ𣬶ǣ̫Ӳƽ
ȲҾӹӦ֮£﹫
ϸһϸڣЩĲ署ϸοǻôأΪ˱ܣȻٴϢΪǱҪϢûбҪݣ
Ժܶ϶Ǻ
һľ͵ʱ̣÷ȳ˷ּˣ﹫ҪʹѧϰҪճսԼǷܵʲô˺
˵ֹˣ˭֮ǰѸаŮװʵⱾЩðˣΣʱ̣ҲһðЩС۵ģܲԭأǲģ
ǿģ֪ȨӼĪӺãϾ˼ªֲ֪̫ӵʵݣΪ˱ʾ֭ԾܾٶЩףҲ
ȶʵĲˣϲ﹫Ҫʲôķͣ


һ ͻ
﹫Ȼ˵Ҫˣ﹫˵ԼʹˣҪЩҲ飬һҲͦõģҪţ
Ͼ͵﹫ǲϲԼ̫ӵʦ޾ͷΪ̫ɺã̵ֻ̫ӣɷ񣿡
﹫ûˣȻִһۡ﹫鱦﹫ϲģҲʹЩ֪﹫ϲ±ʹ˼±Լ˵漣
ȻĲ﹫⣬﹫լ﹫룬ҲûоܾˣϾڶûסĵطȷʵǲ㣬ϾҪ̫Ӷ飬ĪСҲҪ飬ڶиլġ
Ȼ˵ҪʹͣϵɲҪʲôҪģ˵ûУ޾ʹˣ
һҲٿˣ΢죬һ֣ϣǸҪʹ͵ĻȻȻϸ΢͸飿
ͻ飿һĿ˭ҹӮϹӵķģ⻰Щ٩ζˡ
£΢ãȿȣ˵ֲ˼ɤӣŵ΢Է֮ϣǺƤ˵
һ͸ˣд˵飿˵˵Ǻεˣ
ʱҿϣɷң⣬漰΢˽£΢Щȿȣߣ
Ͽֱ֣Ȼҡ
ŵҲ˵ˣȹ΢Լ̫ӵµĪҳŮĪ
͵΢֮ʱΪʧȥ䣬ǶʱһֱĪĪҳŮĪһЩ飬ŮװǶѽˣ£﹫֤
֮ҪͣҲǲûѬ֮ˡ
ȷʵȥ죬ĪҾϹӽԼ֮£Ǽ֤ˣ﹫ͷ
ͲҪ˵˰ɣ
Ҳ˲ˣŵĪң΢ĪҳŮӴϻʵԵˣĽȻ΢δ֮ǰ£ʵ˺£΢ò֮Ϊ֮ã
ú棺ǾȻԨԴǿԵ֣ĪҳŮΪ֮ϣֻǣȻǽԼ˵ĪҳŮ⣡Ҫ޴ͻˣ޿϶˵Ī̫ӵľˣ治ܲ뷨
æϷģ΢΢Ȼ᲻뷨Ҳͬģǣã
¿棿
﹫˵Цŵϣµģͳȫɣ򳼵Ҫҹˣ
ΪΣϿһۣ﹫˵ûҪˣȴװû﹫Ļûз˵
﹫ĪҳŮ㣬һЩ뷨أ˼Ķ࣬ǣһŮټϹӣȻˣϱͶˣ˵ţ﹫̿
Ҳһ㵣̲סЦãããˣּģõһˣ¿ɰģ
Ȼϲ⣬֣΢л϶䣡ϵЦֵȥˣ
ȻֺƤϰѸɴѽڶоһдϣ
ʵ۸òУҲӦˣĪҲСˣû˵һƵգҸһµģϾҲҪ׼ױʱ䣡
ܣΪ֮£ֻϹ֪ﲻ֪
ͷϱϵô϶ᣬԵĵͷʾͬ⣬ѹҪң
ЩȻҲܲʹģԻǽһͣ
Ī˯أȴּһĪģ֪ǴͻʥּԺĪ˵ͦ˵ģϾһҲõϼˣʥּǲһ
ôһڣҲ˯ˣү⣬Цһ䣺Сӵǻһأ
ȥʱ򣬹Ѿ˯ˣʵ۰ڰ֣û˺ѹŵһԸ緹
ڶϣȻѹй緹ȻЩǷϰ֮ġ
Ȼ糯󣬾ͰĪٽһؽȻ棬û˸Ҷģ
֮ǰ˽̹ôˣԲûгʲô
ܻôͰףô𽵹󣬴ҶǽŵģϿĪˣ֮ǰ󲻳Ļˣԭ˶ӵһҾĪҳŮȻ󷽣ҲܵϹ
֪ĪСڶ飬˵ѧʶһĪСϻҲԵͷĪСأ϶ĪСԺ񣬵һ鷨ȷʵǲܿԣ滭Ҳܳɫ

һ ټ
ּ֮ľһټĪĪʫӨŮȻöʣ˷ҲΪʹͣϵĪԴͻ⣿
ĪȻ˵ˣл϶䡣
л꣬ʷͣĪ˶Ҫ˵Ȼʹ͸ɣĪӶæƴǣûϲ⣬ΪĪƴǵúϣ治Ҫ
ĪЦú񣺡СֻΪģ⣡ֻҪСֻҪ̫ӵ¹ĺܺãֿľͺã
ڲСȻѧʶޣǣ뿼¹ĪӺû취˭Ǹѧأ
û뵽ɣʱһЦ䣬٣µİնİգĪҲйΪҲǿԵġ
ǣС٣ǣԼģĪæǸСԺ˼飬̫ӵ¸﹫ָ˵ǿȥԳһ£
ǿнʿΣеΣʡ
ˣΪЧͣУСͼʦ̺̽ǣСҲ֪ԼѧʶޣӵܣĪӲ˼ĵ
ҲǻȷʵͦͰģ֮ǰҲү˵Ǹʺʥģ̫£ȻĪ˵䲻ƭϣʲôҪ˵ʲôŸĪ
´ĪһۣĪ˵ģ뵽֮ǰĪӵ滷мƷˣϵΪʲôĪӻӣ
ϵ䣬һֱûϽʿҪһֱǾͲˣ
ͿΣΰɣСͲСˣһֱϣ˵СȷʵûǸĪӵϣãһ˺أ
ˣٴθĪȷ䣬ˣһξܾ޸Ժɾûˣ
ҪҪ˵ֵ
Īܼᶨľܾ˵Բڡ
ȻҲ֪ʲôڳ˶һ飬˵Ī˲ԺĪҳҲ̫ͣĪãԺҲá
⻰Īԥһ£Īûκ˵Īӵġ
ĪϣˡŮֱԣԼģǿҺûģǹŮȱȽǣŮõĸʤǣҸҸԼ֪ˣŮŹӣǿңҲܹӣŮҲҪ
⻰ĪǿŻн
ûʲôӦ棬룺ѹ˵С㼱ŮӣȷʵǺ㣡
ĪⷬûʲôŮֱ׵˵ӵı֣ԾԵĪر
ȻĪС٣Ի˵ټܶʱĪСٵϣвԷּҷСΪСӻǸж֮ԡ
ĪСϣҾһӿֿҪˣûвûйϵģΪʲôҪҵĲԼҲнţҪĶĸǲТˣҪŸ׵ĶСûô޳ܣ
ĪСЩСƨϣСӳӢִ˵ƤĻ˫ȫ˵ƷҲܺõģСôһˣôô޳ܵأ˵ˣСҪʲôƾСܣ𣿡
һĪʫӨĻش𣺡Ҵ㳣ңֻҪǿ˭˵ŮӲУҾãŮӣܿ⣬Ҳȸǲ
϶Īʵ̫ˣԼԸҲƫʺһЩΪ߶ˣЩϲԼ̬ͬûʲôĵĪ˾;ر˳ۣԵ
ĪСĻЦĪԳǰɣССͣ㽾ɲǺ󣡡
ԻϣĪС׻Сûôྴη֮ģԻܷϵĻϣС֪֮ɲнСӾô㣬Ҳ͵ʵǰɣҪ̫ǫˣ˼һ˵ֵǫһֽأСʲô취ʵ⣡
Ǵ㵣̶ЦããĪԳ˵öԣʵȷʵǣȿȣǲ͵
ʱӮ˽ݼʣ򸣽𰲣
̫ˣأ϶Ź֡
һ㶼ʻϣʣʲôĵôģǲС˵ʲôˣһôЦģҲĪСĳҪһ̫ƨˣΪ뷨Ƕȸ˼άһֲ֧
Ī˿ܸˣΧȥ뵽ס˳嶯



һ 
ּ֮ľһ·޻ϴЦĵͷĪԳƽҲû˵ĻĪԳ˵͵ʵ˵̲꣬סЦ
Ҳ̲̿סĪСС磬ôԿˣ
С̫ӵ£˵ʵĪСĵһ㶼죡
˵ĪСƨֵͦģԻϲûϲˣʹ˲ķı˵вĺö˵ûգȻͷпˣȻҪϣǷĴϻۣûо۾֮
⻰ȻЦˣĪСҲ£ͦСظ˵㿼ǵûǴЦ
˵ǲʹͣʹ˵ģĪǱߣϾǶĪģֱӸĪ˵ʹҲӰ뿼ȥʹһլӸĪסĪΪҪ̫ӵˣԷ˸ûзص֡
ʹͣľǽ鱦أסס鷨ҵ漣Ż漣Ϻõıīֽ֮Ķ
һزĪˣ̫Ӷлϣ
Ҳͦƽģֱ̫ӵ£֪ǿ϶л˵
ȻϾ˵ദĺܺã˵Цģ
ʺҲټáĪĪʫӨҲһʹͣĪʹأ
㣬Īұſ˾ͻصǵģǻزȥˣزȥҪæϾĪҪˣ
ĪҪ޵Ϣܿ챻غңʱڸĸ˵ȢĪΪأԭĪݲҲֻòΣɸĸͬ⣬һξ̫ΪڣȻĸʹӦˣȴͻϢЦһ£Ե޷ְ
ĸĸҲںأ֪Է˵֮ǰӦôӦؼ̫ӵľˣҲδϵľ˰ԼҪȢ˶Էǰ;𣿿ϧˣϧˣ
ұæͬʱæׯԭЩö˵ȥ
س䶨ĪҲҪȥĸϾĪǴ£ɲǶС£ҲҪ֪һ
տү֪ϢõĪţҲԹæһЩõˣտıҲû뵽Īȵ˵˵ôû˵ʲôѣôͻȻðˣĪǸˣΪ߲֪Ҫæɴæ
ĺҲˣƽ￴Żã
ĪӵϢ˵ģɵˣɵԺֱַˣ֮ǰôĶԷֻ뵽ڿǾүĸװ̫ˣ
˵ĪȱֱͻҪʲôϹĴһֹѾͷãһûȥ֪ͨѷϲ£ȻĪʲôʱȥǣ
³ˣ˻ޣĪ˵ʮױҲѶãʮ̨ױɵ˶ǵˣΪ˵ԭǸãûʲôǮ˭֪ȻôǮ
Щױһ󲿷ĪԼģϾĪǮˣ֮ǰð˲ٵׯӡӣȻһЩöҲ׼ˣʲôҲУʲô鱦֮ģǲȱ
鱦һ㣬һģĪԼǸϹ鱦꣬һ֣ЩͲĪܵˣҲϼܵģһλϡʺʹ͵ġ
Щ治ĪķݶĪ˵ķݶĪȻǲҪģĪ˵ˣܲޣʲôɣǻĪô裿ЩҲȫ
Īûˣֻͬ⣬ŻͷҲܻȥҲνˡ
ϣòӦһˣԸԳҪĪЪˣ
ֻͨ죬ȴĿĪңҶˣȻ͵һˣǳ֮Ｑ
Īûʣʲôأͱ˵ˣ
ûãĪֻ䣺mmp˵õأðû
ƫƫĪܣտʼ˼ɬԼСhuangڼḻҪ۸ţˣоԼҪˣģ
ԼҲҪ꣡
ĪڴʬŪˮȻһ飬ɵıĪȫԼ֣Է񣬷ǳλ
ǵλĻЩȻĪһۣң
Űˣıϱ˯ȥˣ
ڶϻҪ𣬸ž裬ȫĪûгκδ󣬶ϹϹûκεĲźܺƣĪҲ΢ɿ



һ 
Ȼս׼ܲսȻõģô˵ҲĸĸˣԼԿ
ڶĪǺ⣬ûʱЩģȼĪȴϲöӵ۹ⲻȻòǣپ£СұҲƯؼ´˵ģԭӣڿɲ˼ҿأҲһȻЩͣҲȫһˣ
žԺȻû£ҪȥлȻֻ棬ȵһϵʽ
ϹҪ˵ӻͦӵģͷүӸϷˣڱȽϺͰģ˵ġ
ȻϹճӣиĵܸܵ⣬ӸһŮȻˣϹͣЩҲɼˣŮãڳ޵ģڻסһأìҲǲٵġ
ȻϹүһǱȽģȴҲӣһŮһܵܣã⣬ϹүӶǶǱȽ϶ģˣ
Īﰵզ࣬ȥһ¾вɷģҪǸҸҴñӣҾ㣬ٺ룡˵檣ͨѾͷˣҪǸҸŮ˯ﶼҪ룡
ʱﲻҪ룬ҪҸÿĪ⻰û˵ͱ죬Ҳ֪δĻʲôһӻ𣬱˼ɶڲˣԼɻûأ
֮Īٴ̱ڴϣȴ̧ƮƮĴ£ǻ쵰ûˡ
Ƶĵ´Σҿɾûô˵ˣ
ĪҪˣĵôûˣ˵ĲҪǸȥ˯ˣҴñӣƾʲôҲˣ
ҪĪˣĪĹĵӣͷĪƤһ£ɵҲǶ˵ˣִ֮ϣ͹ӦˣﻹоӦˣ
ͬ˵ҲĻˣȻҿû˵
Ī˵вĻȻǲˣΪøղŵѾӵˣҪһһΣð
ǺĪͷʱŷԭ˵ĶģһǶӵ˷ָ˵Ժ󣬾ȻŲϲµʱвûĪʱmmpҪ
ⶼǺ󻰡
˵ڣĳŵĪҲǵεģסˣһζУһβңٴβã
ϲĪԵӣĪвҪñ޲ðĪ˩أıĪȫԼҪ治ңͰҿεģС̳ӣ
Īˣӵĵ˵ĳֻ񣺡ҪúõıȻ
һҲ˵ͦģڶҪȥϰˣĻٵģ»ȱ֣ȻͲˡ
Īðɣ̷Щ񣬵̷歼޸﷢ûãƾּˣȽеĲҵһЩ̶ʲһ֣Ҳʡסýìܶ࣬û߹Ķϱġ
ͬģϹּˣүǶֳȥǵճģʡ÷ˣ
Ϲһ£ĪҲӦϹֻ˵˼ҵӹȻģڹܣֻҪܺԼԺӾͿˣϹȻĸ̫ۡ࣬һɵģĪǿԳȥԼС⣬չһԼʲ
Ҳ֪ǽȽϺûĪͶ˲ʲ˹ֳ˳Чʵȥ꿪ʼֳɹˣǳɹʲ󣬵ȥ긻뷨ڿǸ뷨ǳĺãΪĳɻʴ˵ԺĪ͵Ӯɡ
ι״ģͬĥ۸Ҳ˲ȥ
ȻǹǴɣǴɽļ죬ĪҪľڶǵı׶ƿ׬ϲǮȥ˾ĸǮ׬ˣҲˣʱͿͨϰչˡ
ĪǮ۸ˣ
ֻڵϹƽֶΣ׼ĶòϣĪЩźͬʱҲɿɴԼЩ͵ҪȥȻҲġ
һ£ĪҲ˽˶ǵƣԺɲǾ͸ǵģĪ֮ǰ˵ֻҪ뵱ʵ۵ģ̫Ӿӵİʯ֮Ǿϵ
ԭ̫ӵ˻ԺǰĺӾͱ˻ӣ»Ȼֹһӣ϶壬ԭ̫ӲڵģҲԭ淣ڵĹģЩֻкŮأټŮ͸ˡ
Ա˵֪Щ湫ģĪŲ
Ҳ֪ܿԼĴԶĪ÷ĸѾͷ͸ûоܾĸѾͷóҽģҲóģʵĸѾ൱ѾߣЩѾȫ˲ˣ˫ȫ֡
÷ĸѾͷȻֵܾȥ˵͸ˣͨϼңİţĸΪŮŽȥ۵ɨŮĵȼɭϣȻʲôʲô㲻˻ɵģȻֻʵʵͰİյȼһ
˹ǱҪ֧ԮĪֳ־߲ҪǮңøܻʵڲУȥҵ˵Ǯ·ӣڼҲ±˱ǹͷ
Ī֪ҪܶǮȻ̫ӣ̫СҲ˿ĪɴһЩӪ˵ԭˮࡢ޷ֲ߲ˡпƷ꣬ҲǸҵȻ߲˳ѾҲˣű˲ܷһǰɣ
ЩĪҺŪϸθһΣֱӷչɹΣЩ͹ͷϣνʵЩǹĲҵ
ʵϣҲûǮСũˣϲڼԼǱҪĴͣǶõˣ˼öԷһӶûõģҲ˼ˣ
ˣ˸Сŵ̫ӣ
ЩԲᣬأʵϣҲСңģҪǹŮ̫Ʒвģ¶ˣҲһȱǮǮԵģǮȱľ͸˵æͷʲôġ
ǹĪЩտʼǾܾģĪ˵ˣ˵Ǹ˵вԼеȵȣҲҲʹӦˡ
ˣҲһЩҵƲۣҲ׬ӯĪֻĹ˱ֱӵĹڹ֮µģΪ˶Ҳùģ𲻱Ҫᡣ
ҲֻΪ˷΢ŽĪԹƷͦŵģ
治òģʵ֤Ī̵ĺܺã˵̫ˣȷЩ˿Щִ̫ˣǹ˭ϲ˵ģѵõҲһֱܲģĪ˵ĺãȥǣһ㲢ûʱı䣡
Ĵ˵»ʻӹֻԼ£Ժӣ»ʲ̬ЩһЩ鲻ô㣡
˹ЩͬĸֵܣͬͬĸֵܣȻڻСŸҲ׽˭֪Ժأ
˹ߣĪҲԴԴϵĺϢĪСѾˣֻŻͷǿƿʿˡ
﹫˼ĪСٵ츳ˮƽһɼ϶ǽһף׵Ļһһʵٵǰ;𲻴ĪСڵˮƽҲ˶׵һͬʿ˵ҲܣˮƽڶȵģȻˣʵûôҪĪСﶼͦͨ͸ģֿϡ
ĿҲȷҪȥ٣;ȻˣǾȥ˾ȥ٣һٳܶĪСٱȽϺá
ĪҪٽһĪСµһ׼ˣĪСһ³Ϊǣ﹫ĪСĿˣҪһеһĪСҲԼĴΨеһ䣬ԴӦˣ
Īʵʵ̫ӵǵĸ鶨ģʵϣ̫ҲǺܺϸģҲ˵Īƫ
˹ߣĪСٵĻҲˣǲúµģ˵ҲԵˣĪʱ򣬹żҵүģʱһЩĿĪСٳģɴʶĪС٣Ҳ֪ôĿۣϵԽԽżүҲͦĪСٵģҶ󣬾͸ĸƼĪС١
żүĸĸһҲòƷжŮ޹ȥҲ̫ӵµľˣԺǰ;϶ͬˣĪҰʾһ
ĪԺ󣬷ֹżҵλǧȷʵǲҹ㣬ñƯҶׯȷʵǲѡȻĪС١żλǧһԺ󣬻¾ʹ˶ˡ
ĪСҲСˣĪСٿ˾ԺͽˣڻҲܲżǧһţþæٵİ˦һ⣬żҲ⣬żǧɿĪһʱ䣬ֲ洫˵ǹӣ෴ǼҵһЩ˺⡣
żǧ޹ҲǾһʱӦĪҵĪ˵ΪȻĪѾͷСûǶ飬ϴ·Ϊżǧǰ飿
ҧѧˣȻĪСٵҲùһϴĪСٵǲƣżпҲżǧϴЩܼļ˿ûеĴ壡
ǷҲԽԽ
ĪСҲڶҵӣһλƼҵǧһˣʱһţĪСܾǸӣ˼ҹŮװҲûע⣬Ȼ˲ɢΪĪСܺλǧһѣ̧˼۸Ժø˶ԷʱλǧǸmmp
ֵǺǧ벻ȥʱȴĪСƹҪֳɣ˵ǸҲһݹͣҪô
£ǸǧˣĪСܾǸӵĶˣûһ˵ķ緶
ĪСҲĪԼеðɣҲ˵Ӳϲø˶ԷҲһֳȫ
ûĪС˵ȫˣǧҲᡣ
ҲǽˣڶͲһˣӢ۾·ΪǧٴŮװƤʶˣҪǮøĪСܿˡ
ĪСȻǰˣֶ˵塣
ǼƤҪôýҲĪСˡ
ƤϣȰˣ֪ȭͷǵˣ
ĪСܻһظӣǲеģҹ컯֮£ҶǮȭͷ󲻽ˣå
ȻǧĪСܵͦ࿴ɼĪСੲ˵û꣬һظŵģ˼ҶҪˣϻҲͦġ
ǧ𶼿켱ˣͻΧܻűҲɵղſˣﲻתȥȣ֮ǰƭǮʱôô
ȻǧͿõһĻ߸ƤȻ򲻹ûһڵϰлȻչĽƻˣôҶ˵ˣȭͷҲҪ㿴ңȭͷǴɣҲǽģǲǣ
ȻһŰЩˣй˶ٻ£˵ͼᣬƤǿסˣˣȻˣĪСܾ͸ȥףףᣡ
һĻǧΪĹ۰һ֮ǰӡ󣬱øߴǧȻĪСܵлˡ
ĪСҲ֪ԭǸңѵ˹Ｘ䣬ȻǧĪСܼסηͷŴлʱĪСܾ͵ͲˣⲻȥֱۺϳǮҰɣ㣬֮ǰһЩǮҪܸˣԼðǸ£ֻܵ¸Լ˼ӷǮſ򵽣µʱȥˡ
ǧжţһҪǮǧһһһţǮǮǮҪǮɣ˵ˣ
ȻˣǧҲǺ˼ǰ󷴲̫ǧЩ費˼룡
ҲԵ֣ǧĪСܣʱĪСʶԷ⼸ҲǱȽϲ黭ģǧǸĸ׳ǧȥĪСܵͬ飬֪˭
Ʒ֪ĪСܾȵǧҲǲݺӣŵлҴпԼŮ⣬ʹ̽һ¡
ĪСܶǧûʲôеģҲûʲôоĪǴ̽һǸǸͦϲѧģȻҲȥ䣬һԺҲ¸ĪС˵
ĪϹӷ˵尲һͻᣬǧ𵱳ݻȻװĪСܿ˵ǧҲǸϲģһ滭츳
ְ˼ΣĪСиǧżദĻᣬĪСܹȻǧҲȤԽԽĵǧƷҲû⣬ĪҾˡ
ʱţϣһתۣĪѾʮˣ޽ûþͻˣӵӣŮһƵʣҲǸЧˣĪ彡ûκ⣬Ҳ̵ĺ㣻Ϲ˶Զû檲û˵ʲô
ȻֻϹӷˣɽ꣬ȴһˡ
ŻǵĽ󣬸ҰҲʼ©ȨƵƵĵҲˣԻȨϲ̰ڷˣͼֹ˵ʱ򣬻ϾλˣλܰеĺӶȫˣ
ϵλҲΪֹǵȨҲЩܲסˣԴӵǻԺҪһľûóΪ˵ŻѪսսиУ岢ǺܺãûŵͷͺְŶ󰡣ʮΪ˲Ӣţλ̫ӴĹˣ
֮ǰĩλãǹ̳лλǻΪۣ
ǻΪԺ˵λʾԼĸ̫ϻʣͷĪΪҹΪҹˣĪӰ΢дһңĪվǿ˽ʿֻ٣ȥˣǹٻԼ΢ý飬ѧͽ̣ûѧͶԼ飬﹫Ľ̻壬ͦԵֵġ
ʵϣ΢ڽԺԽԽҪܶϿˣĪҲ΢õɽ
ˣ΢úڹ֧ҲǱػаѧʣΪ֧ĪӣΪʶѧҪõĺãܶ˲
ĪҲ˵԰ػˣ
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Ҷ֪ǻŵˣԹ;ϱ˵ûгᱻΪѡ
ʵһֱ֪ܲʱͨ͸չȻϼԺʲôҲ֮ŷ͸û˸ҸĪССЬˣÿο˶ŵȡ
˭֪ĪСٸ̫ѣдţЦ˭ҸСЬ
ĪСԺʵҲҪ̳йλģԲûκ顣
ĪСڿϽʿԺ󱻰Ž˹Ӽ൱һͣרŽ鷨ģҲʺϣԹĪСܷһ
ĪСҲ˽ʿȷе˵ĪСԺʿͷͷ״Ԫɣ
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͸ĪСҲһ
֮ĪСûб⣬ԺĪСұۣ˵ˣĪӵĹλǿϮģĪСٿû⣬ʵһݾҹӣĪСܸĪСԺܼ̳оλҲϲٳĪСЩӦۣʱ䣬Զ໭ͦõĪСǿתĿǲ棡
ԹֱӾͷˡ
ĪСڱȽϺģǺ֣ҪٳҲԣĪСܸ˵ͷͺģڹӼְˣƵλá
ĪС˵漸꣬湻˾ͻ¿Խû¾Ⱥúɣ
ʵϣĪСɽˮҲǰģԺ͸дһμǣ治бģٽҵķʲôģս£ЩкܴĲοֵһµͼڹҸҵģڹŴļֵɲһ㣬ⶫҪܵģ
ĪСȻģʵʵĽӹȻһڹҵ»ְʵ㱾Ҳȱ˸ߣͼ˴󹦣ԹֱӸһƷĹְĪСڸ󳼡
ĪСڸʱĪСٴڸ˳ϾĪڹ֧ȨԽԽҪֵܶģƽҲȫȨӹָӣҲᵳӪ˽ύĺ⣬ĹϵãҲġ
ǷģĪҲҪʶȤҲùΪѡ
ȻʱǨתƣܶ鶼ı˺ܶ࣬ѵõĪ˵ĸ黹һĺãĹϵҲһûб䣬ҲΪ仯Ī˶ĸһֱܴ⣬Ҳ̰ȨƵˣԹǳڸ֧֣ĪС٣ҰҲֻǲü˱۸ôܶһ
Ծܹô꣬ǵĸ黹һĺã
ʵҲɿģΪȻ֪һڸֵܲãһˣҲ˸ˣǲģֻΪƫĪһûʧ
ĪҲ˵ƶ£ﵽȨ۷壬Ҳǵҿˣ෴Ƕ̶ʮʱ䣬ĪѾ˶ǵģ˭Һӵ¹
ȥ磬ȥĪͱһˣҲһоûʲôãҲǸְǺɰĪֵãĪֵǶ̫гϢˣð̰
󷿣滹Ŵķ߲ˣֱһӲùгϢľˣĪСٵİ£ӡҲ˽ʿԺҲǹ˺ͨƷԱλá
ĪںûٿˣһֱǸݣҲȥ˹٣տʼĪûģǺ濴Īںòô˵ãΪѧҳ¸ܱǸ۸
ʹĪںҲûбĪӵͷûĪӵȨƣ
ĪڿȥˣˣĪں̸һȻĪںһλᣬڶǸﵱة֪أ⣬ҲѾĪںְҵĵľͷˣʹĪںҲˡ
ҲĪںĸĺˣȻʱĪӺͲٰˣӾҪ֪أǲףû㱳ϵ̫࣡
ĪڻǸˣڼϣȥͶá
Ī˪Ǽ޸һС֮ӣʼʱӹĲôĪҶǶ׵ģĪϵӾ͹Ĳˡ
Īԭ˵ˣҲôģʲôٵ֮ģϧĪһҲĪѵһĪˣĪ󽭴ǴɡȨس⣬ȻˣǮģںһ㣬˳Ÿ
ĪĪ¾ͻȥֵˣ׬ܶ࣬㹻ү˵ˡ
ĪȾ˶Ĳ㺦üҵ滹Ī棬ĪȥЩƭ֣÷׽ģڼ⣬Ҳ
ĪСʱͦģǳԺͦµģȻûпϽʿǿţھ΢ϿΣĪӹ΢ãͬʱҲӾӪ˼ҵ̣ӹĲ
Ī߻ĪѩĪѩĪ󽭷ĲУ޷ˣĪ߲˿ຣ汻Ī˸Īׯˣſྡ
տ⼸귢չҲܲտıտĪҵĸʶ˹;ʱһıģϺ滹Īҡŷ֣տıǶƷԱտǴƷǰ;ޡ
﷢ҲĪң̷ҵķ֣Ҳ˴Ʒ
ȻտҷչĲĪҺãҲʣҲôǹ˺ͨǶĪҵĸ˵ȫҲһֵԭ򣬶ҹϵͺܺãֻΪǸ˵ķݣôἵأҲ֪Īҵ˵ϾĪҵɲС˹˵ðΣհѹ󣬻ĺܺãⶼĪӦõġ
˵ĪǹǻԺһģҲĪڹĵλĪΪ糤ͳ˵һϵҫùӵֿȣ
ĪõⶼЩ㵣֮ɹִˣĪӦõģĪ룬ҲͽˣǷǼҪҲ֪ضԻȨһ˺ʵϣҲ뷨ٷأȻĪ͸߹ƶߵķӡ
һֱĪ⣬ֻǰ̫ӣǻϣһֱһίĴ㣬⣬òʵ飡
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ڹ̫ԺĪĪڻ֮УᶨƵ֧ṩ˼ǿĺܣǰЩ취͵˲ֵ֪ٴεΣգ͵ʲҲһµ̫ӣܺܺõһΪ£˵ûĪҲĪ֧֣һ죬Īĳʵ飬˭ʵ飿
ڹ˻ԺһЩҲĪķĪṩ˺ܶ˼룬ĸĽһЩ׵ĻеȵĻеҵϵһЩ뷨ȵȵУˮ취ȵȵķôľøһ̨ףõչҵĹ񾭼áȵȸ涼һµ̨ףۺϹ˲С
߽һЩϱڹսŵĹУسɷչٽСæٵأ´ǱȥʵϹҲǺս֮ˣһֱǴѺõģɲᶯ
㣬Ŵ٣һʢʷƣԪʢ
УĪӵÿ֪СҵУ
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ĪСġҲ٣ĪСܵĻ鷨Ҳ˵ĪС٣Ҳ˺üεӰӾ磬ĪӸ÷ĹҲ
֮ԪʢĪҶˡַȥĿ죬ȻĳɵӰӾ磬Ĳ֣Щ·ִĻ˵Ĺ¿ԽƵģ
ȻˣЩ˵ĪˣĪˡ֪ĪڱΪʱ򣬻ԼһҲп޳
뵱մԽʱ򣬾Ĺܶ˵ľٿڣȻΪ˳ò˵ĺ
ȻŽѵЩпĪϱСŮ˵Ҫ㣡
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Ȼƪľͳˣ̫Ĳ˳ҲΪʹģҲиĲᡣ
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